ISSUED

SURFACE J2655 SEP2003

VEHICLE
STANDARD Issued 2003-09

Fastener Part Standard—Washers and Lockwashers

(Inch Dimensioned)

1. Scope—This SAE Part Standard covers selected inch dimensioned washers and lock washers manufactured
in accordance with American Society for Mechanical Engineers dimensional standards. This SAE standard
covers material most often used in ship systems and equipment but its use may be applied wherever washers
of the covered materials are used. This standard permits the washers to be identified and ordered by a part or
identifying number (PIN) as defined in this standard.

1.1 Purpose—The purpose of this document is to assist the designer and other personnel in providing
requirements and part or identifying numbers for the most commonly used washers and lock washers. A part
or identification number (PIN) is normally required for all military applications and provides a useful means of
communicating washer and lock washer requirements to suppliers and manufacturers in a very succinct
manner.

1.2 Washer and Lock Washer Part Numbers—This document provides PINs that can be used to identify
washers and lock washers covered by this standard. The PIN identifies the configuration (shape), nominal
diameters, special features (plating and coatings), and material.

2. References

2.1 Applicable Publications—The following documents form a part of this standard to the extent specified
herein. The latest issue of the documents shall be used except in those cases where an invitation for bid or
procurement contract specifically identifies the issues in effect on a particular date.

2.1.1 SAE PUBLICATIONS —Available from SAE, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, Web site:
www.sae.org, Tel. (724)-776-4970.

SAE AMS 2412—Silver Plating, Copper Strike, Low Bake

SAE AMS 2485—Black Oxide Coating
SAE AMS 2487—Anodic Treatment of Titanium and Titanium Alloys—Solution pH 12.4 maximum
SAE AMS 2488—Anodic Treatment, Titanium and Titanium Alloys—Solution pH 13 or Higher
SAE J2280—Ship Systems and Equipment—Fasteners—Selection and Identification Requirements

SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance t he state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely
voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising therefrom, is t he sole responsibility of the user.”
SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be reaffirmed, revised, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions.
Copyright © 2003 SAE International
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying,
recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE.

TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada)

Tel: 724-776-4970 (outside USA)
Fax: 724-776-0790
Email: custsvc@sae.org
SAE WEB ADDRESS: http://www.sae.org
 SAE J2655 Issued SEP2003

2.1.2 ASME PUBLICATIONS —Available from the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 22 Law Drive,
Box 2900, Fairfield, NJ 07007-2900, Web site: www.asme.org, Tel. (800)-843-2763

ASME B18.2.6—Fasteners for Use In Structural Applications

ASME B18.18.2—Inspection and Quality Assurance for High-Volume Machine Assembly Fasteners
ASME B18.21.1—Lock Washers (Inch Series)
ASME B18.22.1—Plain Washers

2.1.3 ASTM PUBLICATIONS —Available from the American Society for Testing and Materials, 100 Barr Harbor Drive,
West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, Web site: www.astm.org, Tel. (610)-832-4585

ASTM A 342/A 342M—Standard Test Methods for Permeability of Feebly Magnetic Materials
ASTM A 380—Cleaning, Descaling and Passivation of Stainless Steel Parts, Equipment, and Systems
ASTM B 580—Standard Specification for Anodic Oxide Coatings on Aluminum
ASTM B 695—Coatings of Zinc Mechanically Deposited on Iron and Steel
ASTM F 436—Hardened Steel Washers
ASTM F 1136—Chromium/Zinc Corrosion Protective Coatings for Fasteners
ASTM F 1137—Phosphate/Oil and Phosphate/Organic Corrosion Protective Coatings for Fasteners
ASTM F 1470—Fastener Sampling for Specified Mechanical Properties and Performance Inspection
ASTM F 1941—Electrodeposited Coatings on Threaded Fasteners (Unified Inch Screw Threads (UN/UNR))
ASTM D 4066—Standard Classification System for Nylon Injection and Extrusion Materials

2.1.4 DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE PUBLICATIONS —Available from the DoD Single Stock Point - DoDSSP Building 4 /
Section D, 700 Robbins Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098, Web site: http://assist.daps.mil or http://
assist2.daps.dla.mil/quicksearch, Tel. (215) 697-2179

MIL-DTL-16232—Phosphate Coating, Heavy, Manganese or Zinc Base

QQ-N-286—Nickel-Copper-Aluminum Alloy, Wrought (UNS N05500)

2.1.5 NATIONAL AEROSPACE STANDARDS—Available from the Aerospace Industries Association of America, Inc.,
1000 Wilson Boulevard, Suite 1700, Arlington, VA 22209-3901, Web site: www.aia-aerospace.org, Tel. 703-
358-1000

3. Requirements

3.1 SAE Washer Standards—This washer standard utilizes ASME dimensional standards for flat washers, helical
spring lock washers and tooth type lock washers.

3.2 Part or Identifying Numbers (PINs) for Selected Washers and Lock Washers—PINs are provided herein
for selected washers and lock washers for the purpose of common logistics parts identification between
designers, fastener manufacturers, construction and repair activities and equipment operators. Part numbers
are provided for only those fastener configurations and materials most likely to be needed for ship systems and
equipment. Figure 1 provides a part or identifying number (PIN) for selected washers and lock washers. The
PIN consists of a number of fields in order as identified in Figure 1. (There are no blank spaces in the PIN.) The
next to last field in the PIN, Field 4, designates the washer material and the last field, Field 5, if applicable
designates the finish. Dimensions for various configuration washers are provided in Tables 1 through 4 as
identified below:

Table 1 - Nominal Dimensions for Round Flat Washers

Table 2 - Nominal Dimensions for Helical Spring Lock Washers
Table 3 - Nominal Dimensions for Tooth-Lock Washers
Table 4 - Nominal Dimensions for Internal/External Tooth Lock Washers
Tables 5 and 6 list the material designators for Field 4 of the PIN along with the UNS alloy number and
hardness requirements. Tables 5 and 6 also list recommended finishes for Field 5 of the PIN.

