DOORS AND WINDOWS

PART 1

DHILSHA NAZAR
Door Window
An openable barrier An opening made in
secured in an opening the wall for the
left in a wall for the purpose of providing
purpose of providing daylight, vision &
access to the users of ventilation
the structures
IMPORTANT CONSIDERATION REGARDING DOORS AND
WINDOWS

1) DOORS

❖ Height = Width + (1 m to 1.2 m)

❖ Width = 0.4 to 0.6 m of height
2) WINDOWS

❖ Width of window = 1/8 (width of room + ht of room).

❖ Window area should be 15% of floor area (residential).
❖ Window area = 20% (for public buildings).
❖ Glass area of a Window should be 10% of floor area (residential).
❖ 15% (public building).
DESIGNATION OF A DOOR
❖ Width and height of an opening is designated
as modules.
❖ 1 module = 100 mm

For Door,
D - Door
S - Single shutter
T - Double shutter
Eg:
➔8DS 20 -----> (Door, Single
Shutter)
Width : 8 modules (800 mm)
Height : 20 modules (2000mm)

➔12 DT 20 -----> (Door, Double

Shutter)
Width : 12 modules (1200 mm)
Height : 20 modules (2000mm)
For Window,
W - Window
S - Single shutter
T - Double shutter
➔ 6WS 20 -----> (Window, Single Shutter)
Width : 6 modules (600 mm)
Height : 20 modules (2000mm)

➔ 12 WT 20 -----> (Window, Double Shutter)

Width : 12 modules (1200 mm)
Height : 20 modules (2000mm)
❖ The doors should be preferably located near the corner of a room
at a distance of about 20 cm from the corner.

❖ The Sill of a window opening should be located at a height of 70

to 80 cm from the floor level.
 TECHNICAL TERMS OF DOOR
1) Frame
2) Head
3) Post
4) Horn
5) Hold fast
6) Rebate
7) Style
8) Top rail
9) Bottom rail
10) Lock rail
11) Intermediate or cross rails.
12. Frieze rail
13. Panel
14. Shutter
15. Architrave
16. Sill
17. Transom
18. Mullion
19. Jamb
20. Reveal
21. Sash
22. Louver
1. Frame

❖ Group of horizontal and vertical members which forms support

of a door or window.
2. Head
❖ Top horizontal part of a frame.

3. Post
❖ Vertical member of frame.
4. Horn
❖ Horizontal projection of head beyond the face of frame.
❖ Length of horn is about 10- 15 cm.
5. Hold fast
❖ Mild Steel flat bar section to hold the frame in position.
❖ Length of holdfast is about 20 cm.
❖ Minimum number of holdfasts required for doors: 6 (3 on each
side).
❖ Minimum number of holdfasts required for windows: 4 (2 on each
side).
6. Rebate
❖ Depression or Recession created inside the frame to receive
the shutter.
❖ Depth of rebate: 10 – 15 mm.
7. Style
❖ Outermost vertical member of a door.
8. Top rail
❖ Topmost horizontal member of the shutter.
9. Bottom rail
❖ Lowermost horizontal member of the shutter.
10. Lock Rail
❖ Middle horizontal member of shutter where the lock arrangement
is provided.
11. Intermediate or Cross rails
❖ Additional horizontal rails fixed between the top & bottom rails.
12. Frieze rail
❖ Rail which is fixed between top rail and lock rail.
13. Panel
❖ Area of shutter enclosed between the adjacent rails.
14. Shutter
❖ Entire assembly of styles, panels, and rails.
15. Architrave
❖ A strip of member usually moulded,fixed around the sides and
head of the opening.
16. Sill

❖ Bottom horizontal part of window frame.

