Title-
INTRODUCTION- Priyanka
Lantana camara, commonly known as lantana, is a species of flowering plant in the Verbenaceae
family. Some other important species of the genus Lantana are L. indica, L. crenulata, L. trifolia,L.
lilacina, L. involuerata, and L. sellowiance. Lantana camara is a bushy, scandent shrub that can grow
up to 6 feet (2 meters) in height . It has square stems that are often armed with small prickles . The
leaves are simple, opposite, and have long petioles . They are covered with bristly hairs when
young .Mature leaves are rough,cause irritation to the skin when touched, give off an unpleasant
odor,: The plant produces clusters of colorful flowers that can range in color from yellow to red,
orange, and pink . These flowers are highly attractive to pollinators. Lantana camara has a strong
root system that allows it to regenerate even after repeated cuttings .
Lantana camara is used in traditional medicine to treat various ailments such as ulcers, skin rashes,
leprosy, asthma, and viral diseases like rabies, chickenpox, and measles .Extracts from the leaves of
Lantana camara exhibit antifungal, antibacterial, and insecticidal properties . They also have
cytotoxic effects against certain cancer cell lines. The plant contains essential oils and various
phytochemicals such as phenolic compounds, proteins, alkaloids, carbohydrates, saponins, steroids,
and triterpenes. some of which are well known allelochemicals that inhibit the growth of other
plants and organisms. Lantan camara contains allelochemicals such as lantadene A,B,and C
flavonoids , phenolics acid and essential oil . These compound interfere with plant hormone
regulation , inhibit photosynthesis, disrupt nutrient uptake and transport, and alter soil
microorganism . These result in suppressed seed germination , reduced seedling growth , and alter
plant morphology in affected species .Allelopathy provides the opportunity for researcher with new
chemical entities with prominent herbicidal properties and lower impacts on the environment and
humans than synthetic compound . Phytochemicals isolated from L. camara extracts have been
regarded to exihibit a range of biological activities against other plant species. Among them, 1,8-
cineol has been reported in the literature as an important intermediate source for herbicide
development. Cineol has significant phytotoxic properties. Most of the triterpenoids isolated from
the leaves of lantana camra are pentacyclic that are lantadene A, lantadene B, lantadene C,
lantandene D are the major constituent of L.camra leaves. Lantana camara is not only valued for its
medicinal properties but also as an ornamental garden plant due to its vibrant and long-lasting
flowers .
Lantana camara, a tropical shrub, has been recognized for its medicinal properties and invasive
characteristics. Recent studies suggest its phytochemicals exhibit herbicidal activity, offering a
promising alternative to synthetic herbicides. This project investigates the herbicidal potential of
Lantana camara extracts against selected weed species.
Background:Synthetic herbicides pose environmental and health risks. Natural herbicides from plant
extracts provide a safer, eco-friendly solution. Lantana camara's bioactive compounds have shown
potential in controlling weeds.
Objectives:
1. Evaluate the herbicidal activity of Lantana camara extracts on selected weed species.
2. Isolate and characterize the bioactive compounds responsible for herbicidal activity.
3. Assess the efficacy, stability and environmental safety of Lantana camara-based herbicides
.Significance:
This study contributes to developing sustainable weed management strategies, reducing reliance on
synthetic herbicides and promoting eco-friendly agricultural practices.
Allelopathic activity of lantana camara leaves extract was studied using ANOVA technique .ANOVA
( Analysis of Varience ) techniques are widely used in herbicidal activity of plant projects to analyse
the efficacy of plant extract or compounds as herbicides .It is statistical technique used to analyse
the difference between group means of two or more group . it helps to determine if the difference
between group means are due to chance or if the are statistically significant.
MATERIALS AND METHOD -
COLLECTION OF PLANTS
The experiment was conducted at chemistry laboratory of Sant Gajanan Maharaj college of
pharmacy Mahagaon .The leaves of Lantana camara were collected in August 2024. Harvested
during the morning ,from farmers field of Jarali locality , Kolhapur district, Maharashtra .
Leaves were washed using distilled water and dried in an oven at 50°c.
Collection of soil
The soil used in this experiment was collected from the botanical garden of Sant Gajanan Maharaj
College of pharmacy Mahagaon. 12kg of soil having the pH of 3.8 was kept in 12 polyethene bags
having 1Kg of soil in each bag respectively.
