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What is the internet in respect to computing?​

The Internet in Respect to Computing

Definition
The internet is a global network of interconnected computers and servers that
communicate with each other using standardized protocols.

Key Characteristics
1. Global Connectivity: The internet connects billions of devices worldwide.
2. Decentralized: The internet is a decentralized system, with no single controlling entity.
3. Open Standards: The internet uses open standards and protocols, allowing devices
to communicate seamlessly.

Internet Architecture
1. Networks: The internet is composed of multiple networks, including Internet Service
Providers (ISPs), academic networks, and government networks.
2. Routers: Networks are connected by routers, which forward data to its destination.
3. Servers: Data is stored on servers, which provide access to websites, emails, and
other online services.

Internet Protocols
1. TCP/IP: The fundamental protocol suite that enables communication over the
internet.
2. HTTP: The protocol used for transferring data over the web.
3. FTP: The protocol used for transferring files over the internet.
4. SMTP: The protocol used for sending and receiving emails.

Internet Services
1. World Wide Web (WWW): A system of interlinked hypertext documents.
2. Email: A service that enables users to send and receive electronic messages.
3. File Transfer Protocol (FTP): A service that enables users to transfer files over the
internet.
4. Remote Access: A service that enables users to access remote computers or
networks.

Impact of the Internet on Computing

1. Global Communication: The internet enables global communication and
collaboration.
2. Information Sharing: The internet facilitates the sharing of information and
knowledge.
3. E-commerce: The internet enables online shopping and electronic commerce.
4. Remote Work: The internet enables remote work and virtual teams.

Internet Applications in Computing

1. Web Development: The internet enables the creation of web applications and
websites.
2. Cloud Computing: The internet enables cloud computing, where resources are
provided over the internet.
3. Online Gaming: The internet enables online gaming, where users can play games
with others over the internet.
4. E-learning: The internet enables e-learning, where educational resources are
provided over the internet.

The internet has revolutionized the way we communicate, access information, and
conduct business. It has had a profound impact on computing and has enabled the
development of many modern technologies.

What is social in respect to computing?

Social Computing
Definition
Social computing refers to the use of computational systems to facilitate social
interactions, communication, and collaboration among individuals and groups.

Key Characteristics
1. Social Interaction: Social computing enables users to interact with each other through
digital platforms.
2. Collaboration: Social computing facilitates collaboration among users, enabling them
to work together on projects and share resources.
3. Communication: Social computing enables users to communicate with each other
through various digital channels.
4. Community Building: Social computing enables the creation of online communities,
where users can connect with others who share similar interests.

Examples of Social Computing

1. Social Media: Platforms like Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram enable users to
connect with others, share content, and participate in online communities.
2. Online Forums: Online forums and discussion boards enable users to discuss topics
of interest and collaborate with others.
3. Collaborative Software: Tools like Google Docs, Microsoft Teams, and Slack enable
users to collaborate on projects and share resources.
4. Virtual Worlds: Virtual worlds like Second Life and Minecraft enable users to interact
with each other in immersive digital environments.

Impact of Social Computing

1. Global Connectivity: Social computing has enabled global connectivity, allowing
people to connect with others across geographical boundaries.
2. Increased Collaboration: Social computing has facilitated collaboration among
individuals and groups, enabling them to work together more effectively.
3. Improved Communication: Social computing has enabled rapid communication
among individuals and groups, facilitating the exchange of ideas and information.
4. New Forms of Community: Social computing has enabled the creation of new forms
of community, including online forums, social media groups, and virtual worlds.

Social Computing Applications

1. Education: Social computing has enabled new forms of online learning, including
MOOCs (Massive Open Online Courses) and online degree programs.
2. Business: Social computing has enabled new forms of business collaboration,
including virtual teams and online project management.
3. Healthcare: Social computing has enabled new forms of healthcare collaboration,
including telemedicine and online health communities.
4. Gaming: Social computing has enabled new forms of online gaming, including
multiplayer games and virtual worlds.

What are the ethical and professional issues of computing?

Ethical and Professional Issues in Computing

Ethical Issues
1. Privacy: Protecting users' personal information and data.
2. Security: Ensuring the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of data.
3. Intellectual Property: Respecting copyrights, patents, and trademarks.
4. Anonymity: Balancing the need for anonymity with the need for accountability.
5. Bias and Discrimination: Avoiding bias and discrimination in AI and algorithmic
decision-making.
Professional Issues
1. Accountability: Taking responsibility for the consequences of one's actions.
2. Transparency: Being open and honest about one's methods and intentions.
3. Competence: Ensuring that one has the necessary skills and knowledge to perform
tasks.
4. Confidentiality: Protecting sensitive information and maintaining confidentiality.
5. Continuing Education: Staying up-to-date with the latest developments and
advancements in the field.

Code of Ethics and Conduct

1. ACM Code of Ethics: A set of principles and guidelines for ethical decision-making in
computing.
2. IEEE Code of Ethics: A set of principles and guidelines for ethical decision-making in
engineering and technology.
3. Professional Societies: Many professional societies, such as the ACM and IEEE,
have codes of ethics and conduct that guide the behavior of their members.