17. Mullion
❖ Vertical member which is employed to subdivide a window or a
door opening vertically.
18. Transom
❖ Horizontal member which is employed to subdivide a window
opening horizontally.
19. Reveal
❖ Exposed vertical surface left on the sides of an opening after a
door or a window frame has been fitted in position.
20. Jamb
❖ Vertical wall face of an opening which supports the frame of door
and window/
21. Sash
❖ Special type of frame made of light sections and designed to
carry glass.
22. Louver
❖ A piece of timber which is fixed in an inclined position within a
frame.
Q) The vertical member of the frame which vertically divides the
window
a) Mullion
b) Transom
c)None of these

Q) Cut made in the frame of a door to receive the shutter

a)Rebate
b)Louver
c)Groove
Q) The vertical member of door frame
a)Horn
b)Style
c)Head
d)Post

Q)The vertical sides of opening for doors and windows are called
a)Style
b)Jamb
c)Sill
d)Reveal
THANK YOU
DOORS AND WINDOWS
PART 2

DHILSHA NAZAR
TYPES OF DOORS

1. Ledged door/ T Hinge

2. Ledged and braced door
3. Ledged and Framed door
4. Ledged Framed and braced door
5. Framed and panelled door
6. Glazed or sash doors
 7. Flush Door
8. Louvered doors/ Venetian doors
9. Collapsible doors
10. Revolving door
11. Shutter or Rolling steel doors
12. Sliding door
13. Swing door
14. Wicket door
15. Wire gauged doors
1. Ledged Door/ T hinge
❖ Simplest form of door
❖ Formed of the vertical boards known as battens which are
secured by horizontal supports known as ledges.

❖ Batten-Vertical member
❖ Ledges-Horizontal member
Size of batten
❖ Width ---> 100-150 mm
❖ Thickness ----> 20-30 mm

Size of Ledges
❖ Width ----> 100-200mm
❖ Thickness ----> 30mm
❖ The shutters are hung on T-hinges connected on ledges.
❖ Used where strength and appearance are not important.
2. Ledged and braced door
❖ Similar to that of ledged door except diagonal
members known as braces are provided.
❖ The braces gives rigidity to the door.
❖ Used for wide openings.

Size of braces
❖ Width ----> 100-150 mm
❖ Thickness ----> 30mm
3. Ledged and Framed door
❖ A framework for the shutter is provided to make the door
stronger and better in appearances.

Style
❖ Width ----> 100mm
❖ Thickness ----> 40mm
4. Ledged Framed and braced door
❖ Similar to ledged and framed door except braces are provided.
❖ More stronger, hence it can be adopted for external use.
5. Framed and panelled door

❖ Most usual variety of doors.

❖ Consist of a framework in which panels are
fitted.
❖ Thickness of the shutter 30 to 40 mm.
❖ Thickness of the panel 20 mm.
❖ No of panels varies from 1 to 6.
❖ Minimum no of panels =1
❖ Maximum no of panels=6
❖ For small openings the shutters are of single leaf.
❖ While double leaf shutters are used for larger openings.
6. Glazed or sash doors
❖ In Order to admit more light in addition to that coming from the
windows fully glazed or partly panelled or partly glazed doors are
used.
❖ The ratio of panelled portion to glazed portion is 1:2

? Ratio of Glazed to panel ? 2:1

? Ratio of panelled to glazed? 1:2
 Diminishing style or Gunstock style.
❖ In order to increase the area of glazed portion the width of the
style at lock rail is decreased,then the style is known as
Diminishing style or Gunstock style.
7. Flush Door
❖ Consist of framework of rails, styles covered
with plywood.
❖ Outermost part of a flush door is called
Laminies
❖ Two types
a) Framed flushed door
❖ Consist of style, rail,
horizontal rib vertical
rib and plywood.
b) Laminated Flush door
❖ Consist of style, rail, laminated core and plywood.
8. Louvered doors/ Venetian doors

❖ Shutters are provided with louvers.

