e PYTHON \ PROGRAMMING NOTES | Choe a R s HIMANI SAINI = sae= Date ... jo ~~ EyrHoN._PROGRAMIMING c- Into ducing Python - be: i — ea &_a_high- level genus = purpose and ves. it opular progr tng. tanga : 2 a! uate veh usd tn Gwe development, Machine learn. - -tag applied ete. eae ee Pytflon fuegrame ae Cd Smaller than the othes jin Hogrammin dong uages . — Puogrammers VU have to type Helatively less and the tadentation requirement of the Janguage makes tens a eadable at ihe time. + i> Voi Simple Syntax. 2 fasy to learn, t v oT Cv ~ a ooh ay | paint (“ Helto”) > = = General pusipose Janguage ( Simple yeh very powerful, 3 language) s Console Applfcatfon & Scripts iw C= f> Desktop Application : = [> Web Applicatfon ‘ ; * E> Game Development FE f Ly.\Machine: learning iden: learning. AL, Bf dala ek- = “4 P “t ot Z — Muttinaradigen Support = \ [= Pavcedural Style Programming _I?ke C - = sl “s L>. oofs ike Java, © g Functional Programming (tke Usk. f=> Portable or Platform Independent = Puoqrams are typreally first compiled nto an Utatermedfate cod¥, then the code Pe yun Me interpseten . —>_ Dynamically Typed. nyna 4y---NP ~= 10 4 ys “qeeks™ 4 uv . ace “python J 7 This featuve %&_dffferent from Ctr b Tava. they ‘ ae stateally Typed i In python we don't have to specify the vatable PY i name. But _the disadvantage & fm this the type & asstaned | ° i v in the vun time" of the paogram , so there avd f paeg move chances of yun bme evror. — Automate Garbage Collectfon ‘ \t _medns when you 4 dynamically allocate memory So you don't have fo worry: to yealfstng — th?s memory . g u \ § => Popular Apolfeatfon Butlt tn Python FF ~— + Youtube y Nettlix',) Quora 2 Instagram , DoopBox x 4 =r__batat O tn thon — % A__funclon & a sek of fnstructfons' that take x some fnput Prom | diing..dose somehiwork on those -Date .... io ~~ a quametes and 2 J ieample = patel Couette”) pofot Welcome", “to, ee = aint ©) ee F pofot (“Hope qou—are enfe zy ae Output - Hello = ~ Weltome fo aE a = as Sy Hope you are safeytag Python. xX Tos endgA end and sep parameters fn paint : PP f 2 z = int (“ wWeleome”, end =" 2) ra paint (* fo GPa) Outpuk- Welcome to GPG = votre End parameter __oteates _ space and {ft tells » shoutd ae be printing after tks patating. - And tn sep pavantetet. when we haveY multiple = P—f input parameters we use sep to separate” them. — # f By defoult they ame separated by space. a o f CAMS REL Ah Per i eae putnt (“10", “out , "2023", Sep == "y EE Output -. 10-04-20a3 a=> Nanfables fn Python = Nawable & a name that oO used fo. suefer to memory Jocaton. Python vayfable also known a+ -fiex_and® used to_hold value. ’ : Jn thon, we don't need bo specify the hype of Notable because Python t& a in flew language and i —__# {__smant enough to _qet vanfable type. ie | get_vontable typ +s E z fee» 5 xample patce = loo ” tax = (8 = ! °, s = t total - pailce + ostee + tax paint (total- putce) * & Output =o alts, aq How vantables wok 9 a = 4 “= 10 Uo]<~ * yee “geeks” qeeks |e~ f ‘ Zaid (go|—z € it we say wez a § When adolf 4 Nwx 4 bat TP w=: 30 Bol<— w : 4 aa OPocs 165 3 410) f. : y) geeks 4 putat 2) 36 / print (w) : 4 oO q a4 |~~» ee Pathan Dynamically Type eee 5 a Bo m% +10 $ J putat (>) . nk: “geeks” U ya paint (>) ~ 10 ~ qeeks ~y 7 ~ 3 Note - using a_vaniable without assfaning fk cause error. ~ &q- paint (x) » oP- Name Exror : name ‘x' fs not assigned ~— ut) tn Python - 4 3 This functfon ‘u__used to take fn put fiom the user } t Example - name = ‘input (“Enter the name >") 8 ” psiink |" Welcome''+ name) t ole - Enter the name = Himanf