GRIT ENGLISH CENTER Giải thích từ vựng Bridging the gap 2

UNIT 3

I. WORD FORMATION

WORD DEFINITION VIETNAMESE MEANING

FORMATION

admire (v) to regard with respect, esteem, or approval ngưỡng mộ, kính trọng
/ədˈmaɪər/

admiration (n) a feeling of respect, approval, or high regard sự ngưỡng mộ, sự kính
/ˌædmɪˈreɪʃən/ trọng

admirer (n) a person who admires or holds someone or người ngưỡng mộ, người
/ədˈmaɪərər/ something in high regard hâm mộ

admirable/ deserving admiration or approval đáng ngưỡng mộ, đáng

admiring (adj) kính trọng
/ədˈmaɪərd/ or
/ədˈmaɪərɪŋ/

analyse (v) to examine or study something in detail phân tích, phân loại
/ˈænəˌlaɪz/

analysis/ the process or result of analyzing sự phân tích, bài phân tích/
analyser (n) người phân tích
/əˈnæləsɪs/ or
/ˈænəˌlaɪzər/

analyst (n) a person who is skilled in or specializes in nhà phân tích

/ˈænəlɪst/ analysis

analytic/ relating to or using analysis or logical thuộc về phân tích, có tính

analytical (adj) reasoning logic
/ˌænəˈlɪtɪk/ or
/ˌænəˈlɪtɪkəl/

necessitate (v) to make something necessary or require Bắt phải, đòi hỏi phải, cần
/nəˈsɛsɪˌteɪt/ something to be done phải có

necessity (n) the state or quality of being necessary sự cần thiết, điều cần thiết
/nəˈsɛsəti/

necessaries (n) essential or necessary items or things những thứ cần thiết
/ˈnɛsəsəriz/

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(un)necessary (adj) not needed, essential, or required (không) cần thiết

/(ʌn)ˈnɛsəsəri/

solve (v) to find a solution or answer to a problem or giải quyết, tìm ra lời giải
/sɑlv/ mystery

solution (n) a means of solving a problem or dealing with a giải pháp, cách giải quyết
/səˈluːʃən/ difficult situation

solvable/ able to be solved/not solved có thể giải quyết/ chưa

unsolved (adj) được giải quyết
/ˈsɑlvəbl̩/ or
/ʌnˈsɑlvd/

describe (v) to give an account or representation of mô tả, miêu tả

/dɪsˈkraɪb/ something in words

description (n) a spoken or written representation or account mô tả

/dɪsˈkrɪpʃən/ of something

descriptive (adj) providing information or details mô tả, diễn tả

/dɪˈskrɪptɪv/

nondescript (adj) lacking distinctive or interesting features or không có đặc tính rõ rệt
/ˌnɒndɪˈskrɪpt/ characteristics.

indescribable (adj) too extraordinary, extreme, or intense to be không thể mô tả được

/ɪndɪsˈkraɪbəbl̩/ adequately described

humour (v) to entertain or amuse someone làm vui, làm buồn cười
/ˈhjuːmər/

humour (n) the quality of being funny, amusing, or comical sự hài hước, tính hài hước
/ˈhjuːmər/

humorist (n) a person who is skilled in or known for their nhà văn khôi hài, diễn viên
/ˈhjuːmərɪst/ humorous or witty writing or performances hài

humorous (adj) funny, amusing, or comical hài hước

/ˈhjuːmərəs/

humourless (adj) lacking a sense of humor không hài hước

/ˈhjuːmərləs/

mystify (v) to puzzle or confuse someone làm bối rối, làm khó hiểu
/ˈmɪstəˌfaɪ/

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mystery/ something that is difficult or impossible to sự bí ẩn, sự khó hiểu

mysteriousness (n) understand or explain
/ˈmɪstəri/ or
/mɪˈstɪəriəsnəs/

mystification (n) the act or process of mystifying or puzzling sự làm bối rối
/ˌmɪstəfɪˈkeɪʃən/

mysterious (adj) difficult or impossible to understand, explain, bí ẩn, huyền bí

/mɪˈstɪəriəs/ or identify

luck (n) success or failure apparently brought by may mắn, số phận

/lʌk/ chance rather than through one's own actions

(un)lucky (adj) having or not having good fortune (không) may mắn
/(ʌn)ˈlʌki/

luckless (adj) unfortunate or unlucky không may mắn

/ˈlʌkləs/

naturalise (v) to grant or acquire citizenship of a country nhập quốc tịch, quốc tịch
/ˈnætʃərəˌlaɪz/ hóa

nature (n) the inherent or essential qualities or bản chất, tự nhiên

/ˈneɪtʃər/ characteristics of something

naturalisation (n) the admittance of a foreigner to the citizenship việc nhận quốc tịch, quốc
/ˌnætʃərəlaɪˈzeɪʃən/ of a country. tịch hóa

