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INGLES

Modern universities play a vital role in developing professional classes and academic research, significantly impacting a nation's scientific and economic progress. In contrast, their early history involved localized associations, like the University of Bologna founded in 1088, which focused on specific professional training, particularly in law. Universities such as Oxford and Paris evolved from monastic schools, initially linked to the Catholic Church, but eventually expanded their curricula and gained independence, sometimes producing dissenters against the church.

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23 views1 page

INGLES

Modern universities play a vital role in developing professional classes and academic research, significantly impacting a nation's scientific and economic progress. In contrast, their early history involved localized associations, like the University of Bologna founded in 1088, which focused on specific professional training, particularly in law. Universities such as Oxford and Paris evolved from monastic schools, initially linked to the Catholic Church, but eventually expanded their curricula and gained independence, sometimes producing dissenters against the church.

Uploaded by

Rocio Calma
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Read the paragraphs below, and then rewrite them in your own words.

This is called
paraphrasing.

Universities today are a key component for modern states and economies, where the professional
classes and academic research are fostered. We often rate societies by their abilities to produce
scientific achievement and develop economic success, where universities play a critical role.
However, the history of universities was very different, and these institutions were first relatively
parochial, and only in recent times have they become pervasive. The first true university, an
institution called such, was founded in Bologna, Italy, in 1088. The Latin phrase universitas
magistrorum et scholarium indicated an association of teachers and scholars. At this early date,
universities were more of an association or a guild for learning particular crafts. In the case of
Bologna, the focus was law. The emphasis was on training students for more developed skills
within a particular profession to serve and develop those skills at more professional levels. Oxford,
the second oldest university and oldest English speaking university, was probably sometime late in
the 11th century. Traditions such as having a chancellor and residence halls had become
established by the 13th century. Oxford had established its oldest colleges, Balliol and Merton
Colleges, by the mid 13th century The early universities, such as Paris, later became the Sorbonne,
derived from the monastic or cathedral learning schools that had continued into the early
Medieval era after the fall of the Roman Empire. Thus, these early universities were closely
affiliated with the Catholic church, although education began to be broad and offered important
skills outside of religious education. Despite the religious association of schools, they also
developed to be independent and sometimes trained individuals who would come into conflict
with the church.

Answer
The crucial role of modern universities in fostering professional classes, academic research, and
contributing to a nation's scientific and economic standing. It contrasts this with the early history
of universities, which began as localized associations or guilds focused on specific professional
training, exemplified by the University of Bologna (founded in 1088) specializing in law. Oxford
University emerged later in the 11th century, developing traditions like chancellors and residence
halls. Early universities, including Paris (later the Sorbonne), evolved from monastic and cathedral
schools and had strong ties to the Catholic Church, although their curriculum gradually broadened,
and they developed independence, sometimes even producing individuals who opposed the
church.

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