Extraction Procedure
In laboratory, leaves sample was washed with fresh water and brushed with a soft brush before
drying. Cleaned plant material was transferred to an oven , for drying at 50 °C for 96 hours. Then
they were powdered by electric blender. Approximately 100 g of leaf powder was added to 400 mL
methanol and soaked for 4 days. Removal of leaf material from solvent was done by filtration
through cheesecloth and the filtrate was concentrated using a rotary evaporator
1. Methanol :
In the laboratory, the leaves sample was washed with fresh water and brushed with a soft brush
before drying. Cleaned plant material was transferred to an oven , for drying at 50 °C for 96 hours.
Then they were powdered by electric blender. Approximately 17.19 g of leaf powder was added to
70 mL methanol and soaked for 4 days. Removal of leaf material from solvent was done by filtration
through cheesecloth and the filtrate was concentrated using a rotary evaporator
2.Ethanol:
The aqueous decoction of the plant was prepared by soaking 100g each of the powdered sample of
leaves in 400ml of ethanol. The whole setup were left at room temperature for 72 hours. The
extracts were then concentrated using a rotary evaporator and the solvents were allowed to
evaporate. The concentrated extracts were stored in air-tight container in a cold store at a regulated
temperature of 20 °C
Literature review
Literature review- Madhuri
1)Abiyu Enyew et.al studied Allelopathic Effect of Lantana camara L. Leaf Powder on Germination
and Growth Behaviour of Maize, Zea mays Linn, and Wheat, Triticum turgidum Linn. Cultivars. The
experimental design was Completely Randomized Block Design (CRBD) with three treatments and
one control significantly on seed germination, speed of germination, shoot and root length, stem
thickness and biomass of wheat and maize. In Completely Randomized Block Design (CRBD) which
includes three treatments and one control for each crop seeds. The three treatments were
considered as T1, T2 and 13 and control group denotes 70. The control group plants were grown in
soil without mixing the L. camara leaf powder whereas 11, 12 and 13 plants were grown in soil
mixed with 25, 50 and 75 g, of L. camara leaf powder, respectively. For each experiment, ten seeds
were sown and allowed for germination to all the treated plastic containers. The experiment was
replicated at three times This experiment was the first to demonstrate alleiopathic potentials of L
camara on Zea mays and Triticum turgidum in Ethiopia, In wheat and maize growing areas keeping
the L. camara plants may affects growth parameter of wheat and maize.
2)Tauseef Anwar et.al studied Bioherbicidal ability and weed management of allelopathic methyl
esters from Lantana camara The research was carried out to assess the allelopathic ability of L.
camara flowers against Rumex dentatus, and other plants Percentage of germination, length of the
plumule and radicle was determined. Five replicates of the experiments were carried out.
Completely randomized design was applied in STATISTIX v. 9 and ANOVA along Fisher's LSD test was
applied for means separation.
in the current study, allelopathic potential of methanol extract from flowers of Laritana camara w
evaluated against selected weeds viz. Phalaris minor, Chenopodium album, Avena fatua and Rumex
dentatus. Results provide evidence that methyl palmitate isolated from L. camara flowers has
herbicidal potential. Studies are suggested on the degree and extent of the phytotoxicity of isolated
compounds in agronomic conditions of different stages of development.
3)Diego Medeiros Gindri et.al studied the Physiological and biochemical effects of allelochemicals
from Lantana camara L. on seed germination of Avena sativa L. The The phytotoxic effects of
aqueous extracts of L. camara on seed germination and seedling growth of Avena sativa (L) were
evaluated. Concentrations of the aqueous extract of Lantana camara leaves above 25 impair the
physiological development of Avena satva seeds during germination. The extract affects the phases I
and II of germination, damaging cellular membranes and delaying the radicte emission, and, at phase
Ill it causes abnormalities in the seedling development in addition this phytotoxic effect triggers the
enzymatic and non enzymatic antioxidant metat of A save seeds during germination .Hence, this
study corroborates the potential of L camara allelochemicals for the development of natural
herbicides
Literature review – Pradnyant &Priyanka
1)Arjay Julio et al (2019) investigated Allelopathic effect of Lantana camera and Chromolaena
odorata leaf extract on plant germination. L. camera leaves were Sun dried for 14 days & then
dipped into two seperate pails for 24 hours each containing 5 liters methanol and then filter with
whatmam Filter paper. Using exetract as stock solution 10%, 25, 50, 75 & 100% concentration were
prepared by dilution and their allelopathic effect was tested through seed germination
bioassay . The study show that leaf extract of chromolaeña odorata & L. camera suppress growth &
germination of Vigna Radiata seedlings. The inhibitory effect is directly proportional with amount of
exetract concentration with c. odorata causing greater inhibition than L-Camera.