(un)natural (adj) not existing in or produced by nature (không) tự nhiên

/(ʌn)ˈnætʃərəl/

originate (v) to have a specified beginning or be created or bắt nguồn, xuất phát
/əˈrɪdʒəˌneɪt/ produced

origin (n) the point or place where something begins or is nguồn gốc
/ˈɔrɪdʒən/ created

original (n) something that is the first of its kind or the nguyên bản
/əˈrɪdʒənəl/ source from which something is derived

originality (n) the quality of being new, unique, or creative tính độc đáo, tính sáng tạo
/əˌrɪdʒəˈnæləti/

originator (n) a person who creates or initiates something người sáng tạo, người khởi
/əˈrɪdʒəˌneɪtər/ xướng

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(un)original (adj) not new, unique, or creative (không) độc đáo, (không)
/(ʌn)əˈrɪdʒənəl/ sáng tạo

perfect (v) to make something as good as possible hoàn thiện, làm tốt nhất
/pərˈfɛkt/

(im)perfection (n) the state or quality of being perfect or (không) hoàn hảo
/(ɪm)pərˈfɛkʃən/ imperfect

perfectionism (n) the wish for everything to be correct or perfect chủ nghĩa hoàn hảo
/pərˈfɛkʃənˌɪzəm/

perfectionist (n) a person who has a strong desire for perfection người theo đuổi hoàn thiện,
/pərˈfɛkʃənɪst/ or sets high standards for themselves or others người cầu toàn

(im)perfect (adj) having or lacking flaws or faults (không) hoàn hảo

/(ɪm)ˈpɜrfɪkt/

II. PREPOSITIONS AND REPHRASING

PREPOSITIONS DEFINITION VIETNAMESE EXAMPLE

AND MEANING
REPHRASING

on impulse without premeditation or một cách bốc She bought the dress on impulse
careful thought đồng without thinking it through.

be offended by to feel hurt, upset, or bị xúc phạm bởi I was offended by his rude
resentful as a result of comment.
someone's actions or
words

be against to be opposed to or in phản đối, chống They are against the new
disagreement with lại proposed policy.
something

considerate showing thoughtfulness, chu đáo, quan tâm He is considerate of others and
of/towards care, and concern for đến always shows kindness towards
others them.

without thinking acting or speaking không suy nghĩ, Without thinking, she blurted
without giving it careful bốc đồng out a response that she later
thought or consideration regretted.

take offence at to feel hurt or offended by bị xúc phạm, bị He took offence at her criticism
something tổn thương vì điều and felt hurt by it.

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gì

raise/voice to express disapproval or đề nghị phản đối, During the meeting, several
objections at disagreement with đưa ra ý kiến members raised objections to
something phản đối the proposed changes.

show to act in a thoughtful and thể hiện sự quan She showed consideration for
consideration respectful manner tâm, chu đáo đối her friend by offering to help
for/towards towards others với during a difficult time.

plenty of a large quantity or rất nhiều, đầy đủ There are plenty of options
number of something available for dinner tonight.

fond of having a strong liking or thích, yêu thích He is fond of playing guitar and
affection for someone or spends hours practicing.
something

protest against/ to express strong phản đối, biểu The protestors gathered to
about disapproval or objection tình chống lại protest against the
to something government's decision.

convince of to make someone believe thuyết phục, làm The evidence presented
or feel sure about cho tin tưởng convinced me of his innocence.
something

in abundance in large quantities or dồi dào, phong The garden is filled with
amounts phú beautiful flowers in abundance.

popular with liked, admired, or enjoyed được nhiều người The new movie is popular with
by many people ưa chuộng audiences of all ages.

object to to express or feel phản đối, phản đề They strongly object to the
disapproval, dislike, or construction of the new
opposition to something building.

dissuade from to persuade someone not cản trở, ngăn cản I tried to dissuade her from
to do or believe making a risky investment.
something

have faith/ to believe in or trust tin tưởng, tin cậy I have faith in his abilities and
confidence in = someone or something vào believe he will succeed.
put one’s money
on = bank on

there’s a (good) it is likely or probable có khả năng (tốt), There's a good chance that it
chance = the có khả năng lớn will rain tomorrow.
chances are
(that) = in all

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likelihood/prob
ability

pay no attention to ignore or disregard không chú ý, phớt She paid no attention to the
to = take no something lờ criticism and continued with
notice of = turn her work.
a blind eye/deaf
ear to

have the to plan or desire to do có ý định, dự định I have the intention of traveling
intention of = something làm gì to Europe next year.
have in mind =
have plans to =
mean to = set
out to (do)

in due course at the appropriate or đúng lúc, đúng In due course, they will
expected time thời điểm announce the winner of the
competition.

off the record not for publication or không chính thức, Off the record, he shared some
public knowledge không được công confidential information with
khai me.

in recent years during the past few years trong những năm In recent years, technology has
gần đây advanced rapidly.

confess to to admit or acknowledge thú nhận, thú tội He confessed to his mistake and
something, especially apologized.
something considered
wrong or embarrassing

at times sometimes, occasionally đôi khi, thỉnh At times, life can be challenging
thoảng and unpredictable.

beneath deserving no respect or không đáng xem His behavior is beneath

contempt consideration xét, không đáng contempt and shows a lack of
chú ý morals.

at liberty free, not restricted or tự do, không bị They were at liberty to make
constrained hạn chế their own decisions.

in the early at the beginning or initial ở giai đoạn đầu, ở The project is still in the early
stages phase of something giai đoạn ban đầu stages of development.

