Module 10 EXPANDING IDEAS

LESSON OBJECTIVES

At the end of the session you are expected to;

1. state the function of an adverb;

2. use the degrees of adverb correctly in written and oral discourse;

3. apply the functions of the adverbs of manner, place, time; frequency, and duration in
sentence construction; and

4. cooperate in the class discussion.

KEY WORDS:

Adverb adverb of time

Adverb of place adverb of frequency

Adverb of manner adverb of duration

GUIDE QUESTIONS

1. What is adverb?

2. What are the kinds of adverbs?

3. How are adverbs positions in the sentence?

Lesson 6: Adverb
What is adverb?

Adverbs are words that tell you more about verbs, adjectives and other adverbs. Many
adverbs end in ly. You make these adverbs by adding ly to adjectives.

Example:

She writes neatly.

She waited patiently to see the doctor.

Adverb phrase are groups of words that functions as single adverbs to describe the
action of the verb.

Example:

Are you sitting in a comfortable chair?

The train arrived on time.

6.1 Types of Adverbs

1. Adverbs of Manner. Some adverbs and adverb phrases describe the way people do things.
They answer the question “How?”

Example:

The girls answered all the questions correctly.

He was driving carelessly.

The plane landed safely.

**Note: Some words that end in ly are not adverbs. Some adjectives end in ly too.

Example:

Sam was feeling very lonely.

 She was wearing a lonely dress.

It was a very lively party.

2. Adverbs of Time. Some adverbs and adverb phrases answer the question “when?”
They are called adverbs of time.

Example:

I’m going to my new school tomorrow.

The train has already left.

We moved into our new house last week.

3. Adverb of Place. Some adverbs and adverb phrases answer the question “where?”
They are called adverbs of place.

Example:

It’s very sunny but cold outside.

The boys are playing upstairs.

That’s our ball there.

4. Adverbs of Frequency. Some adverbs and adverb phrases answer the question “how
often?” They are called adverbs of frequency.

Example:

Katy practices the piano regularly.

The children always go to school on the bus.

I’ll never make that mistake again.

5. Adverbs of Duration. Some adverbs and adverb phrases answer the question “how
long?” They are called adverbs of duration.

Example:

The library is temporarily closed.

 We’re staying in the hotel overnight.

The snow lasted for three days.

Positions of Adverbs

TYPE POSITION EXAMPLE

manner They usually go in end position. She ate quickly.

They sometimes go in mid position if the adverb is not She quickly ate her dinner
the and ran out.

Most important part of the clause or if the object is very

long

Can you come over here?

We’ll be at that table there?

place They usually go in end position. Here she sat.

They sometimes go in front position, especially in Outside, there was a small

writing. pond.

I’m flying to Edinburgh

tomorrow.
They usually go in end position.
Today, I’m going to clean the
time They sometimes go in front position especially if we house.
want to emphasize the adverb.

duration They usually go in end position. I’m not staying long.

They usually go in end position. We often have friends to stay.

They sometimes go in front position. I usually get up late on

 frequenc They can also go in end position. weekends.
y
Always, ever and never do not usually go in front Sometimes she wore a
position. woolen hat.

We don’t see them very often.

Source: www.dictionary.cambridge.org

6.2. Comparative and Superlative Adverbs

ADVERB COMPARATIVE SUPERLATIVE

1. With adverbs ending in –ly, you must use more to form the comparative, and most to form
the superlative.

slowly more slowly most slowly

quietly more quietly most quietly

2. Some adverbs have irregular comparative and superlative forms.

badly worse worst

little less least

far Farther/further Farthest/furthest

well better Best

3. With short adverbs that do not end in –ly comparative and superlative forms are identical to
adjectives: add –er to form the comparative and –est to form the superlative. If the adverb
ends in e, remove it before adding the ending.

late later Latest

fats faster Fastest

hard harder hardest

Source: www.edufind.com
References:

www.dictionary.cambridge.org

www.edufind.com
NAME: _____________________________________ SCORE: _________________________

ACTIVITY 1:

The Adverb Chain

You are tasked to list at least two examples of verb, adjective or another adverb with a subject.
You are only given two minutes to do this.

Go around the classroom to look for the best adverb that fits on the list at hand. Share your list
as well to your classmates for them to create also the adverb chain. Write the new sentence that
you have created in a separate sheet. Get ready to present this in front of the class

ACTIVITY 2:
The More the Better

Challenge your classmates on how many additional adverbs they can come up with the verb,
adjective or adverb that you will tell them. Example, if you challenge them to give you an adverb
that will modifies, “handsome boy”, they could come up with an adverb

like “very” handsome boy. Be sure to write all their answers in a piece of papers to avoid
duplication of answers. Take turns in doing this with your classmates if nothing can already be
added as adverb in your given example. The more adverbs you can solicit from your classmates
is better.

NAME: ____________________________________ SCORE: __________________________

ACTIVITY 3:
Give two examples of adverb (a word that tells “how”, “when”, “where”, or “how much”)
for each letter of the alphabet

A N

Example: abnormally

B O

C P

D Q

E R

F S

G T

H U

I V

J W

K X

L Y
M Z

NAME:

__________________________________________ SCORE: ____________________

Exercise 1: Choose an adjective from the box and turn it into an adverb to complete the
sentences below. The first one has been done for you.

close fim bright neat careful

quick sad regular quiet clear

1. She writes very neatly.

2. You have to talk ___________________ when you’re in the library.

3. Carry the glass _______________________ so you don’t drop it.

4. You should exercise __________________ if you want to stay fi.

5. “Goodbye. I’m going to miss you,” she said _________________.

