IVORY BANGLES

By Eric Ng'maryo - Tanzania

The Title

 The title "Ivory Bangles" is an appropriate one for this text because the old man's wife is
described as being remarkable because of the twenty-four ivory bangles she wears.
 These bangles are a significant part of her appearance and identity, as they clank like castanets
when she moves and are etched with mnemonic marks for a long love poem. They are thus a
symbol of love that the wife enjoys from the old man.
 The old man gave them to her when their first child was named, and she wore them proudly,
looking like a chief's bride.
 The bangles are also mentioned in a conversation between the old man and the chief, in which
the chief comments on the woman's comely appearance and the old man defends himself
against rumors that he bought the bangles rather than carving them himself.
 The ivory bangles are therefore a prominent and memorable feature of the old man's wife, and
their inclusion in the title serves as a reference to her and her role in the story.
 In addition to serving as a reference to the old man's wife, the inclusion of the word "ivory" in
the title is also significant because it highlights the value and rarity of the bangles.
 Ivory is a highly prized material that has been used for centuries to create a variety of decorative
and functional objects, including bangles.
 Its rarity and beauty make it a symbol of wealth and status, and the fact that the old man's wife
owns a large number of ivory bangles suggests that she is a woman of considerable importance
and standing within her community.
 This is further emphasized by the fact that the old man presents the bangles to her as a gift, and
by the Chief's admiration of them.
 Overall, the title "Ivory Bangles" is an appropriate one for this text because it captures the
significance of the bangles as a symbol of the old man's wife's identity and status, as well as
their value as a rare and precious material.
 The title also signifies the human-wildlife conflict that exists. For the old man to carve the
bangles for his wife, he had to shoot an elephant with a poisoned arrow to get the ivory he
used.

The Plot Summary

 The old man goes to a tribal seer for a consultation after noticing something strange about a
goat he had slaughtered (he notices blood specks on the liver of a goat he had slaughtered).
 The seer after listening to the old man tells him that his wife, is going to die (based off that sign
from the slaughtered goat), and the only way to prevent this is to give the wife a thorough
beating and send her to her parents. The seer’s pebbles say the man’s wife is going to die
because the spirits were jealous of a happy wife.
 The old man is hesitant to follow this advice and suggests offering goats as a sacrifice instead.
However, the seer is adamant that to avert the wife's death, the pebbles say he has to give her a
thorough beating.
  The old man is a chief's councilor and is regarded as a small chief. As much as he is respected,
many are surprised that he has only one wife. When the chief suggested that he marries another
wife, the man replies using a riddle. The chief quickly and ravels the riddle as “A wife, a co-wife,
witchcraft and death”. This reveals that the people have deep seated beliefs about witchcraft
and death.
 The man loves his wife dearly. When she had their first child, he gifted her twenty four
handcrafted ivory bangles etched with the words of a long love poem.
 During the evening meal with his wife, the man is disturbed since he doesn’t know how to
deliver the bad news to his loving wife. That night the man divulges the seer's words to the
wife. “The spirits want me to give you a ritual beating.” (pg. 22) However, the woman dismisses
this and hints that she knows the seer. He once wanted to marry her and had threatened to put
a spell on her.
 The man is adamant that the seer did not put blood specks on the goat's liver and that he is only
the mouthpiece of their dead ancestors.
 The man is ready to carry out the seer's instructions in order to avert the wife’s death. The wife
talks him out of it, proposing that there is another way.
 The old man's wife goes to the market. While at the market, she thinks of her plan: She intends
to go home and cook for her husband before going to her brother’s place. She would go there
weeping that her husband had beaten her for no reason, and would refuse to go back to him
until her clan and her husband's clan meet to reconcile them. The husband would be asked to
part with a fine and they would drink beer of reconciliation. This would certainly fool the spirits.
 As she returns home from the market , she hears people talking about a herd of elephants that
are coming down from the forest. She hurries home and does some gardening before enacting
'the plan'. As she gardens, her thoughts wander to Leveri, her daughter-in-law, who had helped
her weed just three weeks ago. Leveri had run away from her husband who had beaten her
badly. The woman does not understand why their son is different from his father. While
gardening, she is attacked and killed by a wounded bull elephant after it lifts her and stamps on
her repeatedly.
 When she is found, she is a mass of flesh and blood with shattered ivory bangles.“They found
her thus in her shallow grave: a mass of flesh and blood and shattered ivory bangles.” (pg. 25)
 The powers of the seer seem to be confirmed since his eerie prediction comes to pass.
 The woman dies because she deviates from customary norms after her husband and she defies
the tribal seer, a priest of the people.

