Republic of the Philippines

BOHOL ISLAND STATE UNIVERSITY

MAIN CAMPUS
Tagbilaran City
Name:Cathy Rose Dela Serna Date: October 1,2021
Section & Year : BTLED 2- IA Score: ___
2.1: The Track and Field History
The sport of track and field has its roots in human prehistory. Track and field-style events are
among the oldest of all sporting competitions, as running, jumping and throwing are natural and
universal forms of human physical expression. The first recorded examples of organized track and field
events at a sports festival are the Ancient Olympic Games. At the first Games in 776 BC in Olympia,
Greece, only one event was contested: the stadium footrace. The scope of the Games expanded in
later years to include further running competitions, but the introduction of the Ancient Olympic
pentathlon marked a step towards track and field as it is recognized today it comprised a five-event
competition of the long jump, javelin throw, discus throw, the stadium foot race, and wrestling.
Track and field events were also present at the PanHellenic Games in Greece around this
period, and they spread to Rome in Italy around 200 BC. After the period of Classical antiquity (in which
the sport was largely Greco-Roman influenced) new track and field events began developing in parts
of Northern Europe in the Middle Ages. The stone put and weight throw competitions popular
among Celtic societies in Ireland and Scotland were precursors to the modern shot put and hammer
throw events. One of the last track and field events to develop was the pole vault, which stemmed from
competitions such as the Fierljeppen contests in the Northern European Lowlands in the 18th century.
An early model of hurdling at the Detroit Athletic Club in 1888.
Discrete modern track and field competitions, separate from general sporting festivals, were
first recorded in the late 19th century. These were typically organized by educational institutions,military
organizations and sports clubs as competitions between rival establishments. Competitive hurdling first
came into being around this point, with the advent of the steeplechase in England around 1850.
The Amateur Athletic Association was established in England in 1880 as the first national body for the
sport of athletics and, under this grouping, track and field became the focus of the
annual Championships. The United States also began holding an annual national competition the USA
Outdoor Track and Field Championships first held in 1876 by the New York Athletic Club. Following the
establishment of general sports governing bodies for the United States (the Amateur Athletic Union in
1888) and France (the Union des societies franaises de sports athl©tiques in 1889), track and field
events began to be promoted and codified.
Jim Thorpe fell foul of the sport’s early amateur principles and lost his Olympic medals
The establishment of the modern Olympic Games at the end of the 19th century marked a new
high for track and field. The Olympic athletics programmed, comprising track and field events plus a
marathon race, contained many of the foremost sporting competitions of the 1896 Summer Olympics.
The Olympics also consolidated the use of metric measurements in international track and field events,
both for race distances and for measuring jumps and throws. The Olympic athletics program greatly
expanded over the next decades, and track and field contests remained among the Games’ most
prominent. The Olympics was the elite competition for track and field, and only amateur
sportsmen could compete. Track and field would continue to be a largely amateur sport, as this rule
was strictly enforced: Jim Thorpe was stripped of his track and field medals from the 1912
Olympicsafter it was revealed that he had played baseball professionally.
 That same year, the International Amateur Athletic Federation (IAAF) was established,
becoming the international governing body for track and field, and it enshrined amateurism as one of its
founding principles for the sport. The National Collegiate Athletic Association held their first Men’s
Outdoor Track and Field Championship in 1921, making it one of the most prestigious competitions for
students, and this was soon followed by the introduction of track and field at the inaugural World
Student Games in 1923. The first continental track and field competition was the 1919 South American
Championships, which was followed by the European Athletics Championships in 1934. Up until the
early 1920s, track and field had been almost exclusively a male-only pursuit. The women’s
sports movement led to the introduction of five track and field events for women in the athletics at the
1928 Summer Olympics and more women’s events were gradually introduced as years progressed
(although it was only towards the end of the century that the men’s and women’s programmed
approached parity of events). Furthermore, major track and field competitions for disabled were first
introduced at the 1960 Summer Paralympics.
Reference: History of Track and Field | Pure History
2.2 Track Events
Track events is a sports event in which athletes compete with each other by running a race on
a specially prepared circular path

Track events can be divided into three main categories: events that require running on a track
over a defined distance, running events with obstacles placed on the track, and relay events. While
track events generally refer to events held within the stadium, other distance events that require
running on roads have been included in the roster.

Track events are generally not complicated - you run from point A to point B in the quickest
time possible. However, those not familiar with athletics may wonder what the difference is between the
events, other than the distance involved.