Welcome Himanf Example - # Python program tor _additoa ' t | +t = fnput (" Enter Fiect Number :") 4s input (" Enter Second Number : sy m= fat (x) We int (y) Hes ney F Spat print ("dm vee) vy lvl aoe lyl e blew lelTyped) In Python ~ Outpul = Enter Pirsh Number we rom string . Is d Type & a _bullh-in_function that Hells se h0 wherever we have to A you data lupe of a “vavfable or a value. i Eg a=10 : a (type (a)) = 10'S ‘ re Ciypecay) r C2 9437 puint (type Co) ; O)P = dais, tints § <= class, 'floatts <= class, ‘Complex'> T =n python we use "None" Io Whe value uel or we dfdn'h asstan any value fo thy voufable > g : é 4 indfeate that we don'h know § “ \n_ python there 9% h te no chav ype you w wank ft a. aga, reuld Eg - Sky_= “gtg" (Shing § fsa sequence of chav), F paint (type (atry) J [.10, 20, 30) (_@tray and dynamfe ally patol (type (19) add and vemove thee. st Irems are stored fa conte. ~nuous locaHon) Storae~ re eae $= {10 30,30}, “difference fy modi Sek_& a _collecHon of _ Ss pint (type(s). where all thems are _ = t and set UW dike mathematical Set) y “ w Oyu », as J ~ dz fio: "gfg’s 20%" ide" J dicfonaries ore uscd to_do a paint (type (a)). ings. Jhe & a 7 3 J collecHton of key value pairs) > Eq- thems : porices rollnot Name. ai > p> Type conversion in Python - Type conversion > se 3 Implictt ExpltetF a fat !0 €g- 4 "135" os J= 1+ dnt (s) > ‘it (0) f= float (4) 3 d= true patat (3) es atd paint CL) 3 patat (e) : $ X opp = us ojp - 14s » u 135-0 fg- d= " geeks” wT SJ » paint ( Jist (8) > patnt (tuple (4)) Py pafot (sek (43) : p= tigi. tet fet ht Mt] a 1's")Date ..... 9-3 a= 20 patint ( bin (a) te = palnt (hex (ay) aaa + b (oct (a)) a | ¥ OP = Obio100_ | URIVE H 0094 => Comments fn Python ~ ate 1 We may with to deseuvbe the code we develop. We 5 might with~ to take nokes of why a J sechfon of sept p>, a for _fnstance. Formulas , pocedures , and sophistcaled business Jogtes ave v iypfeatly explained wfth comments, # TH 4 Single -Jine_ comment - # a Mult? -Jine comment - Hs. oe ie # te a Doc-stying - the string enclosed fn trfpte quol-es 4 that contes _ tmmedfatel after the dettned fm ane catied Python DoestYing, @ ¢ v E =P ib else and eli? in Python - ig a pans %e Shee come _sthuabous in sea) Jife when we need to do some Specific fask and bated on some Speci pte, é onditfons and, we declde whak should we do next. 7 Similarly, — there Come a. sthuatfon Ph potoqvammeng = whee a ‘pectpfe tak & te be performed if O spectPhe ie conditon _& true. & Seat LhMe & ~~ Date . in quth_ care, cond?Honal . slatements can be us condivvonal statements ave 2 So ~ ig. elie = Nested if s SF. tp nig. statements. cee s ement ~ tn Ist ¥ R= stat t th ip the condition & true thea pout executes else the elie pout executes . 3 " Syntax - if conditfon + % H Statements to execute ff # condition &_tHue + Flowchaxt — > aS Fi Test False ¥ Tue % x. Body F FI s —S y Statement fust below ) Ce ey + Example - if lo 75+ y puink ("10 & greater than 8") F i paint (“ puogram ended) O[P - 10 U__greatty tan S- v Program ended ia J btDate on. fe ( if-else statement ~ block of code te when If tend ip: Statement the additonal = slalement -whfch perfame! recutes this “block if condiNon & true ele: 7 # Executes thts block if # conditon & false Flowchant ~ 3S t a zy q Example = a= 3 a : ip we=4: eh! 4 pafok (yes) ‘s ; else: J paint (“No") 4 Fxample- You can also chain ifelse statement with more than” one _conditfon. : ¢ Jettey = "An" i “4 BP dettey 22 "a": pint (" JeHor & 9" a else 3 TE deter = ="c", paint (CY detter ey SeeatSy ™~ we elses Sp iettes = : Span Craton ba") fi dneiu Sue ‘ ele ; Jette unk: AS and ce” it es cao = 3 Fo? - deter UA Nuled_Y Statement - if statement _can_alte be checked inside FY othen_ if statement. Thu _tondiHonal statement G called a —~J_nested if statement. thuu_means that tnnen if condition will be checked only iP outer it condition %& true and by thu, we ean ste _mullple condone fo be sahisffed > gyntoe - if Ceonattion 1): ~~ i, # Executes when condiHonl W_fuue . ip (condttion 2): ~~ Executes when condition 2. true ~~ # Wf Block t end here ~3- # if Block &_end hee Example = num = 10 it num > § : J putnt ("Biagen than Ss") ae it num 2= 18 5 paint (* Between § and (5") — ole - Bigqet than § + oetween § and iS ite eltf Statement - shortcut of theelse chatn, while using if -elff > statement at the end else block & added which “& _ S_peitormed ip none of the above iL- elf ctatement tb __frue. Y SpnatDate .... . Syntax - i? (conditfon) t = Statement elif (condtHfon) : stalement 4 4 ; = L . = Bs) elses « a statement a Et Example - —Jettey = "A" 3 ip dettem ss em: _paint (“Jeter & 9") elif JeHea == “ct: putok ("“JeHer uc”) elit Jette == SA": paint (" Jeter & A") elses pint (“ Jeter isn't A, 8 orc) OP - Jeter GA > Aulthmetfe opetators - They gHe | uted to peiform mathem-_. =aHea) operations Jtke. additonal, subtrackon, muthip. -Itation, division. ; _& That axe 1 onithmetfe operators tn_. Python - = O Addition _® subtraction “_@ Muiiipixation @_divteton @_Modutes © _Exponentiatton @_Floor _diviston i“ay Date I Onevator -_In__python, + 4 the addilfon operator. It TW y 5 0 tet odd 2 values: si 2 ~~ Example > voll = 2 val2 = 3 SS ess vol dt val 2 SF _puint (tt) —j_ fh + £ Sos SubtracHon Opevalor_- used fo subtract the second value from he fick value. 5 on -_ vod 3 val a2 2 Ss des = vobl- vad ~~ paiat ( He) So as Modulus Operator - sJo u_the mod ulus. opuigtor used to find ~yhe_Yemainder when {fest operand t_divided by the ~~) second 4. Example — vol 1= 3 vol? = 2 J dea = val l Yo val 2 ~S_ __ paint 9) > 0) Pace h +O Exponeatfatfon Operator — _** used to raise the finch _y operand to power of steond. x Example = voll +2 > vab2= 3 > ves = voll ** v2 a. prtat (ts) = oe - 8 SpnratDate ... + ® Floor diyfifon - // Ss used fo find tne floor of _the ustinh when first optyand te divided by the second. Example - vall = 3 as dis Eps pe a b Nald = 2 ib Uh Mes = val t// val 2 ie bh patot (es) ge bs 7 pee ojp - Pa es __ # i=> Puth logit 0, ith Example ~ 3 ‘ython ogica) Opevators with ample - Operators aye used fo pot opeiaiions on values and vawiables. These ave the silat symbols that 0 and b>O:SS , ne ees piel. (ome oe WE es fparons and b> d 6 70% es ie : SF pata [2 oe mabe ou ane aye _guieator than") elves. ~ tol Tepmeast one number & 4 riot greatut thanso°} are greater than 0 FP = The numbers Aileost_one_ number U_nok geal than o. ~- ~¥ Example > a=to Se eR i cz 0 if a and b and c: i paint (“ALL the numbers have boolean value as True”) Sy 3 — >> else: Ss ~~ puta (“Atkast one number has boolean value _as False O]P - Atleast one number has” :boolean value _as False. =e ~~ Falte Output Tue Output ~ > Example - azto : pS be -10 es eae c20™ if a>o or boo z . then of the _numbew i agrestet than 0"). na ben ts ps s th b>o or emo: me: : z _puind ("ef Mhey of the numben gusset than 0") else —-paint_{"No_number lu greaten than 0) DIP = Eifhey of the number _U Greater_than o : No_umber i _greaten than 0 — Example - a=to +. brie 4 =o } iP aorb ore: pufot (“Atleast one number has # Tue") _ boolean value at else: pink (“AN the numbers have boolean . False") Value at S/P- Alleast one number has boolean value as True. | = Logieal Not operator — wouks with a _ Python Membership and Adentthy Operators - validate the _memberthiy ina sequence such at Shing Afsts or tuples . im_opevatoy = Jhe Mn! Python offers wo membership operators fo_check es of a_value, It tests for membersh, operator ‘u_used to check it « thera / substring | element Evaluate fo “true jf th finds. the apuitfied clement fra existe tna sequence or not, Sequence otherwise False. For eq - U | “Gy in_* Geksforqeeks! tt Checking. 'G! fn_shein | “Laue g d LL 4! Greksfor Geeks! %# Checking ‘9! fn strtng sfnee pythe tk case~ senuthive, veturn fale g ig False " Example diskt = J1,2,3,4 23] 4 isha = [6,7,8,9] them tn Jct: bs if fem tn Stet: i — paint (" oveilapping”) ; v elses paint (" not overlapping’) i * 4 nok 100 i nok Te a not a nok 4oh t int opevalor = no! J Vasfable inthe does not fie J false other Example >. R224 ts a id _— ys 20 wt a ie “Yet = [10,20, 30,40, 50) _ = E(x nol fn dist): a ft NOT nt tn ven disk _pulat (. ats passe gf sk”) elses ace i 4 fs + in ven Jfst" int ( xis paesen i gis fs ‘) ety tn Wt): aint (“y fs puesent fa given Afr") -s else: ~~ patnt ( iy is Not puiesent fn given Ate") = °, ©. ° 2, OP - _% fs_NOT paresint In_given_Iist. ~ y fe present fn _afven_Itet SS wt v - \dentity operators - Thy ane used fo compane the object woh’ the obfeds ave actually of the same data type and shove the same memory Jocatfon. a There ote dif wank identity operators such ad Nis operator - Evaluate to True ff the vanfables on efther side of the operator joint to fhe same object and false a} f othutuice. Example - me S 43.5: portnt (oc & 4 fd) fa Sport }OJP = 1407045 86672032 —— isin SENS Ie, both the vay Hore, tn_the S asttgned to th fi “and which? why eure Ty Ss rot’ opwator - Evaluates fo folie ff the vaxfables on _effhen | stde : of the opwiator _pofnh te a ditfount objeck_and te othuwise, 4 Example. ~ KES S2a0p 4 iE (type (oc) fe nob int): | a putnk ("true") . a elses = paint ("fale") = b # Patnts Taue = & Ke Sb iy 3 It (type (x) fs not int): i . “ " = paint (“true”) i else: & t punt ("false") a . '. : > 1 ¢ 7 i ofP- False a Taye) 2 => Python Bihwise Operators: — & Operators are used to perform opeialt e4__ gS ie ea an perfo peatons. on vafu axiables . ese ane the Spectal tymbols that cawiy out _anfthnee and loatea) computaifens. he value ahd operator opevales on is_known as Optrand . i : i wy~S Date ween oo Siu operators ~ “ SJ = Slhtce AND () ~ Return | tf both the bits ae I else_O. " Example = £102 1010 (Binary) | =I he ee be Y= 0100 (Binary) ~~ ~3- ¥ a a&Sb=lolo b ol00 = 9000 = 0 (decimal) STG Bitter OR (J) — Returns Lip velther of the bik & 1 else 0. ~ Example - _@=10= 1010 | Binary) =3 e b= 4 = 0100 (Binary) alb = lolo ~ vac ol > o100 = Ilo 7 = (4 (Decimal) ¥ 5 e)- Bitwhe Not operator (o) - Returns one's complement of the no > Example = Q=1to= tolo ( Binary) waz sl0lo 3 = -(lolott) 4S > (1011) “5 = -11 ( beefmal) > d)- Bitwise (XR) (A) = Rebun | ip one of the bis fs tand the 5 other & 0 else return O- W” SenalDate wee. =lu (Decimal) + ‘ Example - a= io — = bey Ss i # Puint bitwise AND operatfon EO wink (“ab b! arb) # Puint bttwhee OR operation = print (“alb="y ale) 2 # Putnk bitwise Not operation Ke paint (“wa =", ~a) # Patot bitule YOR operation - paink ("a 4b =", a Ab) e op - at b=o 2 afb=1y 2 hae -t = atb=ty G & @__Shitt Optrators — These Operators ate used fo SWrPE the ¢ bits of a number Jef or sight thereby multiply én “ ox dividing the no Sy—two resp. they oth be used Yoheg WG