Consequences of Unethical Behavior

1. Legal Consequences: Unethical behavior can result in legal action, fines, and
imprisonment.
2. Professional Consequences: Unethical behavior can damage one's professional
reputation and lead to loss of certification or licensure.
3. Social Consequences: Unethical behavior can harm individuals, communities, and
society as a whole.

Best Practices for Ethical Computing

1. Respect User Privacy: Protect users' personal information and data.
2. Ensure Security: Implement robust security measures to protect data and systems.
3. Be Transparent: Be open and honest about methods and intentions.
4. Continuously Educate: Stay up-to-date with the latest developments and
advancements in the field.
5. Adhere to Codes of Ethics: Follow established codes of ethics and conduct in
computing.

What is social application of computing?

Social Applications of Computing
Definition
Social applications of computing refer to the use of computer technology to facilitate
social interactions, communication, and collaboration among individuals and groups.
Examples
1. Social Media: Platforms like Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram enable users to
connect with others, share content, and participate in online communities.
2. Online Forums: Online forums and discussion boards enable users to discuss topics
of interest and collaborate with others.
3. Collaborative Software: Tools like Google Docs, Microsoft Teams, and Slack enable
users to collaborate on projects and share resources.
4. Virtual Worlds: Virtual worlds like Second Life and Minecraft enable users to interact
with each other in immersive digital environments.
5. E-learning Platforms: Platforms like Coursera, Udemy, and edX enable users to
access online courses and educational resources.

Benefits
1. Global Connectivity: Social applications of computing enable global connectivity,
allowing people to connect with others across geographical boundaries.
2. Increased Collaboration: Social applications of computing facilitate collaboration
among individuals and groups, enabling them to work together more effectively.
3. Improved Communication: Social applications of computing enable rapid
communication among individuals and groups, facilitating the exchange of ideas and
information.
4. Access to Information: Social applications of computing provide access to a vast
amount of information and educational resources.

Social Impact
1. Social Networking: Social applications of computing have enabled new forms of
social networking, changing the way people connect and interact with each other.
2. Online Communities: Social applications of computing have enabled the creation of
online communities, providing a sense of belonging and connection for users.
3. E-learning: Social applications of computing have enabled new forms of e-learning,
providing access to educational resources and opportunities for people around the
world.
4. Digital Divide: Social applications of computing have also highlighted the digital
divide, emphasizing the need for equal access to technology and digital resources.

Future Developments
1. Artificial Intelligence: The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into social
applications of computing will enable more personalized and intelligent interactions.
2. Virtual and Augmented Reality: The use of virtual and augmented reality technologies
will enable more immersive and interactive social experiences.
3. Blockchain: The use of blockchain technology will enable more secure and
transparent social interactions.
4. Internet of Things (IoT): The integration of IoT devices into social applications of
computing will enable more seamless and integrated interactions.

What is network communication in respect to computing?

Network Communication in Respect to Computing

Definition
Network communication in computing refers to the exchange of data, information, or
messages between devices, computers, or systems over a network.

Key Concepts
1. Network: A collection of interconnected devices, computers, or systems.
2. Protocols: Standardized rules and procedures for data communication.
3. Devices: Computers, smartphones, servers, routers, and other networked devices.
4. Media: Physical or wireless means of transmitting data, such as cables, Wi-Fi, or
cellular networks.

Types of Network Communication

1. Local Area Network (LAN): Communication within a limited geographical area.
2. Wide Area Network (WAN): Communication over a larger geographical area.
3. Wireless Network (WLAN): Communication using wireless media.
4. Internet: A global network of interconnected computers and servers.

Network Communication Models

1. OSI Model: A 7-layered model for network communication (Physical, Data Link,
Network, Transport, Session, Presentation, Application).
2. TCP/IP Model: A 4-layered model for network communication (Network Access,
Internet, Transport, Application).

Network Communication Protocols

1. TCP (Transmission Control Protocol): Ensures reliable data transfer.
2. IP (Internet Protocol): Routes data between devices.
3. HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol): Enables communication between web servers
and clients.
4. FTP (File Transfer Protocol): Enables file transfer between devices.

Network Communication Devices

1. Routers: Forward data between networks.
2. Switches: Forward data within a network.
3. Servers: Provide services and resources to clients.
4. Clients: Request services and resources from servers.

Importance of Network Communication

1. Global Connectivity: Enables communication and data exchange worldwide.
2. Information Sharing: Facilitates the sharing of information and resources.
3. Collaboration: Enables remote collaboration and teamwork.
4. E-commerce: Enables online shopping and electronic commerce.

Challenges and Limitations

1. Security: Vulnerability to cyber attacks and data breaches.
2. Reliability: Dependence on network infrastructure and connectivity.
3. Scalability: Difficulty in scaling network communication to meet growing demands.
4. Interoperability: Challenges in ensuring compatibility between different devices and
systems.