2) Ruilong Wang et al (2015) Stuided the effect of Lantana comara leaf litter on plants & soil
properties. To test this hypothesis exeperiments were done to determine the effects of 40 day
decomposed L. Camara leaf litter on growth of Raphanus sativus. Lactuca sativa, Bidens pilosa,
Bidens bipinnata, Urena lobat, ii) changes in soil enzymes properties & iii) functional diversity of soil
microbial community. These was stuided by different methods like Litter decomposition, Pot culture,
soil Chemical composition, enzyme assays, microbial biomass.The growth bioassay result indicate
that L.Camara leaf litter was inhibitory to seedling growth of all targeted species. The growth
decrease with increasing level of decompose leaf litter in soil & maximum inhibition treatment 40
gm litter / kg soil treatment.The total biomass of B. bipinnata was in soil treatm B. Pilosa, U. lobat,
R.Sativus, L. sativa. decrease by 38.58% 72.16% 71.48 %77.03 ,%71.90 و% in the 40 gm
litter/kg soil treatment respectively.
3) Karkanis A et-al (2018) studied efficacy selectivity of pre & post emergence Herbicides in chia
under Mediterranean semi-arid condition using ANOVA techniques, chia crop was established at two
location. A range of Herbicide available for the use on lamiace species was selected. Pendimethalin
(1.137 kg. ai.ha-1) oxyflurofen, (10.6 kg.a.i.ho-1) were applied pre emergence. To determine
herbicide effect height , dry weight and density of emersed plant determined at 21 days after
sowing from each plot. Then the data were subjected to analysis of variance and the mean were
compared using fisher's Least Significant Difference. (LSD) test (P<0.05). At both sites chia seedlings
emergente supressed by pendimethalin and oxyflurofen. At site 1 They reduce chia emergence by
56% and 81% respectively and at site 2 reduced chia emergence by 55% and 75% respectively .
Results indicate that the application of pre-emergence herbicides pendimethalin and oxyfluorfen at
the tested rates affects significantly plant growth & seedling emergence.
4)D.M.Gindri et. al investigated Herbicidal bioactivity of natural compounds from lantana camara on
the germination & seedling growth of Bidens pilosa. The extract of Lantana camara leaves were
prepared by mixing 10 g of leaf powder in 90 ml water. Crude extract was diluted in water to obtain
different conc. ( 0%, 1.25%, 2.5%, 3.75%. 45%. V/V). A seedling growth inhibition of B. pilosa was
observed when exposed to the L. camara extract. The root growth was highly affected in
comparision to hypocotyl. Lantadene A and B are possible compound involved in phytotoxicity the
result prompt us to state that L.camara extract has potential to be used in development of
environment-friendly herbicides.
5) C.H. KONG et al (2005) determined herbicidad potential of allelo chemicals from Lantana camara
aganist Eichhornia crassipes and the alga Microcystis aeruginosa. Assay of M. aeruginosa performed
by USEPA for method growth inhibition. Allelochemicals from L. Camera leaves were tested at
different concentration in sterile foam stoppered 250 ml erlenmeyer flask.The 5 g/L aqueous
solution with extract of L-camera leaves completely killed E. crassipes & drastically reduced the
biomass of M. aeruginosa within 7 days .
Literacture review - preeti
Sanjiv Kumar et.al studied Evaluation of antioxidant activity and total phenol in different varieties of
Lantana camara leaves The highest total antioxidant capacity was observed in CYV [222.20 ± 5.05 mg
AAE/g). The Ferric ion reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP) value of the extracts were in the order
of CYV > PRV > YTPV > CPV. The IC50 values of 2, 2'-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6- sulfonate)
(ABTS) scavenging assay for CYV, PRV, YTPV, CPV were 18.25±0.19, 18.24 ± 1.82, 50.43 ± 9.49, 52.84
± 1.82 µg/ml. respectively. PRV extract showed the maximum in vitro lipid peroxidation inhibition
effect On the basis of the results obtained in the present study, it is concluded that the methanolic
leaf extracts of four different varieties of Lantana camara which contains large amount of phenolic
compounds, exhibit high antioxidant, free radical scavenging and in vitro lipid peroxidation inhibition
activities. A high correlation is found between the total phenolic content and the antioxidant
activities using different in vitro antioxidant models in this study.