❖ Through a louvered door Vision is obstructed
while air is not obstructed.
❖ Allows free passage of air when closed and at the same time
maintains privacy (obstruct vision).
❖ Used in sanitary blocks of public and residential buildings.
9. Collapsible doors
❖ It is used in situation where light,ventilation and vision are desire
even when the opening is closed.
❖ Provides high safety and protection.
10. Revolving door

❖ Consist of a centrally placed pivot in which shutters are radially

attached.
❖ Simultaneously provides entrance on one side and exit on other
side.
❖ Keeps the opening automatically in closed position when not in
use.
❖ Use in places of heavy foot traffic, ac buildings
etc.
11. Shutter or Rolling steel doors
❖ Consist of a frame,drum and shutter.
❖ A slight push or pull will close or open the shutter.
❖ Rolling doors with drum on top, used in shops & godowns.
❖ Do not cause any obstruction to the floor as well as opening.

❖ Rolling doors with drum on top, used in shops & godowns

Types of shutter
1) Push pull shutter
2) Mechanical gear type shutter
Push pull shutter Mechanical gear type
shutter
When the area of When the area of
opening is <10 m2: opening is >=10 m2:
Push pull type shutter Mechanical gear type
is used. shutter is used.
12. Sliding door
❖ The shutter slides on the sides with the help of runners and
guides.
❖ Do not cause any obstruction during movement.
❖ Used in godowns, showrooms, shops etc
13. Swing door
❖ Provided with a special hinge known as double action spring
hinge.
❖ The shutters are held in closed position when not in use.
In A.C rooms , a door must serve the purpose of both opening and
closing
Q)The shutter remains in closed position when not in use
a)Revolving door
b)Swing door
Peep hole

Q) In ac building,a door has to serve both purpose of opening and

closing .The most suitable type of door for this purpose is
a)Sliding door
b)Swinging door
c)Revolving door
14. Wicket door
❖ Small door provided inside a bigger door.
15. Wire gauged doors
❖ Doors used to prevent the entry of insects &
flies.
Q) Door used in place where frequent opening & closing of door is to
be avoided
a)Sliding door
b)Revolving door
c)Wicket door

Q)Places where the additional light in the room and visibility from
outside of the room is required use
a)Glazed or sash door
b)Flush door
c)Louvered door
THANK YOU
DOORS AND WINDOWS
PART 3

DHILSHA NAZAR
 TYPES OF WINDOWS
1. Casement window
2. Double hung window
3. Pivoted window
4. Sliding window
5. Louvered window
6. Sash window or Glazed window
7. Metal window
8. Circular window
9. Corner windoW
10. Gable window
11. Dormer window
12. Bay window
13. Clerestory window
14. Lanterns / Lantern lights
15. Skylight
16. Fan light
1. Casement window
❖ Construction similar to wooden doors.
❖ The shutters opens like doors.
❖ Most common type of window.
2. Double hung window
❖ Consist of a pair of shutters which slides between the grooves
provided in the frame.
❖ Metal weights are connected to each side.
Q)Type of window in which metallic weights are attached to the
shutter-Double hung window
3. Pivoted window
❖ Windows which can swing about a pivot & can be cleaned easily.

❖ One of the window in which rebate is not provided

4. Sliding window
❖ Similar to sliding door, windows with a pair of shutter which can
slide within the grooves provided in the frame
❖ Can seen in bus, train, AC cabins, etc.
5. Louvered window
❖ The louvers are provided similar to that of
louvered door.
❖ The louvers can be raised or lowered.
❖ Economical angle of louver is 45 degree.
6. Sash window or Glazed window
❖ Type of casement window in which the panels
are fully glazed.
7. Metal window
❖ Nowadays widely used.
❖ Metals used are mild steel, alloys and aluminium.
❖ Greater precision.
❖ Fireproof.
❖ Strong.
❖ Durable.
❖ Maintenance almost
negligible.
8. Circular window
❖ Pivoted windows are circular shape.
❖ Circular shaped windows used mainly in
factories.
9. Corner Window
❖ Window provided at the corner of a room.
❖ Entry of light and air from 2 directions.
❖ Elevation is improved.
10. Gable window
❖ A vertical window provided at the gable end of pitched roof
11. Dormer window
❖ Vertical windows provided on the sloping roof.
12. Bay window
❖ Windows projected outward from the wall of a room to provide
an increased area of opening for admitting greater light and
ventilation.
13. Clerestory window
❖ The window usually provided near the top of main roof.
14. Lanterns / Lantern lights
❖ Provided on flat roofs to provide light to the
inside of a room where light from the windows
were insufficient.
15. Skylight
❖ Windows given on the sloping surface of a room, run parallel to
the sloping surface

