“PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF PHOTOVOLTAIC FED SERIES
ACTIVE POWER FILTER FOR POWER QUALITY IMPROVEMENT”
A Thesis Submitted in partial fulfillment of the Requirements
For the award of the Degree of
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
In
ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS
ENGINEERING
Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad
By
V. RAJU (21QT1A0212)
M. ROHAN (22QT5A0210)
B. RAHUL (21QT1A0214)
M. SUNIL (21QT1A0206)
A. SAI TEJA (21QT1A0218)
Under the esteemed guidance of
A. KRISHNAIAH M. TECH, B. TECH.
Assistant Professor
ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
(POWER ELECTRONICS & ELECTRIC DRIVES)
KLR COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, PALONCHA
BHADRADRI KOTHAGUDEM DIST., TELANGANA-507115
ACADEMIC YEAR: 2024-25
KLR COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING &
TECHNOLOGY ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS
ENGINEERING
CERTIFICATE
Certified that this is a bonafide record of the dissertation work
entitled “PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF PHOTOVOLTAIC
FED SERIES ACTIVE POWER FILTER FOR POWER
QUALITY IMPROVEMENT” done by V.RAJU, M.ROHAN,
B.RAHUL, M.SUNIL, A. SAI TEJA bearing Roll No: 21QT1A0212,
22QT5A0210, 21QT1A0214, 21QT1A0206, 21QT1A0218 Submitted to
the faculty of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, in partial fulfillment
of the requirements for the Degree of BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
from KLR College of Engineering & Technology, Paloncha.
A. KRISHNAIH Mr.V.NARESH KUMAR
B.Tech., M.Tech, M.Tech., (Ph.D.),
Assistant Professor Assistant Professor and Head Of Department
EXTERNAL EXAMINAR
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The development of this main project though it was an arduous
task, has been successfully completed with the cooperation & guidance of
experts and eminent persons in this field.
We pleased to express our thanks to those people whose
suggestions, comments and critics greatly encouraged us in betterment of
this main project.
First of all we thank our Principal Dr.K.RAJENDRA PRASAD,
for giving permission to do this main project.
We wish to express our profound thanks & gratitude to
Mr.V.NARESH KUMAR, Professor and Head of Electrical &
Electronics Engineering Department, KLR College of Engineering &
Technology, Paloncha, for his valuable skilled guidance, excellent
supervision, simulating discussions, critical evaluations and constant
encouragement during in the successful completion of this project.
We are highly indebted to Smt.K.Nagamani, Chairperson, KLR
College of Engineering & Technology, Paloncha.
We are very much grateful to Mr.K.Sidharth Reddy, Secretary,
KLR College of Engineering & Technology, Paloncha.
We wish to express our profound thanks & gratitude to
Mr.V.NARESH KUMAR,B.Tech.,M.Tech., Assistant Professor, Department
of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, KLR College of Engineering &
Technology, Paloncha, for his valuable skilled guidance, excellent
supervision, simulating discussions, critical evaluations and constant
encouragement during in the successful completion of this project.
We would like to express our special thanks to Mr.
A.KRISHNAIAH, Asst. Professor, Department of Electrical &
Electronics Engineering, KLR College of Engineering and Technology,
Paloncha, for his excellent support, personal suggestions and constant
encouragement throughout this work.
We would like to express our sincere thanks to Ms.
U.KEERTHANA Asst. Professor, KLR College of Engineering &
Technology, Paloncha, for her excellent co-operation and help in doing
this work.
We would like to express our sincere thanks to Mr.D.Rama
Narasaiah Asst. Professor, KLR College of Engineering & Technology,
Paloncha, for his excellent co-operation and help in doing this work.
We would like to express our sincere thanks to M.PAVAN Asst.
Professor, KLR College of Engineering & Technology, Paloncha, for his
excellent co-operation and help in doing this work.
We would like to express our sincere thanks to
Mrs.K.SINDHURA Asst. Professor, KLR College of Engineering &
Technology, Paloncha, for her excellent co-operation and help in doing
this work.
We would like to express our sincere thanks to Ms.R.NAVA
VANITHA Asst. Professor, KLR College of Engineering & Technology,
Paloncha, for her excellent co-operation and help in doing this work
We warmly acknowledge the inspiring discussions and invaluable
suggestions extended by our nearest friends and well-wishers during the
work.
Finally, We thank one and all, who helped us directly or
indirectly for completing this research work.
With Gratitude
V. RAJU,
M. ROHAN,
B. RAHUL,
M. SUNIL,
A. SAI TEJA.
DECLARATION
We hereby Declare That The Project Entitle “PERFORMANCE
ANALYSIS OF PHOTOVOLTAIC FED SERIES ACTIVE POWER
FILTER FOR POWER QUALITY IMPROVEMENT” Submitted For
The Partial Fulfillment Of The Requirement For The Award Of The
Degree In Bachelor Of Technology In Electrical And Electronics
Engineering (Power Electronics &Electrical Drives)To KLR College Of
Engineering And Technology,Paloncha Affiliated To JNTUH, Hyderabad
Is An Authenticated Work And has not Been Submitted To Any Other
University Or Institution For The Award Of Any Degree Or Diploma.