Literature review –NJ
1)B. M. Pour, L.Y. Latha, et al. (2011) was investigate the cytotoxicity & Oral Acute toxicity studies of
Lantana Camara leaf extract.In Acute Oral toxicity mice of both sexes were treated with 2.000mg/kg
of methanol extract of L. Camara leaves . after single administration sign of possible toxicity was
observed for every hour for 14 days.In Cytotoxic study vero cell line From kidney of African monkey
subjected for MTT assay. Vero cell were diluted with 1x10⁵ cells/ml & aliquots were placed in
individual well. Then in each well 50 u/liter leaf extract was added.In 2 weeks L. camara leaf extract
showed no acute toxicity but female mice loss their body weight.Cytotoxicity tested on vero cell line
disclosed that leaf extract at concentrations up to 500 ug/ml inhibited the growth of Cells 2.5 times
less than did triton 100x1%.The results of both tests confirm that L. Camara shows a protoxic effect.
2) Fahima TALHI, N. GHERRAF et al. was carried out to assess the Allelopathi effect of the aqueous
extract of L. camara on the germination and development of four vegetable species like durum
wheat, lentil, barley & Chickpea.The aqueous extract of lantana camara L. was prepared by soaking
50gm of plant powder in 500 ml distilled water under mechanical starring at room temperature.
Then prepared concentration like 10%, 25% & 75%. And distilled water used as control
treatment.Befon experiment performing the tested grains were chosen healthy & it placed in each
petri dish. then add the different concentrations.The experiment was carried out under laboratory
condition for a period of 10 days with 3 repetitions for each treatment.The result obtained show that
in all cases, the variation in the germination rate is proportional to the concentration of extract & no
germination was Observed at the 75% & 100% concentration.
References
Madhuri
1.Abiyu Enyew and Nagappan (2015) , Allelopathic Effect of Lantana camara L. Leaf Powder on
Germination and Growth Behaviour of Maize, Zea mays Linn. and Wheat, Triticum turgidum Linn.
Cultivars by Abiyu Enyew and Nagappan Raja, Asian Journal of Agricultural science ;7(1): 4-10.
2) Diego Medeiros Gindri et.al...published in 24 Aug 2020, Physiological and biochemical effects of
allelochemicals from Lantana camara L. on seed germination of Avena sativa L.. Tropical Agricultural
Research, page no. 1-8.
NJ
1)Fahima TALHI, N. GHERRAF et.al, IJCBS, 18 (2020), Allelopathic effect of the aqueous extract of
lantana camara L. on the germination & development of four vegetable species; page no 116-121.
2) Badakhshan Mahdi Pour, Lachirmanas Yoga Latha and Sreenivassan Sasidh- aran (2011)
cytotoxicity and Oral Acute Toxicity studies of Lantana camara Leaf extract , Molecules, Page No.
3364-3673
Pradnyant & Priyanka
1) Nawaz Aamir, Ayuv Mahammad Adnan 10 (2016) Lantana (Lantana Camaro); Medicinal plant
having high therapeutic Potentials- A comprehensive Review International scientific organization
IJCBC p.g. no 52-59.
2) Wang Ruilong, kang Xiaowu (2015), Influence of Lantana camara on soil I. Effect of Lantana
camara leaf Litter on plants and soil properties, International allelopathy Foundation 35 (2): 207-246.
3) Gindri. Diego Medeiros 2020 Lantana Coelho cileide Maria Mederios Herbicidal bioactivity of
Natural compounds from Camara on germination and seedlings growth of Bidense pilosa, e-ISSN
1983-40633.
4) Karkanis.AC , kontopoulou Charis konstantina, (2018) Efficacy selectivity of herbicides in chia Pre
& Post Emergenie (Salvia hispanica 1) under Mediterranean Semi- arid conditions Horti Agro
Botanicae Cluj-Napoca, Notuale Botanio 46(1):183-189.
5) Juilo Arjay B0(2019) Allelopathic effect of Lantana Camara and chromolaena odorata leaf extract
on plant germination, Asian J Agric & Biol 7(2): 192-196.
Preeti
1)Sanjiv Kumar, Rajat Sandhir and Sudarshan Ojha Evaluation of antioxidant activity and total phenol
in different varieties of Lantana camara leaves Published: 22 August 2014,BioMed central, page no.1-
8.