Sloping roof-Dormer window(vertical)

Sloping surface-Skylight(Parallel)
16. Fan light
Windows provided in continuation of a window or door,at its top
THANK YOU
DOORS AND WINDOWS
PART 4

DHILSHA NAZAR
FIXTURES AND FASTENINGS
1. Back flap hinge
2. Butt hinge
3. Counter flap hinge
4. Garnet hinge
5. Parliamentary hinge
6. Pin hinge
7. Rising butt hinge
8. Strap hinge
9. Double action spring hinges
1. Back flap hinge
❖ Hinge used for thin shutters.
2. Butt hinge
❖ Most commonly used hinge.
3. Counter flap hinge
❖ Hinge which allows two leaves to fold back - to
- back.
4. Garnet hinge
❖ Hinge which is commonly used for ledged & braced doors.
5. Parliamentary hinge
❖ To avoid obstruction due to shutters which lie along the wall.
6. Pin hinge
❖ Used to hang heavy doors.
7. Rising butt hinge
❖ Hinges used to raise the door by 10 mm when being opened.
8. Strap hinge
❖ Used for heavy doors.
9. Double action spring hinges
❖ Swing doors are provided with special action hinges called
Double action spring hinges.
BOLT TYPES
1. Aldrop bolt
2. Barrel bolt
3. Espagnolette bolt
4. Flush bolt
5. Hasp & Staple bolt
6. Tower bolt
1. Aldrop bolt
❖ Used for external doors.
2. Barrel bolt
❖ Used to fix back faces of doors.
3. Espagnolette bolt
❖ Used for high doors.
4. Flush bolt
❖ Bolt used when it is desired to keep the bolt flush with the face of
door.
5. Hasp & Staple bolt
❖ Used for external doors
6. Tower bolt
❖ Similar to barrel bolt.
LOCK SYSTEM
1. Latch
2. Cupboard lock
3. Hook & Eye
4. Padlock
5. Peg stay
6. Rim lock
7. Bow handle
8. Lever Handle
9. Wardrobe handle
1. Latch
❖ Used to secure door.
2. Cupboard lock
❖ Used to secure doors of minor importance.
3. Hook & Eye
❖ Used to keep windows in an open position.
4. Padlock
❖ Used for securing doors.
5. Peg stay
❖ Used to keep steel windows in an open fixed position.
6. Rim lock
❖ Rim lock is used for thin doors.
7. Bow handle
❖ To facilitate opening of the door.
8. Lever Handle
❖ Type of handle with which door closes automatically when
released.
9. Wardrobe handle
❖ Used for better appearance.
PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS

Q)Type of window constructed similar to door

Ans: Casement window

Q)By using …….hinge ,it is possible to raise the

door shutter nearly 10mm above floor level
a)Strap
b)Back flap
c)Parliamentary
d)Rising butt
Q) A timber piece which is fixed in an inclined position within the
frame is known as
a)Mullion
b)Louvers
c)Batten

Q)Door frames are connected to the wall by

a)Hinges-used to attach a door to its frame act as a pivot point for
opening & closing the door
b)Bolts
c)Aldrop
d)Holdfast
Q)A door is designated as 9 DS 20, width of door is
a)2m
b)90 cm
c)9m
d)None of these
1 module=100 mm
Width= 900 mm

Q)Mini window area is given……..% of floor area

a)10
b)15
c)20
Q)Area of shutter enclosed between adjacent rails
a)Shutter
b)Panels
c)Mullion
THANK YOU