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lessons
IVORY BANGLES
THEMATIC CONCERNS
a. Believe in the seer

 The old man visits the seer, considered a priest of the people (Pg. 21).
 He goes to the seer because of his superstitious nature. He had to consult the seer since he had
noted blood specks on the liver of a goat that he had slaughtered (pg. 21).

b. Ritual beating/molesting of wife

  When the old man visits the seer, the pebbles disclose that the spirits were jealous of a happy
wife, a woman unmolested by the husband until old age (pg. 21). It is not acceptable for a wife
to enjoy a comfortable life with her husband in this community.
 The husband is thus expected to molest his wife to ensure that she does not enjoy happiness.
Failure to do so would lead to a disastrous outcome as the pebbles foretell the wife's death.
 The pebbles demand that the old man give his wife a thorough beating (ritual beating) and then
send her back to her parents (pg. 22). Although the man tries to seek an alternative way to
appease the spirits, like offering several goats, the pebbles insist that he must give a wife
thorough beating and send her to her parents after the beating.
 The tradition of wife-beating/molestation is further seen through the old man's son. Unlike his
father, the son had embraced the culture of wife battering, something that bothers his mother
moments before her death. She is weeding the weed- infested grove when she remembers they
had weeded the same patch only three weeks before, together with her daughter-in- law Leveri.
She reminisces how her son had beaten Leveri to 'a fingernail's distance to her grave' (pg. 25).
This shows the violent nature of her son and how traditional he was since he embraced wife-
beating.

c. Naming of children
 The naming of children is seen as an essential practice. We learn that the twenty- four ivory
bangles that the wife wears were gifted to her when their only son was given a name (pg. 23).
 The value of child naming is also seen because the old man's grandson is named after him. The
writer refers to the young boy as her 'husband' (pg. 23).

d. Polygamy and its effects

 The tradition of polygamy and its value comes out during the moments shared by the old man
and his wife. After serving him his evening meal, the wife patronises the old man by calling him
the son of a chief. The writer explains the position held by the old man - the chief's councilor
(pg. 22). This position makes him a respected man. It, however, raises some debate as people
talk much about him since he is monogamous. This is seen where the writer says, 'He still was
the chief's councilor, much respected, but also much talked about because he had only one
wife. ‘(Pg.22).
 His monogamous status was a concern for the ageing chief, who told him to get another wife
(pg.23). This shows that the old man's society values the tradition of polygamy, and one who
does not engage in it is considered a failure.
 The old man, however, holds a differing opinion about polygamy. His response to the chief via a
riddle shows his view of polygamy:

A woman went to the riverside

The woman wanted to fetch water
The woman had one water pot
The woman arrived at the water point
The woman found another water pot
The woman came back with a pot
The woman brought a water pot with potsherds, not water (Pg. 23 The chief's interpretation of
the riddle:

 "A wife, a co-wife, witchcraft and death" (Pg.23) explains that the old man considers having
more than one wife as witchcraft

e. Love
 The moments shared between the old man and his wife (pg. 22-23) point to their love. The kind
of reception the old man receives when he gets home shows how much the wife loves and cares
for him. 'His wife came, unstrapped his leather sandals and led him behind the house to the
lean-to, bathed him and rubbed him with sharp smelling unguent' (pg. 22). Her loving care is
further seen when she asks him to have his meal first before they can talk about what the
husband had heard that day (pg. 22).
 How the husband addresses the wife also shows that he loves her. Despite her old age, the
husband calls her "girl" (pg. 22), a form of endearment. He also appreciates the meal she has
cooked for him. "You cook, woman," he thanked, stretching himself and yawning (pg. 22).
 Their love is also seen from the intimacy they share once the wife joins the old man where he
lay. The old man tries to talk her about the demands of the seer, but she ignites his pas leading
to an intimate moment. 'He sprang slowly, when it came, it was like an intricate tattoo on a
drum, coming unexpectedly and stopping suddenly, leaving the air quiet and pure.'(Pg. 23).
 The twenty-four ivory bangles that the old man gifted his wife on the day of naming their son
also show how much he loved her. Specifically, the eight bangles she wore on either hand were
etched with mnemonic marks for a long love poem (pg. 23).