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 SAE J2655 Issued SEP2003

3.3 Dimensional Requirements

3.3.1 THICKNESS OF WASHERS —The thickness of standard washers shall be in accordance with the applicable
standard as identified in Figure 1. For non-standard washers the thickness shall be specified per Appendix A
and shall be within the tolerances of Appendix A.

3.3.2 DIAMETERS —For standard washers, the internal and outside diameters shall be restricted to those identified
in the applicable dimensional standards as identified in Figure 1. For non-standard washers, dimensions
shall be as identified in Appendix A.

3.3.2.1 Inside Diameter Profile—The inside diameter of a flat washer usually has three distinct profiles as a result
of the punch press process. As the punch enters, there is some pushing in of the material; that results in a
rounded corner section (A). As the punch advances, it creates an essentially parallel section until it
approaches the exit point and a tapered breakout occurs (B). Dimensions given for inside diameters, and
their accepted tolerances, apply to the parallel sections. At the break out side of the washer, the specified
maximum inside diameter may be exceeded by a maximum of 25% of the specified thickness (See Figure
2). For information on selecting the inside diameter see 4.5.3.

3.3.3 PLATING THICKNESS—Dimensions apply before plating or coating. Plating thickness is additive. See 3.5.4.

3.4 Finish Requirements—Finishes (coatings and platings) shall be limited to those identified herein. Finishes
are recommended for the medium carbon steels for corrosion protection. The applicable finishes shall be
designated in the part identification number as indicated in Figure 1. Recommended finishes for the various
materials are identified in Table 5 for plain washers & Table 6 for lock washers. Other finishes may be specified
if needed. While not normally recommended, the black oxide coating can be specified for materials other than
carbon steels where a shiny natural appearance must be avoided.

3.4.1 REQUIRED TREATMENTS/COATINGS FOR ALUMINUM , STAINLESS STEEL AND TITANIUM WASHERS —The following
treatments are required for all washers of the indicated material and are not identified in Field 5 of the PIN
since the treatment is mandatory.

3.4.1.1 Aluminum—All aluminum washers shall be anodized in accordance with ASTM B 580.

3.4.1.2 Stainless Steel—All corrosion-resistant steel washers shall be passivated in accordance with ASTM A 380.
Additional coatings are not usually required for protection of corrosion resistant steel washers

3.4.1.3 Titanium—Washers of titanium alloy shall be anodized in accordance with SAE AMS 2487 or AMS 2488
Type 2 (except testing requirements may be negotiated between manufacturer and coating supplier).

3.4.2 ALUMINUM COATINGS—Aluminum coatings shall have a conversion or other top coat and shall be subjected to
a 400 hour salt spray test and meet the coating requirements of ASTM F 1137 except for appearance.

3.4.3 BLACK OXIDE COATINGS—Black oxide coatings shall be in accordance with SAE AMS 2485. See SAE J2280
for possible restrictions on use of black oxide finishes on brass and other materials for Navy ships.

3.4.4 ELECTRO-DEPOSITED COATINGS—Electro-deposited coatings of cadmium, zinc, and zinc-nickel shall be in

general accordance with ASTM F 1941 for inch-dimensioned washers except that equivalent plating
standards are permitted. The minimum coating thickness shall be 0.0002 inches. Additional corrosion
protection shall be provided by a chromate or other finish that provides corrosion protection equivalent to
designation D for cadmium, zinc and zinc-nickel coatings as defined in ASTM F 1941.

NOTE— Cadmium plated washers are not recommended and are prohibited in many Navy applications.
See SAE J2280 for additional information. Some activities also restrict the use of chromate
finishes.

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 SAE J2655 Issued SEP2003

FIGURE 1—Part or Identifying Numbers (PINs) for Washers and Lockwashers

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 SAE J2655 Issued SEP2003

FIGURE 1—Part or Identifying Numbers (PINs) for Washers and Lockwashers (Continued)

FIGURE 2—Washer Profile (Exaggerated for Clarity)