in turmoil in a state of great trong tình trạng The company is in turmoil due
confusion, disorder, or hỗn loạn, xáo trộn to internal conflicts.
upheaval

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in need of requiring or lacking cần, thiếu cái gì The community is in need of

something necessary or support and assistance.
desirable

on the right progressing or moving in trên đúng hướng, The research is on the right
track the correct or proper đi đúng đường track to finding a cure for the
direction disease.

in line with in accordance or phù hợp với, theo The new policy is in line with
agreement with đúng the company's goals and values.
something

in the interest of for the benefit or vì lợi ích của, vì In the interest of fairness,
advantage of someone or mục tiêu của everyone will have an equal
something opportunity.

in (the) light of considering, taking into xem xét, cân nhắc In light of recent events,
account theo additional security measures
have been implemented.

cast doubt on to cause uncertainty or gây nghi ngờ, gieo His statement cast doubt on the
make something rắc nghi ngờ credibility of the witness.
questionable

for the time for the present or current trong thời gian For the time being, let's focus on
being period hiện tại, tạm thời completing the current task.

in retrospect upon reflection or looking nhìn lại, suy ngẫm In retrospect, she realized she
back on past events sau khi xảy ra should have made a different
decision.

aware of having knowledge or nhận thức, ý thức She is aware of the potential
perception of something về risks involved in the project.

with regard to concerning or in relation liên quan đến, về With regard to your question, I
to something mặt can provide more information.

III. ADDITIONAL EXPRESSIONS

ADDITIONAL DEFINITION VIETNAMESE EXAMPLE

EXPRESSIONS MEANING

fall on hard to experience a period of rơi vào hoàn cảnh He fell on hard times after
times financial or personal khó khăn losing his job and struggling
difficulty to find a new one.

fall into place When things fall into place, diễn ra tốt đẹp After careful planning, all the
they happen in a pieces fell into place and the
satisfactory way, without project was a success.

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problems

fall into to lose favor or popularity mất lòng tin, mất sự Due to his controversial
disfavour ưa thích remarks, he fell into
disfavour with the public.

fall (down) on to kneel, typically as a sign quỳ gối Overwhelmed by emotion,

one’s knees of submission, supplication, she fell down on her knees
or reverence and prayed.

fall foul of to come into conflict or gặp rắc rối, xảy ra He fell foul of the law when
disagreement with someone mâu thuẫn he was caught speeding.
or something

fall into to fail to make regular nợ nần, chậm trễ Unable to pay his bills, he fell
arrears payments or meet financial trong thanh toán into arrears and faced
obligations on time financial difficulties.

fall short of to fail to reach a particular không đạt được, Despite their efforts, their
standard or expectation không đủ performance fell short of
expectations.

fall flat to fail or be unsuccessful, thất bại, không The comedian's joke fell flat
especially in an thành công and didn't elicit any laughter
embarrassing or from the audience.
disappointing wa

fall to to break apart or sụp đổ, tan rã Devastated by the loss, she
pieces/bits disintegrate fell to pieces and couldn't
hold back her tears.

fall into decay/ to deteriorate or decline in suy tàn, xuống cấp The old building has fallen
disrepair condition into decay and is in need of
renovation.

fall from to lose respect, favor, or mất danh tiếng, mất Once a respected politician,
grace/ favour high status sự ưa thích he fell from grace and lost
public support.

fall on deaf to be ignored or không được lắng Despite pleading for help,
ears disregarded, especially nghe, không được her pleas fell on deaf ears
when making a request or chú ý and no one came to her aid.
expressing an opinion

it stands to it is logical or reasonable điều đó là hợp lý It stands to reason that if you

reason study hard, you will get good
grades.

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know where to understand someone's hiểu rõ định vị, I know where I stand with
one stands position, intentions, or quan hệ với ai her because she is always
with sbd feelings towards you honest and straightforward.

not have a leg to have no valid argument, không có cơ sở, lý Without any evidence, he
to stand on evidence, or support for do để tự bảo vệ doesn't have a leg to stand
one's position on in the argument.

stand trial to face legal proceedings as đối mặt với phiên The defendant will stand
(for) a defendant in a court of law tòa trial for the charges brought
against him.

stand the to endure or withstand chịu đựng được áp Despite the challenging
strain pressure, stress, or difficulty lực, khó khăn circumstances, she was able
to stand the strain and
persevere.

stand in one’s to obstruct or hinder cản trở, ngăn cản ai Don't let anyone stand in
way/ path someone's progress or đó your way or hinder your
success progress.

stand the test to remain successful, tồn tại và thành The classic novel has stood
of time popular, or relevant over a công qua thời gian the test of time and
long period of time continues to be popular.

stand on one’s to be self-reliant and tự lập, tự tin She has learned to stand on
own two feet independent her own two feet and be
independent.

stand to to have a possibility or có cơ hội giành If you invest wisely, you

win/gain/lose likelihood of winning, chiến thắng, đạt stand to gain a significant
…. gaining, or losing được, hoặc mất return on your investment.

stand a (good) to have a high likelihood or có cơ hội (tốt) để With his skills and
chance of probability of something experience, he stands a good
happening chance of getting the job.

stand out a to be extremely obvious or rõ như ban ngày, Her talent and charisma
mile easily noticed nổi bật make her stand out a mile
among the other candidates.