f. Human-wildlife conflict
 The flashback of the naming ceremony of the old man's wife 'As she moved the twenty-four
ivory bangles she wore clanked like many castanets' (pg. 23). Elephants had to be killed to
obtain the ivory used to make the bangles.
 The truthfulness of this observation is seen when the chief also noted how attractive the old
man's wife looked in the many ivory bangles she wore. The old man proudly explains to the chief
that he made the bangles himself from the ivory he got when he shot an elephant using a
poisoned arrow (pg. 23).
 Towards the end of the story, people in the marketplace talk about the herd of elephants
approaching the plains. They fear the destruction that the herd will cause. They hope that those
who know how to use poisoned arrows will save the situation (pg. 24).
 The ultimate sign of the conflict is the death of the old man's wife, who a wounded bull elephant
kills. In an ironic turn of events, the old man's wife, whose husband had killed an elephant and
used its ivory to make bangles for the wife as a sign of love, ends up killed by a wounded
elephant. 'After bashing her on trees and banana plants, the wounded bull elephant put her on
the ground and repeatedly stamped on her. They found her thus in a shallow grave: a mass of
flesh and blood and shattered ivory bangles.'(pg. 25). The love is shattered by the same
creatures whose ivory was used to make symbols of love.
g. Failure to heed advice and its consequences

 The seer's advice to the old man who consulted him is that the pebbles demanded a ritual
beating of his wife to avert the death of wife. Old man is hesitant and offers to give some goats,
but the pebbles insist on the beating and send her off to her parents after beating. Instead of
heeding the seer's advice, the old man and his wife develop a scheme on how to cheat the
pebbles. The wife proposes putting up a show by pretending to have been beaten.
 Their failure to follow the demands of the pebbles results in what the seer had foretold-The
death of the wife who the wounded bull elephant kills as she is weeding.
 Although the wife's death is closely linked to the seer's warning, it can also be seen to be due to
the wife's recklessness and failure to heed the warnings of the scouts. The wife heard the
scout's warning when they noted the elephants were approaching. 'As she slowly made her way
home, she heard the cries. They came from scouts who were perched on trees, observing
elephants and warning people of the beasts' movement... 'Beware! People of Mtorobo's
homestead! The five elephants are now in your banana grove! The bull is on the path coming
from the stream' (pg. 24-25). The wife chooses to weed at the groove instead of heeding the
warning and staying at home.

Language and Style in Ivory Bangles by Eric Ng’maryo

IVORY BANGLES
LANGUAGE AND STYLE
a. Imagery

 Imagery is a literary device used in poetry, novels, and other writing that uses vivid description
that appeals to a readers' senses to create an image or idea in their head.
 Through language, imagery does not only paint a picture, but aims to portray the sensational
and emotional experience within text.
 The old man's wife is described as being "emblazoned with ivory," which uses imagery to convey
her appearance and the value placed on ivory within the community.

b. Symbolism

 Symbolism is a literary device that uses symbols, be they words, people, marks, locations, or
abstract ideas to represent something beyond the literal meaning.
 The pebbles used by the tribal seer to predict the death of someone could be seen as a symbol
of the seer's spiritual powers and the connection to the supernatural.

c. Personification

 When an idea or animal is given human characteristics.

 The injured elephant is described as "madly trumpeting," which personifies the animal and gives
it a sense of agency and emotion.

d. Hyperbole
  Hyperbole is a rhetorical and literary technique where an author or speaker intentionally uses
exaggeration and overstatement for emphasis and effect.
 The old man is described as a "very brave warrior," which could be seen as an example of
hyperbole or exaggeration to emphasize his bravery.

e. Metaphor

 Comparing two things that are not alike without using the words “like” or “as”.
 Metaphor is used to compare the appearance and demeanor of the old man’s wife to that of a
young girl.

f. Simile

 Comparing two things using the words “like” or “as”

 The old man's muscles are described as being "like dogs with bared teeth," using a simile to
convey the tension or tenseness of his muscles.

g. Onomatopoeia

 Here are some words that are used as examples of onomatopoeia: slam, splash, bam, babble,
warble, gurgle, mumble, and belch
 The sound of the old man's wife's bangles is described as "clanking softly," using onomatopoeia
to convey the sound of the bangles.