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 SAE J2655 Issued SEP2003

TABLE 1—NOMINAL DIMENSIONS FOR ROUND FLAT WASHERS

Type A Narrow and Type B (Dimensions)2
Type A Wide Type A Type B Type B Type B
(Dimensions)2 Narrow Narrow Regular Wide
Nominal
FAW FAN All FBN FBR FBW
Washer Field
1
Size /Diam 3 ID OD/Thk OD/Thk ID OD/Thk OD/Thk OD/Thk
No. 0 0.060 0060 0.068 0.125/0.025 0.188/0.025 0.250/0.025
No. 1 0.073 0073 0.084 0.156/0.025 0.219/0.025 0.281/0.032
No. 2 0.086 0086 0.094 0.188/0.025 0.250/0.032 0.344/0.032
No. 3 0.099 0099 0.109 0.219/0.025 0.312/0.032 0.406/0.040
No. 4 0.112 0112 0.125 0.250/0.032 0.375/0.040 0.438/0.040
No. 5 0.125 0125 0.141 0.281/0.032 0.406/0.040 0.500/0.040
No. 6 0.138 0138 0.375/0.049 0.156 0.312/0.032 0.438/0.040 0.562/0.040
No. 8 0.164 0164 0.438/0.049 0.188 0.375/0.040 0.500/0.040 0.625/0.063
3
No. 10 0.190 0190 0.500/0.049 0.203 0.406/0.040 0.562/0.040 0.734/0.063
No. 12 0.216 0216 0.562/0.065 0.2344 0.438/0.040 0.625/0.063 0.875/0.063
1/4 0.250 0250 0.312 0.734/0.065 0.625/0.065 0.281 0.500/0.063 0.734/0.063 1.000/0.063
5/16 0.312 0312 0.375 0.875/0.083 0.688/0.065 0.344 0.625/0.063 0.875/0.063 1.125/0.063
3/8 0.375 0375 0.438 1.000/0.083 0.812/0.065 0.406 0.734/0.063 1.000/0.063 1.250/0.100
7/16 0.438 0438 0.500 1.250/0.083 0.922/0.065 0.469 0.875/0.063 1.125/0.063 1.469/0.100
1/2 0.500 0500 0.562 1.375/0.109 1.062/0.095 0.531 1.000/0.063 1.250/0.100 1.750/0.100
9/16 0.562 0562 0.625 1.469/0.109 1.156/0.095 0.594 1.125/0.063 1.469/0.100 2.000/0.100
5/8 0.625 0625 0.688 1.750/0.134 1.312/0.095 0.656 1.250/0.100 1.750/0.100 2.250/0.160
3/4 0.750 0750 0.812 2.000/0.148 1.469/0.134 0.812 1.375/0.100 2.000/0.100 2.500/0.160
7/8 0.875 0875 0.938 2.250/0.165 1.750/0.134 0.938 1.469/0.100 2.250/0.160 2.750/0.160
1 1.000 1000 1.062 2.500/0.165 2.000/0.134 1.062 1.750/0.100 2.500/0.160 3.000/0.160
1-1/8 1.125 1125 1.250 2.750/0.165 2.250/0.134 1.188 2.000/0.100 2.750/0.160 3.250/0.160
1-1/4 1.250 1250 1.375 3.000/0.165 2.500/0.165 1.312 2.250/0.160 3.000/0.160 3.500/0.250
1-3/8 1.375 1375 1.500 3.250/0.180 2.750/0.165 1.438 2.500/0.160 3.250/0.160 3.750/0.250
1-1/2 1.500 1500 1.625. 3.500/0.180 3.000/0.165 1.562 2.750/0.160 3.500/0.250 4.000/0.250
1-5/8 1.625 1625 1.750 3.750/0.180 1.750 3.000/0.160 3.750/0.250 4.250/0.250
1-3/4 1.750 1750 1.875 4.000/0.180 1.875 3.250/0.160 4.000/0.250 4.500/0.250
1-7/8 1.875 1875 2.000 4.250/0.180 2.000 3.500/0.250 4.250/0.250 4.750/0.250
2 2.000 2000 2.125 4.500/0.180 2.125 3.750/0.250 4.500/0.250 5.000/0.250
2-1/4 2.250 2250 2.375 4.750/0.220 2.375 4.000/0.250 5.000/0.250 5.500/0.375
2-1/2 2.500 2500 2.625 5.000/0.238 2.625 4.500/0.250 5.500/0.375 6.000/0.375
2-3/4 2.750 2750 2.875 5.250/0.259 2.875 5.000/0.250 6.000/0.375 6.500/0.375
3 3.000 3000 3.125 5.500/0.284 3.125 5.500/0.375 6.500/0.375 7.000/0.375

1. Use only sizes in bold type for new design.

2. See ASME B18.22.1 for complete dimensions. ASME B18.22.1 uses the Narrow and Wide designations only for sizes ¼ through 1-1/2
nominal diameters. Note: As indicated by the heavy dividing line, the I.D. dimensions for Type A Wide washers also apply to the Type A
Narrow washers for nominal sizes 1-1/8 to 1-1/2.
3. The ID for Type A Narrow is 0.219 inches.
4. The ID for Type A Narrow is 0.250 inches.

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TABLE 2—NOMINAL DIMENSIONS FOR HELICAL SPRING LOCK WASHERS

Maximum Outside Diameter/Minimum Thickness
(Inches)2
Nominal
Washer Field Regular Heavy Extra Duty High Collar
Size1/Diam 3 LHR LHH LHE LHC
No. 2 0.086 0086 0.172/0.020 0.182/0.025 0.208/0.027
No. 3 0.099 0099 0.195/0.025 0.209/0.031 0.239/0.034
No. 4 0.112 0112 0.209/0.025 0.223/0.031 0.253/0.034 0.173/0.022
No. 5 0.125 0125 0.236/0.031 0.252/0.040 0.300/0.045 0.202/0.030
No. 6 0.138 0138 0.250/0.031 0.266/0.040 0.314/0.045 0.216/0.030
No. 8 0.164 0164 0.293/0.040 0.307/0.047 0.375/0.057 0.267/0.047
No. 10 0.190 0190 0.334/0.047 0.350/0.056 0.434/0.068 0.294/0.047
No. 12 0.216 0216 0.377/0.056 0.391/0.063 0.497/0.080
1/4 0.250 0250 0.487/0.062 0.489/0.077 0.533/0.084 0.363/0.078
5/16 0.312 0312 0.583/0.078 0.593/0.097 0.619/0.108 0.457/0.093
3/8 0.375 0375 0.680/0.094 0.688/0.115 0.738/0.123 0.550/0.125
7/16 0.438 0438 0.776/0.109 0.784/0.133 0.836/0.143 0.644/0.140
1/2 0.500 0500 0.869/0.125 0.879/0.151 0.935/0.162 0.733/0.172
9/16 0.562 0562 0.965/0.141 0.975/0.170 1.035/0.182
5/8 0.625 0625 1.073/0.156 1.087/0.189 1.151/0.202 0.917/0.203
3/4 0.750 0750 1.265/0.188 1.285/0.226 1.355/0.241 1.105/0.218
7/8 0.875 0875 1.459/0.219 1.489/0.266 1.571/0.285 1.291/0.234
1 1.000 1000 1.656/0.250 1.700/0.306 1.794/0.330 1.478/0.250
1-1/8 1.125 1125 1.847/0.281 1.903/0.345 2.013/0.375 1.663/0.313
1-1/4 1.250 1250 2.036/0.312 2.104/0.384 2.222/0.417 1.790/0.313
1-3/8 1.375 1375 2.219/0.344 2.301/0.422 2.429/0.458 2.031/0.375
1-1/2 1.500 1500 2.419/0.375 2.491/0.458 2.627/0.496 2.159/0.375
1-5/8 1.625 1625 2.553/0.389 2.694/0.458 2.784/0.496
1-3/4 1.750 1750 2.679/0.389 2.820/0.458 2.902/0.526 2.596/0.469
1-7/8 1.875 1875 2.811/0.422 2.945/0.458 3.027/0.526
2 2.000 2000 2.936/0.422 3.144/0.496 3.156/0.526 2.846/0.469
2-1/4 2.250 2250 3.221/0.440 3.398/0.496 3.345/0.508
2-1/2 2.500 2500 3.471/0.440 3.648/0.496 3.595/0.508
2-3/4 2.750 2750 3.824/0.458 3.910/0.526 4.095/0.633
3 3.000 3000 4.074/0.458 4.160/0.526 4.345/0.633