we_have Vig multiply” or divide a Wimber by two, & 9)- Bitwise Right &p Shith (>>) — Shifks the bik of ime no, fe the _sifght and fille 6 on _votd. det p (fs tn the 6 case of a _ntoative Humbe) iat a sesult, Similan effeck as & of dividing i no. with some power of two. ae : Senae J : ay Date Example = azlo = 0000 1010 ( Ginar ee a>>| 0000 Ohl = S_ ? az-1o + Mtl oo ( Binary) ~ o>> a Vit tos 2$ yas “Ty. _gitwise Legh shift - (<4) art shifts the bits of the number to the left and fills 0 on void vight as vesull, Similar efPeck a of multiplying a the _no- at some _power of two. SS Examplt - az§ + 0000 O10! (sinary) 3 acs] 20000 lolo = 10 “6: azn > 0004 0100 = 20 ~e Example - b=-10 = UNE oto (Binary) ~» bec f= M10) 100 =-20 =a bee 2 = Ol tooo =-40 28 Bitwise Operator Overloading - . Optrator Overloading means nt extended meaning beyond their. predefined operat -ona anin For example operator tote used fo add two integers it © ochtevable because the ‘+! “S_by int clase and sty dats. You might have noticed that ~ the” same _builk-in_ operator or funclton shows different _beha- 7 vise for objects of dfpferent classes, this ic called Operator as thet as join two sting and merge two _Ifsts. perator is v overloaded ~ > pverloading. = 3 Example - class Yeek(): def- init — (self, value): i self. value > value A def and. (self, obj): paint (And operator overloaded") SperatDate ween. 4 if isinshance (objs Geeky ES ditturn self.value be obf.value operator overloaded”) ity fsfnstance (bjs Geek): seturn_self. Value | obf. value : a) else: Mase Value€rror def - xox - (sttP obj): paint (“XOR operator overloaded”) (Must be o Objeck of class Geek’) tI ip isinstance (obj Geek): 4 velurn selP. value 4 obj. value i else ratse ValueEvror ("Must be a object of dass Geek”) def. Ishitt- (sel, obf): paint (" Ishipt operator overloaded") if fsfnstance (obf, Geek) Seburn SelP. value ce obj. value else: Yatse Value Error ("Must be a obfect of class § Geek")” ; dep - tnverk. ( selp): paint ("Invert Operator overloaded") 4 Heburn ~selP. value 7 # Duiver's code iP— name ==" main": 4 = Geek (10) 4 be Geek (12) sit {asb) ‘ ‘i 4paint Cal b) eS s te ppt Cat) r~ paint (aces) ae ees wad 3s paint (a>>b) is us te pata (x9) een [= - p- And operator overloaded = OQ Pa 8 Or operator overloaded Ww Xor optrator averloaded eat \shift operator overloaded p> ~~ j= 40960 > is wishttk operator overloaded i 8g Invert _operalor overloaded =H —~* loops in _Pythou_- U — while Loop - It & used to execulke a block of stakements sepeotedly until o given conditions tb Latislied . And whee the oldie beioma false , tin Hue frimedialely olen He loop im_the pucgrave uassexeated “43 Gre Syntax __while_expstessiow : statement (8)Flowehant Exits while loop a indeffntte thetahon. While Joep falls unda the cig tn i ladefinite etalon means that _ ih numben of Himes the executed sin't specified ex; Weil fn_advante. : Statements _uepuesents ‘all Jina atatemenk indented by the Same_oumbey of chayacke space, oa Pegrenaaatg —tonstrud oe considered tot be pant of a sinVie blo of Li tode. Python uses indentalfon loop & f as th methods of souping 1 _shatemess. When awhile coop hk execuked exph & (for 4 fvaluated fn_a Boolean context and if TEER bette He loop ‘ body U executed. Then the expat checked again, ff fp St at taue then the body | executed — agai and the continua until the expsieaston becomes false J 7 lr Example - | tount 20 while (count < 3): count = count +} pink ("Hello Geek"), OJP - Hello Geek Hello Geek Hello Geek | nd ol bly.