h. Foreshadow

 Foreshadow is a literary device used to give an indication or hint of what is to come later in the
story.
 The prediction of someone's death by the tribal seer foreshadows the death of the old man's
wife later in the story.

i. Irony

 The old man's wife's plan to go to her brother's house and seek mediation after being beaten by
her husband is described as a way to "fool the spirits," which could be seen as ironic because
she ultimately dies despite her efforts to appease the spirits and avoid death.

j. Suspense

 The descriptions of the movement of the elephant herd and the warnings from the scouts create
a sense of suspense and tension, as the reader is left wondering where the elephants will go
next and whether they will cause any harm.

k. Flashback
  Flashbacks interrupt the chronological order of the main narrative to take a reader back in time
to the past events in a character's life. A writer uses this literary device to help readers better
understand present-day elements in the story or learn more about a character.
 The story includes a brief flashback to the old man's past, when he was made a councillor by the
Chief and was asked to take another wife. This adds context and background to the old man's
character and his relationship with the Chief.

Characters and their Characterization in Ivory Bangles by Eric Ng’maryo

IVORY BANGLES
CHARACTER AND CHARACTERIZATION
List of Characters
a. Old man

 The main character in the story, an elderly man who is a councillor to the Chief and the husband
of the old man's wife.

b. Old man's wife

 The wife of the old man, who tries to reassure him and distract him from his worries about the
prediction of a death in the family.

c. The seer or priest

 A tribal seer or priest who provides a consultation to the old man after he notices something
strange about a goat he slaughtered.

d. Chief

 The leader of the community, who finds the old man's riddles amusing and tells him to take
another wife.

e. Old man's son

 The son of the old man, who is mentioned in passing during the conversation between the old
man and his wife.

f. Old man's daughter-in-law

 The daughter-in-law of the old man, who is mentioned as having weeded a part of the banana
grove with the old man's wife.

g. People in the market and surrounding community

 The people who are present in the market and the surrounding community, who are discussing
the presence of the elephants and warning others of their movements.

h. Scouts
  The scouts who are observing the movement of the elephants and warning people of their
presence.

Character Traits
a. The Old Man

 Respected and trusted - The man is a chief's councillor and is regarded as a small chief.
 Brave - The old man killed an elephant at a young age.
 Kind and caring - The old man is hesitant to follow the seer's advice to beat and send away his
wife.
 Resourceful - The old man suggests offering goats as a sacrifice instead of following the seer's
advice.
 Concerned and protective - The old man is worried about the prediction of a death in the family
and his wife's safety.
 Intelligent - The old man is a skilled riddle-teller.
 Witty - The old man is able to make the Chief laugh with his riddles.
 Humorous - The old man has a sense of humor, as demonstrated by his ability to make the Chief
laugh.
 Non-conformist/bohemian - refuses to marry a second wife regardless of it being tradition. Tells
the chief a riddle showing that he considers having more than one wife as witchcraft.

b. The old man's wife

 Attractive - She is an attractive woman who the old man loves very much. The chief comments
on the woman's comely appearance
 Reassuring - The old man's wife tries to reassure him and distract him from his worries about
the prediction of a death in the family.
 Protective - The old man's wife plans to go to her brother's house and pretend that her husband
has beaten her, in order to trick the spirits into thinking that she is not a happy, contented wife.
This shows that she is willing to take measures to protect herself and her relationship with her
husband.
 Distracting -The old man's wife distracts him from his worries and helps him relax.
 Deceitful - she comes up with a plan to fool the spirits into believing that she had been given a
beating as they demanded. Though she does not get the chance to enact her plan in the end.
 Cunning - She attempts to evade catastrophe as prophesied by the seer by coming up with a
clever plan.

c. Old man's son

 Abusive - he beats his wife badly enough that she runs away from him.

d. Leveri

 Hard-working - helped her mother-in-law weed just three weeks ago before the incident that
led to the mother in law's death.

e. The Chief
  Humorous - It seems that the Chief is capable of experiencing and expressing joy, as
demonstrated by his reaction to the old man's riddle. Roaring with laughter could be seen as a
sign of cheerfulness or good humor.

f. Scouts

 Alert - The scouts are described as being perched on top of trees, observing the elephants and
issuing warnings. This suggests that they are attentive and vigilant.
 Communicative - The scouts are responsible for relaying information about the elephants'
movements to the people in the community. This suggests that they are able to communicate
effectively and clearly.
 Responsible - The scouts are entrusted with the important task of warning people about the
potential danger posed by the elephants. This suggests that they are reliable and capable of
fulfilling their duties.

g. People in the market and surrounding community

 Concerned - They were concerned about the presence of the elephants, possibly practical in
their approach to dealing with the elephants. People in the market are concerned about the
potential damage that the elephants could cause to their crops and are discussing ways to
protect their crops.

