MANUAL

For
CAD / CAM Laboratory

B.E Mechanical and Production

Mechanical Engineering Department

Muffakham Jah
College of Engineering and Technology
Banajra Hills, Road No.3, Hyderabad-500034

PREPARED BY

Mr. S. Irfan Sadaq

Assistant Professor, MED, MJCET
Dr. Ishrat Meera Mirzana
Professor, MED, MJCET

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 Course Outcomes
At the end of the course, the student

1. Will be able to draw isometric and orthogonal projections and sectional views of
various mechanical components.
2. Will be able to draw free hand sketches of various mechanical components
3. Will be able to understand the shape and structure of different types of joints, screws,
keys and Couplings
4. Will be sufficiently knowledgeable to use both the software and drafter to produce
assembly views of various mechanical components from part drawings.

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 List of Experiments:
I. Machine Drawing (AutoCAD):
1. Format of drawing sheet & title block,
2. Conventions of drawing lines and dimensions,
3. Convention for sectional views.
4. Simple machine elements.
5. Riveted and screwed fastenings.
6. Joints and coupling.

II. Assembly drawing (SOLIDWORKS/ CATIA/ PRO-E):

7. Connecting rod.
8. Eccentric.
9. Cross head.
10. Stuffing box.
11. Lathe Tool Post.
12. Revolving centre.
13. Pedestal bearing (Plummer block).
14. Screw Jack.

Note: The test is for the ability of the student to read and interpret drawing. The drawing
should include part list in standard format.

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 INTRODUCTION TO CAD/CAM

CAD/CAM is a term which means computer-aided design and computer

manufacturing. It is the technology concerned with the use of digital
computers to perform certain functions in designs and production. Thus
technology is moving in the direction of greater integration of design and
manufacturing, two activities which have traditionally been treated as
distinct and separate functions in a producing firm the computer systems
consist of the hardware and software to perform the specialized design
functions required by the particular user firm. The CAD hardware typically
includes the computer, one or more graphics display terminals, keyboards,
and other peripheral equipment. The CAD software consists of the computer
programs to implement computer graphics on the system plus application
programs to implement functions of the user company. Examples of these
application programs include stress-strain analysis of components, dynamic
response of mechanisms, heat transfer calculations, and numerical control
part programming. These factors give rise to differences in CAD system
requirements.

SOLID MODELLING (or modelling) is a consistent set of principles for

mathematical and computer modelling of three dimensional solids. Solid
modelling is distinguished from related areas of geometric modelling and
computer graphics by its emphasis on physical fidelity. Together, the
principles of geometric and solid modelling form the foundation of
computer aided design and in general support the creation, exchange,
visualization, interrogation, and annotation of digital models of physical
objects.

The use of solid modelling techniques allows for the automation of several
difficult engineering calculations that are carried out as a part of the design
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process. Simulation, planning and verification of processes such as
machining and assembly were one of the main catalysts for the development
of solid modelling. More recently, the range of supported manufacturing
applications has been greatly expanded to include sheet metal
manufacturing, injection moulding, welding pipe routing etc. Beyond
traditional manufacturing, solid modelling techniques serves as the
foundation for rapid prototyping, digital data archival and reverse
engineering by reconstructing solids from samples points on physical
objects, mechanical analysis using finite elements, motion planning and NC
path verification, kinematic and dynamic analysis of mechanisms, and so
on. A central problem in all these applications is the ability to effectively
represent and manipulate 3-D geometry in a fashion that is consistent with
the physical behaviour of real artefacts.

SOLID MODELLING METHODS

There are two basic methods used to create solid models. They are
Constructive Solid Geometry(CSG) methods, and Boundary
Representation(b-rep) methods.

CSG uses solid primitives (rectangular prisms, spheres, cylinders, cones,

etc) and Boolean operations (unions, subtractions, intersections) to create
the solid model. B-rep methods start with one or more wire frame profiles,
and create a solid model by extruding, sweeping, revolving or skinning
these profiles. The Boolean operations can also be used on the profiles
themselves and the solids generated from these profiles. Solids can also be
created by combining surfaces, which often have complex shapes, through a
sewing operation. This can be used for example, to create the body of an
aerodynamic vehicle such as an airplane, with its carefully designed wing
profiles. Further details on these two methods can be found in Zeid. These
two methods can often be combined in order to create the desired parts.
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Each of these methods has its limitations, and parts which are very difficult
to create using just one or te other method can be created much more easily
by using a combination of both methods. Thus most commercial solid
modelling systems are hybrids using both CSG and B-rep methods.

CAD PACKAGE

AutoCad is a software application for computer aided design and drafting.

The software supports both 2D and 3D formats. The software is developed
and sold by Autodesk. It was first released in December 1982 by Autodesk
in the year following the purchase of the first form of the software by
Autodesk founder, John Walker. AutoCAD is Autodesk’s flagship product
and by March 1986 had become the most ubiquitous microcomputer design
program in the world, utilizing functions such as polylines and curvefitting.
Prior to the introduction of AutoCAD, most other CAD programs ran on
mainframe computers or minicomputers, with each CAD operator (user)
working at a graphical terminal or workstation. According to Autodesk
company information, the AutoCad software is now used in a range of
industries, employed by architects, project managers and engineers, amongst
other professions, and as of 1994 there had been 650 training centres
established across the world to educate uses about the companies primary
products

AutoCAD LT

AutoCAD LT is the lower cost version of AutoCAD with reduced

capabilities, first released in November 1993. Autodesk developed
AutoCAD LT to have an entry level cad package to compete in the lower
price level. AutoCAD is priced at $495, became the first AutoCAD priced
below $1000. It is sold directly by Autodesk and can be also be purchased at
computer stores

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As of the 2011 release of the AutoCAD LTMSRP has risen to $1200. While
there are hundreds of small differences the full AutoCAD package and
AutoCAD LT, currently there are a few major recognized differences in the
software features

 3D capabilities: AutoCADLT packs lack the ability to create visualise

and render 3d models as well as 3D printing
 Network licensing: AutoCAD LT cannot be used on multiple
machines over a network
 Customization: AutoCAD LT does not support customization with
LIS,ARX and VBA
 Management and automation capabilities with sheet manager and
action recorder
 CSD standards management tools

CATIA( computer AideCAD three dimensional interactive application)

It is a multi- platform CAD/CAM/CAE commercial software suite

developed by the French company Dassault systems and marketed
worldwide by IBM. Written in the C++ programming language, CATIA is
the cornerstone of the Dassault Systems product lifecycle management
software suite.

The software was created in the late 1970’s and early 1980’s to develop
Dassaults mirage fighter jet, then was adopted in the aerospace automotive
shipbuilding and other industries.

CATIA competes in the CAD/CAM/CAE market with

SiemensNX,Pro/ENGINEER, Autodesk Inventor and SolidEdge

CATIA started as an in house development in 1977 by French aircraft

manufacturer Avions Marcel Dassault, at that time customer of the CADAM
CAD software
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Initially named CATI (Conception AssisteeTridimensionelle Interactive) it
was renamed CATIA in 1981, whenDassault created a subsidiary to develop
and sell te software, and signed a non-exclusive distribution agreement with
IBM

In 1984, the Boeing Company chose CATIA as its main 3D CAD tool,
becoming its largest customer

In 1988, CATIA version 33 was ported from mainframe computers to UNIX

In 1990, General Dynamics Electric Boat Corp chose CATIA as its main 3D
CAD tool, to design the U.S Navy Virginia class submarine

In 1992, CADAM was purchased from IBM and the next year CATIA
CADAM V4 was published. In 1996 it was ported from one to four UNIX
operating systems, including IBM AIX, Silicon Graphics IRIX, Sun
Microsystems SunOS, and Hewlett-Packard HP-UX

In 1998, an entirely rewritten version of CATIA, CATIA V5 was released,

with support for UNIX, Windows NT and Windows Xp since 2001

In 2008, Dassault announced and released CATIA v6. While the server can
run on Microsoft Windows, Linux or AIX, client support for any operating
system other than Microsoft Windows is dropped

Commonly referred to as a 3D product Lifecycle Management software

suite, CATIA supports multiple stages of product development (CAx), from
conceptualization, design (CAD), manufacturing (CAM) and engineering
(CAE)

CATIA can be customized via application programing interfaces (API). V4

can eb adapted in the FORTRAN and C programming languages under an
API called CAA. V5 can be adapted via the visual basic and C++

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programming languages, an AI called CAA2 or CAA v5 that is a component
model (COM) like interface

CAM PACKAGES

HYPERMESH

Altair Hyper Mesh is a high performance finite element pre and post-
processor for major finite element solvers, allowing engineers to analyse
design conditions ina highly interactive and visual environment.
HyperMesh’s userinterface is easy to learn and supports the direct use of
CAD geometry and existing finite element models, providing robust
interoperability and efficiency. Advanced automation tools within Hyper
Mesh allows the user to optimize meshes from a set of quality criteria,
change existing meshes trough morphing and generate mid surfaces from
models of varying thickness.

