Changing Trends and

CHAPTER
Careers in Physical
Education
1
"The world is the greatest gymnasium where
we come to make ourselves strong."
- SwamiVivekananda

CONCEPT,AIMS AND OBJECTIVES given in a time bound manner and exams are set
to test our brains.
OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION
Our body, however, is not solely about the
When we hear the word 'education, the image that brain. We may think with the latter - and indeed
springs up in our mind is usually that of a classroom the human capacity to think isan important
filled with students focused on books spread characteristic that sets us apart from the rest of
open on identical desks, while a teacher looms the animal kingdom -but we breathe with our
overthem between neat rows of benches. This is lungs, run with our legs, and eat with our hands.
perhaps because we automatically associate the How we live each day is determined by the entire
term with knowledge acquired through textbooks. body's ability to function as a whole. ven the
Education' in a general sense is restricted to the slightest cough or raised temperature tends to
inside of schools and colleges, where lectures are cause inconvenience. As such, it has now become

Figure 1.1 Physical education leads to all-round development of the students.

 education is an education of
"Physical and
mind but also to
to nourish the where
necessary notonly through human novement many of the
nurture the body at the
same time. are achieved by means
activities of big
educational
Phsical Education
was born out of this particular
muscle activities involving sporis, games, gymnasti
to increase the
Its prinmary goal is
danceand exercise."
necessity.
keeping them physically
students productivity by - Harold Ms Barrow and Janie P
as Brown
progranmmes
it by including physical activity
In this chapter, we will learn is education through
part of the curriculum. "Physical education physical
aims and career the total l
more about its concept, deinition, activities for the development of personality

options. to its fullness and perfection in bodu

of the child
-Central Advisory Board
mind and spirit." of

Concept and Definition of Physical Physical Education and Recreation

Education »> make it clear that

These definitions physical
Although the simplest meaning of physical education has an all-round approach towards

education concerns the structural and functional the development of the student. She/he gains in

understanding of the human body through

all spheres of life: physical, mental, social and
various physical activities to increase its strength, SO On.
endurance, speed, agility and flexibility, more
the It is interesting to know that the evolution of
correct way to look at it extends beyond the Physical Educationasa discipline has a long history.
mere growth of physical health. Let us acquaint
Physical Education evolved from gymnastics
ourselves with how experts define the term to
(during 1800s) to hygiene training (in 1820s) to
better understand the overall target of this subject.
physical culture (in 1840s) to physical training (in
"PhysicalEducation is sum of man's physical
the 1900s) and now is known as Physical Education
activities selected as to kind, and conducted as to (in 1920s).
Outcomes."
-Jesse Feiring Williams Physical education has always been ingrained
"Physical Education is the sum of those intothe culture of educationin
Indian history too.
experiences which come to the individual through Almost every village had an akhara (a
movement." training
-Delbert Oberteuffer hall). Physical fitness (chintan)
was considered as
"Physical Education that phase of the whole
is importantas meditation(dhyana) and
spiritualism
field of education that deals with the big muscle (aatmik) for the
growth of the individua.
fullest
activities and their related responses. B Nash After
-Jay Independence, the subject
"Physical education began to
is an integral part of the assume more importance as
a formal part of
total education process and has as its aim academics and was
the total inculcated into the general
development of curriculum.
physically, mentally, emotionally and
socially fit citizens
through the medium of A well-structured and
physical
activities which have been selected well-implemented
with a view to
PhysicalEducation Programme is the
realising its and must be an integral need of time
outcomes." A Bucher
Charles part of school
"Physicaleducation in India. It curriculums
is a programme of is significant from students'
activities physical perspective
that develop health to improve physical fitness;
youth through in
to enhance
various organic physical
systems of the growth and development; to
body; develop their nurture intellectual
skills in
physical and
activities with an neuromuscular
enjoyment, emotional implication for control development; to learn to
development, emotions; to
the optimum recreation and and cultural promote social adjustment
development of the
human organism." integration; to develop skill,
leadership quality, health
"Physical - Irwin and safety habits
education is a develop
an individual process through democraticvalues and
claims which and citizenship quality
optimal physical, economic values; to
help in
social skills
andfitness mental and and goal mental relaxation,
through setting, etc.
physical The next
activity."
section will
- Lumpkin discuss in detail what the
10 aims and
objectives of physical
educationare.
Aims and Objectives of Physical can see it, is kept in shapethrough regular exercise,
such as jogging, walking, engaging in various sports
Education »>
and also through maintaining correct posture
The Ministry of Education and National Planning and eating a healthy diet and (b) the subsequent
of Physical Education and Recreation says that "the
strengthening of the internal organs and muscles,
aim of physical education must be to make every which in turn boosts the immune systenn and protects
child physically, mentally and emotionally fit and
from degenerative diseases. As a sound mind is

also to develop in her/him such personal and social in a sound body, physical education classes thus
qualities which willhelp her/him to live happily with produce healthier students with sharper intellect.

others and build her/him up as a good citizen" The

aim of Phsical Education (PE)is the optimum and Neuromuscular Aspect of Development
wholesome development of students/individuals Physical movement is involved in the greater share
for complete well-being as well as optimum of our waking hours. We may feel that we do not
performance in sport competitions. On the other
do much while lying on the bed and reading a
hand, the objectives of PE include: to appreciate the novel; even the small task of flipping through
value of Physical Education, to develop interest
pages requires the nervous system to work with
in the
the discipline,to achieve optimum physical fitness
muscular system. Even sports and games such as
and health, to create awareness of movement,
tennis, badminton,boxing, cricket, etc. all rely on

development of organ systems, neuromuscular Neuromuscular

these two systems for coordination.
emotionaland social development,
coordination,
of physical education enhances their
aspect
motor skills, enjoyment and satisfaction,
to develop
in addition to gradually decreasing
relationship,
development of evaluative skills, interpretive and providing mental satisfaction.
fatigue
development, character building, remedial values,
optimum sports performance, effective citizenship MentalAspect of Development
and so on. For an in-depth study of these broad and
Sports and games require mental alertness
objectives, let us break them down further into five
concentration. There are rules and regulations
distinct categories.
to follow, techniques to explore and execute and

Organic Aspect of Development new trickS to discover. The players learn how to
face tough challenges and find within themselves
The first step of physical education is to establish
a sense of self-reliance. To keep up with the best,
physical fitness in two ways: (a) the body, as the eye
it also becomes vital to create a disciplined way of
living, in which wasteful and idle pursuits have no
Organic
place. Physical education classes help the students
aspect of
to employ their leisure time fruitfully.
development

Emotional Aspect of Development

Neuro
Social Adolescence is shown as a rough period in
muscular
aspect of Aims & literature and movies. And rightly it is the age
aspect of
development
Objectives development of conflicts. Teenagers suddenly find a variety of

of Physical emotions to deal with, for example, jealousy, fear,

Education loneliness, love, anger, pleasure, etc. Since the onset

of these intense emotions clashes with the start of

adulthood, they also feel a strong need to handle

Emotional Mental
them without parental supervision. Although this

aspect of aspect of easy

entire process is natural, it is dangerously to

development, development and

be attracted by extreme emotions. Depression

anger issues are common illnesses found among

Figure 1.2 Aims and objectives young students. Physical education activities serve
of physical education as a good outlet for their surplus energy, toreduce
 others are better equipped to lead. Many
sporting
activities function on certain social values

team spirit, fair play, cooperation and

respect.
These are honourable values for all
persons
possess.