Essay Questions on Ivory Bangles by Eric Ng’maryo

Essay 1
Some cultural practices do not add value hence should be done away with. Show the truth
in this statement basing your illustrations from Eric Ng’maryo’s Ivory Bangles.

INTRODUCTION
Some traditions in our societies have lost meaning and should be done away with/abandoned as
seen in the story ivory bangles by Eric Ng’maryo.(accept any other relevant introduction)

T1 believe in the seer.

The only visits the seer considered as the priest of people. (pg. 21)
He goes the seer because of his superstitious nature. He had to consult the seer since he had
noted blood specks on the liver of a goat that he had slaughtered (pg. 21)
Tthis is a cultural practice that has lost meaning for its meant to drive a wedge between him and
his wife.

T2. Polygamy
his monogamous state was a concern for the aging chief who told him to get another wife (pg.
23)
he was still the chief’s counselor much respected but much talked about because he had only one
wife (pg. 22)
this shows that the old man’s society values the tradition of polygamy and one who does not
engage is considered a failure.

T3. wife beating/molestation (ritual beating)

The were jealous of a happy wife. A woman unmolested by the husband until old age. It is not
acceptable for a wife to enjoy a comfortable life with her husband in this community.
The husband is expected to molest his wife to ensure that she doesn’t enjoy happiness. Failure to
do so could lead to a disastrous outcome as the pebbles foretell wife’s death.
The pebbles demand the old man gives his wife a through beating and sent her back to her
parents. (pg. 22)
This is a practice that does not add any value in the marriage.

T4. Naming of children

naming of children is seen as an essential practice. twenty-four ivory bangles that the wife wears
were gifted to her when their only son was given a name.
the value of child naming is also seen because the old man’s grandson is named after him. The
writer refers to the young boy as her husband. (pg230 this culture is long overtaken by the
modernity

CONCLUSION.
We should embrace the change and do things that do not harm others in the name of cultural
practices. (Accept any other relevant conclusion)

Essay 2
Write a composition to illustrate effects of human-animal conflict drawing illustrations
from Eric Ng‟maryo‟s „‟ Ivory Bangles‟

Introduction
Confrontation between wild animals and human being is becoming more rampant in the modern
world. During such scenarios, the result becomes adverse both for humans and the animals
including and destruction of property. Accept any other relevant introduction

C1: Death of people

Human-animal conflict sometimes gives rise to casualties. People may lose their lives during
human-animal confrontation. The Councilors’ wife is killed by a bull elephant. As the scouts
chased the elephants which invaded the village with noise and arrows, the bull elephant is
wounded. Instead of following the cows into the banana grove, the he elephant picks the path up
from the stream out of rage. The elephant enters the Councilors’ grove where his wife had been
weeding. The bull attacked the woman, lifting her bodily. It then bashed her on trees and banana
plants before putting her on the ground and stamping on her repeatedly. In this manner the
woman loses her life.

C2: Destruction of property

Conflict between human and animals also leads to destruction of property. When the councilor’s
wife goes to the market, she gets to learn that a herd of elephants have invaded the village. The
people express fear that the beasts would be devastating to the young plants. The scouts warn
people of the invasion by a herd of elephants. The elephants have invaded the area including
banana groves. The animals cross river Marwe into Mtorobo village. The scouts shout to warn
the people of Mtoboro that five she elephants have invaded their banana groves. The wounded
bull also invades the grove where the wife of the chief’s councilor had been weeding.
C3: Killing of animals
Animals are also killed during confrontation between humans and animals. The killing of
animals happens for various reasons. On one the one hand, the scouts strike to scare the animals
out of their property as in the case of the wounded bull. Also, at the market, the councilor’ wife
gets wind that the village has been invaded by elephants,. People however, are somehow relieved
because people who know how to use poisoned arrows are already following the herd. They hope
that with poisoned arrows, some can be killed. On the other hand, people kill animals for
aesthetics and for money. The Chief appreciates the councilor’s wife saying she is comely in the
twenty-four bangles she adorned. The chief is privy to the fact the councilor bought them but he
is made to understand that the councilor carved them from the elephant he short with a poisoned
arrow. This proves that people may kill animals during human- animal conflict.

