ART REVIEWER that displays the beauty of speech and
language to convey certain meanings.
Lesson 1 Basic Concepts of Arts Performance Art- time-based art form that
typically features a live presentation to an
WHAT IS ART? audience and draws on such arts as acting,
poetry, music, dance, and painting.
- original classical definition was derived
from the Latin word "ars" (meaning
"skill" or "craft“ )
LESSON 2: NATURE AND FUNCTIONS OF ARTS
- "the product of a body of knowledge,
most often using a set of skills." Nature of art- Art is a creative activity that
expresses imaginative or technical skill. It
- Art is something we DO, a verb. Art is an produces a product, an object. The product of
expression of our thoughts, emotions, art is called a work of art. It includes drawing,
intuitions, and desires. It’s about sharing painting, sculpting, photography, performance
the way we experience the world, which for art, dance, music, poetry, prose and theatre.
many is an extension of personality.
- It is the communication of intimate
concepts that cannot be faithfully CLASSIFICATION OF ARTS
portrayed by words alone. ACCORDING TO FUNCTIONS
1.) Motivated (Functional)- Art that can be used
- Art is a highly diverse range of human
on a daily basis.
activities engaged in creating visual,
auditory, or performed artifacts— EX: ARCHITECTURE, WEAVING, FURNITURE-
artworks. MAKING
2.) Non-motivated (Non-functional)- Arts that
can only be displayed.
TYPES OF ART
Visual Art- Arts that meet the eye and evoke an EX: PAINTING, MUSIC, SCULPTURE
emotion through an expression of skill and
imagination. They include the most
ancient/oldest documented forms, such as
THE COMMON FUNCTIONS OF ART
painting, drawing, sculpture, printmaking,
1.) Personal Function- Arts are vehicles for the
photography, and installation art and other
artists’ expression of their feelings and ideas.
visual arts.
Literary Art- Something in the form of writing
or stories that have artistic and cultural value
2.) Social Function- (1) It influences social 3.) EGYPTIAN (3100 BC – 30 BC) AWE-
behaviour. (2) It seeks or tends to influence the INSPIRING ARCHITECTURE OF THE
collective behavior of a people. (3) When it ANCIENT EGYPTIAN INCLUDING THE
addresses aspects of (collective) life as opposed GREAT PYRAMIDS
to one person's point of view or experience.
4.) GREEK AND HELLEMISTIC (850 BC – 31
3.) Spiritual Function- The designs of religious BC) IDEALISM AND PERFECTION
structures tells so many things about the WISDOM AND WELFARE
culture of the faithful.
5.) ROMAN (500 BC – 476 AD) THERE’S A
4.) Educational Function- Art comes to be VAST HISTORY OF ROMAN
regarded as 'time off for good behavior' or as ARCHITECTURE, WHICH YOU CAN
'therapy'" and how the ease and carefreeness LEARN ABOUT IN THIS HISTORY OF
of the arts are supposed to bring joy and a ROMAN ART: INCLUDING THE HISTORY
sense of calmness." OF PATHEON.
5.) Political Function- The statues of national 6.) BYZANTINE AND ISLAMIC (476 AD –
heroes that grace our parks and plazas are 1453 AD) HAGIA SOPHIA AND
commemorative works as are the ALHAMBRA
commissioned paintings of leaders or rulers.
Often they serve to record important historical 7.) MIDDLE AGES (500 – 1400) This was the
events, or reveal the ideals of heroism and era of Celtic and Gothic art, which saw
leadership that the community would want the the rise of intricate gothic cathedrals
young to emulate. and structures like Notre Dame.
6.) Physical Function- Works of art that are 8.) EARLY AND HIGH REINASSANCE (1400 -
created to perform some service such as tools 1550)
and containers are objects which make our lives
MICHAEL ANGELO di LODOVICO
physically comfortable. Works of art that are
BOUNARROTI SIMONI- WAS
created to perform some service have physical
CONSIDERED THE BEST ARTIST IN HIS
functions like vases, benches, chairs, etc.
LIFETIME, AND EVER SINCE THEN HE
HAS BEEN HELD AS GREATEST ARTIST
OF ALL TIME.