1. Use only sizes in bold type for new design.

2. For complete dimensions see ASME B18.21.1.

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TABLE 3—NOMINAL DIMENSIONS FOR TOOTH-LOCK WASHERS

Maximum Outside Diameter/Maximum Thickness (Inches)2
Nominal Internal Tooth Heavy Internal External Tooth Countersunk 82°
Washer Field Tooth External Tooth
Size1/Diam. 3 LTR LTH LET LEC
No. 2 0.086 0086 0.200/0.016
No.3 0.099 0099 0.232/0.016 0.235/0.016
No. 4 0.112 0112 0.270/0.018 0.260/0.018 0.213/0.019
No. 5 0.125 0125 0.280/0.020 0.285/0.020
No. 6 0.138 0138 0.295/0.022 0.320/0.022 0.289/0.021
No. 8 0.164 0164 0.340/0.023 0.381/0.023 0.322/0.021
No. 10 0.190 0190 0.381/0.024 0.410/0.024 0.354/0.025
No. 12 0.216 0216 0.410/0.027 0.475/0.027 0.421/0.025
1/4 0.250 0250 0.478/0.028 0.536/0.045 0.510/0.028 0.454/0.025
5/16 0.312 0312 0.610/0.034 0.607/0.050 0.610/0.034 0.599/0.028
3/8 0.375 0375 0.692/0.040 0.748/0.050 0.694/0.040 0.765/0.034
7/16 0.438 0438 0.789/0.040 0.858/0.067 0.760/0.040 0.867/0.045
1/2 0.500 0500 0.900/0.045 0.924/0.067 0.900/0.045 0.976/0.045
9/16 0.562 0562 0.985/0.045 1.034/0.067 0.985/0.045
5/8 0.625 0625 1.071/0.050 1.135/0.067 1.070/0.050
3/4 0.750 0750 1.245/0.055 1.265/0.084 1.260/0.055
7/8 0.875 0875 1.410/0.060 1.447/0.084 1.410/0.060
1 1.000 1000 1.637/0.067 1.620/0.067
1-1/8 1.125 1125 1.830/0.067
1-1/4 1.250 1250 1.975/0.067

1. Use only sizes in bold type for new design

2. For complete dimensions see ASME B18.21.1.

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TABLE 4—NOMINAL DIMENSIONS FOR INTERNAL/EXTERNAL TOOTH LOCK WASHERS

Nominal Maximum Outside Diameter/Maximum Thickness (Inches)2
Field
Size1/Diam. 3 LCA LCB LCC LCD
No. 4 0.112 0112 0.475/0.021 0.510/0.021 0.610/0.021
No. 5 0.125 0138 0.510/0.028 0.610/0.028 0.690/0/028
No. 6 0.138 0164 0.610/0.034 0.690/0.034 0.760/0.034
No. 8 0.164 0190 0.610/0.034 0.690/0.040 0.760/0.040 0.900/0.040
No. 10 0.190 0216 0.690/0.040 0.760/0.040 0.900/0.040 0.985/0.045
No. 12 0.216 0250 0.760/0.040 0.900/0.040 0.985/0.045 1.070/0.045
1/4 0.250 0312 0.900/0.040 0.985/0.045 1.070/0.050 1.155/0.050
5/16 0.312 0375 0.985/0.045 1.070/0.050 1.155/0.050 1.260/0.050
3/8 0.375 0438 1.070/0.050 1.155/0.050 1.260/0.055 1.315/0.055
7/16 0.438 0500 1.260/0.055 1.315/0.055 1.410/0.060 1.620/0/067
1/2 0.500 0562 1.315/0.055 1.430/0.060 1.620/0.067 1.830/0.067
9/16 0.562 0625 1.410/0/0.060 1.620/0.067 1.830/0.067 1.975/0.067

1. Use only sizes in bold type for new design.

2. For complete dimensions see ASME B18.21.1.

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TABLE 5—MATERIALS FOR PLAIN WASHERS

(Field 5
Recommended Designator)
Field 4 UNS Configurations Recommended
Designator Number Material/Alloy Hardness (See Figure 1) Finishes
G1 G10080 – Carbon ≤ .069 Thk All B, C, G, M4, Z
G10200 Steel 90 HRB min.
≥.070 Thk
84 HRB min.
G4 G40370 Alloy Steel 38 - 46 HRC All B, C, G, M4, Z
F1 F436 Ty 1 Carbon Steel See Note 2 FCR, FCC, G
BSB, & BSC
F3 F436 Ty 3 Weathering Steel See Note 2 FCR, FCC, N
BSB, & BSC
S1 Stainless Steel All P
S30200 Alloy 302. 80-92 HRB
S30400 Alloy 304 80-92 HRB
S30403 Alloy 304L 80-92 HRB
S30500 Alloy 305 80-88 HRB
S31600 Alloy 316 80-95 HRB
S31603 Alloy 316L 80-95 HRB
S2 S31600 Alloys 316 & 80-95 HRB All P
S31603 316L

C2 C28000 Brass (Cu –Zn 74 HRB min FAN N, B

Alloy) FAW

N2 N10276 Ni-Mo-Cr 80 HRB min. All, N

Alloy C-276 FAW
N4 N04400 NI-Cu Alloy All, N
400 60 HRB min. FAW
N5 N05500 Ni-Cu-Al 70 HRB min. All N
N6 N06686 Ni-Cr-Mo-W All N
Alloy 686 80 HRB min.
P1 PA111 per Plastic 188 HRR FAW N
ASTM D 4066 Polyamide min.
(Nylon)
A5 A95052 Alloy 5052 All, FAW A
H32 or H34
A6 A96061 Aluminum 6061-T6 40 HRB min. All, FAW A
T2 R50400 Titanium Grade 2 80 HRB min. All A
T3 R55111 Titanium Alloy 5111 24 HRC min. All, FAW A
A = Anodize, B = Black Oxide, C = Cadmium, G = Zinc (hot dipped or mechanically deposited), 4 = Manganese Phosphate,
N = None, NR = Not Recommended, P = Passivate, Z = Zinc (see Field 5 for options)

Notes:(1) For those configurations listed as NR, the material may not be readily available or better material choices may be
available. A par ticular configuration listed in bold is an indication that parts are more readily available in this configuration.
(2) See ASTM F 436 for material, hardness and other requirements.