DEVELOPMENT OF PHYSICAL
EDUCATION IN INDIA -POST
INDEPENDENCE
Physical education has always
Figure 1.3 Physicaleducation plays an been ingrained
important role in the into the culture of education
development of values in Indian history

like team and Almost every village had an akhara

spirit cooperation. (a
training
hall). Physical
their anxiety and may awareness (chintan) was
fitness
also
closer to bring them
their considered as important as meditation (dhyana)
Students get an opportunity to leave
peers.

the classrooms and and spiritualism (aatmik) for the

textbooks for a while and fullest growth
of the individual. After
refresh their body and mind. Independence,the subject
began to assume more importanceas a
formal part
Social Aspect of of academicsand was
Development inculcated into the general

One curriculum. To understand how it reached its

of the most positive
outcomes of physical present
education the
status, we can have a thorough study of
is
enhancement of social skills, the various steps that were taken by the Indian
although this may not be immediately visible.
Government with regard to the subject.
It human nature to seek the
is
company of fellow India made
human beings, no matter how well progress in all areas after gaining
we can act alone.
Besides, those independence in 1947,
who can empathise and adjust including physical
with education, with the introduction of numerous
Table 1.1 Different
types of playing
surfaces for outdoor and indoor sports.

OutdoorSports
1. Athletic Jogging Track IndoorSports
a. Clay and
Cinder: Combination 1. Courts
of fine ash, carbon
surface,comfortable and rock: softer
to run and jog. It
is difficult to
Made up of synthetic or
surface during rain, maintain an even
wind, etc. wooden
b.
surface, popular
Synthetic: Comprises
rubber particles for sports like badminton,
polyurethane, having asphalt
bound with latex or
or concrete as basketball, handball,
is used for base, synthetic etc.
layering of track; in rubber
modern sports, it is Courts are of two types:
performance. ideal for
running a. Wooden courts
2. Turf b.
Synthetic courts
a. Grass and Clay: Soft
surface, easier to
risk of run,
low-impact, reduces the
2. Multi Utility Games Arena
tough to
injuries,
b. Synthetic maintain and
requires high
As discussed in outdoor
Sports Flooring amount of care.
i.
Polygrass: Used as sports, multi-utility games
an alternative to
have officially grass, games
like
arena (MUGA) surfaces are
approved polygrass Football

.
multi-utility
and need low
sports at
institutions
maintenance.
Astroturf:Synthetic
Even surface,
sports
less friction,
for

flooring,
competitions. Used
and residential for
areas, durable

suitableforsports
the ball moves like hockey.
popular
facilities.

rubber,

absorbency,
at
Made
indoor

have greater
of
sports

synthetic

safe for wide

shock

c.
MUGA (Multi Utility faster. range of activíties.
Games Area): These surfaces are
playgrounds, Used for
recreationalareas, Kindergarten
fitness and outdoor gym easy to maintain. They are
floorings.
12 durable and safe.
schemes by Government of India. In l1948,
the 3. It laid down the minimum criteria of physical
the Government Physical Education
Central fitness for various age groups of students.
Committee, also known as the Tara Chand 4. On the recommendation of the board, the
Committec, was established by the government. central education ministry started scholarships
This committee recommended the estalblishment in the field of physical education for leadership,
of the Central Institute of Physical Education
training andresearch from 1950 onwards.
and Recreation and the improvement of sports 5. In 1951, the first Asian Games were held in
standards in India. Delhi and in 1953, the Health Minister of

India, Rajkumari Amrit Kaur, introduced the

Dr Tara Chand Committee 1948 » Coaching Scheme for games and sports to
Set-up theunder
chairmanship of eminent streamline coaching programs in India since
archacologistand historian Dr Tara Chand there were no professional coaching programs
to examine and improve physical education at that time. As a result, the National Institute

in India, the committee made the following of Sports (NIS)was established in 1961 at Moti
recommendations: Bagh, Patiala, Punjab, to produce qualified
train teachers coaches in various sports.
1. to in physical education and its

organisation, administration and recreation. 6. The Central Advisory Board of Physical

institute a postgraduate Education and Research itself was formally
2. to course of one year.
launched in 1954 to examine and execute the
3. to build training colleges, sports clubs,
gymnasiums, and akharasin different parts of
coordination of physical education programmes
and activities across the country.
the country.
In 1954, the All India Council of Sports was
In 1950, the Central AdvisoryBoard of Physical
established with the purpose of liaising between
Education was established with the purpose of
the Government and National Sports Federations
advising the government on physical education to assist in financial matters. Under the All India
issues. One of the board's significant objectives was
Council of Sports, State Sports Council and District
to make Physical Eduation a compulsory subject
Sports Council were established.
at the elementary, middle and senior secondary
levels.

the Central
To promote indigenousphysical
AdvisoryBoard of Physical
activities,

Education
All India Council of Sports 1954 »
All India Council of Sports was first constituted
developed the National Plan of Physical Education
and Recreation in 1956. in 1954 by the Union Ministry of Education
on the advice of Maulana Abul Kalam Azad to
bridge the gap between the various sports bodies
Central Advisory Board of Physical
of the country and the government. Its main
Education and Research 1950 >»»
objectives were:
Chaired by Dr Tara Chand, the board held its 1.to act as an advisory body to the government
first meeting on 19 March, 1950, to outline concerning all matters related to sports,

recommendations on types of programmes and including the preparation of financial assistance

recreational games for youth, make suggestions for sports bodies.