— [20 fos Le | | =) <= SF yin wun until there &_an__element Joop over _a_Jisk thak this, we have Hun ao while potesent fn the Jct t \n I : 7 Example -3 gfngle statement while block yr U YFust_Jike the py statement we can thert_ ane multiple tt block, ip the while block consists of single declare the entfre Joop fn_a_ single Sink. 1 f statements fn the block that make up the l body, th tan_be sepanaled 6 Peol sh % loop _bedus ey p xy semPeolons (4) _s_ count = 0 5 while (counk' <5): counl+=13 patnk( “Hello Geek") —¥ t J: olf - Hello Geek 5: Hello Geek Hello Geek i Hello Geek aw Hello Geek > 3 > * SparatDate ... eC) in Python - s e__puthon nm swehwan ence numbeu sa sequence of umbeu thon _stange () £7 webu 7 fe & to Pherate - it i range. Ihe most common use of tk J a ina _gwen nge.. Ihe most ¢c 4 Python scquiotss onal! scquinee of numbers _using fy Syntax - range (stot, slop, step) a ; Paxamelen - stax}: LopHonal] ‘ Stop + . t 3 Sheps } cs Return : os Example - for _f fn _range(5): . t ° Os & paint (“ty end = puink() f OP 4 f One 3y4 : ~~ "what the use_of the Sange() tn Puthon ? é Oo % : = t tn__simple berms Hange() allows the usey to qenewake a t F i. i Seifes of no. within a given range. Depending ‘on how é |_mani aagumenl the usd patting fo the Sr, the wey & f | can arte where thay seniks | of “numbers wits begin 2 en (Bas well a how a the dif Peuence will be between one no. and the next. Pf range() $M takes: can. be infltalfeed | fn 3 ways — g = wane {stop)_ fakes one anaqumuenk. =_wange (stant stop) fakes Arqurueuk. zi alge (stout, slop, step) taker Wee angumear gDate when al Fae will _qet_a_sentes of Sadudts every whole number up toy bul nol including Wee T number tral Ihe user nas patovided as the slop ‘ wr Example - Python range (6) Teh ilstels T_T for i tn range (6)% puink (1 Gnd ="") paint) p= ola 34'S Stop {lo siange (stant, Stop) - Tv ohen the user call ange) with — two anquncents , decide not only Oyhore the sente of no. he _usey gets bo lope bul Valse where it stasis, so Me users don't have to © shaut at O oll the Himes Users can use nange() to qenerake 3a susies_of numbers fiom _X toy. S % i v Python vtange (046) = J > 5; = Tor Toh: [sTsfst Te =—+t pas - > Stat ced + ¥, SperalDate .... 2 tok, sto} Exomple- Drmonsinatfon of fyihon stage (shat, step) # pataling a natural > # cianbi rom 5 to 20 di fou i in ange (8:20): ad zt . . iy part (ty ene" f 0) P $6724.10 Woes ty te ett 1819 Tig wange ( stant. stop, step) ; ie) When the us called ange) with three angumenty the usey tan choose nok onky whee the scene of “___numburs will staat and slo’ butsatio” haw ba the a ; 7 f diffuince will be between the one. no. and th¥ Oexbeg Wf We usey doesn't puovide Hhe step, Hhen stange () will automatically behave ay if the sep & 1. In ney i txample we axl pitnites even no, between Q and lo e i 2 So_we chosse our stoVitng paint Prom O[ start-o) and a : He —$ stop the sewfes at tor ( stop)» for pyinting an even f = number the . difference between one. number and the © fext number must be 2 (skp) afte. providing. a Step: $e ° i r Z t oth Ut we a e fo owing output (0 2,4,6, 8), “6 Stout Python ange (0, 10,2) oS 4 gd yer s oh EW Tebpelapol ~ ; or Ser , = See ofal4 8 2 eee EE ee Sperat — = iDate . trample - Demonstration of _fython sarge _( stant, step, Jon ‘in songe (8.10.8) paint (1, Send = © "y v : paint) et Oe 0,9,4,6,8 Ty fox Loop in Python - foe ae ae ie ri ts used for sequential biaveisal tee, th fs used aa Sterating over_an orable dike Staing Tuple , dist, ~ Set ox _D¥eHonary. = In python , Were ts no _¢ style for Joop ‘ bes —for iO; tong ttt). There