BENEFITS OF HYPERMESH

 Reduce time and engineering analysis cost through high performance

finite element modelling and post processing
 Reduce learning time and improve productivity with an inituitive user
interface and best in class functionality
 Reduce redundancy and model development costs through the diret
use of CAD geometry and existing file finite elements models
 Simplify the modelling process for complex geometry through high
speed, high quality auto mesing
 Broadest support of commercial solvers by providing direct interfaces
to a wide array of analysis codes ensuing the best code can be run for
specific situations
 Cost-effective pricing to deliver maximum functionality for your
software investment.
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CNC Software/Master cam

Founded in Massachusetts in 1983, CNC software Inc, is one of the oldest

developers of PC based computer aided design/computer aided
manufacturing (CAD/CAM) software. They are one of the first to introduce
CAD/CAM software designed for both machinists and engineers. Master
cam, CNC softwares main product, started as a 2D CAM system with CAD
tools that let machinists design virtual parts on a computer screen and also
guided computer numerical controlled (CNC) machine tools in the
manufacture of parts. Since then, Mastercam has grown into the most
widely used CAD/CAM package in the world. CNC software, Inc. is now
located in Tolland Connecticut.

Mastercams comprehensive set of predefined toolpath, including countour,

drill, pocketing, face, peel, mill, engraving, surface high speed, advanced
multiaxis, and many more- enable machinists to cut parts efficiently and
accurately. Mastercam users can create and cut parts using one of the many
supplied machine and control definitions, or they can use Mastercams
advanced tools to create their own customised definitions. Mastercam also
offers a level of flexibility that allows the integrations of 3 rd party
applications, called C-hooks, to address unique machine or process specific
scenarios

Mastercam’s name is a double entendre: it implies mastery of CAM, which

involves todays latest machine tool control technology; and it
simultaneously pays homage to yesterday’s machine tools control
technology by echoing the older term master cam, which referred to the
main cam or model that a traces followed.

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 CAE PACKAGES

ANSYS

ANSYS isa general purpose software, used to simulate interactions of all

disciplines of physics, structures, vibrations, fluid dynamics, heat transfer
and electromagnetic for engineers

So ANSYS, which enables to simulate tests or working conditions, enables

to test in virtual environment before manufacturing prototypes of products.
Furthermoredetermining and improving weak points, computing life and
foreseeing probable problems are possible by 3D simulations in virtual
environment

ANSYS software with its modular structure as seen in the table below gives
an opportunity of taking only needed features. ANSYS can work integrated
with other used engineering software on desktop by adding CADand FEA
connection modules

ANSYS can import CAD data and also enables to build a geometry with its
“preprocessing” abilities. Similarly in the same pre-processor, finite element
model (a.k.a mesh) which is required for computation is generated. After
defining loadings and carrying out analyses, results can be viewed as
numerical and graphical

ANSYS can carry out advanced engineering analyses quickly, safely and
practically by its variety of contact algorithms, time based loading features
and non-linear material models

ANSYS Workbench is a platform which integrate simulation technologies

and parametric CAD systems with unique automation and performance. The
power of ANSYS workbench comes from ANSYS solver algorithms with

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years of experience. Furthermore, the object of ANSYS workbench is
verification and improving of the product in virtual environment

ANSYS workbench, which is written for high level compatibility especially

with PC, is more than an interface and anybody who has an ANSYS license
can work with ANSYS workbench. AS same as ANSYS interface,
capacities of ANSYS wokbench are limited due to possessed license

LS DYNA

LSDYNA is an advanced general purpose multiphysics simulation software

package developed by the Livermore software technology corporation
(LSTC). While the package continues to contain or and more possibilities
for the calculation of many complex, real world problems, its origins and
core competency lie in highly nonlinear transient dynamic finite elements
analysis (FEA) using explicit time integration. LS DYNA is being used by
the automobile, aerospace, construction, military, manufacturing, and
bioengineering industries.

LS DYNA originated from the 3D FEA program DYNA3D, developed by

Dr. John O Hallquist at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL in
1976. DYNA3D was created in order to simulate the impact of full fusing
option (FUFO) or “dial a yield” nuclear bomb for low altitude release
(impact velocity of 40 m/s). At the time no 3D software was available to
simulate the impact and 2D software was inadequate. While the FUFO
bomb was cancelled, development of DYNA3D continued. DYNA3D used
explicit time integration to study non linear dynamic problems, with the
original applications being mostly stress analysis of structures undergoing
various types of impacts. The program was initially very simple largely due
to the lack of computational resources at that time. A 2 dimensional version
of the same software was developed concurrent. In 1978, the DYNA3D

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source code was released into the public domainwithout restrictions after a
request from France

In 1979 a new version of DYNA3D was released which was programmed

for optimal performance on the CRAY-1 supercomputers. This new release
contained improved sliding interface treatment which was an order of
magnitude faster than the previous contact treatment. This version also
eliminated structural and higher order solid elements of the first version,
while including element wise integration of the integral difference method
developed in 1974

The 1982 release included nine additional material models which allowed
for new simulations, such as explosive structures and soil structure
interactions. The release also permitted the analysis of structural response
due to penetrating projectiles. Improvements in 1982 further boosted the
execution speed by about 10%. Hallquist was the sole developer of
DYNA3D until 194, when he was joined by Dr. David J Benson. In 1986,
many capabilities were added. The added features included beams, shells,
rigid bodies, single surface contact, interface friction, discrete springs and
dampers, optional hourglass treatment, optional exact volume integration,
and VAX/VMS, IBM, UNIX, COS operating system compatability. At this
point, DYNA3D became the first code to have a general single surface
contact algorithm.

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 SOLIDWORKS

INTRODUCTION

Solid works is the state of the art in computer aided design (CAD).
SolidWorks represents an object in a virtual environment just as it exists in
reality, i.e., having volume as well as surfaces and edges. This, along with
exceptional ease of use, makes SolidWorks a powerful design tool.
Complex 3-D parts with contoured surfaces and detailed features can be
modelled quickly and easily with SolidWorks. Then many parts can be
assembled in a virtual environment to create a computer model of the
finished product. In addition, traditional engineering drawings can be easily
extracted from the solids models of both the parts and final assembly. This
approach opens the door to innovative design concepts, speeds product
development, and minimising design errors. The result is the ability to bring
the high quality products to the market.

SolidWorks Corporation developed SolidWorks registered as a three

dimensional, feature based, solidmodelling system for personal computers.
Solid modelling represents objects in a computer as volumes, rather than
just as collections of edges and surfaces. Features are three-dimensional
geometries with direct analogies to shapes that can be machined or
manufactured, such as holes or rounds. Feature based solid modelling
creates and modifies the geometric shapes of an object in a way that
represents common manufacturing processes. This makes SolidWorks a
very powerful and effective tool for engineering design.

As with other computer programs, Solidworks organizes and stores data in

files. Each file has a name followed by a period (dot) and an extension.
There are several file types used in Solidworks, but the most common file
types and their extension are

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Part files .prt or .sldprt

Assembly files .asm or .sldasm

Drawing files .drw or .slddrw

Part files are the files of the individual parts that are modelled. Part files
contain all of the pertinent information about the part. Because SolidWorks
is a solid-modelling program, the virtual part on the screen will look very
similar to the manufacturing part.

Assembly files are created from several individual part files that are
virtually assembled (in the computer) to create the finished product

Drawing files are the two dimensional engineering representations of bot

the part and the assembly file. The drawings should contain all of the
necessary information for the manufacturing of the part, including
tolerances, dimensions, and so on.

The part file is the driving file for all other file types. The modelling
procedure begins with part files. Subsequent assemblies and drawings are
based on the original part files. One advantage of the SolidWorks files is the
feature of dynamic links. Any change to a part file will automatically be
updated in any corresponding assembly or drawing file.

Therefore, both drawing and assembly files must be able to find and access
their corresponding part files in order to be opened. SolidWorks uses
information embedded within the file and the filename to maintain these
links automatically.

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 SOLID WORKS MODULES
Some of the modules listed

 Sheet metal Design

 Advanced Surface Modelling
 Weldments
 Mold Design using SolidWorks
 Simulation Training
 3DVIA composer Training
 Driveworks Training
 SolidCAM Training
 SolidWorks AI Fundamentals

The 2D to 3D tools will help you to convert a 2D drawing to a 3D part.

Some of the tools can be used in any sketches.