2. to various training centres and build

for syllabi at primary, secondary and university start

levels and to fix standards for qualification for stadiums, gymnasiums, swimming pools, etc.
the selection of teachers in relation to physical 3. to advise on policies related to participation of

cducation. The following contributions were made Indian players in international competitions.
for drug abuse
by the board: 4. to advise on preventive measures

1. The board suggested that the methods of and promotion of indigenous games.
of various sports
training of physical education be made different 5. to aid in the organisation
for boys and competitions and guide the Ministry of
girls.
Youth Affairs and Sports on matters referred
2. Rules for designing the syllabi ofcertificate and
diploma courses were outlined. specifically to it.
 In 1982, the Asian Games were held in
independence, in India,
Ten years after gaining
and Culture, which provided a significant boost to
1957, the Minister of Education sports
infrastructure and facilities. In 1984,the
College
Government of India, established the first Sports
Authority of India (SAI) was established
of Physical Education, the LakshmibaiCollege of under
the Department of Sports to maintain
Physical Education (LCPE), in Gwalior, Madhya and

Lakshmibai College properly

utilise the sports intrastructure
Pradesh. In 1973, the built

for the Asian Games. SAI has two

of Physical Education was renamed the Lakshmibai objectives: to

NationalCollege of Physical Education (LNCPE).

promote sports and achieve sports excellence a
In 1995, the LNCPE became the Lakshmibal the national and international levels. In 00

the Society for National Institutes of

National Institute of Physical Education (LNIPE) Physical

with the status of Deemed University' for the Education and Sports (SNIPES) merged with

central government. the Sports Authority India (SAI) to

of
promote
In 1958, the Ministry of Education established
and develop sports awareness among people
the Sports and Youth Welfare Department to
The XIX Commonwealth Games 2010 wevs
promote physical education in India. The Ministry conducted in New Delhi. The National Education
of Education sponsored .the National Physical Policy 2020 and the National Curriculum
Efficiency Drive to evaluate the physical fitness Framework (School Education)2023 also strongly

status of people in India in 1959. The National emphasises including sports and physical education
Fitness Corps was established in 1965 with the as a part of the curriculum.
objective of making the youth physically strong.
In1970-71, the Rural Sports tournamentscheme CHANGING TRENDS IN SPORTS
was introduced by the government to involve
PLAYING SURFACE, WEARABLE
rural youth and spot natural talent in various
sports. The
Sports Talent Search Scheme was
GEARS AND SPORTS EQUIPMENT,
launched 1970-71to promote sportspersons at
in TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENTS
the state and national levels. The National Sports

Championship was started in 1975 to enhance Playing Surfaces >

women'sparticipation in sports.
Many of today's most popular sports have been
around for centuries. Looking at what they did
with their surfaces back then is a fantastic
place

to start. Sports surfaces have evolved along

with the advancement of techniques, skills, and
technological advancements. The use of various
playing surfaces denotes the technical standard
and now it dominates the nature of the
game. For
example,the game of tennis was started on gras
court and later various surfaces like hard
court

clay court and artificial grass were used.

Tournaments like Australian and US Open ae
played on hard courts, the French Open is playeu
on clay court, and the Wimbledon is played o
grass court. Accordingly, the nature of the gameD
also different in these grand slam tournamentS.
Various surfaces are
used in other sports
cemented courts used in
and acrylic courts
basketball, badminton, as
Figure 1.4 2018,the CBSE launched
In etc. which are considered
Physical hard and all-weather
Education as a compulsory outdoor surface. For indoor
subject in class lIX to
XIl, mainstreaming games like volleyball, basketball and other similar
health and physical
education. ,
games, wooden surface is used
for thee construction
14
 Carpet Clay Hard Grass

Figure 1.5 Different types of tennis courts

of the courts. For games like gymnastics, karate, There are various gears used in sports to collect
judo, wrestling, where balance, stability
etc. data related to training, research, performance
and safety are prominent, rubber mattresses of assessment, etc. These smart wearable gears assist

various thickness are used toprepare the playing both amateurand professional athletes in tracking
arena. their training progress and sporting successes,
The most prominent example of playing surface monitoring their health, and avoiding injuries
dominating and impacting any game is field hockey. during games and practices. Wearable electronics,
Till the time, hockey was played on natural turf, such as fitness bracelets, sensors integrated into
India used to dominate the game with all skills. athletes' equipment or clothing, or sensors placed
But the introduction of artificial turf in 1976 has throughout the gym or playing field, assist in
made the game faster and fitness dominating. collecting a large amount of data on various

Since then, India is struggling to get back its lost categories, storing it in the cloud, and analysing

glory in field hockey. it for use by team managers, coaches, advertisers,

Wearable Gears » and other stakeholders.

Sports gears are mostlyworn to ensure basic safety DID YOU KNOW?
related to the game/sport. Sports injury is the only
During the FIFA VWorld Cup 2022, a few players
limitation for the players to sustain their sports
were spotted on the field wearing masks similar
performance. So, all the respective sports have to Batman.The masks worn by the players were
their minimum requirement of wearing sports hi-tech protective devices made from materials
gears as laid down in their regulations. Extra safety like carbon fibres and polycarbonates. Carbon
gears can be used by the players as and when fibres are thin filaments of graphite with very
required under the jurisdiction of their respective high tensile strength and high resistance to wear
federations/associations. Other purposes rather and tear and are often used in face masks and
to
than and performance are monitoring and
safety sports helmets. Polycarbonates are also used
make some masks. They protect athletes who
judgement (GPS) and for aesthetics purpose.
had sustained facial injuries
The material used to manufacture the gears
ensuring they could play
depends on the tentative and nature of impact
on without risking further
during the game or practice session. Few common
damage.Some of these masks
sports gears used are: Batting/kipping gloves,
were 3-D printed to exactly fit
pads, helmets/head gears used in various sports, each
a scan of the contours of
shin/abdominal guards, caps used in various joints face.
footballer's
knee caps, etc,

15
 Sports Equipment »» helmets, and guards used in various
various playing sports.
introduction of
surfaces .The
Many of the sports we participate in have their isalso
reflection of technological advancements the
origin around centuries back, yet they nolonger
Technological advancementhas
look the same as they did hundreds of years ago. also
madethe
The sports cquipment are the reflection of the
officiating field very easy and
Technologies like LED lights
non-controversial
used
technological advancementsand research done in
in that sports. As the stumps, Infra-red technology (Hot cricket
level of the gamne changes, Spot),
technology (VAR-Video Assistant video
equipment are also updated accordingly. For
laser technology have given an
Referee), 3D
example, the cricket bat, tennis rackets, size of alternate
to the officials for giving a perfect
system
basketball and football,etc. are different according
Another example is from football
judgement,
to the age groupof the players. Nowadays,training wherein
the 2020 season onwards, virtual
since
reviews
equipment are also different according to the level
the game. In system
has changed the nature of
of the players. This ensures safetyand fast learning the
Premier
League andat every level of the
andadaptation. Forexample, use ofvarious coloured in what FIFA calls it
ChampionsLeague
as a game-changing
tennis rubber balls having different density and decisione

perfection has been achieved in the

weight during training helps the learner to gain legality of
goals, penalties, red cards and offsides. GATES
more confidence and technical learning.Research
laser or touch sensors are used toget the accurate
and technology have also helped to create, produce
time, thus eliminates rounding
and test new features for hockey sticks, improved
errors.