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TABLE 6—MATERIALS FOR LOCK WASHERS

Helical Spring Lock Tooth Lock
Finishes
Washer Washers
Field 4 UNS Material/ (Field 5
Designator Number Alloy Hardness Config. Hardness Config. Designator)
G5 G10500 – Carbon NR 40 – 50 All B, C, G, Z
G10650 Steel HRC
G6 G10550 - Carbon 38 – 46 HRC All NR B, C, G, Z
G10650 Steel-
G4 G40370 Alloy Steel 38 - 46 HRC All NR B, C, G, Z

S1 Stainless Steel 5/8 & < All 40 - 50 All P

S30200 Alloy 302, 35 – 43 HRC HRC
S30400 Alloy 304 3/4 & >
S30403 Alloy 304L 32 – 43 HRC
S30500 Alloy 305
S31600 Alloy 316
S31603 Alloy 316L
S2 S31600 Alloys 316 & See above All See All, P
S31603 316L above LET
S4 S41000 Martensitic NR 40 - 50 ALL, P
Alloy 410 HRC LET

C4 C42500 Tin Brass NR Temper H06 All.

Alloy 425 min. LET
C5 C51000 Phosphor 90 HRB min. All All,
Bronze 510 LET
C6 C65100 or Silicon Bronze 90 HRB min. All, NR
C65500 Alloy 651 or 655 LHR

N5 N05500 Ni-Cu-Al 33-40 HRC All, NR N

QQ-N-286 LHR

A7 A97075 Alloy 7075-T73 75 – 97 HRB All NR A

A = Anodize, B = Black Oxide, C = Cadmium, G = Zinc (hot dipped or mechanically deposited), N = None, NR = Not Recommended,
P = Passivate, Z = Zinc (see Field 5 for options)

Notes:(1) For those configurations listed as NR, the material may not be readily available or better material choices may be available.
A particular configuration listed in bold is an indication that parts are more readily available in this configuration.

3.4.5 MECHANICALLY-DEPOSITED ZINC—Mechanically deposited zinc coatings shall be in accordance with ASTM B
695. Minimum coating thickness shall be 0.0002 inches for washers of nominal diameters of ½ inch and less
and 0.0003 inches for nominal diameters greater than ½ inch. Additional corrosion protection shall be
provided by a chromate or other finish that provides corrosion protection equivalent to designation D for
cadmium, zinc and zinc-nickel coatings as defined in ASTM F 1941.

NOTE— Mechanically deposited zinc is not recommended for tooth washers, see 4.5.3.1

3.4.6 PHOSPHATE COATINGS—Manganese Phosphate coatings should not be exposed to temperature in excess of
121 °C (250 °F). Zinc Phosphate coatings should not be used if contact with alkaline materials or exposure to
temperatures above 93 °C (200 °F) is expected. A supplementary coating shall be provided for improved
corrosion resistance. The designated Field 5 phosphate coatings shall be as indicated below:

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 SAE J2655 Issued SEP2003

M4 = Manganese Phosphate with chemically converted supplemental treatment in accordance with MIL-
DTL-16232, Type M, Class 4
Z1 = Zinc Phosphate with supplementary protective oil type compound (Coating shall be in accordance
with MIL-DTL-16232 or ASTM F 1137 and shall meet 72 hour salt spray test.)
Z2 = Zinc Phosphate Coating with supplementary zinc rich epoxy resin coating. (Coating shall be in
accordance with ASTM F 1137 Grade II or Grade III and shall meet 240 hour salt spray test.)

3.4.7 SILVER PLATING—Silver plating shall be in accordance with SAE AMS 2412,

3.4.8 ZINC/ALUMINUM OR CHROMIUM ZINC INORGANIC COATING—This coating shall meet the requirements of Grade
3 in accordance with ASTM F1136 except that a pigmented topcoat is permitted. (If a particular pigmented
topcoat color is required it must be specifically identified on the ordering documentation.)

3.5 Quality Assurance—The ordering document must address quality assurance requirements. SAE J2280
Appendix A identifies additional test/inspection requirements that are to be applied when SAE J2280 Appendix
A is contractually invoked, such as for most military procurements. If the ordering document does not address
quality control requirements, the following inspections shall apply:

3.5.1 WORKMANSHIP, FINISH, AND APPEARANCE —Washers shall be free of excess mill scale, excess coatings and
foreign material (including metal spatter) on bearing surfaces.

3.5.2 DIMENSIONS—Dimensional inspections shall be in accordance with the referenced product standard. If the
number of samples is not addressed in the product standard, the requirements of ASME B18.18.2 shall
apply except Sample Size A of ASTM F 1470 may be applied for lots of 5000 pieces or less.

3.5.3 HARDNESS TESTS—These tests and inspections shall be in accordance with the referenced product standard.
If the number of samples is not addressed in the product standard, the number of samples for hardness shall
be in accordance with ASTM F 1470.

3.5.4 COATING THICKNESS —For coated washers, the coating thickness shall be verified by one of the methods
identified in ASTM F 1941. The number of samples shall be as specified in ASTM F 1941.

4. Notes—This section contains information of a general or explanatory nature that may be helpful, but is not
mandatory.

4.1 Intended Use—This standard establishes requirements and PINs for washers of selected materials. While this
standard was developed specifically for ship systems and equipment, its use is not restricted to these
applications.

4.2 Identification of Part Numbering System on Drawings—On drawings where a column exists for identifying
the manufacturer or his Commercial and Government Entity (CAGE) Code, indicate the CAGE Code “81343/
J2655” or “SAE J2655” as required by the drawing standard. If no column exists or there is space only for the 5-
digit CAGE Code, then a note must indicate that the part numbers are defined in SAE J2655.