IV. COLLOCATIONS

COLLOCATIONS DEFINITION VIETNAMESE EXAMPLE

MEANING

drastic change a significant and extreme thay đổi mạnh mẽ, The company underwent a
change quyết liệt drastic change in its

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management structure.

stark naked completely nude, without trần trụi, hoàn toàn He walked into the room
any clothing không mặc gì stark naked, causing
everyone to gasp in surprise.

necessary evil something unpleasant or tai ương không Some people see taxes as a
undesirable that is tránh khỏi necessary evil to fund public
considered necessary services.

unknown a person or thing whose nguyên tố chưa biết, The new employee is still an
quantity capabilities, qualities, or không xác định unknown quantity, as we're
effects are not yet known unsure of their capabilities.
or understood

ample a plentiful or sufficient cơ hội đầy đủ, They were given ample
opportunity amount of opportunity phong phú opportunity to present their
ideas during the meeting.

wholeheartedly with complete sincerity, hết lòng, toàn tâm She supported the cause
enthusiasm, or toàn ý wholeheartedly and
commitment dedicated her time and
resources to it.

strictly completely prohibited or nghiêm cấm, cấm kỵ It is strictly forbidden to

forbidden not allowed under any enter the restricted area
circumstances without proper
authorization.

high spot a notable or outstanding điểm nổi bật The concert's high spot was
feature or moment when the singer performed
her most popular song.

high life a luxurious or extravagant cuộc sống xa hoa, He lived a life of luxury and
lifestyle sang trọng indulgence, enjoying the
high life.

soft option an easy or lenient choice sự lựa chọn dễ dàng, Taking the easy way out is a
or alternative không gắng sức soft option, but it may not
lead to personal growth.

soft spot a strong liking or affection sự thích, yêu thích Despite his tough exterior,
for someone or something đặc biệt he has a soft spot for animals
and always helps strays.

soft touch a person who is easily người dễ bị lừa dối, He's known as a soft touch
influenced or taken dễ đánh lừa because he's easily
advantage of persuaded or taken
advantage of.

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inside job a crime or wrongdoing vụ án do người The investigation revealed

committed by someone trong nội bộ gây ra that it was an inside job,
within an organization or committed by someone
within the organization.
group

inside confidential or exclusive thông tin nội bộ She had inside information
information knowledge about about the upcoming product
something launch and shared it with
her team.

dead easy extremely easy dễ như trở bàn tay Solving the puzzle was dead
easy; it required minimal
effort.

dead simple extremely simple đơn giản đến tột The instructions were dead
cùng simple to follow, even for a
beginner.

dead tired extremely tired kiệt sức, mệt mỏi After a long day of work, I
đến cùng was dead tired and ready to
go to bed.

prime example an excellent or outstanding ví dụ điển hình The success story of that
example of something entrepreneur is considered a
prime example of achieving
goals.

prime rate the lowest rate of interest lãi suất cơ bản The prime rate is the
at which money may be interest rate offered to the
borrowed commercially. most creditworthy
borrowers.

untold harm a significant or extensive thiệt hại không đếm His actions caused untold
amount of harm xuể harm to the reputation of the
company.

untold damage a significant or extensive tổn thất không đếm The storm caused untold
amount of damage xuể damage to homes and
infrastructure in the area.

bone idle extremely lazy or inactive cực lười He's bone idle and never
does any work; he's always
lazy.

bone dry completely dry khô cạn After days without rain, the
ground became bone dry
and cracked.

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flying visit a short or brief visit, chuyến thăm ngắn, She made a flying visit to her
usually hurried or nhanh chóng hometown, staying only for a
unplanned few hours.

flying start a very successful or khởi đầu mạnh mẽ, The team got off to a flying
energetic beginning thành công start by scoring two goals
within the first five minutes.

V. ADVERB + SETS OF ADJECTIVE/NOUN

ADVERB DEFINITION VIETNAMESE ADJECTIVE/NOUN/VERB

MEANING

sharply in a sudden, abrupt, or steep một cách đột ngột, contrast, criticise, defined,
/ˈʃɑrpli/ manner sắc nét divided

deeply to a great extent or intensity sâu, rất sâu regret, breathe, ingrained
/ˈdipli/

fully completely or entirely hoàn toàn, toàn bộ concur, qualified, booked,

/ˈfʊli/ aware, divided

emotionally relating to or involving có tính chất cảm involved, disturbed

/ɪˈmoʊʃənəli/ emotions or feelings xúc

miserably in a very unhappy or một cách đáng die, fail

/ˈmɪzərəbli/ unfortunate manner thương, không may

tastefully done or designed with good một cách duyên furnished, decorated
/ˈteɪstfəli/ taste and style dáng, tinh tế

favourably in a positive or approving một cách tán thành, consider, look upon
/ˈfeɪvərəbli/ manner ủng hộ

severely to an undesirably great or nghiêm trọng punish(ed), handicapped

/səˈvɪrli/ intense degree.

wholly completely or entirely hoàn toàn, toàn bộ immaterial, convinced

/ˈhoʊli/

VI. RELATED WORDS: BREAKING THE LAW

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WORD DEFINITION VIETNAMESE EXAMPLE