Reference: TRACK EVENT | meaning in the Cambridge English Dictionary

What are track events in athletics? - ActiveSG (myactivesg.com)
2.3 Field Events
field event - a competition that takes place on a field rather than on a running track

Field events allow a company to have intimate interactions with

prospects and customers, without the distraction of a large conference.
2.4 Multi Events
The multi events in track & field—which consist of the decathlon, heptathlon, and
pentathlon—provide coaches and athletes with a unique set of circumstances. The
events require a multitude of physical and technical skill sets. The coach must
balance the athlete’s training components to best enable the individual to develop
across a broader physical and mental spectrum than that of single event athletes.
Managing the physiological, psychological, technical, and tactical requirements is no
easy task.
2.5 Basic rules and Regulation
Rules Rules for track and field events are designed to keep participants safe and
secure while racing. While track and field events may have complex rules and rule
books, basic events such as sprinting and long distance running have only a few key
 rules that must be followed by all participants. Failure to follow the basic rules of
track and field can result in an automatic disqualification.
Basic Start and Finish Rules

Track and field start and finish rules are designed to give spectators as well as
competitors a clear indication of when a race has started and finished. For sprinters
and distance runners, each racer gets an individual starting lane. While some lanes
are staggered to compensate for additional circumference found on the track, short
sprints have racers line up at the same point on the track. A starting line is clearly
marked and cannot be crossed till a starter gun goes off. A false start can only
happen once. If a racer double faults he is disqualified from the race. The finish line
is often marked by a line on the ground as well as a piece of ribbon or tape. The
racer who crosses the finish line first is the winner.

Basic Relay Race Rules

Basic relay race rules require racers to use one type of baton during their races. As a
result, no grip tape or foreign material can appear on the baton to give racers an
unfair advantage during the race. Failure to abide by these rules will often result in
immediate disqualification. Another relay race rule involves the way in which racers
receive the baton from other racers. If you drop the baton, you can pick it up and
continue on during your race. However, if you grab the baton from a racer at an
unsanctioned point on the race track, your team will be disqualified.

Basic Shot Put Rules

Shot put is a track and field event that requires you to push a heavy metal ball as far
as you can away from your body. The distance is recorded and measured against
other contestants. If you are a man, your shot put ball must weight 16 lbs. If you are
a female contestant, your ball must weight 8.8 lbs. To legally put the ball, you must
place the ball against your neck and push it away from your body using your hand.
Competitors stand in a circle with a 7-foot radius that cannot be crossed while putting
the shot put. If a player crosses the line he will be disqualified from the match.

Track & Field Regulations

Boys' Track Events Girls' Track Events

110 Meter LH (30 in.) 100 Meter LH (30 in.)

100 Meter Dash 100 Meter Dash

4x200 Meter Relay 4x200 Meter Relay

1600 Meter Run 1600 Meter Run

4x100 Meter Relay 4x100 Meter Relay

400 Meter Dash 400 Meter Dash

800 Meter Run 800 Meter Run

200 Meter Dash 200 Meter Dash

4x400 Meter Relay 4x400 Meter Relay

Boys' Field Events Girls' Field Events

Discus Throw Discus Throw

High Jump High Jump

Long Jump Long Jump

Shot Put* Shot Put*

*The boys' shot put must weigh 4.0 kilograms (8.818 lbs). The girls' shot put must
weigh 2.744 kilograms (6 lbs).

Track Regulations

I. TSSAA Uniform Rule

A. All uniforms must follow the NFHS Rules. The referee will warn every participant prior
to the meet that they must compete in a legal uniform, and if a contestant competes
in an illegal uniform, then that contestant is disqualified from that event. There are no
team warnings or individual warnings after the meet begins. Officials should use
preventative officiating as much as possible.

II. Number of Events Open to Participants

A. No contestant may participate in more than three events in any meet. This regulation
applies to all track competition - regular-season meets as well as invitational,
conference, sub-sectional, sectional, regional, and state meets.
B. A school may enter no more than three girls or three boys in any individual event and
no more than one team in a relay.

III. Sectional

A. In middle school track, there will be two classifications: Class A and Class AA.
Classification can be found here.
B. Four Sectionals will be held across the state with the qualifiers advancing to the State
Championships. There will be 16 qualifiers in each event (4 from each Sectional) for
each classification to the State Championships from the Sectional meets.
C. Sectionals must be completed by May 9, 2020.
D. There will be a fee of $50 for a girls' team and $50 for a boys' team for each school
that participates in the championship series. Check with your school administration to
see if this was paid with your school's membership in August. This can be reviewed
on the school ledger on the TSSAA Portal.

IV. State Meet Information

 A. Running Events - All lane assignments will be based on the athlete's qualifying
performance.
B. The following scoring system shall be used in the state meet - 10-8-6-5-4-3-2-1.
C. The Middle School Track & Field State Championships will be held May 16, 2020 at
Austin Peay State University in Clarksville, TN.

Developing the Multi-Event Athlete - SimpliFaster

Field event - definition of field event by The Free Dictionary
Rules of a 200-Meter Sprint (sportsrec.com)
Track & Field Regulations | TSSAA.org