 FRONT- the selected sketch entities become te front

view in converting to a 3D part
 TOP- the selected sketc entities become the top view
in converting to a 3D part
 RIGHT- the selected sketch entities become the right
view in converting to a 3D part.
 LEFT- the selected sketch entities become the left
view in converting to a 3D part
 BOTTOM- the selected sketch entities become the
bottom view in converting to a 3D part
 BACK- the selected sketch entities become the back
view in converting to a 3D part
 Auxiliary- the selected sketch entities become an
auxiliary view in converting to a 3D part. You must
select a line in another view to specify the angle of the
auxiliary view
 Create Sketch from Selections- the selected sketch
entities become a new sketch. You can extract a sketch
and then modify it before creating a feature
 Repair Sketch- you can fix errors in a sketch so that
the sketch can be used to extrude or cut a feature.

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 Typical errors can be overlapping geometry, small
gaps, or many small segments that are collected into a
single entity.
 Align Sketch- select an edge in one view to align to
the edge selected in asecond view. The order of
selection is important.
 Extrude- extrude a feature from the selected sketch
entities. You do not have to select a complete sketch
 Cut- cut a feature from the selected sketch entities.
You do not have to select a complete sketch

TOOL BARS
To specify which toolbars are displayed on the screen, select View Tool-
bars (i.e., select Toolbars from the View menu). Be sure that the Features,
sketch, Sketch Relations, Sketch Tools, Standard, Standard Views and View
toolbars are checked, as shown in the below picture. If they are not, click on
each of these items until all are checked. If other toolbars are checked, click
on them to uncheck them. It may be necessary to select View, then toolbars
again to display the menu after checking (or un-checking) an item to
confirm that the desired change was made. The Standard Views toolbar may
appear as a dialog box in the Graphics Window instead of as a toolbar. If so,
click the blue bar at the top of the dialog box with the left mouse button and
drag it to the toolbar at the upper right of the graphics Window. Release the
mouse button. The dialog box should change to a toolbar.

TOOLBAR MENU
 The Sketch toolbar contains tools to set up and manipulate a sketch
 The Sketch Tools toolbar contains tools to draws lines, circles,
rectangles, arcs and so on

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  The Sketch Relations toolbar contains tools for contrasting elements
of a sketch by using dimensions or relations
 The Features toolbar contains tools that modify sketches and existing
features of a part
 The Standard toolbar contains the usual commands available for
manipulating files ( Open, Save, Print and so on), editing documents (
Cut, Copy, and Paste) and accessing Help.
 The Standard Views toolbar contains common orientations for a
model.
 The View toolbar contains tools to orient and rescale the view of a
part.

You can find these toolbars around the Graphics Window by checking and
un-checking tem in the ViewToolbars menu. The toolbars will appear as
you check them and disappear as you uncheck them. Currently, most of the
items in the toolbars are grayed out, since they are unusable. They will
become active when they are available for use.

Creating a new Part

With the SolidWorks window open, select FileNew in the menu bar, or
click the New button ( a blank sheet icon) in the Standard toolbar.

SolidWorks Document dialog box appears as shown in the figure. You will
be modelling a new part. If Part is already highlighted, click OK. If it is not
highlighted click Part, then OK.

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A new window appears with the name Part1, as shown in the figure below.
On the left side of the window is the feature manager design tree (FMDT).

It contains a list of the features that have been created so far. Every new part
starts with six features: annotations, lighting, three datum planes, and an
origin. The planes are three mutually perpendicular planes that are created
in space as references for constructing features of the part that you are
modelling. The three planes intersect at the origin, which is in the centre of
the Graphics Window. The arrows in the lower left corner of the Graphics
Window show the coordinate directions. As the part is modelled, the
features that are created will appear in the FMDT. These features can be
highlighted or modified by clicking on them in the feature manager design
tree. For example, click
on a plane or the origin in
the FMDT to highlight
these items. Front is the
plane of the screen, Top
is the horizontal plane
perpendicular to the
screen, and Right is the
vertical plane
perpendicular to the
screen. Finish by clicking
on Part1 in FMDT, so
thatno plane is
highlighted.

Sketching
Every part begins as a cross section sketched on a 2D plane. Once a sketch
is made, it is extruded or revolved into the third dimension to create a three
dimensional object. This is the base feature of the part

To set the units and grid size to be used, click the Grid toolbar button with
the left mouse button. Documents properties dialog box will appear. Click
Units on the left side of the dialog box to set the units. Setup appropriate
units (inches or mm) with the desired number of decimal or fraction
denominator.

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Click Grid/Snap on the left side of the dialogue box to control the grid that
will appear on the screen wen a cross section is sketched. Be sure that all
three of the boxes under Grid are checked. Adjust the grid spacing to the
desired values.

Snap controls the way in which sketched lines are related to the grid. The
points that are sketched should snap to the nearest intersection of grid lines
when they are close. Be sure the snap point box is checked. If not click the
box to activate it

Click Detailing on the left side of the tile dialogue box. If necessary, change
Dimensioning Standard to ANSI for inch units and ISO in case of mm
units. Then click OK at the bottom of the dialogue box to accept the values

Open a new sketch by selecting insert sketch or by clicking the sketch

button (a pencil drawing a line) in the sketch toolbar. (note that, for most
commands in SolidWorks, it is possible to initiate the command from either
the Menu bar or the toolbars). A grid should appear on the screen, indicating
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that the sketch mode is now active. The window’s name changes to sketch
of Part1. In the bottom right corner of the screen, the status bar reads
editing sketch. You are ready to sketch in the front plane.

SKETCH TOOLS

The Sketch tools: Toolbar contains tools to create and modify 2D features,
called sketch entities. Sketch entities are items that can be drawn on the
sketch. The following sketch entities and sketch tools are available:

 Line creates a straight line.

 Centrepoint arc creates a singular arc from a centre point, a
start point and an end point.
 Tangent arc creates a circular arc tangent to an existing sketch
entity.
 3 ptarc creates a circular arc through 3 points.
 Circle creates a circle.
 Spline creates a curved line that is not a circular arc.
 Polygon creates a regular polygon.
 Rectangle creates a rectangle.
 Points creates a reference point that is used for constructing
other sketch entities.
 Centreline creates a reference lien that is used for constructing
other sketch.
 Convert entities creates a sketch entity by projecting an edge,
curve, or countour onto the sketch plane.
 Mirror reflects entities about a centreline.
 Fillet creates a tangent arc between two sketch entities by
rounding an inside or an outside corner.
 Offset entities creates a sketch curve that is offset from a
selected sketch entity by a specified distance.
 Trim removes a portion of a line or curve.

 Display/Delete Relations it displays and deletes the

geometrical relations between entities.

 Repair Sketch it repairs the selected sketch.

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  Rapid Sketch it allows the 2D sketch plane to change
dynamically.

 Construction geometry creates entities that aid in sketching.

 Linear sketch step and repeat creates a linear pattern of

sketch entities.

 Circular sketch step and repeat creates a circular pattern of

sketch entities.

Move and Hold the cursor over each of the tools to display its function but
do not click on the tool. Note the description of eachtool in the status bar at
the bottom of the SolidWorks window. Some of these tools may not be
included in the toolbars or other tools may be available, depending on the
way in which it was previously set up. All tools are available on the tools
menu.

FEATURE TOOLS

The Feature toolstoolbar, contains tools to create and modify 3D features,

called feature entities. Feature entities are items that can be drawn on the
feature.Features include multibody part capability. You can include
separate extrude, revolve, loft, or sweep features, within the same part
document.The following feature entities and feature tools are available:
 Extruded Boss/Baseadd material by increasing length in
either directions. You can create extruded boss/bases,
extruded cuts. The extrude feature can be a solid, a thin
feature, or a surface.

 Revolved Boss/Baseadd material by revolving one or

more profiles around a centerline. You can create
revolved boss/bases, revolved cuts, or revolved
surfaces. The revolve feature can be a solid, a thin
feature, or a surface.

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 Swept Boss/Base creates a base, boss, cut, or surface by
moving a profile (section) along a path, according to
these rules:
 The profile must be closed for a base
or boss sweep feature; the profile
may be open or closed for a surface
sweep feature.
 The path may be open or closed.
 The path may be a set of sketched
curves contained in one sketch, a
curve, or a set of model edges.
 The path must intersect the plane of
the profile.
 Neither the section, the path, nor the
resulting solid can be self-
intersecting.
 The guide curve must be coincident
with the profile or with a point in the
profile sketch.
 Lofted Boss/Basecreates a feature by making transitions
between profiles. A loft can be a base, boss, cut, or
surface. You create a loft using two or more profiles.
Only the first, last, or first and last profiles can be points.
All sketch entities, including guide curves and profiles,
can be contained in a single 3D sketch.

 Boundary Boss/Baseproduces very high quality,

accurate features useful for creating complex shapes for
markets focused on consumer product design, medical,
aerospace, and molds.

 Extruded Cutremoves material by increasing length in

either directions. You can create extruded boss/bases,
extruded cuts. The extrude feature can be a solid, a thin
feature, or a surface.