At athletic events, technology has

aerodynamic cycling helmets, flame-resistant F1 enhanced

racing outfits, and many more equipment. Use the accuracy, enjoyment, and experiences of

of advance sports equipment both participants and spectators. During

also ensures better track race,

performance with adequate picture finish technology takes 3,000

skills. For example, photographs
per second. This has made easy for
steel, aluminium or aluminium alloy javelins are it officials to

used by the advance athletes to ensure highest

decide and declare the winners even during dose
finish.
of performance. Beginners are also
level
seen using
Biomechanical and movement analysis
wooden, bamboo or even javelin made of different software are live video of sports events to analyse

material to learn the basic techniques

the movements of athletes. Sensors,
develop and force plates,

interest in the event. In the international football, etc. are used to measure the ground reaction forces
the players demonstrate high
level of skills. So, the
generated by an athlete body during movements.
balls are also designed with light materials like Hawk-Eye System
polyurethane (PU)skin featuringmicroand macro
textures and
new 20-piece panel shape which
a Hawk-Eye System employs six to seven very

has the potential of demonstrating powerful cameras which are fixed at various
high level of
mechanics. That is why, the ball if hit positions of the stadium to track and get the clear
with correct
view of theball from different angles in games
force,point and with perfect angle shows
technical
cricket, football, tennis, and
aerodynamicmovements. etc. This powerful

strong combination ensures that no shot is missed

to be
tracked by it. 3-D animation
Technological Advancements »>
It also provides
of the path of the ball.
Technological advancements dominated the more
In total, technology has made sports
sporting extravaganza. Technologynot only helps for the
technical,
in introducing
spectacular and precise
new equipment, gears, sports-persons, Coaches,
playing spectators, officials,
surface and introducingadvance techniques trainers, researchers and
of others.
skills but it also makes any sport more
spectacular
on the field and off the field. It is technology only
that has given the Art Integration
advance equipment and gears
like: improved
hockey sticks, cricket bats, rackets, Using old
prepare
clothes and sewing kit,

improved balls in cricket, protective

etc.
basketball, football, gear like knee pads, elbow pads,

16
 colleges or in universitiesand teacher educators

in colleges of physical education and university

departments of PE.

The levels of study for physical education

after Class 12th can be broadly categorised as
follows:

Certificate Courses: These courses can be taken

for a duration of one year after the student has
passed 12th in any stream. List of certificate courses
include:

o Aerobics • Yoga and Yoga Science

• Naturopathy • Yoga andNaturopathy

Diploma Courses: These courses can be taken
has
for a duration of two years after the student

passed 12th in any stream. List of diploma courses

include:

• Aerobics •Yoga Teacher Training

Figure 1.6 Hawk-Eye technology * Yoga and Physical Education

*Yoga • Physical Education
CAREER OPTIONS IN PHYSICAL • Special Olympics
* Fitness

EDUCATION Degree Courses: These courses can be taken for

of three years after the student has

a duration
Though physical fitness has been a priority in our
education passed 12th in any stream. List of degree courses
culture since ancient times, the physical
the latter
include:
as a discipline was introduced in
subject

half of the twentieth century. The Government * Bachelor of Arts (Programme) Sports and

of India made various efforts after consultation Performance

with expert committees to turn the subject into an * Bachelor of Physical Education and Sports

indispensable part of a youth's formative

Physical
years.
Education are
• Bachelor of Physical Education (Four Year
few career options
A in
Course after 12th)
as follows:

The National Council of Teacher Education

• Bachelor of Science Exercise Physiology

(NCTE) recognises only three courses for Physical

Education Teachers for schools in India.

1. Diploma in Physical Education (DPEd): This

Physical Education Teachers
course prepares
for Classes I to VIII.

2. Bachelor of Physical Education (BPEd):This

Physical Education
course prepares teachers of
Classes VI to X and
for taking theory classes in

Education activities for

conducting Physical
Classes XI-XII.

3. Master of Physical Education (MPEd): This

course can be pursued after completing BPEd.
Education Teachers for
t prepares Physical
teachers emphasise
Classes XI-XII. It is also meant for preparing Figure 1.7 Physical education
motor skills and playing games.
assistant professors/ directors/ sports officers in onlearning
 such as jumping,running,climbing, etc. This
• Bachelor of Science
in Physical Education
succeeds in reducing
the subject to its onty

• Bachelor of Science in

and Sports
Physical
Sciences
Education,
function
Such
and
a
ignores
lack of
the diverse

seriousness
benefits
simplest
it
can
Health Education bring. hampers
the
Various master level Iof students who can achieve:alot
Postgraduate Courses: potential with the

universities in Now, CBSE has made

by diferent right kind of training.
courses are offered Health

and Physical Education mandatoryfor

India. They are as follows: Classes I

XII. The
mandate document of NEP
to 2020 also
MBA in Sports Management Education is important
• MTech in Sports Technology
states that Physical
l and mental health
and
forboth
development ofthe
• Master of Arts in Physical Education
physical
children.

• Master of Arts in Sport and Exercise Psychology Middle School:From this stage onwards, physical

+ Master of Arts in Yoga education is given the importance it deserves in

• Master of Journalism and Mass Communication Indian

of
education,
urban areas
particularly
that are CBSE
in public
The
schools

(Specialisation- Sports Journalism) affiliated. syllabi

• Master of Physical Education and Sports

courses
for Classes

Educational
VI,

qualifications
VII and VIII

sought are
are

10
separate.

+ 2 (in
Postgraduate Diploma Courses: These

can be taken for a duration of one year after the a subject of physical education) plus a DPE.
That said, CBSE instructs schools to involve their
student has passed any recognised degree:
science teachers to help cover the syllabus.
* Adventure Sports Administration

• Disability Sports * Fitness Management High School: Job opportunities are available in

• Sports Coaching * Sports Journalism greater numbers at this level, as the subject becomes

more significant. The syllabus is divided clearly

• Sports Management * Sports Nutrition into theory and practical lessons and handled by

• Yoga Education specialised teachers and coaches. Dependingupon

Other research-oriented courses like Master of the strength of the school, more than one physical
Philosophy (MPhil) and Doctorate of Philosophy education teacher is employed. The required
(PhD)in physical education are offered by various educational qualification is graduation from any
universities in India.
recognised university, with a postgraduate diploma
Now students who have an affinity for the in the subject or BPEd.
subject enjoy a wide array of career
options to
choose from,may it be teaching, Senior Secondary School: In order to teach
training, coaching,
playing sports or writing books. physical education to senior secondarystudents, a

person should have a postgraduate degree in the

Teaching »»> subject from a recognised university or instius

As physical education is also offered as an optional
Teaching physical education is just as
rewarding subject andteachers are of
as instructing students in giventhe responsibility
other disciplines. The Preparing the school teams for tournaments and
teacher has the benefit of
giving both academic strictly
competitions, these eligibility criteria are
knowledge and physical health. observed.
However, this
career is still in its
initial stage in India.
Regardless is
of the subject's College
inclusion into the overall and University: A master's degree
curricula,
many schools have still necessary in addition to clearing the UGC-NET
not taken any steps to
formally recognise it (National education
as a separate
discipline. In Eligibility Test) in physical
countless cases,
teachers of other conducted by the (NTA)
subjects are National Testing Agency
asked to teach for teaching university
the physical the subject at colleges. For
education subject as
well, especially level, books
at the PhD degrees along
of
elementary and primary with publishing
levels. This may