4.3 Magnetic Permeability—For certain applications, low magnetic permeability may be required. Most non-
ferrous fasteners have a relative magnetic permeability in air of 2.0 maximum when determined in accordance
with ASTM A 342/A 342M on the finished fastener. However Nickel-Copper Alloy 400 and 405 washers should
not be used when a magnetic permeability of 2.0 maximum is required as the magnetic permeability changes
significantly at a transition temperature that is within the temperature range of normal usage. For CRES
fasteners, alloy 316/316L should be specified when low magnetic permeability is required. For washers where
low permeability is essential, Nickel alloys UNS N05500 and UNS N06686 should be considered. If compliance
with magnetic permeability requirements is necessary, the requirements must be identified in addition to the
part number for the washer.

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 SAE J2655 Issued SEP2003

4.3.1 Nickel-Copper alloys such as Alloy 400 can often be identified by their magnetic properties. The Curie point
will be between -5 °C and 100 °C depending upon the alloy. This means the material will be magnetic when
placed in a freezer and the magnetic properties will disappear when it is placed in hot water above the Curie
point.

4.4 Use of Coatings—Not all coatings are suitable for use with all materials. In addition to the recommendations
in Tables 5 and 6, the Appendix of J2280 identifies further restrictions regarding coating for use on Navy ships.

4.4.1 USE OF SILVER PLATING—Silver plating should only be specified for washers of materials that are more noble
than silver, such as nickel-copper and nickel base alloys and some stainless steel. Silver shall not be applied
to titanium washers.

4.5 Washer Application and Selection Guidance—Brief application and selection guidance is provided for the
types of washers and lock washers covered in this standard.

Flat Washers–Washers prevent embedment of fasteners in the clamped material by spreading the load
over a larger area, aid in tightening and increase the effective bolt length thereby increasing the amount of
stretch the bolt can withstand under shock. Selection of the configuration to use for particular size is based
upon the amount of fastener preload, clearance in the fastener hole, amount of space available for the
washer outer diameter, and strengths of the members in the joint.
Helical Spring Lockwashers–These washers provide protection against looseness resulting from
vibration, provide a hardened bearing surface resulting in more uniform torque control and increase the
effective bolt length significantly more than plain washers. The regular configuration is suitable for most
applications; the heavy and extra heavy configurations are used in applications with higher torques. The
high collar configuration is for use in confined areas and for use with socket head cap screws.
Tooth Lockwashers–The twist in the “tooth” is shaped to provide resistance to loosening and when
compressed acts as a spring to provide additional spring load to the fastener. External tooth lockwashers
with the teeth on the OD provide greater resistance to lo loosening than internal tooth lockwashers.
Internal tooth washers are primarily used for small head fasteners and where the appearance of the teeth
is detrimental for appearance or scratch/snag potential. Internal/External tooth washers are used where
large bearing area is desired, for large or elongated holes, and for electrical connections. Countersunk
lockwashers are for use with countersunk screws. It is important that the head/washer surface of the
fastener cover the entire diameter of the external teeth on a lock washer.

4.5.1 AVAILABLE SIZES—Not all washer sizes or materials listed in this standard are available off the shelf. It is
recommended that manufacturer and distributor catalogs and web sites be consulted to determine
availability of products. For small orders, off-the-shelf products should be selected whenever feasible. There
are many washer standards that cover configurations, materials and coatings not covered in this standard.
Many military washer standards have been converted to NAS standards or made inactive for new design. For
a listing of these standards and comparison to configurations and coatings in J2655 see the following Tables
in Appendix B:

Table B1. Flat Washers - Active Standards, Sizes, Materials and Finishes
Table B2. Flat Washers - Inactive Standards, Sizes, Materials and Finishes
Table B3. Helical Lock Washers - Standards, Sizes, Materials and Finishes
Table B4. Tooth Lock Washers - Standards, Sizes, Materials and Finishes

4.5.2 PART NUMBERS FOR NON-STANDARD FLAT WASHERS —Users should select standard washers from this
standard or one of the active washer standards listed in Table B1. If neither of these options can provide the
required washer, a part number can be developed in accordance with Appendix A to cover almost any flat
washer that is required.

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 SAE J2655 Issued SEP2003

4.5.3 CAUTION ON SELECTION AND INSTALLATION OF WASHERS —Some washers have a relatively small clearance on
the inside diameter that can result in interference with the fillet radius at the junction of the head and shank of
screws and bolts. This interference can cause embedment that results in loss of preload and stress
concentrations at the junction of the head and shank leading to possible failure. If a washer is to be installed
directly under the head of a screw or bolt, a dimensional analysis should be made to ensure that an interference
will not result under adverse tolerances. Countersunk washers are available to alleviate this condition. (See Table
B1.) The clearance tends to be less with Military and NAS washers. This condition is further aggravated when
the breakout (punch exit) side of punched washers is not installed directly under the head of a screw or bolt. (See
3.3.2.1 and Figure 2.) The clearance is usually the greatest on the ASME B18.22.1 Type A Wide configuration
washers and this configuration is recommended for use directly under heads when available in the required size.

4.5.3.1 Coating Limitations—While mechanically deposited zinc and electroplated zinc are listed as being
interchangeable, experience has shown that mechanically deposited zinc is more suitable for flat and
helical spring washers whereas good coverage of mechanically deposited zinc is difficult to obtain on tooth
washers.

4.5.4 ASME B18.2.6 HARDENED STEEL STRUCTURAL WASHERS—Hardened steel washers to ASME B18.2.6 are
considered equivalent to the ASTM F 436 washers except that ASTM F 436 covers larger diameter circular
washers. Quality Assurance requirements may differ slightly. In event of a dispute for washers to this SAE
standard, the ASTM F 436 requirements apply.

5. Notes

5.1 Key Words—Helical spring lock washer, round flat washers, tooth lock washer, countersunk washer,
internal/external tooth lock washer

PREPARED BY THE FASTENERS SUB-COMMITTEE OF THE SAE SHIP SYSTEMS

AND EQUIPMENT COMMITTEE

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 SAE J2655 Issued SEP2003

APPENDIX A

PART NUMBERS FOR NON-STANDARD FLAT WASHERS

A.1 Purpose—The purpose of this Appendix is to provide a means of establishing Part Identification Number
(PINs) for non-standard flat washers that are not covered in J2655. Users are encouraged to select washers of
standard configurations wherever possible. However, this Appendix permits the establishment of PINs for
washers with a nominal diameter greater than 3 inches and other washers of a different thickness or
dimensions including other configurations listed in ASME B18.22.1.