MEANING

hijacker (n) a person who illegally seizes người cướp máy The hijacker took control of
/ˈhaɪˌdʒækər/ control of a vehicle, such as bay/tàu the plane and demanded a
an airplane or ship, by force ransom.
or threat

terrorist (n) a person who uses violence, kẻ khủng bố The hijacker took control of
/ˈtɛrərɪst/ threats, or intimidation for the plane and demanded a
political or ideological ransom.
purposes

kidnapper (n) a person who abducts or kẻ bắt cóc The kidnapper demanded a
/ˈkɪdˌnæpər/ takes someone by force or large sum of money in
threat, often demanding exchange for the safe
ransom release of the hostage.

arsonist (n) a person who intentionally kẻ phóng hỏa The arsonist set fire to the
/ˈɑrsənɪst/ sets fire to property abandoned building,
causing significant damage.

stowaway (n) a person who hides on a kẻ lén lút lên tàu, lên The stowaway managed to
/ˈstoʊəˌweɪ/ vehicle or ship in order to xe hide on the ship and
travel without paying or traveled without being
being detected detected.

smuggler (n) a person who illegally kẻ buôn lậu The smuggler was caught at
/ˈsmʌɡlər/ imports or exports goods the border with illegal
without paying customs drugs hidden in their
duties or taxes vehicle.

gangster (n) a member of a criminal gang, kẻ xã hội đen The notorious gangster was
/ˈɡæŋstər/ often involved in organized involved in various criminal
crime activities and controlled a
network of criminals.

drug dealer (n) a person who sells illegal kẻ buôn bán ma túy The drug dealer was
/drʌɡ ˈdiːlər/ drugs arrested for trafficking
narcotics in the city.

burglar (n) a person who illegally enters kẻ trộm The burglar broke into the
/ˈbɜrɡlər/ a building, typically with the house and stole valuable
intent to steal items while the residents
were away.

murderer (n) a person who has committed kẻ giết người The murderer was
/ˈmɜrdərər/ the crime of murder convicted of killing multiple
victims and received a life
sentence.

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get away with to escape punishment for a thoát tội giết người The criminal managed to
murder serious wrongdoing get away with murder,
evading capture and
punishment for their crime.

it’s murder on to be painful or harmful for gây đau đớn cho cái Wearing high heels all day
one’s feet, something gì is murder on my feet; they
back, etc,... get sore and tired.

scream/cry to scream or protest loudly kêu la, hét, than van The child screamed blue
blue murder and dramatically nức nở murder when she realized
her ice cream had fallen on
the ground.

robber (n) a person who steals from a kẻ cướp She screamed when she
/ˈrɑbər/ person or place, typically saw the robber.
using force or threat

daylight a person who openly or kẻ lợi dụng, cướp lấy The daylight robber
robber (n) shamelessly takes advantage một cách trắng trợn targeted businesses during
of others open hours, stealing money
and valuables.

rob Peter to to take from one source or lấy của người này để He had to rob Peter to pay
pay paul person to pay another, often trả nợ cho người Paul, taking money from
resulting in a never-ending khác one source to cover debts
cycle of debts or obligations owed to another.

spy (n) a person who secretly kẻ gián điệp The spy infiltrated the
/spaɪ/ collects information on enemy organization to
behalf of a government or gather information and
organization relay it back to their own
side.

vandal/hooliga a person who intentionally kẻ phá hoại, côn đồ The vandal defaced public
n (n) destroys or damages property with graffiti,
/ˈvændl̩/ or property, often in a reckless causing damage to the
or malicious manner cityscape.
/ˈhulɪɡən/

assassin (n) a person who is hired to kẻ ám sát The assassin was hired to
/əˈsæsɪn/ murder someone, typically eliminate a high-profile
for political or ideological target and carried out the
reasons mission discreetly.

deserter (n) a person who abandons their người trốn đi lính The deserter abandoned
/dɪˈzɜrtər/ duty or post, especially in the their post in the military
military, without permission and fled without
authorization.

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rats deserting when people abandon or người vội vã rời bỏ When the company went
a sinking ship leave a situation or tổ chức khi nó thất bankrupt, employees
organization that is in bại deserted like rats fleeing a
trouble or failing sinking ship.

shoplifter (n) a person who steals trộm vặt The shoplifter was caught
/ˈʃɑplɪftər/ merchandise from a store stealing items from the
store and faced legal
consequences.

pickpocket (n) a person who steals from the kẻ móc túi The pickpocket skillfully
/ˈpɪkpɑkɪt/ pockets or bags of others, stole wallets from
typically in crowded places unsuspecting victims in
crowded areas.

steal the show to attract the most attention thu hút sự chú ý The talented performer
or praise in a performance or nhất stole the show with their
event exceptional singing and
dancing skills.

steal one’s to capture or win someone's làm say lòng ai đó, Her charismatic personality
heart affection or love chiếm trái tim ai đó and kind nature stole my
heart when we first met.