students in these
partly be due to

levels,
the fact that for
the activities
and papers
extra
are preferred. MPhil degree : also
has its

are basic weightage in teaching. Here, the professional

basic
courses offered
are extensive in variety:
 A
updated on latest rules and techniques; has the

crucial role of boosting the players' confidence and

leading them to the path of victory. She/he must
also communication skills. As such,
have strong
a coach usually faces a lot of pressure. Only those
who are ready to take on the challenges of the long
hours of practice and review are best fitted for the

job.
Job opportunities for aspiring coaches are
available at schools, colleges, state and central

departments of sports, professional teams, sports

Figure 1.8 Effective coaching helps in developing
clubs, Nehru Yuva Kendra, etc. It is compulsory
skills and improving performance.
to obtain a diploma or a certificate degree in the

certificate and diploma courses, BPEd, MPEd, specific sports, which are available in advanced

certificate course in Yoga, BSc in Physical institutes like Netaji Subhas National Institute of
Education, etc. College level teachers have the Sports (NSNIS), Patiala and affiliated regional
additional task of instructing students in research colleges.

methodology, test and measurement, sports

psychology, sports sociology, sports biomechanics, Personal Trainer »

sports medicine, exercise physiology, organisation

With increased awareness of health issues and
and administration, etc. Theyy also have to train the
appreciation for healthier lifestyle, more and more
students for participation in sports events.
people are willing to take out time from their
Teaching physical education is a science in
daily routine to devote to physical fitness. Gyms
its own right, including a number of duties such as:
and weight control clubs are opening up in many
• training students in gymnastics, callisthenics
corners of the country and not just in the urban
and other physical activities
areas. Those who can afford,hire personal trainers
* coaching the students specific in sports to improvetheir health and physique in the best

* organising sporting events possible way. Hypertension, obesity and diabetes

* maintaining sports equipment, gymnasiums, are some of the diseases that plague the unhealthy.
Apart from the desire to prevent such illness, we
fields, pools, etc.
live in an age of polished outward appearance.
Therefore, a thorough awareness of the subject
commit oneself to minor details Everybodywants to look slim and in shape.
and willingness to
To be a successful trainer, one needs more than
are important if one chooses to pursue teaching
certificates ofeducational qualification and a good
physical education as a career.
grasp of proper nutrition. She/he must also be
physically fit herself/himself. Whether it is body
Coaching »»» and control, aerobics or
building, weight reduction

Those who already have the basic educational yoga, trainees aremore likely to seek the guidance
qualifications also have the option of becoming of someone whom they can look up to as an
coaches by first obtaining specialised training in inspiration.
One career option in this field is that of an
whichever field of sports they like. Coaching is
slightly different from teaching as it places deeper athletic trainer. Although it is not yet as popular in

A coach India as it is in western countries, athletic trainers

focus on the practical side of things.

not only trains her/his players to be physically complement the job of coaches in professional

fit and skilled, she/he also instils in them mental sports. They specialise in sports-related injuries

courage and team spirit. She/he looks for potential and look after the affected sportspersons'
rehabilitation. Taking into consideration the huge
players, drills them to perfection by observing
sports industry of our country, athletic training
and analysing their performanceand gives them
positive criticism. Shefhe keeps herself/himself should be encouraged.
 a certified state or national level
Professional Sportsperson » official.
eligibility criterion is different for The
A skilled player always has the option of becoming umpires and referees;in this case, international
the
a full- fledged profesional sportsperson. She/ internationalsports body should issue the concerned
he wins awards for the country and earns high One can chooseto be a full-time
certificate,
official
or
salaries from endorsements and victories. Sachin job. In India, take
it up as a part-time since
the
Tendulkar, MS Dhoni,Virat Kohli, Saina Nehwal, of sports competitions and tournaments
number
heldeach
Mary Kom and Dipa Karmakar are some examples year is comparatively lesser, most
officials
work
of contemporary famous personalities whose part-time. Interested college students can
also
success stories we are familiar with. Both public freelance as a sports official, provided they
have
and private sectors also provide attractive job full knowledgeof the game.
opportunities to the best performers. Defence and
Railways are two big employers of sportspersons. Sports Administration »»
No one, however, turns into a

Sports industry as a whole is a huge business; the

profesional sportsperson overnight.
need for trained individuals is growing to run and
The first step is identifying which
sport one is most skilled at.
manage it. Since sports administration is carried

The second is to devote hours out by both public and private sectors,there are a

to practice under an able trainer fairly large number of job opportunities available.

or a coach, and develop one's 1. Plenty of colleges and universities offer courses

physique accordingly with related to physical education. Other than

an appropriate diet. The teachers or clerical staff, a chairman or a head

third is to
compete of the department takes on the role of chief

and gain recognition. administrator. Selection is usually done on the

Only a disciplined and basis of seniority.

courageous attitude
2. Directors of Sports are also appointed to
towards life can help oversee sports programmes,with the help from
aspiring sportspersons Assistant Directors at the universities. The
Figure 1.9 Virat Kohli achieve their goal.
Director of Sports handles the supervision of

Examples of sports in which India has excelled coaches and assistant coaches, fixes timelines

include cricket, badminton, boxing, wrestling, of competitions, arranges selection of officials,

weightlifting, lawn tennis, etc. Though Indian and oversees the logistics involved in organising

players show potential in other sports too such as sports events. She/he also prepares the sports
hockey, football, basketball, gymnastics and table budgets.
tennis. Lack of interest from the sponsors and
3. District Sports Officers are appointed at the
authorities have lowered the players' chances. Apart
district level. Under their leadership, coaches
from these international sports, kabaddi, kho-kho, and other sports officials function.
mallakhamba, etc. are traditional popular sports.
4. A Director for Industrial Recreation is also

employed by multinational and national

Sports officiating and Umpiring »»
companies to handle recreational and sports
Without sports officials and umpires, sports programmes for employees. The purpose o
competitions and events cannot be conducted such programmes is the p of health
promotion
successfully. They maintain rules and regulations and well-being of the employees so that they

and ensure that the games are played in a fair

remain fit and productive. She/he is usually
and professional manner. For many
professional qualified professional who plans and makes
sportspersons, it is easier to switch over to some arrangements for the activities, sets up tean
official work once their active sports career has and oversees the competitions.
come to an end. Still, a certificate of training from another
5. Sports Facilities Management is
a recognised institute is required to work as administration related which is slowly
career

2
 gaining attention. The facility managers manage
fitness centres, gyms, health clubs, stadiums,
sports complexes, skating rinks, swimming
pools, etc. She/he may either work alone or have
assistants helping her/him to un the centre,
She/he keeps the equipment in good condition
and ensures the safety of all those who come
to the facility. Some managers take classes and

supervise individual workout in addition,

Working at Sports Authority of

Figure 1,10Sports physiotherapists help an
India »
athlete recover from sporting injuries,
The Sports Authority of India (SAI) offers a range of
prepare such diets,but also to take care of injuries
job opportunities for those prepared totake on the
challenges and different levels of pressure. Some of that may occur during games.