A.2 Recommended Dimensions

A.2.1 Diameters—It is recommended that the ID for 3 inch and smaller nominal diameter washers be based on the
values in Table 1 for Type A Wide (FAW) or Type A Narrow (FAN) as tooling for manufacturing these diameters
is more likely to be available. See Table A1 for recommended tolerances on diameters for non-standard
washers. Many washers are manufactured by punching. When a hole is punched it does not have a constant
radius through the entire thickness of the part. The result is that the diameter increases (or tapers) as a
function of the die clearance between the punch diameter and the diameter. The die clearance is usually about
10% of the material thickness.

A.2.2 Thickness—A liberal tolerance for thickness is needed because of the manner in which washers are
manufactured. They are usually stamped from sheet, strip or plate. While sheet can be rolled to relatively close
tolerances, it is preferable to select a thickness based on standard mill products. With sheet products the
thickness varies, being thicker in the center and thinner at the edges. On very thin sheets this variation can be as
much as plus or minus 10% of the sheet thickness. While a plus or minus tolerance is permitted for sheet material,
the tolerance will normally be on the minus side. Another factor is that Standard Gage Nos. for thickness result in
different dimensions depending upon whether the metal is Ferrous (and CRES) or Non-ferrous (Aluminum and
others). When selecting materials it is important that standard mill thickness be specified whenever practical,
particularly if the quantity of washers ordered is small so that readily available material may be used. Table A2 lists
standard gage thickness for carbon steel and CRES along with thickness tolerances for non standard washers.
Where possible it is recommended that the values for nominal standard thickness be used.

FIGURE A1—Part or Identifying Numbers (PINs) for Non Standard Flat Washers

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 SAE J2655 Issued SEP2003

TABLE A1—DIAMETERS FOR NON-STANDARD WASHERS

Recommended ID & OD Tolerances
Outside
Diameter Basic ID Plus Minus
0.500 and less See FAW or FAN in Table 1 0.008 0.005
0.501 to 1.000 See above 0.015 0.005
1.001 to 3.000 See above 0.030 0.007
3.001 to 5.000 See above 0.045 0.010
5.001 to 7.000 See above 0.065 0.010
> 7.001 inches Fastener Nominal 0.075 0.015
Diam. + 0.19

TABLE A2—THICKNESS TOLERANCES FOR NON-STANDARD FLAT WASHERS

Tolerances for Non-Standard Thickness
Tolerances for Standard Thickness Washers Washers

Standard Steel Gauge Washer Thickness Tolerance

Nominal No./ Specified
Thickness Thickness Max. Min. Thickness Max. Min
.020 25 0.0209 0.024 .017 .020 - .039 .005 .005
.025 23 0.0269 0.030 .020
.032 22 0.0299 0.036 .028 .041 - .049 .006 .006
.040 19 0.0418 0.045 .036
.050 0.057 .043 .051 - .062 .007 .008
.063 15 0.0673 0.070 .060
.075 0.085 .065 .064 - .074 .011 .011
.090 13 0.0897 0.100 .080
.105 12 0.1046 0.113 .095 .076 - .104 .012 .012
.125 0.135 .110
.134 10 0.1345 0.143 .125 .106 - .133 .013 .013
.160 8 0.1644 0.173 .150
.250 1/4 0.250 0.285 .230 .135 - .159 .014 .014
.312 5/16 0.312 0.345 0.290
.375 3/8 0.375 0.410 0.350 .161 - .311 .016 .016
.500 1/2 0.500 0.535 0.480
> .313 .030 .030

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 SAE J2655 Issued SEP2003
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 SAE J2655 Issued SEP2003

TABLE B2—FLAT WASHERS - INACTIVE STANDARDS, SIZES, MATERIALS AND FINISHES

Aluminum COPPER CRES Nickel PL Steel

2 C C
0 B U N A A
2 7 R - Y L R
Nominal Comparison 4 0 A 6 L L B
Military Size to J2655 T 7 S 5 300 Alloy O O O
Standard (Inches) Dimensions 4 5 S 1 Series 660 N Y N
AN 960 Inactive No. 3 to 2-1/2 Similar, less A, N B C
Use NAS 1149 thickness Cc P
MS16212 Inactive No. 8 to 1-1/2 Most sizes differ N P
MS27183 Inactive No. 1 to 3 in Many sizes same C
MS51412 Inactive No. 4 to 2-1/2 Some size same Z Z
MS51496 Inactive No. 0 to 3/4 Usually narrower A A (1) P N C
MS51859 Inactive No. 0 to 5/8 Some sizes same N
(1) Coating may be: Black chemical, tin or nickel plate
Abbreviations: A = Anodize, B = Black Oxide, Bc = Black Chemical, Cc = Chemical Conversion, C = Cadmium, N = None,
Ox = Oxide, P = Passivate, Z = Zinc
Blank entries = not applicable