VII. EXPRESSION

EXPRESSION DEFINITION VIETNAMESE EXAMPLE

MEANING

not take kindly to to react negatively or không thích, không The strict teacher does not
unfavorably to hài lòng với take kindly to students who
something disrupt the class.

have sth against to hold a grudge or có điều gì không I don't know why she has
sb resentment towards hài lòng với ai something against me; she
someone always gives me a cold
shoulder.

not be keen on/ to not have a strong không hứng thú, He's not keen on spicy food, so
fond of liking or enthusiasm for không thích he avoids eating it.
something

cannot stand/ to strongly dislike or không thể chịu Aunt Gloria can't stand the
bear (the sight of have an intense aversion đựng, không thể sight of cats.
sb) to someone nhìn thấy ai

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give one the to cause someone to feel gây ám ảnh, gây I cannot stand the sight of that
creeps uneasy, uncomfortable, kinh tởm person; they give me the
or frightened creeps.

not be crazy about to not be very không mê, không She is not crazy about horror
enthusiastic or thích một cách đặc movies; they're just not her
passionate about biệt thing.
something

one’s name is mud to have a bad reputation danh tiếng xấu After his reckless behavior, his
or be widely disliked name is mud among his
colleagues.

not be to one’s to not be enjoyable or không phù hợp với The idea of swimming with
liking/ not be appealing to someone sở thích, không làm sharks is not to my liking; I
one’s thing hài lòng prefer calmer activities.

have it in for to have a strong and có ác ý với ai I don't know why she has it in
persistent desire to for me; she always seems to
harm or criticize find fault with everything I do.
someone

turn against sbd to become hostile or đổi mặt với ai, trở The once loyal supporters
unfriendly towards nên thù địch với ai turned against the politician
someone after the scandal was exposed.

(not) be one’s to (not) be someone's (không) phù hợp It's not her purpose to
type preferred or desired với gu mình tantalize that guy, he is too
romantic or personal bananas, not her type.
preference

not relish the to feel unenthusiastic or không háo hức với I don't relish the thought of
thought/ prospect reluctant about ý nghĩ/hi vọng về public speaking; it makes me
of something that is điều gì nervous.
expected or anticipated

take pleasure/ (a) to enjoy or find joy in tận hưởng, hài lòng She takes pleasure in helping
delight in something với điều gì others and has a heart of gold.

have fun/a good/ to enjoy oneself and vui vẻ, có thời gian We had a wonderful time at
wonderful time have a positive and tốt the party; we danced and
enjoyable experience laughed all night.

have/be a (good) to have a fun or có thời gian vui vẻ, Going on a road trip with
laugh enjoyable time, often in thú vị friends is always a good laugh;
a humorous or we have so much fun together.
entertaining way

get a kick out of to derive excitement, tận hưởng, háo hức He gets a kick out of solving
pleasure, or enjoyment với điều gì challenging puzzles and

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from something riddles.

live it up to enjoy life to the fullest sống hết mình, tận While on vacation, she decided
hưởng cuộc sống to live it up and enjoy every
moment.

be in one’s to be in a situation or trong phạm vi She is in her element when

element environment where one chuyên môn, trong she's on stage performing in
feels comfortable, yếu tố của bản thân front of a large audience.
capable, or successful

get a lot of to derive a significant tận hưởng rất He gets a lot of pleasure out of
pleasure out of/ amount of pleasure or nhiều niềm vui từ painting and finds it
from satisfaction from điều gì therapeutic.
something

have the time of to have an incredibly có thời gian tuyệt She had the time of her life at
one’s life enjoyable and vời nhất trong đời the music festival; the
memorable experience atmosphere was amazing.

get a lot out of to derive significant thu được rất nhiều Volunteering at the shelter has
benefits or value from giá trị từ điều gì been rewarding; I get a lot out
something of helping the animals.

have a whale of to have an extremely có một khoảng thời We had a whale of a time at
time enjoyable or exciting gian vui vẻ, thú vị the amusement park; the rides
time were thrilling.

have a heart of to be kind, generous, có trái tim vàng, tốt Despite his tough exterior, he
gold and compassionate bụng has a heart of gold and is
always there to help others.

one’s heart goes to feel deep sympathy or trái tim rung động My heart goes out to the
out to compassion for vì ai victims of the natural disaster;
someone it's a heartbreaking situation.

have a lot of/ no to feel understanding or có rất nhiều/không I have no sympathy for people
sympathy for compassion (or lack có lòng thông cảm who cheat and take advantage
thereof) towards đối với ai of others.
someone's situation

one’s heart is in to have good intentions trái tim đặt đúng She may have made mistakes,
the right place or a sincere desire to do chỗ but her heart is in the right
what is right place, and she genuinely wants
to help.

feel (sorry) for to have sympathy or cảm thấy tiếc, đồng I feel sorry for him; he has
empathy towards cảm với ai been through a lot recently.
someone

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a shoulder to cry a person who provides một người để dựa She was there for me when I
on emotional support and vào, để tâm sự needed support; she was a
comfort to someone in shoulder to cry on.
distress

go easy on to be lenient or forgiving làm nhẹ tay, khoan Go easy on him; he's going
towards someone dung với ai through a tough time right
now.