 Hole WizardThe hole type you select determines the

capabilities, available selections, and graphic previews.

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After you select a hole type, you determine the
appropriate fastener. The fastener dynamically updates
the appropriate parameters. Use the PropertyManager to
set the hole type parameters and locate the holes. In
addition to the dynamic graphic preview based on end
condition and depth, graphics in the PropertyManager
show specific details, as they apply to the type of hole
you select.

Capabilities
You can create these types of Hole Wizard
holes:
1. Counterbore
2. Countersink
3. Hole
4. Straight Tap
5. Tapered Tap
6. Legacy
 Revolved Cutremoves material by revolving one
or more profiles around a centerline. You can
create revolved boss/bases, revolved cuts, or
revolved surfaces. The revolve feature can be a
solid, a thin feature, or a surface.

 Swept CutSweep creates a base, boss, cut, or

surface by moving a profile (section) along a path,
according to these rules:
 The profile must be closed for a base or
boss sweep feature; the profile may be open
or closed for a surface sweep feature.
 The path may be open or closed.
 The path may be a set of sketched curves
contained in one sketch, a curve, or a set of
model edges.
 The path must intersect the plane of the
profile.

24
  Neither the section, the path, nor the
resulting solid can be self-intersecting.
 The guide curve must be coincident with the
profile or with a point in the profile sketch.
 Lofted Cutcreates a feature by making transitions
between profiles. A loft can be a base, boss, cut, or
surface. You create a loft using two or more
profiles. Only the first, last, or first and last
profiles can be points. All sketch entities,
including guide curves and profiles, can be
contained in a single 3D sketch.

 Boundary Cuttools removes very high quality,

accurate features useful for creating complex
shapes for markets focused on consumer product
design, medical, aerospace, and molds.

 Filletcreates a rounded internal or external face on

the part. You can fillet all edges of a face, selected
sets of faces, selected edges, or edge loops.

 Chamfer tool creates a beveled feature on

selected edges, faces, or a vertex.

 Linear Patternrepeats the selected features in an

array based on a seed feature. You can create a
linear pattern, a circular pattern, a curve driven
pattern, a fill pattern, or use sketch points or table
coordinates to create the pattern.

 Circular Pattern it patterns features,faces and

bodies around the axis.

 Ribis a special type of extruded feature created

from open or closed sketched contours. It adds
material of a specified thickness in a specified
direction between the contour and an existing part.
You can create a rib using single or multiple
sketches. You can also create rib features with
draft, or select a reference contour to draft.

25
 Drafttapers faces using a specified angle to
selected faces in the model. One application is to
make a molded part easier to remove from the
mold. You can insert a draft in an existing part or
draft while extruding a feature. You can apply
draft to solid or surface models.

 Shelltool hollows out a part, leaves open the faces

you select, and creates thin-walled features on the
remaining faces. If you do not select any face on
the model, you can shell a solid part, creating a
closed, hollow model . You can also shell a model
using multiple thicknesses.

 Wrapit wraps the closed sketch contour(s) unto a

face.
 DomeYou can create one or more dome features
simultaneously on the same model.
 Mirrorcopies the selected features or all features,
mirroring them about the selected plane or face.

 Helix and Spiral adds a helix or spiral curve for

a sketched circle.

ASSEMBLY COMMANDS

26
 Insert Componentsadds an existing components (or)
part (or) sub-assembly to the assembl

 Edit Componenttoggles between editing a

part (or)a sub-assembly & the main
assembly.

 Matepositions two components relative to

each another.

Types of Mates:

1) Standard Mates 2) Advanced Mates

3) Mechanical Mates

 Linear Components Patternpattern all

components in one (or)two directions.

 Circular Components Patternpatterns

components around the Axis.

27
 Mirror Components mirrors sub-assemblies &
parts.

 SmartFasteners adds fasteners to the assembly

using the solid works Tool box Library of
Standard Hardware.

 Move Component moves a component within the

degree of freedom defined by its mates.

 Rotate Component rotates the component within

the degree of freedom defined by its mates.

 Show Hidden Components can hide and unhide

the required component on user demand.

 Assembly Features creates various assembly

features.

 Hole Series

 Hole Wizard

 Simple Hole

 Extruded Cut

 Revolved Cut

 Reference Geometry it commands reference

geometry.

 Plane – Add a reference plane.

 Axis – Add a reference axis.

 Coordinate system – defines a coordinate

system for any part of assembly.

 Point – Add a reference point.

28
  Mate reference – Specifies entities to use
as references for automatic mating using
smart mates

 New Motion Study inserts new motion study.

 Bills of Materials add a bill of materials used in

designing.

 Exploded Viewsseparates the components into an

exploded view.

 Instant 3D enables dragging of handles,

dimensions & sketches of dynamically modify
features.

 Evaluate Section Properties it evaluates section

properties for multiple faces and sketches that lies
in parallel plane.

 Evaluate Mass Properties it calculates the mass

properties of the model. Ex:-

29
 Evaluate Interference Detection it detects any
interference between components after completion
of assembly through mating.

30
 EXPERIMENT NO-1

(UNIVERSAL COUPLING)

AIM

 To model the parts of the universal coupling & Do the assembly of the parts using
SW-2008 software.

PARTS

 There are 3 main Parts:

1) Centre block 2 ) Fork 3) Pin & Collar.

PROCEDURE

Part Modelling

 Select the SOLID EDGE iconNew Part.

 To model Centre Block, first select the required plane.

o Draw the 2D sketch of the fork use the SKETCH tools with required
dimensions, then  exit sketch.

o Use the FEATURES tools to convert the 2D sketch to solid model such
as Extrude, Revolve, extrude cut etc.

o Save the part as centre block

 To model Fork newPart.

o Draw the 2D sketch of the fork use the SKETCH tools with required
dimensions, then  exit sketch.

o Use the FEATURES tools to convert the 2D sketch to solid model such
as Extrude, Revolve, extrude cut etc.

o Save the part as Fork.

 To model PinnewPart.

o Draw the 2D sketch of the fork use the SKETCH tools with required
dimensions, then  exit sketch.

31
 o Use the FEATURES tools to convert the 2D sketch to solid model such
as Extrude, Revolve, extrude cut etc.

o Save the part as Pin.

 To model CollarnewPart.

o Draw the 2D sketch of the fork use the SKETCH tools with required
dimensions, then  exit sketch.

o Use the FEATURES tools to convert the 2D sketch to solid model such
as Extrude, Revolve, extrude cut etc.

o Save the part as Collar.

 To model KeynewPart.

o Draw the 2D sketch of the fork use the SKETCH tools with required
dimensions, then  exit sketch.

o Use the FEATURES tools to convert the 2D sketch to solid model such
as Extrude, Revolve, extrude cut etc.

o Save the part as Key.

Assembly

 To assemble newAssembly.

o Insert the main component first, by clickingBrowse.

o Place the main component in the area, this part is fixed and cannot be
moved futher.

o Insert the remaining components for assembly by the same procedure as

above, these components can moved anywhere.

o Use the MATE tool to assemble all the parts such as(standard mates,
mechanical mates, advanced mates).

Precautions

o When modelling a component make sure it is not under defined or over

defined.
o Give exact dimensions while drawing.
o While doing assemblies provide the appropriate relation between the
mating parts.
o Check whether all the parts are mating perfectly without any interference.
o Save the current work on regular basis so that the data is not lost.

32
 APPLICATION
 It is used to connect the two shafts whose axis is not aligned .

 It is used to connect ENGINE &DIFFRENTIAL.

 It is used in Agitators
 It is used in Balancing Machines
 It is used in Blowers and Fans
 It is used in Compressors
 It is used in Conveyors
 It is used in Cooling Tower Fans
 It is used in Cranes and Hoists
 It is used in Crushers
 It is used in Farming Equipment
 It is used in Generators
 It is used in Glass Manufacturing
 It is used in Lumber Mills
 It is used in Marine Propulsion
 It is used in Mining Equipment

33
Assembly of Universal Coupling

Exploded View

34
35
 Mass properties of Universal Coupling
Mass properties of Universal Coupling ( Assembly Configuration - Default )
Output coordinate System: -- default --
Mass = 18351.37 grams
Volume = 2645567.83 cubic millimeters
Surface area = 325853.46 millimeters^2
Center of mass: ( millimeters )

X = -18.98
Y = 5.00
Z = 55.94
Principal axes of inertia and principal moments of inertia: ( grams * square
millimeters )
Taken at the center of mass.

Ix = (1.00, -0.08, -0.02) Px = 54023729.47

Iy = (0.05, 0.78, -0.62) Py = 130372267.11
Iz = (0.06, 0.62, 0.78) Pz = 130443344.22
Moments of inertia: ( grams * square millimeters )
Taken at the center of mass and aligned with the output coordinate system.

