BIOLOGY FORM ONE
MARKING SCHEME.
1 a) objective lens- magnification of the objective/image ( accept – magnification alone)
b) Diaphragm – regulates /adjusts /controls amount of light (falling on the object on microscope);
2. a) Ribosomes – protein synthesis
b) Lysosomes – Breakdown worn out cells/organelles/food materials ;
3. a) - In diffusion molecules move/along concentration gradient from a highly concentrated region
to a lowly concentrated region while in active transport molecules move/against concentration
gradient from a lowly concentrated region to a highly concentrated region;
No energy is required in diffusion while energy is required in active transport;
In diffusion no carrier molecules are required while in active transport, carrier molecules are
required;
b) (i) Plants. Absorption of water from the soil by root hairs/movement of water between plant
cells/opening and closing of stomata/support due to turgidity/feeding insectivorous plants.
(ii) Animals – Reabsorption of water by blood capillaries from renal tubeless/kidney tubeless
absorption of water in the colon/alimentary canal movement of water from one animal cell to another;
4. a) age- young people are actively growing/rapidly growing hence require more energy tyhan older people;
Occupation – manual workers require more energy than sedentary workers;
Sex – males are more muscular hence require more energy than females;
5. a) the red cell was placed in a hypertonic solution; it lost water by osmosis; and remained crenated;
Cell wall
b)
Cell membrane
Nucleus
Sap vacuole
Cytoplasm
Start of plasmolysis End of plasmolysis
6. - Presence of cell wall; which is rigid/does not stretch/tough;
7. - Secretion of substances;/hormones/enzymes/ polysaccharides /clycoproteins/synthesized
proteins/carbohydrates;
Packaging of carbohydrates and proteins/glycoproteins/synthesized materals;
Modification of carbohydrates and proteins/formation of glycoproteins;
Transport of carbohydrates/proteins/ glycoprotein/lipids;
Production of lysosmes;
8. a) Goitre;
b) Pellagra;
9 a) water;
b) - emulsifies fat/break fats into fat droplets;
- neutralizes acidic chyme from stomach;
c) Trypsin
d) - Long;
Highly folded;
Have villi;
e) Appendix;
10 Flat and broad lamina;
Presence of waxy transparent cuticle;
Thinness of the leaf;
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11. Mitochondrion;
12. a) An association where two organisms live together and mutually benefit from each other;
b) Fatty acids;
- glycerol;
(ii) In the absence of fats and carbohydrates;/ during times of starvation;
(iii) Vitamins;
13 i) J – crown/enamel;
K – root;
ii) Incisor (tooth);
(iii) It is chisel shaped;
- has one root;
14. a) high temperature;
Extreme PH/change in PH;
b) Absorption of slats;
15. a) Secrete /produce mucus;
b) Transport lipids /fatty acids and glycerol
16. i) I 0 C 0 PM 6 M 6
6 2 6 6
ii) 64;
iii) vegetation;
17. Hypertonic solution has high/more solutes in solvent;
Hypotonic solution has lower/less solutes in solvent;
18 a) A- Eye piece;
B- Coarse adjustment knob;
C- Fine adjustment knob;
D- arm;
E – MIRROR;
b) E – regulates the amount of light passing through condenser to illuminate the specimen;
F- objective lens – brings image into focus and magnifies it;
c) Magnification = magnification of X magnification of the
the eye piece lens objective lens
19. a) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum;
b) Lysosomes;
c) Nucleus;
d) Centrioles;
20. i) Entomology;
ii) Ecology;
21 Cytology;
22. i) Pooter - for sucking small animals from rock surfaces or banks of trees;
ii) For catching flying insects;
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23 a) Genus;
b) The genus name should begin with Capital letter and species name with a small letter;
should be printed in italics or when handwritten should be underlined as separate words;
should be Latinized i.e made to sound like latin words;
Plant cells Animal cells
1,. Have cell wall made of cellulose Have no cell wall;
2. have vacuoles filled with cell – sap Rarely have vacuoles, if they do, then they are
temporary and small.
3. generally have a definite shape Have no definite shape;
4. green plants have cells with chloroplasts Chloroplasts do not occur in animals cells.
25. - Reproduction;
Growth, repair and replacement;
Nutrition;
Respond to stimuli;
They move
They respire;
They excrete;
26. a) Osmosis
b) The salt solution was hypertonic to the tap water in the beaker; hence water was drawn into the
visking tube by osmosis; causing the visking tube to swell up /bulge;
c) It is a semi- permeable membrane/selectively permeable membrane.
27 i) Kingdom;
ii) Phylum (Division);
iii) Class;
iv) Order
v) Family;
vi) Genus;
vii) Species;
28. a) Kingdom plantae;
b) Kingdom Fungi;
c) Kingdom Protoctista;
d) Kingdom Monera;