the assets they look for in their senior officers are

knowledge of games and sports, ability to prepare
Sports Marketing »

sports policies, budgets and guidelines, ability to Sports marketing is the promotion of sporting
plan and execute sporting activities, ability to find events and sports teams and sale of products
out and examine the various needs and limitations through the events andteams. The products on sale
in current training methods and facilities, etc, may be goods,services, or a brand name and the
Their duties include: promotional activities may include broadcasting,

1. coordination of activities within the organt advertising, being active on social media, ticket
sation in collaboration with the staff. salesand community relations. For actívities such
2. organisation of meetings, conferences, seminars as broadcasting and advertising, a background in
etc. advertising and public relations may be required

3. liaison with local, regional and national in addition to being well-versed with sports. One
councils, aswell as marketing and media bodies. can also get employment as a sales representative

for sports goods, for which it is important to

4. management of budgets, raising sponsorships
authorities for
know the products inside out and have sharp
and giving presentations to
communication skills. It can prove useful to do
release of grants and financial aids.
courses in business management and accounting.
5.encouraging colleges to develop sports culture.

6. taking active participation in resolution

of
political and ethical issues and conflicts of Extension Activity
interests among organisational partners.
Carry out a research on sports
7.preventing the use of banned substances. marketing techniques, benefits,
8. monitoring sporting activities and making sure impact and challenges. Organise a
that the rules and regulations are being strictly lecture on this topic in your class.
followed.

9. publishing sports literature. Sports Journalism »»

Sporting events take place frequently and are
Sports Medicine » written about in newspapers and magazines in

detail. A sports journalist observes the matches

The overall well-being of sports players is the top
and competitions closely, analyses the reasons
Priority of any sporting activity or event. That
behind the victories and defeats, assesses the
15 why, players are advised to follow strict diets
suitable for their chosen sports, A performance of the players and puts it all into
professional
words for the information of readers. Other
trained in sports medicine is qualified not only to

21
 interest in photography
sports follow in their and
than coverage and feature articles, a
source by turn
into a serious income
live
it
working full
journalist may write about any topic related
time for newspapers and magazines or
also

Good writing skills are needed in this

to sports. who is already freelancing
for them. A person
familiar
career, so is a comprehensive knowledge of the with
education, particularly
game and the willingness to go the extra mile and physical biomechanics,
can capture the best angles of the
conduct research and gather related statistical playersin
action. Furthermore, she/he should take
data and historical facts. Although not obligatory, courses

in photography and practice as much aspossible

background in sports psychology, sports physio in
order to become a professional in this field
logy and other sub-disciplines is an attractive asset
for this career.
Publication and Authorshipsse
Sports Broadcasting »> of Books »»
Much like sports journalism, sports broadcasting
To increase awarenessof health issues and to make
brings the games to those who are unable to
physicaleducation and allied subjects an important
watch them in person. Broadcasting is conducted
discipline, the youth and the public in general need
through media such as radio, television and cable.
books of high standard. Those who want to be
Nowadays,the Internet is also used as a platform for
authors and editors should equip themselves with
broadcasting and matches can be watched live on
academicknowledgeofthe subject. For editors, the
mobile phones. A person interested in this business
job additionally includes finding out the demand
should be knowledgeable when it comes to the
of the market and the comparative values of books
rules of the game, including those of officiating or
available. Those in sales are tasked with doing
refereeing and should be able to translate the whole
event minute by minute to viewers and listeners.
promotionof the product so that more people
A background in physical education helps while
buy it. The sub-disciplines on which books may be
written and published are:
studying the physiological aspects of the game.
A well-informed and talented broadcaster adds 1. Physical education and sports: their foundation,
an ingredient of excitement to the event. To gain current scenario in India, future prospects of

experience before applying for the job, one can physical education and sports, etc.

practice one's skills by participating in college or 2. Sports physiology, sports medicine, sports
local events as an announcer or commentator. psychology, sports sociology, sports manage
ment, sports training methods, sports
Sports Photography » etc.
history,

For those who havea strong passion for the camera,

3. Physical education statistics.
sports photography a career option.
is They get to
4. Measurement and evaluation in physical
education.

5. Kinesiology and biomechanics in sports and

physical education.

6. Textbooks on fundamentals of physical

education.

KHELO-INDIA PROGRAM AND

FIT-INDIA PROGRAM

Khelo-lndia Program >

Khelo-India is a
national for the
program
development of the
Figure 1.11 Sports of sports.
photography has created It is an initiative

new opportunities for students. Government of India to the sports

strengthen
ecosystenm by mass
encouraging participation
 10.Promotion of Sports amongst People with
Disabilities

KHELO Sports for Peace and Development

INDIA

1.
12. Promotion of Rural and Indigenous/Tribal
Games

Figure 1.12 is not only about

Khelo-lndia
Features of Khelo-India Program
winning medals, an effort to give strength
it is

to mass movement for playing more. 1. This programme/scheme will be implemented

by the Central Government machinery and
and promotion of excellence. This program has 100 per cent of the funds will be provided by
been introduced to revive the sports culture in the central government.
India at the grass-root level by building a strong 2. Itis a Pan Indian Sports Scholarship scheme,
framework for all sports in India. It will provide which would cover 1,000 most talented and
a national level platform to the grass-root level
deserving young athletes every year across
talents.
selected sports disciplines. Initially, there were
Sports is an extremely important component 16 disciplines. They were: Archery, Athletics,
for the overall developmentof our nation. India, in
Badminton, Basketball, Boxing, Football,
the last few years, has made steady progress in the
Gymnastics, Hockey, Judo, Kabaddi, Kho-Kho,
field of sports. This tremendous potential needs to
Shooting,Swimming, Volleyball, Weightlifting
be shown at a global platform. It is time we inspire and Wrestling. In 2021, fourth Khelo-India
young talent and give them the best infrastructure
Youth Games held in Haryana witnessed 25
and high quality training. We need to inculcate a
disciplines.
strong spirit of participation in sports that would 3. Each selected athlete under the scheme shall
enable players to demonstrate their true potential.
receive an annual scholarship worth five lakh
Playing sports makes us fit, promotes team
rupees for eight consecutive years.
spirit, and develops strategic and analytical
4.A long-term athlete development pathway
thinking, leadership skills, goal setting and risk
would be made availablefor gifted and talented
taking
youngsters to excel in competitive sports
approved by the Union Cabinet, Khelo
Being
and this scheme will create a pool of highly
India Program has been revamped after the merger
competitive athletes who can compete to win
of Rajiv Gandhi Khel Abhiyan (RGKA), Urban
at the global platform.
Sports Infrastructure Scheme (USIS) and National
5. The programme aims to promote 20
Sports Talent Search Scheme (NSTSS).
universities across the country as centres

Objectives of Khelo-India Program of sporting excellence, which would enable

talented sportspersons to pursue both studies
The objectives of Khelo-India Program are as
as well as sports.
follows:
6. The programme also aims at creating an active
1. Play Field Development
population with healthy lifestyle.
Community CoachingDevelopment
The programme would cover about 20 crore
2.
7.
3. State Level Khelo-India Centres
children in the age group of 10-18 under a
4. Annual Sports Competition drive, which
massive national physical fitness

5.Talent Search and Development will not only measure the physical fitness of
6. Utilisation and Creation/Upgradation of Sports all children in the age group, but also support
Infrastructure their fitness-related activities.