Lxx = 54495896.18 Lxy = -5759553.06 Lxz = -

1635827.56
Lyx = -5759553.06 Lyy = 129962683.44 Lyz = 89412.89
Lzx = -1635827.56 Lzy = 89412.89 Lzz =
130380761.18
Moments of inertia: ( grams * square millimeters )
Taken at the output coordinate system.

Ixx = 112390027.55 Ixy = -7502399.65 Ixz = -

21120001.40
Iyx = -7502399.65 Iyy = 194007103.11 Iyz = 5226899.07
Izx = -21120001.40 Izy = 5226899.07 Izz = 137450139.03

36
 EXPERIMENT NO-2

(ECCENTRIC)

AIM

 To model the parts of the Eccentric& Do the assembly of the parts using SW-2008
software.

PARTS

 There are 6 main Parts:

1) Straps 2) Sheave 3) Packing strip 4) Strap bolt

5) Stud with nut 6) Eccentric rod.

PROCEDURE

Part Modelling

 Select the SOLID EDGE iconNew Part.

 To model Straps, first select the required plane.

o Draw the 2D sketch of the Straps use the SKETCH tools with required
dimensions, then  exit sketch.

o Use the FEATURES tools to convert the 2D sketch to solid model such
as Extrude, Revolve, extrude cut etc.

o Save the part as Strap

 To model Sheave  newPart.

o Draw the 2D sketch of the Sheave use the SKETCH tools with required
dimensions, then  exit sketch.

o Use the FEATURES tools to convert the 2D sketch to solid model such
as Extrude, Revolve, extrude cut etc.

o Save the part as Sheave.

 To model Packing stripnewPart.

o Draw the 2D sketch of the Packing strip uses the SKETCH tools with
required dimensions, then  exit sketch.

37
 o Use the FEATURES tools to convert the 2D sketch to solid model such
as Extrude, Revolve, extrude cut etc.

o Save the part as Packing strip.

 To model Strap BoltnewPart.

o Draw the 2D sketch of the Strap bolt uses the SKETCH tools with
required dimensions, then  exit sketch.

o Use the FEATURES tools to convert the 2D sketch to solid model such
as Extrude, Revolve, extrude cut etc.

o Save the part as Strap bolt.

 To model Studs newPart.

o Draw the 2D sketch of the Studs use the SKETCH tools with required
dimensions, then  exit sketch.

o Use the FEATURES tools to convert the 2D sketch to solid model such
as Extrude, Revolve, extrude cut etc.

o Save the part as Studs.

 To model Nuts newPart.

o Draw the 2D sketch of the Nuts use the SKETCH tools with required
dimensions, then  exit sketch.

o Use the FEATURES tools to convert the 2D sketch to solid model such
as Extrude, Revolve, extrude cut etc.

o Save the part as Nuts.

 To model Eccentric rodnewPart.

o Draw the 2D sketch of the fork use the SKETCH tools with required
dimensions, then  exit sketch.

o Use the FEATURES tools to convert the 2D sketch to solid model such
as Extrude, Revolve, extrude cut etc.

o Save the part as Eccentric rod.

Assembly

 To assemble newAssembly.

o Insert the main component first, by clickingBrowse.

38
 o Place the main component in the area, this part is fixed and cannot be
moved futher.

o Insert the remaining components for assembly by the same procedure as

above, these components can moved anywhere.

o Use the MATE tool to assemble all the parts such as(standard mates,
mechanical mates, advanced mates) etc,..

 Precautions:

o When modelling a component make sure it is not under defined or over defined.
o Give exact dimensions while drawing.
o While doing assemblies provide the appropriate relation between the mating
parts.
o Check whether all the parts are mating perfectly without any interference.
o Save the current work on regular basis so that the data is not lost.

APPLICATIONS
 Eccentrics are used for operating steam valves, small pump plungers, shaking screens,
etc.
 It is used to provide a short reciprocating motion, actuated by the rotation of a shaft.

39
Assembly of Eccentric

Exploded View

40
41
 Mass Properties of Eccentric
Mass properties of Eccentric
Configuration: Default
Coordinate system: -- default --
Mass = 2210.31 grams
Volume = 2210307.88 cubic millimeters
Surface area = 349998.31 square millimeters
Center of mass: ( millimeters )
X = 10.41
Y = -24.56
Z = -12.52
Principal axes of inertia and principal moments of inertia: ( grams
* square millimeters )
Taken at the center of mass.
Ix = ( 0.00, 1.00, 0.00) Px = 11979372.50
Iy = (-1.00, 0.00, 0.00) Py = 35114816.78
Iz = ( 0.00, 0.00, 1.00) Pz = 46256317.53
Moments of inertia: ( grams * square millimeters )
Taken at the center of mass and aligned with the output coordinate
system.
Lxx = 35114804.15 Lxy = 26513.06 Lxz = 14150.25
Lyx = 26513.06 Lyy = 11979565.56 Lyz = 74656.74
Lzx = 14150.25 Lzy = 74656.74 Lzz =
46256137.10
Moments of inertia: ( grams * square millimeters )
Taken at the output coordinate system.
Ixx = 36794511.18 Ixy = -538524.08 Ixz = -273777.31
Iyx = -538524.08 Iyy = 12565244.86 Iyz = 754149.62
Izx = -273777.31 Izy = 754149.62 Izz = 47829021.25

42
 EXPERIMENT NO-3

(STUFFING BOX)

AIM

 To model the parts of the Stuffing box & do the assembly of the

 PARTS

 There are 6 main Parts:

1) Straps 2) Sheave 3) Packing strip 4) Strap bolt

5) Stud with nut 6) Eccentric rod.

43
44
 MASS PROPERTIES
Mass properties of ass (Assembly Configuration - Default)
Output coordinate System: -- default --
Density = 0.00 grams per cubic millimeter
Mass = 532.82 grams
Volume = 532816.89 cubic millimeters
Surface area = 111922.78 millimeters^2
Center of mass: (millimeters)
X = 8.82
Y = 5.78
Z = -24.59

Principal axes of inertia and principal moments of inertia: (grams * square

millimeters)
Taken at the center of mass.
Ix = (0.00, 0.00, 1.00) Px = 868521.65
Iy = (1.00, 0.00, -0.00) Py = 1497780.98
Iz = (0.00, 1.00, 0.00) Pz = 1865894.70

Moments of inertia: (grams * square millimeters)

Taken at the center of mass and aligned with the output coordinate system.
Lxx = 1497780.98 Lxy = 0.13 Lxz = 2.10
Lyx = 0.13 Lyy = 1865894.70 Lyz = -0.23
Lzx = 2.10 Lzy = -0.23 Lzz = 868521.65

Moments of inertia: (grams * square millimeters)

Taken at the output coordinate system.
Ixx = 1837757.36 Ixy = 27182.30 Ixz = -115566.76
Iyx = 27182.30 Iyy = 2229508.16 Iyz = -75772.04
Izx = -115566.76 Izy = -75772.04 Izz = 927802.28

45
 EXPERIMENT NO-4

(STEAM ENGINE CROSS HEAD)

AIM

 To model the parts of the Steam engine Connecting Rod& Do the assembly of the
parts using SW-2008 software.

PARTS

 There are 6 main Parts:

1) Connecting rod 2) Brasses 3)Strap 4) Jib 5) Cotter 6)

Set Screw

PROCEDURE

Part Modelling

 Select the SOLID EDGE iconNew Part.

 To model Connecting rod, first select the required plane.

o Draw the 2D sketch of the Connecting rod using the SKETCH tools with
required dimensions, then  exit sketch.

o Use the FEATURES tools to convert the 2D sketch to solid model such
as Extrude, Revolve, extrude cut etc.

o Save the part as Connecting rod.

 To model Brasses newPart.

o Draw the 2D sketch of the Brasses using the SKETCH tools with
required dimensions, then  exit sketch.

o Use the FEATURES tools to convert the 2D sketch to solid model such
as Extrude, Revolve, extrude cut etc.

o Save the part as Brasses.

 To model StrapnewPart.

o Draw the 2D sketch of the Strap using the SKETCH tools with required
dimensions, then  exit sketch.

46
 o Use the FEATURES tools to convert the 2D sketch to solid model such
as Extrude, Revolve, extrude cut etc.

o Save the part as Strap.

 To model JibnewPart.

o Draw the 2D sketch of the Jib using the SKETCH tools with required
dimensions, then  exit sketch.

o Use the FEATURES tools to convert the 2D sketch to solid model such
as Extrude, Revolve, extrude cut etc.

o Save the part as Jib.

 To model CotternewPart.

o Draw the 2D sketch of the Cotter using the SKETCH tools with required
dimensions, then  exit sketch.

o Use the FEATURES tools to convert the 2D sketch to solid model such
as Extrude, Revolve, extrude cut etc.

o Save the part as Cotter.