have one’s to express one's sincere chia sẻ lòng chia Please accept my deepest
deepest sympathy condolences or buồn chân thành sympathy for your loss; my
understanding towards thoughts are with you.
someone

one’s heart bleeds to feel great sympathy trái tim đau đớn vì It's heartbreaking to see the
for sbd or sorrow for someone's ai suffering of those in need; my
suffering heart bleeds for them.

take pity on to feel compassion or thương xót, thương Take pity on him; he's
sympathy for someone hại ai struggling and could use some
and act accordingly help.

not take kindly to not welcome or be khó chấp nhận cái The strict teacher does not
pleased by (someone or gì take kindly to students who
something). disrupt the class.

turn against sb to become hostile or đổi mặt với ai, trở The once loyal supporters
unfriendly towards nên thù địch với ai turned against the politician
someone after the scandal was exposed.

have sth against to have a negative có ác cảm với She has something against me,
sb/ sth feeling, bias, or ai/cái gì but I'm not sure why; she
resentment towards always gives me the creeps.
someone or something

it’s not one’s thing it's not something that không phải thứ Horror movies are not my
one enjoys or is mình thích thing; they don't appeal to me.
interested in

be just the thing to be exactly what is là đúng thứ cần Going to the beach sounds
needed or suitable thiết perfect; it could be just the
thing I need to relax.

could tell sbd a to have a lot of có thể nói rất nhiều After years of experience, I
thing or two knowledge or điều với ai could tell you a thing or two
experience to share with about managing a business.
someone

give sbd the cold to intentionally ignore coi thường, không She gave me the cold shoulder
shoulder or show indifference to để ý tới ai and didn't acknowledge my
someone presence.

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have a chip on to be easily provoked or có tâm lý tự ti, dễ He always acts defensive and
one’s shoulder sensitive about a bị kích động has a chip on his shoulder; it's
particular issue hard to approach him.

element of society a particular group or thành phần của xã The neighborhood is a

segment of society hội dangerous element of society
with high crime rates.

element of truth a small amount or phần nhỏ của sự There is an element of truth in
aspect of truth in a thật what he said, but it's not the
statement or situation whole story.

take a dim view of to disapprove or have a đánh giá không tốt The strict teacher takes a dim
negative opinion of về view of students who do not
something complete their assignments.

take a stand to publicly oppose or đứng ra phản đối, I will take a stand against
against express disagreement chống lại injustice and fight for what is
with something right.

stand a chance to have a possibility or có cơ hội, có khả Despite the odds, she believed
likelihood of success năng she still stood a chance of
winning the competition.

escape one’s to go unnoticed or not tránh qua mắt ai, I can't believe that mistake
notice be noticed by someone không được chú ý escaped my notice; I should
have caught it.

at short notice with little advance trong thời gian We received a job offer at
warning or time ngắn, không có short notice and had to make a
thời gian chuẩn bị quick decision.

stand in one’s way to obstruct or hinder cản trở, ngăn cản ai Don't let obstacles stand in
someone's progress or đạt được mục tiêu your way; pursue your dreams
goal with determination.

raise an alarm to sound a warning or kêu gọi cảnh báo, The loud noise raised an
call for help cầu cứu alarm, alerting everyone to the
danger.

raise an objection to express a đề nghị phản đối, He raised an objection during

disagreement or protest phản đối the meeting to express his
about something concerns.

raise one’s voice to speak louder or shout nói lớn hơn, hét lên She raised her voice to be
heard over the noise of the
crowd.

have one’s ear to to be well-informed luôn cập nhật He always has his ear to the
the ground about current events or thông tin, nắm bắt ground and knows the latest
developments tình hình news and rumors.

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go in one ear and to be quickly forgotten đi vào tai này ra tai No matter how many times I
out the other or not retained in kia, không ghi nhớ explain it to him, it just goes in
memory được one ear and out the other.

play it by ear to make decisions or tùy cơ ứng biến We don't have a plan yet; let's
take action based on the play it by ear and see how
circumstances as they things develop.
arise

draw money to withdraw money rút tiền từ tài He went to the bank to draw
(from a bank) from a bank account khoản ngân hàng money for his vacation
expenses.

(date) draws as a specified date khi ngày cụ thể đến As the deadline draws closer,
closer approaches gần the pressure to finish the
project increases.

drew level with to reach the same level đạt đến cùng một He drew level with his
or position as someone mức độ hoặc vị trí opponent in the final lap of the
or something race.

bear a/no to share similarities or có sự tương The two siblings bear a

resemblance not have any similarities đồng/không có sự striking resemblance to each
with someone or tương đồng other.
something

bear sbd ill-will to feel or harbor có ác cảm với ai He bears me ill-will because I
negative feelings or disagreed with him in the past.
animosity towards
someone

bear (the flag) to carry or represent a mang/biểu tượng The soldiers bear the flag
particular flag or symbol proudly as they march in the
parade.

head for (a place) to move or travel hướng tới/đi đến We decided to head for the
towards a particular một nơi beach to enjoy the sunny
place weather.

head (an to be in charge of or lead dẫn dắt, điều tra She was appointed to head the
investigation) an investigation investigation into the financial
fraud.

head (a/the ball) to make the first contact làm tiếp xúc đầu He took the initiative and
with the ball in a game tiên với bóng trong headed the ball into the net,
or sport trò chơi hoặc môn scoring a goal.
thể thao