LESSON3: HISTORY OF ARTS
LEONARDO di ser PIERO da VINCI-
1.) STONE AGE (30,000 BC – 2,500 BC) KNOWN FOR HIS DRAMATIC AND
CAVE PAINTING; (MINERAL PIGMENT) EXPRESSIVE WORK. HIS KEEN EYE AND
ANIMALS/HUMANS/SYMBOLS. QUICK MIND LED HIM TO MAKE
IMPORTANT SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERIES
2.) MESOPOTAMIAN (3500 BC – 539 BC)
YET HE NEVER PUBLISHED HIS IDEAS.
STONE SCULPTURE AND NARRATIVE
RELIEFS STEELE OF CODE OF DONATO di NICCOLO di BETTO BARDI-
HAMMURABI STANDARD OF UR WAS A FLORENTINE SCULPTOR OF THE
RENAISSANCE PERIOD. HE STUDIED capturing a visual phenomenon rather
CLASSICAL SCULPTURE AND USED HIS than an intensely political or religious
DEVELOP A COMPLETE RENAISSANCE one.
STYLE IN SCULPTURE.
9.) VENETIAN AND NORTHER RENAISSANCE
(1430 – 1550) During this era, the 15.) POST-IMPRESSIONISM (1885 –
Renaissance movement spread from Italy to 1910) An art styles that maintained its
France, Germany, Poland and other philosophy – a rejection of traditional
northern European countries. Bellini, Jan art rules and its focus on perfection but
van Eyck, Bosch, and other artists reigned also rejected it supposed limitation.
during this time 16.) FAUVISM AND EXPRESSIONISM
10.) BAROQUE (1600 – 1750) Baroque (1900 – 1935) It flourishing during and
artists like Rembrandt and Caravaggio after the first World War with its harsh
were well known during this time for colors, bold shape, and often its
the tense, moody, and extremely disturbing emotional content.
dramatic style of their work, reflected in 17.) CUBISM, FUTURISM,
lighting techniques and subject matter SUPREMATIVISM, CONSTRUCTIVISM,
11.) NEO-CLASSICAL (1750 – 1850) It DE STIJL (1905 – 1920) This era saw
was likely the overlapping Age of shapes, abstract objects, and highly
Enlightenment, which saw another turn deconstructed renders of landscapes
towards the scientific over the religious. and other things used as a means of
That set the tone for this era, as well as expression, rather than traditional
the concurrent Industrial Revolution techniques seen before.
12.) ROMANTICISM (1780 – 1850) 18.) DADA AND SURREALISM (1917 –
“THEODORE GERICAULT” EMPHASIS 1950) Rejected so much of traditional
ON THE SELF: as well as a rejection of art that dived into absurdism. Elements
the kind of order that the of dreams and the subconscious were
Enlightenment had imposed in favor of explored with this style, as well as
a more chaotic approach to life wartime horrors.
13.) REALISM (1848 – 1900) Realism 19.) POP ART (1950 – 1960) They were
was the first movement to finally reject interested in advertising, consumer,
all the drama, intensely exaggerated products, television, magazine, and
emotion, and grandeur of other art comics.
styles for a more grounded approach to 20.) NEO EXPRESSIONISM (1980’S) By
human nature. the end of the 1970s a movement
14.) IMPRESSIONISM (1865 – 1900) emerged that threw out the cool ideas
This might be one of the first purely of Minimalism and embraced the
aesthetic art periods, a style focused on
impassioned emotions of 6.) TEXTURE
Expressionism.
7.) FORM
1.) LINE- The foundation of all drawing. It is the
Lesson 4: MEANING OF APPRECIATION AND first and most versatile of the visual elements of
CRETIVITY art. Can be used to suggest shape, pattern,
form, structure, growth, depth, distance,
1.) EXPRESSION- Ability to convey meaning. rhythm, movement and a range of emotions.
- Controversial yet peaceful, simple yet bold. DIFFERENT LINES
- Using their art as their voice to react to the 1.) CURVED LINES- Suggest comfort and
injustices they see in this world. ease.