 To model Set ScrewnewPart.

o Draw the 2D sketch of the Set Screw using the SKETCH tools with
required dimensions, then  exit sketch.

o Use the FEATURES tools to convert the 2D sketch to solid model such
as Extrude, Revolve, extrude cut etc.

o Save the part as Set Screw.

Assembly

 To assemble newAssembly.

o Insert the main component first, by clickingBrowse.

o Place the main component in the area, this part is fixed and cannot be
moved further.

o Insert the remaining components for assembly by the same procedure as

above, these components can moved anywhere.

o Use the MATE tool to assemble all the parts such as(standard mates,
mechanical mates, advanced mates).

2D Engineering Drawing
47
 To start Drawing module newDrawing.

o Select the sheet format(A1,A2,A3,A4)

o Insert the drawingBrowse.

o selectStandard 3view option.

o Place the views (top ,front,side) in the required place.

 To insert Bills of Material, selectInsert option from the menu bar.

o GotoTables Bills of Materials.

o Place the table in the required position.

o Edit the columns and rows according to the no. Of components.

o Save the drawing.

APPLICATIONS
 Connecting rod in a steam engine connects the crosshead at one end (small end) and
the crank at the other end (big end).

 The cross-section of the connecting rod can be square/circular in shape.

 The steel arm which connects the piston rod with the crank on the driving wheel or
driving axle.

 It is used to convert the forward and aft motion of the piston into the rotating motion
of the axle.

 It is designed in a tapered form and has a 'little end', where it is connected to the
crosshead on the piston rod, and a 'big end' where it is connected to the crank arm.

 The tapering is to allow for the greater stresses experienced at the crank end.

48
Exploded View

49
50
 MASS PROPERTIES

Mass properties of ass (Assembly Configuration - Default)

Output coordinate System: -- default --
Density = 0.00 grams per cubic millimeter
Mass = 971.80 grams
Volume = 971804.31 cubic millimeters
Surface area = 179836.33 millimeters^2
Center of mass: (millimeters)
X = -19.34
Y = 4.27
Z = -24.68

Principal axes of inertia and principal moments of inertia: (grams * square

millimeters)
Taken at the center of mass.
Ix = (0.00, 1.00, 0.00) Px = 2998003.49
Iy = (0.00, 0.00, 1.00) Py = 3159190.45
Iz = (1.00, 0.00, -0.00) Pz = 5537493.06

Moments of inertia: (grams * square millimeters)

Taken at the center of mass and aligned with the output coordinate system.
Lxx = 5537492.16 Lxy = 0.00 Lxz = 1464.17
Lyx = 0.00 Lyy = 2998003.49 Lyz = -0.00
Lzx = 1464.17 Lzy = -0.00 Lzz = 3159191.36

Moments of inertia: (grams * square millimeters)

Taken at the output coordinate system.
Ixx = 6147375.24 Ixy = -80323.11 Ixz = 465307.72
Iyx = -80323.11 Iyy = 3953482.91 Iyz = -102537.73
Izx = 465307.72 Izy = -102537.73 Izz = 3540300.33

51
 EXPERIMENT NO-5

(KNUCKLE JOINT)

AIM

 To model the parts of the knuckle joint & Do the assembly of the parts using SW-
2008 software.

PARTS

 There are 4 main Parts:

1) Fork End 2) Eye End 3) Pin 4) Collar

PROCEDURE
Part Modelling

 Switch on the computer and open the solid works 2008 software.
 Model all the given parts separately by selecting a new sheet made for drawing
t& modeling parts.
 And to model a part select a plane onto which the model has to be prepared.
 Using the sketch tools draw the required part(2D)
 Then by using the feature tools convert the 2D drawing into 3D part.
 Also the part can further be modified by other editing options available.
 Save all the modeled parts after each completion.

Assembly
 Now open a new sheet made for assembling all the model parts.
 Insert components from the location where you have saves the modeled parts.
 Fix the main component to the sheet origin.
 Now insert other components and place randomly on the sheet.
 Using the mate option, mate all the parts assembly in a systematic manner.
 Provide the Exploded view, parts of Assembly, Sectional & Detail view for
better understanding
 Give the mass properties of the final assembly.

52
  Save the file after completion.

Precautions:

 When modeling a component make sure it is not under defined or over defined.
 Give exact dimensions while drawing.
 While doing assemblies provide the appropriate relation between the mating
parts.
 Check whether all the parts are mating perfectly without any interference.
 Save the current work on regular basis so that the data is not lost.

Applications:

A knuckle joint is used to connect two rods which are under the action of
tensile loads and if the joint is guided, the rods may support a compressive load.
Its use may be found in the link of a cycle chain, tie rod, joint for roof truss, valve
rod joint with eccentric rod, pump rod joint, tension link in bridge structure and
lever and rod connections of various types.

53
Assembly of Knuckle Joint

Exploded view

54
55
 Mass properties of Knuckle Joint
Mass properties of knuckle joint ( Assembly Configuration - Default )

Output coordinate System: -- default --

Mass = 347.72 grams

Volume = 347719.90 cubic millimeters

Surface area = 67283.32 millimeters^2

Center of mass: ( millimeters )

X = 9.15

Y = 0.05

Z = 33.56

Principal axes of inertia and principal moments of inertia: ( grams * square

millimeters )

Taken at the center of mass.

Ix = (1.00, 0.00, 0.01) Px = 208476.81

Iy = (0.01, -0.00, -1.00) Py = 845749.97

Iz = (-0.00, 1.00, -0.00) Pz = 979769.84

Moments of inertia: ( grams * square millimeters )

Taken at the center of mass and aligned with the output coordinate system.

Lxx = 208504.53 Lxy = 7.48 Lxz = 4202.55

Lyx = 7.48 Lyy = 979769.83 Lyz = 35.27
Lzx = 4202.55 Lzy = 35.27 Lzz = 845722.27
Moments of inertia: ( grams * square millimeters )
Taken at the output coordinate system.
Ixx = 600152.49 Ixy = 172.99 Ixz = 110994.19
Iyx = 172.99 Iyy = 1400536.07 Iyz = 642.26
Izx = 110994.19 Izy = 642.26 Izz = 874842.42
56
 EXPERIMENT NO-6

(PLUMMER BLOCK)

AIM

 To model the parts of the Steam engine Connecting Rod& Do the assembly of the
parts using SW-2008 software.

PARTS

 There are 6 main Parts:

2) Connecting rod 2) Brasses 3)Strap 4)Jib

5)Cotter.
6) Set Screw

PROCEDURE

Part Modelling

 Switch on the computer and open the solid works 2008 software.
 Model all the given parts separately by selecting a new sheet made for drawing
t& modeling parts.
 And to model a part select a plane onto which the model has to be prepared.
 Using the sketch tools draw the required part(2D)
 Then by using the feature tools convert the 2D drawing into 3D part.
 Also the part can further be modified by other editing options available.
 Save all the modelled parts after each completion.

Assembly

 Now open a new sheet made for assembling all the model parts.
 Insert components from the location where you have saves the modeled parts.
 Fix the main component to the sheet origin.
 Now insert other components and place randomly on the sheet.
 Using the mate option , mate all the parts assembly in a systematic manner.

57
  Provide the Exploded view, parts of Assembly, Sectional & Detail view for
better understanding
 Give the mass properties of the final assembly.
 Save the file after completion.

Precautions:

 When modeling a component make sure it is not under defined or over defined.
 Give exact dimensions while drawing.
 While doing assemblies provide the appropriate relation between the mating
parts.
 Check whether all the parts are mating perfectly without any interference.
 Save the current work on regular basis so that the data is not lost.

Applications:

A plumber block or split bearing is used for shaft running at high speeds
and carrying loads. This type of bearing can be placed ant where along the shaft
length. It is used for long shafts requiring intermediate support. The plumber block
is an independent bearing, adopted for bolting to a support on a masonry wall, a
steel girder or even on a large machine base

58
Assembly Of Plummer Block

Exploded View

59
60
 Mass Properties Of Plummer Block
Mass properties of plumber block (Assembly Configuration - Default )

Output coordinate System: -- default --

Mass = 3427.03 grams

Volume = 451689.41 cubic millimeters

Surface area = 110347.95 millimeters^2

Center of mass: (millimeters)

X = 0.00

Y = 43.25

Z = 22.82

Principal axes of inertia and principal moments of inertia: ( grams * square

millimeters )

Taken at the center of mass.

Ix = (1.00, 0.00, 0.00) Px = 3266510.43

Iy = (0.00, 1.00, -0.00) Py = 5499831.66
Iz = (0.00, 0.00, 1.00) Pz = 7123514.51
Moments of inertia: (grams * square millimeters )
Taken at the center of mass and aligned with the output coordinate system.
Lxx = 3266510.43 Lxy = 2.11 Lxz = 1.56
Lyx = 2.11 Lyy = 5499835.22 Lyz = -2403.89
Lzx = 1.56 Lzy = -2403.89 Lzz = 7123510.95
Moments of inertia: ( grams * square millimeters )
Taken at the output coordinate system.