VIII. VOCABULARY

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WORD DEFINITION VIETNAMESE EXAMPLE

MEANING

disciplinarian (n) a person who enforces người có kỷ luật PID control is the disciplinarian
/dɪsˌɪplɪˈnɛəriən/ discipline or strict rules frequently used in feed - back
control system.

remote (adj) far away in distance or xa xôi, xa cách They live in a remote area, far
/rɪˈmoʊt/ time; away from the city.

nurturer (n) someone who provides người nuôi She is a nurturing mother who
/ˈnɜrtʃərər/ care, support, and dưỡng cares deeply for her children's
nourishment well-being.

rate (v) to assign a value or đánh giá, xếp Rate this product on a scale of 1
/reɪt/ determine the speed or hạng to 5 stars.
frequency of something

delinquency (n) wrongful or illegal tội phạm, hành vi The delinquency rate among
/dɪˈlɪŋkwənsi/ behavior, especially by sai trái teenagers has been a concern in
a young person recent years.

cheer (v) to express joy or cổ vũ, vỗ tay The crowd cheered as the team
/tʃɪər/ approval by shouting or scored a goal.
clapping

plot (n) a secret plan or scheme, âm mưu, mưu đồ The plot of the movie was filled
/plɒt/ often to do something with twists and surprises.
illegal or harmful

endeavour (n) a serious attempt or nỗ lực, cố gắng She made an endeavor to

/ɪnˈdɛvər/ effort to achieve complete the project on time.
something

conflict (n) a serious disagreement xung đột, tranh There is a conflict between the
/ˈkɒnflɪkt/ or clash between cãi two parties over the ownership
people or ideas of the land.

flexibility (n) the ability to adapt or tính linh hoạt The company offers flexibility in
/flɛksəˈbɪləti/ change easily according work hours to accommodate
to different different schedules.
circumstances

wrap up to complete or finish kết thúc, hoàn Let's wrap up the meeting and
something thành discuss the next steps.

courting disaster engaging in actions that chơi trò nguy Speeding on the icy roads is
are likely to lead to a hiểm, mạo hiểm courting disaster.
negative or dangerous
outcome

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engender (v) to cause or give rise to a gây ra, sinh ra The new policies aim to engender
/ɪnˈdʒɛndər/ particular feeling, a sense of community among
situation, or condition employees.

negotiate (v) to discuss or bargain in đàm phán, They need to negotiate the terms
/nɪˈɡoʊʃieɪt/ order to reach an thương lượng of the contract before finalizing
agreement or the deal.
compromise

contribute (v) to give or provide đóng góp, góp Everyone is expected to

/kənˈtrɪbjut/ something, typically phần contribute to the success of the
money or assistance, project.
towards a cause or
project

stick to to continue doing or kiên trì, tuân thủ It's important to stick to the plan
following something and not deviate from it.
firmly or consistently

on the run fleeing from authorities đang truy nã, The fugitive is on the run from
or in a state of escape or đang trốn chạy the authorities.
hiding

conduct (v) to organize and carry tiến hành, tổ He conducted himself

/kənˈdʌkt/ out a particular activity chức professionally during the
or event meeting.

cause concern to create worry or gây quan ngại The recent increase in crime
unease rates has caused concern among
residents.

pull over to move a vehicle to the dừng xe, đỗ xe The police officer signaled the
side of the road and driver to pull over to the side of
stop the road.

distraction (n) something that diverts sự phân tâm Using a phone while driving is a
/dɪˈstrækʃən/ attention or prevents major distraction that can lead to
concentration accidents.

show up to arrive or appear, xuất hiện, hiện ra Please show up on time for the
especially at a planned meeting.
event or meeting

lapse (n) a temporary failure or mất tập trung Due to a lapse in judgment, he
/læps/ slip in concentration or made a costly mistake.
judgment

optional (adj) not required or tùy chọn, không Participation in extracurricular

/ˈɒpʃənəl/ mandatory bắt buộc activities is optional for students.

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jerky (adj) characterized by giật giật The jerky movements of the train
/ˈdʒɜrki/ sudden, uneven made some passengers feel
movements nauseous.

traction (n) the grip or adhesion of lực kéo, lực cản The car lost traction on the wet
/ˈtrækʃən/ a tire or wheel on a trở road and skidded.
surface

underestimate (v) to estimate or judge đánh giá thấp, It's important not to
/ʌndərˈɛstəˌmeɪt/ something to be less đánh giá không underestimate the impact of
important, powerful, or đúng climate change.
capable than it actually
is

skid (n) a sliding or slipping trượt, trượt bánh The car lost traction on the wet
/skɪd/ motion, typically xe road and skidded.
sideways, as a result of
loss of traction

out of control unable to be managed mất kiểm soát The car went out of control and
or restrained crashed into a tree.

ease off to decrease in intensity giảm bớt, làm dịu After a long day of work, it's time
or speed to ease off and relax.

refrain from to abstain or hold back kiềm chế, cẩn It's best to refrain from making
from doing something trọng negative comments about others.

stabilise (v) to make or become ổn định, cân bằng The medication helped stabilize
/ˈsteɪbəˌlaɪz/ stable or steady her condition and improve her
health.

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