isa “for Joop which ts similar fo cach oop. in other Janquages. SS UU * NOTE - In Paria fous Joops ronly_itmplements the collection based. theWatfon. > i 5 Syntax - for_vow in__iterable:: aL oe #_ statements ~3 1 Flowchart of. for Joop For each ikem in _ 4 : 4 equeace = - True > ; > ¥ t Ext for JoopDate . once for each ikem. in’ an Tae fe vwoiable vor takes the value the next ikem. o| the Heable ty tach Hme throw hi meat a a eg ae thon pogram fo. fllustrate { Le # “iterating “over a dist e aa Ve ("qedls, "Por", “quake” [“qedks", "for", geeks ] : i lov Tin Ls a sF or * sp ees | le - | r Loop fa Sonne J @ "7 i ie © k ‘heating over dichionar o Oy . i int (“dfeHonay Ihevefon" ;NS | py PPT cacak_ ia pyttion - Vt fs used to baing “FT of tne loop _whtn tome external _cofdition is tyfqqer buco statement is pul inside the Joop body en Way _oftes it tondition). tk terminates _ the tureint oop , ta a the loop _in_whrch_ Tk appears and resumes _txecutfon ‘an \ statement Hmmeat ately afer the end of that loo Inside oa nected Joop , the rt f = _tontrol_ouk | i Tene If Wie break _shakement fy Ireak will Hyminale the innermost Joop . } {oop lesb expression be j | Lal False } 4 U Exit loop Lalo Hal a [a aloe 4 b 4 owe |e Example - 2 S= ‘qeeksforgeeks! # using for Joop T—— for_leter th s: prtak leHer) #4 break Hie gov 's' HE letter = = ‘ec? oF leney ="! = break 3) ~ — paint ("Out of for loop” : ae ae ass iro # Using ushile 7 while True: 1 pink (s[1]) 1 "# break the 1 # or 's! se, an loop { loop as soon ih sees 'e! t if SUTS =e" og SUJs='s's + pufok (tour of white loop") Out of for loop +} } e Oub of while oop * Continue Stakemen} nlasgla a Hilal e@ & Js! at i: 3 foi in_fython Ih fe Statement that forces” to a loop contro] I casate the nex) thera fot of the: loop while skipping the vesk of the fode inside the loop for the currenk Skeratfon only y he, d See n> |!» v Date 2 The coniinue txeuted in the Joop , ihe tode__ inside __tonifnue slater oh el ‘ i et wil ‘evalton and the > "_tonttnue paint (x) T Howrhart of Continue _Stakement = g fonditforN. True fe continue = ‘ EX neni Continue | Teale False Erecuke the remaining zi part of Joo for vai in" Greeksforgeeks": if van = = "e"s 4 . continue pint (var) iS IS + + la eld HEL4 4 4 E14 ' whale ' ; iDate ... en_you need fo wrtke a # patale fhe number fvom 1 fo 10, but not 6. } A ' +a slualion = = 3 akipping. the psitnt of charach ore _ skipping paint of x _Joop from | to lo for i th range (1,11) # ip tts “equal to 6) # continue to_next Steratfon 2 without _pyintin tp tee: d “tontfoue else: i # otherwise paint the: value # of 7 ; » pata (7, end =" *) n checking and _contPnue__ states, of- 12 3 4 578 4 10 J+ Nett Loop - With - for and while NOTE- THE CONTINUE STATEMENT CAN BE USED WIT ANY OTHER LOOP ALSO LIKE WHILE LOOP” simiLaRLy AS IT 1g UsEb WITH ‘FoR LOOP” ABOVE. loops we. can { ‘ a create nested Joop. Nested loop means Joops inside a Joop. For example, while loop "tnifde the ® for _eop, for loop fnside the fox loop eke. é ie Searat faLJ, = Syntax = Quley -loop Expression : a ' ye Nyy Inner- loop. Expression + “= Statement Inside ‘nner. loop ne t : Statemenl Inside _ Owter-loop Example - m= £12] y= (4,5) for fin x for | fay: + patak (tf) i $ Sige 1 \s 24 25 Example -2 # Mullpltcation Table # Running ouler loop from 2 to 3 fort tw range (2.4): # Puinting! inside the outer Joop f # Running jnner loop prom | te 10 ° 6 U0 " * for {_in_vange (1,1): # Painiing! fnstde the inner loop paint (2, Wanye te bey) bea Se ta] 4 Ha] 4 fol Hal G LG ae # | Pataling aside the. outer loop oe paint OW f 1% oP - Des geek WS a 10 + 0. 