Ixx = 11461864.14 Ixy = 3.91 Ixz = 2.51

Iyx = 3.91 Iyy = 7284958.25 Iyz = 3380353.92

Izx = 2.51 Izy = 3380353.92 Izz = 13533741.63

61
 EXPERIMENT NO-7

(FOOT-STEP BEARING)

AIM

 To model the parts of the Foot step Bearing& Do the assembly of the parts using SW-
2008 software.

PARTS

 There are 5 main Parts:

1) Body 2) Bush 3) Disc 4) Shaft 5) Pin.

PROCEDURE

Part Modelling

 Select the SOLID EDGE iconNew Part.

 To model Body, first select the required plane.

o Draw the 2D sketch of the Body using the SKETCH tools with required
dimensions, then  exit sketch.

o Use the FEATURES tools to convert the 2D sketch to solid model such
as Extrude, Revolve, extrude cut etc.

o Save the part as Body.

 To model Bush newPart.

o Draw the 2D sketch of the Bush using the SKETCH tools with required
dimensions, then  exit sketch.

o Use the FEATURES tools to convert the 2D sketch to solid model such
as Extrude, Revolve, extrude cut etc.

o Save the part as Bush.

 To model DiscnewPart.

o Draw the 2D sketch of the Disc using the SKETCH tools with required
dimensions, then  exit sketch.

o Use the FEATURES tools to convert the 2D sketch to solid model such
as Extrude, Revolve, extrude cut etc.
62
 o Save the part as Disc.

 To model ShaftnewPart.

o Draw the 2D sketch of the Shaft using the SKETCH tools with required
dimensions, then  exit sketch.

o Use the FEATURES tools to convert the 2D sketch to solid model such
as Extrude, Revolve, extrude cut etc.

o Save the part as Shaft.

 To model PinnewPart.

o Draw the 2D sketch of the Pin using the SKETCH tools with required
dimensions, then  exit sketch.

o Use the FEATURES tools to convert the 2D sketch to solid model such
as Extrude, Revolve, extrude cut etc.

o Save the part as Pin.

Assembly

 To assemble newAssembly.

o Insert the main component first, by clickingBrowse.

o Place the main component in the area, this part is fixed and cannot be
moved further.

o Insert the remaining components for assembly by the same procedure as

above, these components can moved anywhere.

o Use the MATE tool to assemble all the parts such as(standard mates,
mechanical mates, advanced mates).

2D Engineering Drawing

 To start Drawing module newDrawing.

o Select the sheet format(A1,A2,A3,A4)

o Insert the drawingBrowse.

o selectStandard 3view option.

o Place the views (top ,front,side) in the required place.

 To insert Bills of Material, selectInsert option from the menu bar.

63
 o GotoTables Bills of Materials.

o Place the table in the required position.

o Edit the columns and rows according to the no. Of components.

o Save the drawing.

APPLICATIONS
 Footstep bearings are used to support the lower end of the vertical shafts.
 It is fitted at the bottom for carrying the total load.

 These beatings are used in the places where, the shaft end terminates in the bearing.

64
FOOT-STEP BEARING

Exploded View

65
66
 MASS PROPERTIES

Mass properties of ass (Assembly Configuration - Default)

Output coordinate System: -- default --
Density = 0.00 grams per cubic millimeter
Mass = 1516.85 grams
Volume = 1516853.74 cubic millimeters
Surface area = 221774.96 millimeters^2
Center of mass: (millimeters)
X = 45.43
Y = -19.46
Z = 3.79

Principal axes of inertia and principal moments of inertia: (grams * square

millimeters)
Taken at the center of mass.
Ix = (1.00, 0.00, 0.00) Px = 4017920.98
Iy = (0.00, 0.00, -1.00) Py = 5757305.56
Iz = (-0.00, 1.00, 0.00) Pz = 6097322.75

Moments of inertia: (grams * square millimeters)

Taken at the center of mass and aligned with the output coordinate system.
Lxx = 4017921.10 Lxy = 508.83 Lxz = 0.00
Lyx = 508.83 Lyy = 6097322.63 Lyz = 0.00
Lzx = 0.00 Lzy = 0.00 Lzz = 5757305.56

Moments of inertia: (grams * square millimeters)

Taken at the output coordinate system.
Ixx = 4613969.35 Ixy = -1340208.76 Ixz = 260976.22
Iyx = -1340208.76 Iyy = 9249084.60 Iyz = -111787.60
Izx = 260976.22 Izy = -111787.60 Izz = 9461595.94

67
 EXPERIMENT NO-8

(DRILL JIG)

AIM

 To model the parts of the Drill Jig& Do the assembly of the parts using SW-2008
software.

PARTS

 There are 9 main Parts:

1) Base Plate 2) Stem 3) Jig Plate 4) Screw 5)

Stud
6) Nut M20 7) Bush (Case Hardened) 8) Latch Washer
9) Screw.

PROCEDURE

Part Modelling

 Select the SOLID EDGE iconNew Part.

 To model Base Plate, first select the required plane.

o Draw the 2D sketch of the Base Plate using the SKETCH tools with
required dimensions, then  exit sketch.

o Use the FEATURES tools to convert the 2D sketch to solid model such
as Extrude, Revolve, extrude cut etc.

o Save the part as Base Plate.

 To model Stem newPart.

o Draw the 2D sketch of the Stem using the SKETCH tools with required
dimensions, then  exit sketch.

o Use the FEATURES tools to convert the 2D sketch to solid model such
as Extrude, Revolve, extrude cut etc.

o Save the part as Stem.

 To model Jig PlatenewPart.

68
 o Draw the 2D sketch of the Jig Plate using the SKETCH tools with
required dimensions, then  exit sketch.

o Use the FEATURES tools to convert the 2D sketch to solid model such
as Extrude, Revolve, extrude cut etc.

o Save the part as Jig Plate.

 To model ScrewnewPart.

o Draw the 2D sketch of the Screw using the SKETCH tools with required
dimensions, then  exit sketch.

o Use the FEATURES tools to convert the 2D sketch to solid model such
as Extrude, Revolve, extrude cut etc.

o Save the part as Screw.

 To model StudnewPart.

o Draw the 2D sketch of the Studusing the SKETCH tools with required
dimensions, then  exit sketch.

o Use the FEATURES tools to convert the 2D sketch to solid model such
as Extrude, Revolve, extrude cut etc.

o Save the part as Stud.

 To model Nut M20newPart.

o Draw the 2D sketch of the Nut M20using the SKETCH tools with
required dimensions, then exit sketch.

o Use the FEATURES tools to convert the 2D sketch to solid model such
as Extrude, Revolve, extrude cut etc.

o Save the part as Nut M20.

 To model BushnewPart.

o Draw the 2D sketch of the Bushusing the SKETCH tools with required
dimensions, then  exit sketch.

o Use the FEATURES tools to convert the 2D sketch to solid model such
as Extrude, Revolve, extrude cut etc.

o Save the part as Bush.

 To model Latch WashernewPart.

69
 o Draw the 2D sketch of the Latch Washerusing the SKETCH tools with
required dimensions, then  exit sketch.

o Use the FEATURES tools to convert the 2D sketch to solid model such
as Extrude, Revolve, extrude cut etc.

o Save the part as Latch Washer.

 To model ScrewnewPart.

o Draw the 2D sketch of the Screw using the SKETCH tools with required
dimensions, then  exit sketch.

o Use the FEATURES tools to convert the 2D sketch to solid model such
as Extrude, Revolve, extrude cut etc.

o Save the part as Screw.

Assembly

 To assemble newAssembly.

o Insert the main component first, by clickingBrowse.

o Place the main component in the area, this part is fixed and cannot be
moved further.

o Insert the remaining components for assembly by the same procedure as

above, these components can moved anywhere.

o Use the MATE tool to assemble all the parts such as(standard mates,
mechanical mates, advanced mates).

2D Engineering Drawing

 To start Drawing module newDrawing.

o Select the sheet format(A1,A2,A3,A4)

o Insert the drawingBrowse.

o selectStandard 3view option.

o Place the views (top ,front,side) in the required place.

 To insert Bills of Material, selectInsert option from the menu bar.

o GotoTables Bills of Materials.

o Place the table in the required position.

70
 o Edit the columns and rows according to the no. Of components.

o Save the drawing.

APPLICATIONS
 A jig is a work holding and tool guiding device which may be used for drilling,
reaming, boring and similar operations in mass production.

 The design allows for quick loading and unloading of work pieces.

 A jig's primary purpose is to provide repeatability, accuracy, and interchangeability in

the manufacturing of products.

