THE ORBIS
SCHOOL,
MUNDHWA
NAME OF THE
STUDENT:Pradyumn Pawar
CLASS:11th Sirius
CBSE ROLL NO.:18
SUBJECT:Chemistry
ACADEMIC YEAR:2025-26
TEACHER IN CHARGE:
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that Pradyumn , student of
class 11th Siruis, has successfully completed
the Chemistry IP project under the guidance of
______________during the academic session
2025-2026 as per the guidelines issued by
CBSE.
SUBJECT TEACHER PRINCIPAL
_________________________
__________________
ACKNOWLEDGEMEN
I Pradyumn would like to express my special thanks to
my teacher _____________ who guided and helped me
to complete the comprehensive and specific project in
Chemistry
successfully. I would also like to thank my school,
parents and friends who helped me procedure
adequate resources to finalize the project in a limited
period of time.
INDEX
● Introduction.
● Content (Material Required)
● Procedure ( 2 or more pages if required)
● Result (if required)
● Conclusion
● Merits/Demerits ( if required)
● Bibliography
INTRODUCTION
Water is one of the most essential resources for all forms of life.
However, the water available from natural sources like rivers, lakes,
and underground sources is not always pure and safe for
consumption. It may contain various impurities like dirt, harmful
microorganisms, dissolved salts, and chemicals. To make this water
fit for drinking and other uses, it must be purified. This project is a
study of different methods of water purification, their procedures,
advantages, and limitations.
CONTENT
For understanding and performing small-scale demonstrations of
water purification, the following materials were referred to or used:
● Sand
● Gravel
● Activated charcoal
● Cotton cloth or filter paper
● Beaker or container
● Dirty or muddy water sample
● Alum (Fitkari)
● Boiling apparatus (for distillation)
● Candle (for chlorination demonstration)
● Bleaching powder
● Information from NCERT books, internet, and reference books
Procedure:
1. Filtration
Filtration is one of the simplest methods to remove solid particles
from water.
Steps:
● A filter setup was made using layers of sand, gravel, and
charcoal inside a bottle or funnel.
● A cotton cloth was placed at the bottom to hold the materials in
place.
● Dirty water was poured into the top and allowed to pass
through the layers.
● Clearer water was collected at the bottom.
Observation:
The water looked much clearer than before but still might contain
germs or dissolved substances.
2. Sedimentation and Decantation
Steps:
● Muddy water was left undisturbed in a container for several
hours.
● Heavier particles settled at the bottom.
● The clear water was carefully poured into another container.
Observation:
Visible impurities were reduced, but it was not fit for drinking
without further treatment.
3. Boiling
Boiling kills most of the microorganisms present in the water.
Steps:
● Water was boiled for at least 10–15 minutes and then cooled.
Observation:
This method effectively removes bacteria and viruses but does not
remove solid impurities or harmful chemicals.
4. Chlorination
Chlorination is a chemical method of purification.
Steps:
● A very small amount of bleaching powder was mixed into the
water and stirred.
● The water was left undisturbed for about 30 minutes.
Observation:
Water is disinfected, but excess bleaching powder can leave an
unpleasant taste.
5. Distillation (Theoretical Study)
Distillation involves boiling water to produce steam and then
condensing the steam back into water.
Procedure (theoretical):
● Water is heated to form steam.
● The steam is passed through a cooling system where it
condenses back into pure water.
Observation:
Distillation removes almost all impurities including salts and
microorganisms. However, it is expensive and not used for large-
scale purification.
Result
From the above procedures, it is observed that no single method is
perfect alone. However, combining physical methods (like filtration)
with chemical or thermal methods (like boiling or chlorination)
results in safer and cleaner water. Among the methods studied:
● Filtration helps remove solid particles.
● Boiling kills germs.
● Chlorination is effective for disinfection.
● Distillation gives the purest form of water but is costly.
CONCLUSION
Water purification is essential to ensure the availability of clean and
safe water for everyone. Simple methods like filtration, boiling, and
chlorination can be used at home. Understanding these methods
helps us realize how water can be made safe, especially in places
where modern purification systems are not available. This project
has helped me understand both the science and importance behind
water purification methods.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
NCERT Chemistry Class 11 Textbook
CBSE Science Class 10 Textbook – Chapter: Water – A Precious
Resource
"Water Purification" – Britannica.
https://www.britannica.com/science/water-purification