7. Support to National/Regional/State Sports 8. The power of sport in promoting gender equity

Academics and social inclusiveness is also fully recognised

8. Physical Fitness of School Children and special measures are provided to achieve
9. Sports for Women these objectives.
 To encourage indigenous sports.
strives to raise the standards
9. The programme
• make fitness reach every
at the school and college To school,
of competition, both etc.
collegel
access to organised university, panchayat/village,
levels, to have maximum

• To create a platform fIndiato

for citizens ofI
sports competitions. share
user-friendly information, drive awareness and
10. also incudes the use latest

of
It encourage
fitness stories.
sports promotion sharing of personal
technology in all aspects of
providing sports Movement aims to
such as, use of mobile apps for The Fit-India put the
Search portal
training: National Sports Talent country on a fitness and wellness path. It
offers a
interactivewebsite for
for talent identification;
once-in-a-lifetime opportunity tocontribute t

sports;GIS-based information system for and

local
healthier India. Individuals organisationsCan
etc.
locating and using sports infrastructure, the movement by taking efforts
participate in for

This programme strives to promote'Sports for and well--being, as

11.
their personal health welll asthe
All'as well as 'Sports for Excellence' health and well-being of fellow Indians.
12. Khelo-India School Games are a part of the

Khelo-India Program. The systematic long Fitness Pledge

term approach of this program will certainly
devote time for
"I promise to myself that I will

mark a new dawn for the world of sports in India.

physical activity and sports every day and I will

encourage my family members and neighbours to

Fit-India Program »»>
be physically fit and make India a fit nation."
Fit-India Movement was
Fitness Mantra
launched
Minister of India

August
by

2019
the

(National
Prime
on 29 FiT
INDIA Fit-India Mission encourages people to become
partof Fit-India Movement by including at least
Sports Day) with the goal
Figure 1.13 The Fit 30-60 minutes of physical activities in their day
of making fitness a part
India Program logo to-day lives.
of our everyday life. The
movement's goal is to change people's habits and Fitness Protocols and Guidelines
encourage them to adopt a more physically active
lifestyle.
Fit-India has started many campaigns to promote
and spread awareness on fitness. These activities can

Objectives of Fit-lndia Program be undertaken to ensure that fitness reaches every

Fit-India plans to pursue numerous school, college/ university,panchayat/village, etc.

projects
and holds events in order to attain the following Fitness protocols for different age groups have

objectives: been laid down keeping different parameters

•To promote fitness as easy, funand free.

in mind. Age-Appropriate Fitness Protocols

•To spread awareness on fitness and various

will enable
conducted by schools
Physical Fitness
and
Assessments

parents
tobe
to monitor
physicalactivities that promotefitness through and track the fitness and health indicator of
focused campaigns.
each child.

SUMMARY
1. The primary goal of physical
education is to increase the student's
physically fit by including physical productivity by keeping her/him
activity programmes as part of the
curriculum.
2. As sound bodies create sound minds, physical with
education classes produce students
sharper intellects. healthier
 3. Physical education activities serve as a goodoutlet for students' surplus energy, reduce their anxiety
and may bring them closer to their peers.

4 One of the most important positive outcomes of physical education is the growth of social skills,

although it may not be immediately visible.

s All lndia Councilof Sports was first constituted in 1954 by the Union Ministry of Education on the advice
of Maulana Abul Kalam Azad to bridge the gap between the various sports bodies of the country and
the government.

6 The mind of the student is stimulated by both the process of physical exertion and the absorption of
knowledge which give extensive insight into the subject as a whole.

7. Physical education is recognised as an indispensable part of the school curriculum because of its many
faceted benefits.

8. Technology not only helps in introducing new equipment, gears, playing surfaces and introducing
advance techniques of skills but it also makes any sport more spectacular on the field and off the field.

9. Sachin Tendulkar, MS Dhoni, Virat Kohli, Saina Nehwal and Mary Kom are some examples of contemporary
famouspersonalities whose success stories we are familiar with.

10. Khelo-India is a national program for the development of sports. It is an initiative of the Government
of India to strengthen the sports ecosystem by encouraging mass participation and promotion of
excellence.

11. The Fit-India Program aims to put the country on a fitness and wellness path by offering a once-in-a

lifetime opportunity to contribute to a healthier India.

EXERCISES

A. Objective Type/Multiple-Choice Questions

Multiple-Choice Questions:
L.
1. What is the primary goal of physical education?

(a) Increase productivity (b) Decrease productivity

(c) Improve academic scores (d) Improve professionalrelationships

2. What kind of a system do sports and games rely on and why?

(a) Two systems for coordination (b) Two systems for balance

(c) Two systems for concentration (d) Two systems for endurance

3. When was the Central Advisory Board of PhysicalEducation established?

(a) 1947 (b) 1948

(c) 1950 (d) 1956

4. What was the objective of the Coaching Scheme introduced by Rajkumari Amrit Kaur?

(a) To establish National Institute of Sports

(b) To encourage Indian youth to participate in games and sports

(c) To streamline coaching programs in India

(d) To liaison betweenGovernment and National Sports Federations

5. Which event motivated Indian youth to participate in games and sports at the international level?

(a) First College of Physical Education (b) National Physical Efficiency Drive

(c) Asian Games (d) Sports Talent Search Scheme

 Sports tournament
scheme introduced bythe
purpose of the Rural government?
What was the

6.
physical activities
(a) To promote indigenous in India
fitness status of peoples
(b) To evaluate the physical sports
rural youth and
spot natural talent in different
(c) To involve
in sports
(d) To enhance
women participation
(LNIPE) is situated?
Institute of Physical Education
7. Where Lakshmibal National Patiala
(b)
(a) New Delhi
(d) Gwalior
(c) Bhubaneswar
was set-up in 1948, which is also knowe
8. Central GovernmentPhysical Education Committees
(b) Rajkumari Amrit Kaur Committee
(a) Tara Chand Committee
(d) NIS Committee
(c) Tara Prasad Committee

9. SAI Stands for

(b) Sports Academic of India
(a) Sports Appointment of India

(d) Sports Accreditation of India

(c) Sports Authority of India

is played on clay courts?

10. Which of the following tournaments,
(b) French Open
(a) Australian Open
(d) The Wimbledon
(c) US Open
Which of the following career options is associated with physical education?
11.