 The most common type of jig is the drill jig, which guides the drill bit for creating
holes at desired locations.

71
72
 MASS PROPERTIES
Mass properties of ass (Assembly Configuration - Default)
Output coordinate System: -- default --
Density = 0.00 grams per cubic millimeter
Mass = 1633.73 grams
Volume = 1633729.84 cubic millimeters
Surface area = 221130.65 millimeters^2
Center of mass: (millimeters)
X = 34.28
Y = 47.67
Z = -8.92

Principal axes of inertia and principal moments of inertia: (grams * square

millimeters)
Taken at the center of mass.
Ix = (0.03, 1.00, -0.01) Px = 6517397.33
Iy = (-0.99, 0.03, 0.15) Py = 7357380.22
Iz = (0.15, 0.01, 0.99) Pz = 7377214.13

Moments of inertia: (grams * square millimeters)

Taken at the center of mass and aligned with the output coordinate system.
Lxx = 7357219.53 Lxy = 23104.16 Lxz = -3287.59
Lyx = 23104.16 Lyy = 6518133.99 Lyz = -9227.34
Lzx = -3287.59 Lzy = -9227.34 Lzz = 7376638.17

Moments of inertia: (grams * square millimeters)

Taken at the output coordinate system.
Ixx = 11200276.41 Ixy = 2692883.67 Ixz = -502767.92
Iyx = 2692883.67 Iyy = 8567716.16 Iyz = -703897.83
Izx = -502767.92 Izy = -703897.83 Izz = 13009349.96

73
 Manual Part Programming
G Codes (Preparatory Functions)
Modal and Non-modal G Codes.

G Codes - General Notes.

GØØ (Rapid Positioning / Traverse).

GØ1 (Linear Interpolation).

GØ2 / GØ3 (Circular Interpolation).

GØ4 (Dwell).

G2Ø / G21(Inch/Metric Data Input).

G28 (Reference Point Return).

G4Ø / G41 / G42 (Tool Nose Radius Compensation).

G5Ø (Multiple Command Functions).

G7Ø (Finishing Cycle).

G71 (Stock Removal in X Axis).

G72 (Stock Removal in Facing).

G73 (Pattern Repeating).

G74 (End Face Peck Drilling Cycle).

G75 (Outer / Internal Dia. Drilling & Grooving Cycle).

G76 (Multiple Thread Cutting Cycle).

G81 (Deep Hole Drilling Cycle).

G9Ø (Outer / Internal Dia. Cutting Cycle).

G92 (Thread Cutting Cycle).

G94 (End/Taper Face Turning Cycle).

G96 (Constant Surface Speed Control).

G97 (Spindle Speed in Rev/Minute).

74
G98 (Per Minute Feed).

G99 (Per Revolution Feed).

M Codes (Miscellaneous Function)

MØØ (Program Stop).

MØ1 (Optional Stop).

MØ2 (End of Program).

MØ3 (Spindle Forward).

MØ4 (Spindle Reverse).

MØ5 (Spindle Stop).

MØ6 (Automatic Tool Change).

MØ8 (Coolant On).

MØ9 (Coolant Off).

M1Ø (Chuck Open).

M11 (Chuck Close).

M13 (Spindle Forward and Coolant On).

M14 (Spindle Reverse and Coolant On).

M25 (Tailstock Quill Extend).

M26 (Tailstock Quill Retract).

M3Ø (Program Stop and Reset).

M4Ø (Parts Catcher Extend).

M41 (Parts Catcher Retract).

M62 / M63 / M64 / M65 / M66 / M76 / M77

(Auxiliary Output Functions).

M98 (Sub Program Call).

M99 (Sub Program End and Return).

75
 FACING OPERATION

G21 G98
G28 U0 W0
M06 T08
M03 S1200
G00 X26 Z2
G01 Z-0.5 F60
X0
Z1
G00 X26
G01 Z-1
X0
Z1
G00 X26
G01 Z-1.5
X0
Z1
G00 X26
G01 Z-2
X0
Z1
G00 X26
G28 U0 W0
M05
M30

76
 TURNING OPERATION

G21 G98
G28 U0 W0
M06 T08
M03 S1200
G00 X26 Z2
G90 X24.7 Z-30 F60
X24.3
X24
X23.7
X23.3
X23
X22.7
X22.4
X22
G28 U0 W0
M05
M30

77
 STEP TURNING

G21 G98

G28 U0 W0

M06 T08

M03 S1300

G00 X26 Z2

G90 X24.9 Z-25 F60

X24.4

X23.9 Z-20

X23.4

X22.9 Z-15

X22.4

X21.9 Z-10

X21.4

X20.9 Z-5
78
X20.4

G28 U0 W0

M05

M30

79
 TAPER TURNING AND DRILLING

O2002

M06 T01

G00 Z2. X32. M03 S3445

G90 Z-80. X28. R-3.

X26.

G28 U0. W0.

M06 T02

G00 Z2. X0.

M03 S2345

G74 R1.5

G74 Z-40. Q1000 F130.

M05

M30

80
 CONTOURING

G21 G98

G28 U0 W0

M06 T08

M03 S1300

G00 X33 Z2

G71 U0.5 R1

G71 P08 Q20 U0.1 W0.1 F60

N08 G00 X19

G01 Z0

G01 X20 Z-1

G01 Z-9

G02 X24 Z-11 R2

81
G01 Z-17

G01 X26 Z-19

G01 Z-25

G03 X30 Z-27 R2

G01 Z-31

N20 G01 X32 Z-33

G70 P08 Q20

G28 U0 W0

M05

M30

82
 CONTOURING

G21 G98

G28 U0 W0

M06 T08

M03 S1300

G00 X26 Z2

G71 U0.5 R1

G71 P10 Q20 U0.1 W0.1 F60

N10 G00 X0

G01 Z0

G03 X14 Z-7 R7

G01 Z-12

G02 X21 Z-15.5 R3.5

G01 Z-18

G01 X22
83
G01 Z-20.5

G01 X23

G01 Z-23

G01 X24

G01 Z-25.5

N20 X25

G70 P10 Q20 F40

G28 U0 W0

M05

M30

84
 CONTOURING

G21 G98

G28 U0 W0

M06 T08

M03 S1300

G00 X26.4 Z2

G71 U0.5 R1

G71 P10 Q20 U0.1 W0.1 F60

N10 G00 X10

G01 Z0

G01 X12 Z-2

G01 Z-12

G03 X16 Z-14 R2

85
G01 Z-22

G01 X18 Z-24

G01 X18 Z-30

G02 X24 Z-33 R3

G01 X24.5

G01 Z-38

N20 X25.4

G70 P10 Q20 F40

G28 U0 W0

M05

M30

86
 THREADING

G21 G98

G28 U0 W0

M06 T08

M03 S1300

G00 X26 Z2

G71 U0.5 R1

G71 P10 Q20 U0.1 W0.1 F60

N10 G00 X9

G01 Z0

G01 X10 Z-1

G01 Z-11

G02 X16 Z-14 R3

G01 Z-20
87
G03 X22 Z-23 R3

G01 Z-29

N20 X25 Z-33

G70 P10 Q20 F40

G28 U0 W0

M06 T06

M03 S400

G00 X10.2 Z2

G76 P031560 Q60 R0.02

G76 X8.77 Z-10 P613 Q60 F1

G28 U0 W0

M05

M30

88
 CONTOURING

G21 G94
G91 G28 Z0
G28 X0 Y0
M06 T01
M03 S2000
G90 G00 X15 Y15
G00 Z5
G01 Z-0.5 F60
G01 X60 Y15 F100
G02 X75 Y30 R15
G01 X75 Y60
G01 X60 Y75
G01 X30 Y75
G03 X15 Y60 R15
G01 X15 Y15
G00 Z10
G91 G28 Z0
G28 X0 Y0
M05
M30

89
G21 G94
G91 G28 Z0
G28 X0 Y0
M06 T01
M03 S2000
G90 G00 X0 Y0
Z5
M98 P0012015
M70
M98 P0012015
M71
M98 P0012015
M80
M98 P0012015
M81
G91 G28 Z0
G28 X0 Y0
M05
M30

O2015
G90 G00 X10 Y22.5
G01 Z-0.5 F60
G02 X30 Y22.5 R10
G02 X10 Y22.5 R10
G00 Z5
M99

90
G21 G94
G91 G28 Z0
G28 X0 Y0
M06 T01
M03 S2000
G90 G00 X0 Y0
Z5
M98 P0012015
M70
M98 P0012015
M71
M98 P0012015
M80
M98 P0012015
M81
G91 G28 Z0
G28 X0 Y0
M05
M30

O2015
G90 G00 X10 Y10
G01 Z-0.5 F60
G01 X35 Y10 F80
G01 X10 Y35
G01 X10 Y10
G00 Z5
M99

91