TABLE B3—HELICAL LOCK WASHERS - STANDARDS, SIZES, MATERIALS AND FINISHES

Copper CRES Nickel Steel
Comparison to J2655 C
Configurations B P S A A
Nominal LHR = Regular Helical R H I L R
Industry or Size LHH = Heavy Helical A - - Ni L B
Military LHE = Extra-Duty S B B 300 NI- Cu O O
Standard (inches) LHC = High Collar S Z Z Series Cu Al Y N
SAE J2655 No. 2 to 3 in. LHR LHH LHE LHC N N P B, C, B, C,
G, Z G, Z
ASME B18.21.1 No. 2 to 3 in. Same Same Same Same N N N N N N
NAS 1640 No. 0 to 1-1/2 Similar P, B, C
NAS 1676 No. 0 to 1-1/2 Similar P, B
NASM 35338 S/S No. 2 to 1-1/2 Same C P, B N Ph,
MS35338 C/Z
AN 935 S/S by No. 2 to 3/4 in No light series in J2655, Regular series
MS35338 similar to LHR with ID & OD differences
MS16214 S/S by No. 4 to 1-1/2 Similar
MS35338
MS35337 Canceled. No. 2 to 1-1/2 Similar
Use NASM 35338
MS35339 S/S by No. 2 to 1-1/2 Similar C/Z
MS35340 C, Ph
MS35340 Inactive No. 2 to 1-1/2 Same C/Z
MS51415 Inactive No. 6 to 1-1/4 Same Z
MS51416 Inactive 1/4, 5/16 & 1/2 Same Z
MS51848 Inactive No. 0 to 1 in. Same P P, C/Z
Abbreviations: A = Anodize, B = Black Oxide, C = Cadmium, C/Z = Either Cadmium or Zinc (same part number), N = None, P = Passivate,
Ph = Phosphate Coating, Y = Zinc/Aluminum Inorganic Coating, and Z = Zinc, S/S = Supersedes or Superseded
Blank entries = not applicable

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 SAE J2655 Issued SEP2003

TABLE B4—TOOTH LOCK WASHERS - STANDARDS, SIZES, MATERIALS AND FINISHES

COPPER CRES Steel

Comparison to J2655 300

Configurations B C C S C
LEC – External Tooth, Csk R 5 4 E A A
Nominal LET = External Tooth A 1 2 R L R
Industry or Size LTR = Internal Tooth S 0 5 I L B
Military LTH = Internal Tooth, Heavy S 0 0 E O O
Standard (inches) LC* = Internal/External Tooth (1) 0 0 S 410 Y N
SAE J2655 See Std. All types covered N P P B, C, B, C,
G, Z G, Z
ASME B18.21.1 Same as J2655 All types covered N P N
NASM 35333 No.2 to 1-1/4 Table I – Same as LTR N P C/Z
S/S MS35333 Table II – Smaller OD and thinner
AN 936 Inactive No. 2 to 1 in. Almost identical to LTR & LET C C
No. 2 to 7/16 Almost Identical to LEC C C
A-A-55607 S/S by No. 4 to 1 in. Minor thickness variation from LET P
MS16213
MS16213 Inactive No. 4 to 1 in. Same as above P
MS35334 Inactive 1/4 to 7/8 in Same as LTH C
MS35335 Inactive No. 4 to 1 in Same as LET N P C/Z
MS35336 Inactive No. 3 to 1/2 Same as LEC T N P C
MS35790 Inactive No. 2 to 3/8 External tooth, 100° countersunk – T N P C
No Industry standard
MS45904 Inactive No. 4 to 5/8 LCA. LCB, LCC. LCD apply C
MS51413 Inactive No. 2 to 5/8 Similar to LTR C Z
MS51414 Inactive No. 4 to 1/2 LET except for minor variations in C Z
thickness for some sizes
Notes: (1) In some cases either Phosphor Bronze or Tin/Brass may be furnished.
(2) Blank entries in the material column indicate the material is not covered in the standard.
Abbreviations: A = Anodize, B = Black Oxide, C = Cadmium, C/Z = Either Cadmium or Zinc (same part number),
N = None, P = Passivate, T = Tin, Y = Zinc/Aluminum Inorganic Coating, Z = Zinc

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 SAE J2655 Issued SEP2003

Rationale—Not applicable.

Relationship of SAE Standard to ISO Standard—This standard has no ISO counterpart.

Application—This SAE part Standard covers inch washers and lock washers of materials commonly used in
the shipbuilding industry. However, this standard is not limited to the shipbuilding industry and is suitable
for use in a wide range of applications. The washer configurations are selected from applicable ASME
B18.21.1, ASME B18.22.2, and ASTM F 436 configurations.

The purpose of this document is to assist the designer and other personnel in providing requirements
and part or identifying numbers for the most commonly used washers and lock washers for ship systems
and equipment. A part or identification number (PIN) is normally required for all military applications and
provides a useful means of communicating washer requirements to suppliers and manufacturers in a
very succinct manner.

This document provides PINs that can be used to identify the washers covered by this standard. The
parts covered by this standard are manufactured in accordance with materials and processes identified
in applicable dimensional standards with additional materials identified in this standard. The PIN
identifies the washer configuration (shape, type, size configuration), nominal diameter, material and
finishes (coatings, platings).

Reference Section

SAE AMS 2412—Silver Plating, Copper Strike, Low Bake

SAE AMS 2485—Black Oxide Coating
SAE AMS 2487—Anodic Treatment of Titanium and Titanium Alloys—Solution pH 12.4 maximum
SAE AMS 2488—Anodic Treatment, Titanium and Titanium Alloys—Solution pH 13 or Higher
SAE J2280—Ship Systems and Equipment—Fasteners—Selection and Identification Requirements

ASME B18.18.2M—Inspection and Quality Assurance for High Volume Machine Assembly Fasteners
ASME B18.21.1—Lock Washers (Inch Series)
ASME B18.22.1—Plain Washers
ASTM A 342/A 342M—Standard Test Methods for Permeability of Feebly Magnetic Materials
ASTM A 380—Cleaning, Descaling and Passivation of Stainless Steel Parts, Equipment, and Systems
ASTM F 436—Hardened Steel Washers
ASTM B 580—Standard Specification for Anodic Oxide Coatings on Aluminum
ASTM B 695—Coatings of Zinc Mechanically Deposited on Iron and Steel
ASTM F 1136—Chromium/Zinc Corrosion Protective Coating for Fasteners
ASTM F 1137— Phosphate/Oil and Phosphate/Organic Corrosion Protective Coatings for Fasteners
ASTM F 1941—Electrodeposited Coatings on Threaded Fasteners (Unified Inch Screw Threads
(UN/ UNR))
ASTM D 4066—Standard Classification System for Nylon Injection and Extrusion Materials
MIL-DTL-16232—Phosphate Coating, Heavy, Manganese or Zinc Base
QQ-N-286—Nickel-Copper-Aluminum Alloy, Wrought (UNS N05500)

Developed by the SAE Fasteners Sub-Committee of the SAE Ship Systems and Equipment Committee