(b) Sports administration

(a) Sports marketing
(d) Allof these
(c) Professional sportsperson
a career option.
12. For those who have a strong passion for the camera, is

(a) Sports journalism (b) Sports photography

(c) Sports broadcasting 8D (d) Sports marketing

13. Which technology is used in the picture given alongside?

(a) GATE C(b) GPS

(c) Speedometer (d) VAR
14. Khelo-India is an initiative of the

(a) Government of Delhi (b) Government of UP

(c) Government of India (d) Government of Maharashtra

15. Khelo-India would cover most talented and deserving young athletes every year.

(a) 1000 (b) 2000

(c) 3000 (d) 4000
16. Khelo-India strives to promote.

(a) Sports for one'as well as Sportsfor all' (b) 'Sports for all' as well as 'Sports for excellence

tor
(c) 'Sports for one'as well as 'Sports for many' (d) 'Sports for development'as well as 'Sports

excellence'

17. How much annual scholarship shall each selected athlete receive under the Khelo-India Scheme
eight consecutive years?

(a) Two lakhs (b) Five lakhs

(c) Three lakhs (d) Eight lakhs

18. When was the Fit-india Movement launched?

(a) 29 August 2013 (b) 29August2016

(c) 29 August 2019
(d) 29 August2021
19. There is a picture given alongside. This is the logo of
(a) Khelo-India Program. (b) Fit-India Program.
(c) Khel-India Program. (d) Fitness India Program.

26
 following:
I. Match the
List I|- Full-form
List I- Acronym
(1) National Testing Agency
()PU
(2) National Councl of Teacher Education
(i) SAI

NCTE (3) Polyurethane

(ii)

NTA (4) Sports Authority of India

(iv)

Select the correct set of options:

(i)-(3), (i)-(4), (ii)-(2),(iv)--(1) (b) ()-(2), (i)–(4), (i)–(1), (iv)-(3)

(a)

(c) (i)-(1), (i)–(2), (ii)-(3),(iv)-(4) (d) (i)-(4), (i)-(3), (ii)-(2),(iv)-(1)

CBQ
I. Assertion-Reason Type Questions:
Given below are the two statements labelled Assertion (A) and Reason (R).

A: Sports and games are an integral part of human culture and social interactions.

R:A number of sports events and games are played around the world.

In the context of the two statements given above, which one of the following is correct?

(a) Both (A)and (R)are true and (R) is the correctexplanation of (A).

(b) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).

(c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.

(d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.

Data-Based Questions:
CBQ
IV.

The following pie chart depicts the number of people engaged in various career options related to

physical education:

The number of people engaged in various career

options related to physical education

Teaching/Coaching

Sports Administration

Professional Sportsperson

Sports Officiating and Umpiring

Sports Medicine

Sports Journalism/Broadcasting

On the basis of the pie chart given above, answerthe following questions:

1. Which is the most popular profession?

(a) Being a coach (b) Being an umpire

(c) Being a professional player (d) Being a journalist

2. Which profession showsminimum engagement?

(a) Journalism (b) Coaching

(c) Administration (d) Medicine

3. A school, college or academycan be a possible place of work for.

(a) Sports Teachers/Coaches (b) Sports Administrators

(c) Sports Doctors/Physicians (d) All of these

V. Picture-Based Questions:

Identify the professions in sports:

1. 2

3. 4.

CBo
VI. Case-Based Questions:

1. Aschool did not have sports periods as part of its curriculum.

On the basis of the case given,answerthe following questions:

(a) Which skills will most likely be missing in the students of such a school?

(b) If the school creates a sports department in future, what sort of employees will it require?

(c) is an important objective of physical education.

(d) A and ..PhysicalEducation Program must be an integral part of

school curriculums.

2. Look at the folowing figures and answer these questions.

FiT
INDIA
Figure A Figure B

(a) What does Figure A depict? Write one of its objectives.

(b) What does Figure B depict? Write one of its objectives.

(c) There were initially. disciplines under Figure A Program.

(d) Figure B Program was launched on by the Prime Minister of India.

B.Very Short Answer Type Questions
1. Define physical education.

What is the primary aim of physical education?

3 When was the National institute of Sports (NIS) established?

& What was the objective of the National Fitness Corps?

s What was the objective of the Rural Sports tournament scheme?

6 Give a list of career options in physical education.

7. What are some diploma courses in physical education that you can take up in India?

8. What is the duration of a certificate course in physical education in India?

s.Give examples of at least two skills needed to become a coach.

10. Mention two objectives of Khelo-India Program.

11. How many sports disciplines are covered under Khelo-India Program? Mention any two.

12. What is the fitness mantra of Fit-India Program?

c. ShortAnswer Type-l Questions

1. Mention the different categories of the broad objective of physical education.

2. What was the purpose of the Central Advisory Board of Physical Education?

3. What was the objective of the Coaching Scheme introduced by Rajkumari Amrit Kaur?

4. Mention the three courses for physical education teachers for schools in India recognised by the NCTE.

5. Write briefly aboutthe coaching career in physical education.

6. What are the different kinds ofjob opportunities available under sports administration?

7. Why do celebrities, models and sportspersons hire a personal trainer?

8. Mention any two career options in physical education.

9. What is Hawk-Eye Technology?

10. Briefly write about any two features of Khelo-India Program.

11. Write any two objectives of Fit-India Program.

12. What is the goal of Fit-India Program?

13. What isthe fitness pledge of Fit-India Program?

D. Short Answer Type-ll Questions

1. Create a mind map depicting the aims and objectives of physical education.

2. Why is physical education important for youth? Give any three reasons.

3. How is physical education different from academic classroom-based education?

4. When and where was the first College of Physical Education established?

5. What was the objective of the National Plan of Physical Education and Recreation?

6. What was the objective of the National Sports championship for women?
7. Write in brief about different wearable gears.

*. What are the basic educational qualifications required for pursuing a serious career in physical education
in India?

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 9. What are the duties involved in teaching physical education?yiowA
10. Make a table listing the various objectives of Khelo-India Program and Fit-India Program.

11. What is the Khelo-India Program?

12. Name the schemesthat have been merged and revamped as Khelo-india Scheme.

13. What are the different objectives of Fit-India Program? Mention any three.

E. Long Answer Type Questions

1. What are the various aspects of development achieved through physical education? Explain in detail

2. Discuss the various initiatives taken by the Government of India to promote physical education and

sports in India after independence.

3. What are the changing trends in sports in terms of playing surfaces?

4. Describe in detail about the changing trends in sports in terms of technological advancements.

5. Classify various playing surfaces in sports.

6. Make a table listing out the different courses available in physical education.

7. Discuss in detail about any five careers options available in physical education.

8. Write any five objectives of Khelo-India Program.

9. What are the features of Khelo-India Program? Write about any five.

10. What is Fit-india Program? How is it important for rural players of India?

11. Make a list of objectives, fitness pledge and fitness mantra of Fit-India Program.