2.) IMAGINATION- Ability to produce and 2.) HORIZONTAL LINES- Suggest distance
simulate novel objects, peoples and ideas in and calm.
mind. 3.) VERTICAL LINES- Suggest height and
- Ability of the mind to build mental scenes, strength.
objects or events that do not exist, not present, 4.) JAGGED LINES- Suggest turmoil and
or have happened in the past. anxiety.
3.) CREATIVITY- Phenomenon whereby DIFF LINE THAT CONVEY DIFFERENT
something new and somehow valuable is EXPRESSIVE QUALITIES:
formed. 1.) FREEHAND LINES- Personal energy and
mood of the artist.
- Creativity can be matched with Imagination:
for finding solutions and choosing between FREEHAND- Drawing something
options. without depending on instruments or
something else to draw.
2.) MECHANICAL LINES- Express rigid
Lesson 5: VISUAL ELEMENTS OF ARTS AND
control.
DESIGNS
MECHANICAL DRAWING- Combinations
THE VISUAL ELEMENTS OF ART
of straight lines and curved lines that
1.) LINE
show the edges and surfaces of an
2.) SHAPE object.
3.) TONE 3.) CONTINOUS LINES- Unbroken line is
used to develop the image.
4.) COLOR
5.) PATTERN
4.) BROKEN LINES- Express ephemeral or TWO BASIC TYPES OF PATTERN
the insubstantial. 1.) NATURAL PATTERN: Pattern in art is
often based on the inspiration we get
5.) THICK LINES- Can express strength. from observing the natural patterns
6.) THIN LINES- Express delicacy. that occur in nature.
2.) SHAPE- -can be natural or man-made, 2.) MAN-MADE PATTERN: Pattern in art is
regular or irregular, flat (2- dimensional) or solid used for both structural and decorative
(3- dimensional), representational or abstract, purposes.
geometric or organic, transparent or opaque, 6.) TEXTURE- Surface quality of an artwork - the
positive or negative, decorative or symbolic, roughness or smoothness of the material from
colored, patterned or textured. which it is made.
PERSPECTIVE DRAWING- angles and curves of DIFFERENT TEXTURE
shapes appear to change depending on our 1.) OPTICAL TEXTURE: An artist may use
viewpoint. his/her skillful painting technique to
create the illusion of texture.
THE BEHAVIOR OF SHAPES
1.) Shapes can be used to control your 2.) PHYSICAL TEXTURE (Actual/Tactile
feelings in the composition of an texture): can be felt by touching the
artwork. surface of the object or material.
2.) Squares and Rectangles can portray 3.) EPHEMRAL TEXTURE: This is a third
strength and stability. category of textures whose fleeting
forms are subject to change like louds,
3.) Circles and Ellipses can represent
smoke, flames, bubbles and liquids
continuous movement.
7.) FORM- Physical volume of a shape and the
4.) Triangles can lead the eye in an upward
space that it occupies. It can be
movement.
representational or abstract.
5.) Inverted Triangles can create a sense of
imbalance and tension.
Lesson 6: PRINCIPLES OF ARTS
3.) TONE- Lightness or darkness of a color.
1.) BALANCE- -Visual weight of the elements of
4.) COLOR- Visual element that has the
the composition. It is a sense that the painting
strongest effect on our emotions.
feels stable and "feels right." Imbalance causes
5.) PATTERN- Repeating or echoing the a feeling of discomfort in the viewer.
elements of an artwork to communicate a sense
BALANCE CAN BE ACHIEVED IN 3
of balance, harmony, contrast, rhythm or
DIFFERENT WAYS
movement.
1.) SYMMETRY-Both sides of a composition
have the same elements in the same
position, as in a mirror-image, or the Lesson 7: MEDIUMS AND TECHNIQUES IN ART
two sides of a face.
WHAT IS MEDIUM IN ART? Refers to "any raw
2.) ASYMMETRY - the composition is material or mode of expression used in an
balanced due to the contrast of any of artistic or creative activity."
the elements of art.
DIFFERENT TYPES OF MEDIUM
3.) RADIAL SYMMETRY–elements are 1.) ACRYLIC- An acrylic painting is done with
equally spaced around a central point, acrylic paint, the paints made from the
as in the spokes coming out of the hub synthetic resin and have low odor.
of a bicycle tire.