Date:
Place: paloncha
BY PROJECT
ASSOCIATES
V.RAJU
M.ROHAN
B. RAHUL
M. SUNIL
A. SAI TEJA
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF
PHOTOVOLTAIC FED SERIES ACTIVE POWER
FILTER FOR POWER QUALITY
IMPROVEMENT
INDEX
TOPIC PAGE NO
ABSTRACT
LIST OF FIGURES
LIST OF TABLES
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 01-02
1.1 INTRODUCTION 01
1.2 AIM 01-02
1.3 MOTIVATION 02
CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE SURVEY 03-05
2.1 OPTIMAL SIZING OF A HYBRID GRID 03
-CONNECTED PHOTOVOLTAIC AND
WIND POWER
2.2 IOT ENABLED SMART SOLAR PV SYSTEM 03-
04
2.3 AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF SOLAR 04
ENERGY
2.4 DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A 04-
05
RENEWABLE ENERGY MONITORING SYSTEM
2.5 MICROCONTROLLER-BASED TWO-AXIS 05
SOLAR TRACKING SYSTEM
CHAPTER 3 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS 06-
17
2.6 INTRODUCTION 06
2.7 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS 06-09
2.8 NEED FOR EMBEDDED SYSTEMS 09-11
2.9 EXPLANATION OF EMBEDDED SYSTEMS 11-14
2.10 APPLICATIONS OF EMBEDDED SYSTEMS 15-17
2.11 CONCLUSION 17
CHAPTER 4 BLOCK DIAGRAM AND 18-38
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
2.1 INTODUCTION 18
2.2 BLOCK DIAGRAM OVERVIEW 18
2.3 POWER SUPPLY 19-25
2.4 LDR 26-28
2.5 ESP8266 28-35
2.6 WORKING 35-36
2.7 THEORY 36-37
2.8 APPLICATIONS
38
CHAPTER 5 ARDUINO CONTROLLER 39-47
2.1 INTRODUCTION 39-47
CHAPTER 6 SOFTWARE EXPLANATION 48-55
2.2 INTRODUCTION 48
2.3 INTERFACE 48-49
2.4 DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS 49
2.5 ARDUINO COMPILING 50-53
2.6 PROGRAM 53-55
CHAPTER 7 ADVANTAGES AND LIMITATIONS 56
2.1 INTRODUCTION 56
2.2 ADVANTAGES 56
2.3 LIMITATIONS 56
2.4 CONCLUSION 56
CHAPTER 8 RESULTS 57-60
CHAPTER 9 CONCLUSION & FUTURE SCOPE 61
2.1 CONCLUSION 61
2.2 FUTURE SCOPE 61
REFERENCES 62
LIST OF FIGURES
Fig No Title Page No
Figure 3.1 A modern example of embedded system 07
Figure 3.2 Network communication embedded systems 14
Figure 3.3 Automatic coffee makes equipment 15
Figure 3.4 Fax machine 15
Figure 3.5 Printing machine 15
Figure 3.6 Robot 16
Figure 3.7 Computer networking
16
Figure 3.8 Cell phone 17
Figure 3.9 Web cam
17
Figure 4.1 Block diagram 18
Figure 4.2 Block diagram of a fixed regulated power supply 19
Figure 4.3 Transformer 19
Figure 4.4 Center tapped transformer 19
Figure 4.5 Half wave Rectifier 20
Figure 4.6 Full wave Rectifier 21
Figure 4.7 Bridge rectifier with transformer 22
Figure 4.8 Bridge rectifier with center tapped transformer 22
Figure 4.9 Output of Rectifier due to filter capacitor 23
Figure 4.10 Voltage Regulator 24
Figure 5.1 Hardware model 41
Figure 6.1 Tool bar necessary for the interface 48
Figure 8.1 Hardware kit image 58
Figure 8.2 WIFI module connected indication 58
Figure 8.3 LDR1 & LDR2 off or on condition then solar 59
panel stable
Figure 8.4 East side rotating system 59
Figure 8.5 WEST side rotating solar panel 60
Figure 8.6 OUTPUT in telnet application 60
LIST OF TABLES
Fig No Title Page No
Table 4.1 Specifications of IC7805
25
Table 5.1 Arduino nano-specification 40
Table 5.2 Pins explanation 43-44
ABBREVIATIONS
IOT – Internet of Things
DSP – Digital Signal Processors
ICT – In Circuit Debugger
TCB – Trusted Computing Base
CPU – Central Processing Unit
EVA – Ethylene-vinyl Acetate Copolymer
GPL – General Public License
DIY – Do It Yourself
USB – Universal Serial Bus
IDE – Integrated Development Environment
PDIP – Plastic Dual-in-line Package
LDR – Light Dependent Resistor
ABSTRACT
In this project, we are going to show you how to make an Arduino Based Solar
Tracker Using LDR & Servo Motor. The Solar Panel Tracker is designed to follow
the sun movement so that maximum light intensity hits on the solar panel, thus
increasing the power efficiency.
We have designed a single-axis solar tracking system. In this system, the
whole solar panel moves from east to west in a day to point in the direction of the sun.
The use of a solar tracker circuit in the field of energy production will increase its
efficiency. This system can also be successfully implemented in other solar energy-
based projects like water heaters and steam turbines.
Hardware part generally composed of solar panel, two-DC motors, LDR
sensor module, temperature sensor, humidity sensor and electronic circuit. Software
part represents the thinking behaviour of the system, that is how the system acting
under several weather conditions. In this paper, an automatic solar tracking system is
designed and developed using Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) and DC motors on a
mechanical structure with gear arrangement. It is implemented through Arduino UNO
controller based on Sun Earth Geometry. The results indicated that the automatic solar
tracking system is more reliable and efficient than fixed one.
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF PHOTOVOLTAIC FED SERIES
ACTIVE POWER FILTER FOR POWER QUALITY IMPROVEMENT
KLRCET 1 EEE