2 Se eS oe ee CR WE Sie Oe 8 a; = i Speoratculty for Joop to through _o_lish tem fa Ih # Painking outside toner Joo pint (“stort outer for loop") # foiblaltee couler | with 0 0 # Running fnney while loop fo # MNevole through a Isha while (fz Jus 2S dee): # talating Inside tnner loop pyint (them © dist 2017) : es ncrementing the Nala of i je i+] E:3 patniing aie inner loop paint ind for loop") f)P- short outer fox loop !_am healthy oN | om fine | am geek end for: Joop slort_oulty for Joop You are healing You ave fine SteratYou one geek ———t = end fox Joop niftalizing two Iists with some a In_Ints example we aye z ching: Store the size _o} Jeska in ‘Wish 2- size’ using Vent) “Syondlion and using tt in fhe while loop _as a counten, J Afier_thar_vun Son outer for loop _to__ iterate over WstI_ ond inside that loop un _an inner» Joop _to__iterate over rid using _list_indexing inside that oe avers puinbta Teach val sof st 2 fSy every value of tisht. d “a _Fanctions_ in Python - SF Python funcHons ts. a block of statements that veturn the _sperifie task. ; : The ‘idea is fo pul some commonly or repeatedly done Tasks _fogether and make a puncton Go thal tnttead of wailing Vthe some code again _and again for different “SF inputs? we can do the _funclfon calls” to weuse code t * wontotned in tk over and oven again. = say = = ~ Syntax - Python functions ; J a Keqword Function name Parameters, « t > + ——. + e det functfon- name Cparameteus): . iy ‘ T a # statement | ————> 8edy of j Statement ——) = jucturn_expresston 7 f = f x fuaclion xetorn + SpaatDate .... Example = def fun: wink ("welcome fo GF Gr” 3 ve Dsitver code to calt_a function fun | off - Welcome fo GFA. Defining and calling a funetfon with parameters: < aa Defining: ‘ 1 Syntax - def Punctfon- name ( paraniele : data. bypr).33 Aehurn fy et 5 "DS vtng i # body of the funchon * q a aidturn expression > { = si Example -_ # some more functfons f a def fs- pate Cn): = Spo in [a37: 5 Mehutn Tae a if (né=1) or (nm Jo a=-0); nial Achurn False %y 3123 Anquments of a _ Python Funckfon - rs Auquments ave the values passed — inside the me payanth hfs of the function . A function can__be r “have any number of arguments separated by a I comma. < may Example - # A simple Python Functfon to check ti P= } ve whether % is _even_ov odd “def evenOdd (x): my paint ( “even” yy else? paint Codd") ~ # Duiver code to call_the functfon ~ even Odd (2) ay evenOdd (3) 4 o]P - even f = odd J eT ESiiz Ha es of fagsrnenls =H Defoult argument - It fs a parameben that assume pal a default” value it a value. {snot provided ta = the functfon call for that. argument. a 3 g Ly frample de eng tan (9 (aS ge So): f patat (“as x) - paint (“4:", y) # bulvey code “(We call my Func) Sie # only aqum ent) my Furie) O[P- x10 450MY Roe aL a Ma ace te ii) | @) Keyword angumeatt = the am the argument name - with dors Wt need lo semember thé order Parameters. Example = # Keyword arguments Studenl( firstname = ‘Greeks', lastname = values) So that — Jef _shudent (firstname, lastname) puink ( firstname, lastname) Student (lastname =! for', firstname = 'qeeks') | opp - Geeks for Geeks fox _@__Van?able- length arquments — we can passa vanfable number of. sents fo a Punchfon using _Specfal : art _hwo speefal symbols-J | Sumbol. T U ¢ * args (” Non-keyword Arquments) + +e Moavas ( keythord Arguments) g g dg Example: - def “my Fun (% argv) for arq in’ argu $ print (arg)! MayFun (‘Hello's ‘Weleome’, “ho!, Geeks tow Geeks ge. oP - 5 Hello Welcome - fo = GecksPor Geeks =