2.) CHALK- Chalk is a stick of compressed
2.) CONTRAST- -The difference between mineral pigment and clay that is composed to
elements of art in a composition, such that each such a fine degree that particles are nearly
element is made stronger in relation to the invisible.
other. When placed next to each other,
3.) CHARCOAL- Charcoal is a soft, black, brittle
contrasting elements command the viewer's
stick made of burnt wood. It makes marks on
attention.
paper or canvas similar to graphite but has a
3.) EMPHASIS- When the artist creates an area warmer appearance.
of the composition that is visually dominant and
- The word charcoal is derived from the Greek
attention. This is commands the viewer's often
word karabbak meaning carrier or coal.
achieved by contrast.
4.) COLORED PENCIL- A colored pencil is a
4.) MOVEMENT-The result of using the
medium in which artists create realistic or
elements of art such that they move the
abstract images that combine color with the
viewer's eye around and within the image.
properties of graphite, a form of mineral based
5.) PATTERN- The uniform repetition of any of pencil lead.
the elements of art or any combination.
5.) GRAPHITE PENCIL- Graphite pencils can be
6.) RHYTHM- Is created by movement implied used in a variety of ways. They can create thin
through the repetition of elements of art in a and thick lines depending on the amount of
non-uniform but organized way. It is related to pressure you apply while drawing.
rhythm in music. Unlike pattern, which
6.) OIL PAINT- Oil paints are made from a base
demands consistency, rhythm relies on variety.
of drying oil such as ground linseed, poppy seed
7.) UNITY/VARIETY- Too much unity creates and walnut being the most common form of
monotony, too much variety creates chaos. You pigment.
need both.
7.) PEN AND INK- Work of art in which the
8.) HARMONY- It refers to how well all the artwork is created using a pen and ink.
visual elements work together in a work of art.
8.) SOFT PASTELS- A soft pastel is a medium painting surface — instead of painting with
composed of a tiny pigment and binder on a brushes to create original abstract art.
stick.
5.) THROWING- In pottery, throwing means
- It is combined with water-soluble gum arabic making a pot from a piece of clay on a potter's
to allow it to adhere to the paper. Soft pastels wheel.
provide a rich velvety matte surface and are
capable of great subtlety. 6.) COLORING- Coloring is the most basic in art.
It requires the use of colors applied to drawings
9.) TEMPERA- Tempera paint is made by mixing of sketches or you may start with colors right
dry pigments with an egg based binder. away.
- The word tempera originally came from the 7.) FLOWING- This techniques is done by mixing
verb temper, “to bring to a desired paints in the cup and flip it on the canvas, pull
consistency.” the cup of and the paint will flow all over the
canvas.
10.) WATERCOLORS- Painting pigment with
water produces something magical: colors that 8.) CUTTING-Papercutting is the art of paper
change as they dry. designs.
WHAT IS techniques IN visual ART? means a 9.) SCRATCHING- It is used to create value
process, or a method of using the medium in a drawings. The most common is a black-and-
manner that he wishes to finish an art work white technique.
10.) ENGRAVING- Engraving is a printmaking
technique that involves making incisions into a
DIFFERENT TECHNIQUES OF VISUAL ARTS
metal plate which retain the ink and form the
1.) BLOWING TECHNIQUES- Blowing techniques
printed image.
requires pushing in air to spread paints, spread
molten crayons on paper or shaped molten 11.) PHOTOGRAPHY- is an actual likeness of the
glass by the use of electric hair blowers. design, it uses a camera to produce the desired
copy. Literally drawing or writing with light.
2.) TRANSFER DESIGN- Transferring design
requires a design in another medium and it will 12.) ETCHING TECHNIQUE- Etching, a method of
be transferred to another medium such as making prints from a metal plate, usually
Xerox copy to boards or another paper by copper, into which the design has been incised
applying acetone and pressure from burnishing by acid.
stick.
13.) PRINTING- Printmaking is the process of
3.) TINKERING- The act of repair or invention. creating artworks by printing, normally on
paper, textiles, boards or metal plates.
4.) SPLATTERING- “Splatter painting” refers to a
set of techniques for using brushes and other
implements to flick, throw, or drip paint onto a