C4: Disturbance
There is disturbance during conflict between human beings and animals. When the elephants
invade the village, people who know how to use poisoned arrows are appointed to follow them.
The scouts monitor the elephants and warn the public the whole day. They climb on top of trees
and make noise relaying warning from one scout to another. They warn people as the elephants
move from Sangeyo across river Marwe to Mtoboro homestead in Bware village. The elephants
cause great disturbance to the people disrupting their activities.

C5: Injuries to the animals

Conflict between people and animals leads to animals being injured by people who attack with a
view to driving them away. The bull elephant which eventually kills the woman is enraged
because it had been wounded. The elephants are also followed by people who are trained to
trained to use arrows.

Conclusion
Humans and animals sometimes experience strife with far reaching effects. Animal and humans
may cross each other’s paths leading to retaliation and counter-retaliation which turn calamitous
as lives and property are lost in the duel.

Essay 3
Love knows no bounds though it can lead one to misery if not handled cautiously', write an
essay to bring out the truth in this assertion basing your illustrations from the story Ivory
Bungles by Eric Ng'maryo.

Introduction.
Affection has no limits, however, it can make one suffer if not handled with care. The old man
and his wife love each other too much that he fails to give his wife a ritual beating as demanded
by the pebblee earning his wife an untimely demise.

Out of Love, the old man. fails/refuses to give his wife a ritual beating as demanded by the
pebbles. Pg 21, "The seer's pebble said someone was going to die. The pebbles said a wife was
going to die. The pebbler said the spirits were jealous of a happy wife, a woman unmolested by
her husband until old age, until she was called 'Grandmother'. He is over-whelmed by the love he
has for his wife and what he can do to avert the beating. (Pg 22) He suggests they could be
appeased by any number of goats. He began telling the wife where he had gone but is carried
away when she offers the meals and the warmth. He says, "This was not the atmosphere for
discussing the words of the pebbles. He delays this until they agree to hatch a plan to counter
attack. In the end, he losesr his wife just as the pebbles had prophesied.

Out of Love, the old man fails to heed to the advice of the ageing chief to get himself another
wife.This was shortly after he was made Councillor as a reward for bravery shown in the Battle
of Five Rainy Day, he answers mwith a riddle on why he cannot marry other wives. In the end he
loses the wife. Pg 22, "He still was the chief's councillor, much respected, but also much talked
about because he had only one wife and a councillor was a small chief and whoever heard of a
chief with one wife? The old man fails to marry another wife Out of the love and satisfaction he
derived from the one wife he had. In the end, he loses the wife and remains a wifeless chief.

Out of Love, the Old Man goes out of his way to poach an elephant, extract its tusks which he
uses to make coweries for his wife. Pg 23, "She is very comely in the many ivory bangles. she
wears. I made them, Sir and the ivory was from the elephant I shot with a poisoned arrow. I
brought one of the tusks as it is custom. "People say you bought the bangles, He pretends to a
carver. The woman pleased him in the bangles. The ones on her hands were etched with
mnemonic marks for a long love poem. He had presented the bangles to her when their first born
child, now their only son, was given a name. She had looked like a chief's bride. She later
becomes the victim of human-animal conflict when The elephants whose tusks she adorns kill
her mercilessly. her.

The Old Man's wife out of love for the husband remarks that she knows the seer and that he once
wanted to marry. She agrees to hatch a plan in order to go to her mbrother's place in pretence that
she has been beaten. Then later call for reconciliation by the parents (Pg 24). She deliberately
delays her going to the brother and decides to go first weed the garden, In her own words she
says his son has beaten the wife to near death. "Why is my son so different ,from his father?" Pg.
25. As she plans to go while weeding her garden, a rouge elephant trumps her down.

In conclusion, Love is good. It knows no limits but coupled with defiance or lack of caution can
lead us to unforseen misery. This is clearly seen in the lives of the old man and his wife.

A Silent Song and Other Stories - KCSE Essay Questions with Answers