6. The sky was blue and the sun was shining ___________________.

7. If you follow us _______________, you won’t get lost.

8. I can’t understand you. Please speak more __________________.

9. Let’s walk __________________ so we get home before it starts to rain.

10. Attach the sign _______________ to the wall.

EXERCISE 2: Circle the verb in each sentence bellow. Then underline the adverb or
adverb phrase that describes the verb. What kind of verb is it? Write M for manner, T for
time, P for place, F for frequency or D for duration in the box after each sentence. The
first one has been done for you.

1. Kent did his homework carelessly. ______________________________

2. We start our vacation next week. ______________________________

3. Farah read the open in a very clear voice. ______________________________

4. The accident happened during the afternoon. ______________________________

5. The man walked very slowly. ______________________________

6. My cousin arrived yesterday. ______________________________

7. I left my schoolbag in the car ______________________________

8. It stopped raining for a few minutes. ______________________________

9. Dad goes jogging regularly. ______________________________

10. We eat our meals in the dining room. ______________________________

NAME: ___________________________________________ SCORE: ___________________

EXERCISE 3: Are the bold words in the following sentences adverbs or adjectives? Write
adverb or adjective on the line after each sentence.
1. The teacher smiled kindly. _____________________________

2. She has a lovely smile. _____________________________

3. The children in my class are very friendly. _____________________________

4. John had no friends and felt very lonely. _____________________________

5. It was raining, so they wisely decided to stay in. _____________________________

6. My dad buys a daily newspaper. _____________________________

7. Some snakes are deadly. _____________________________

8. I’ve nearly finished my homework. _____________________________

9. I shook hands politely with the head teacher. _____________________________

10. They played some very lively games. _____________________________

EXERCISE 4: Complete the sentences with an adverb or adverb phrase from the box. The
kind of adverb you will need is in parentheses after each sentence. The first one has
been done for you.

Outside this morning ever on the bus clearly

all day in old times for a week already everyday

1. His face was dirty and he was dressed in old clothes. (manner)

2. Have you ___________________ been in a plane? (frequency)

3. She was so ill that she missed school ________________. (duration)

4. I did some homework last night and finished it ________________. (time)

5. We went _________________ to play. (place)

6. Dad takes the dog for a walk _________________. (frequency)

7. Sally left her pencil case ___________________. (place)

8. Speak ______________________ so everyone can hear you. (manner)

9. It was a fie day and the children played in the garden ________________. (duration)

10. “Go and do your homework.” “I’ve __________________ done it.” (time)

CONNECTING WORDS

Module 11
LESSON OBJECTIVES

At the end of the session, you are expected to:

1. define conjunctions;

2. identify the types of conjunctions;

3. use correctly the conjunctions in written and oral discourse: and

4. participate actively in every part of the lesson.

KEY WORDS:

Conjunction Correlative Conjunction

Subordinating conjunction Coordinating Conjunction

GUIDE QUESTIONS

1. What is conjunction?

2. What are the types of conjunction?

3. What are the uses of conjunctions?

Lesson 7: Conjunction
What is conjunction?

Conjunctions are words used to link words, phrases, or clauses.

Types of Conjunctions

1. Coordinating Conjunction

These conjunctions are used to connect two words or phrases that are equally
important and complete in terms of grammar when compared with each other. They are
FANBOYS (For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet, So)

a. For is used as coordinating conjunction between clauses.

Example:

I go to the sports complex every day, for I love to jog in the track and field oval.

b. And is used to suggest that one idea is chronologically sequential to another.

Example:

I go to the sports complex every day, for I love to jog and exercise in the track and field
oval.

c. Nor is used to present an alternative negative idea to an already stated negative idea.

Example;

The teacher did not go to school by car nor cab.

d. But is used to show contrast

Example:

I did not review my lesson, but I still passed all my exams.

e. Or is used to suggest that only one possibility can be realized.

Example:

What do you want for dinner, adobo or dinuguan?

f. Yet is used to introduce a contrasting idea that follows the preceeding idea logically.

Example:

This computer is very old, yet it is reliable and efficient.

g. So is used to connect two independent clauses. It is also used to indicates effect,
result, or consequence

Example:

The children are wearing hats so they won’t get sunburned.

2. Correlative Conjunctions

They come in pairs, and you have to use both of them in different places in a
sentences to make them work. They get their name from the fact that they work together
(co-) and relate one sentence element to another.

both. . .and whether. . .or

either. . .or neither. . .nor

not. . .but not only. . .but also

Examples:

1. Both my father and my brother work in the steel plant.

2. It is either you will stick with your job, or you find a new one.

3. Mylene is trying to decide whether to go to the medical school or to go to the law

school.

3. Subordinating Conjunction

Subordinating conjunctions are parts of speech that join dependent clauses to

independent clauses.

CATEGORY SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTION

Time After, before, since, when, while, until, whenever

Place Where, whenever

Condition If, unless, until, incase, although, as long as, provided that,
unless

Manner As if, as though, how

 Purpose So that, in order that

Comparison As, as much as, that, whereas

Reason Because, since, so that, why

Examples:

1) I’m going out after the dinner.

2) I will find you whenever you go.

3) You can join the field trip provided that you pay for own fare.

4) They require me to finish everything tonight as if there is no tomorrow.

5) Mark must qualify to the top 15 percent so that he can avail of the
scholarship.

6) The leader is blaming his advisers because most of his decisions are
failure.

7) I cannot come with you tonight because I have prior commitment.

NAME OF THE TEAM: __________________________________ SCORE: _______________

Activity 1:

Connecting Words, Clauses and Phrases

In this game you are challenge to link nouns, clauses

and phrases. To do this, two students are tasked to write a noun,

clause or phrases beside each other on a board. The rest of the

students form two teams. Each team take turns writing a

conjunction to link the two nouns, clauses or phrases without

repeating the conjunction. Whichever team gets the most links

wins the game.

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NAME: ________________________________________ SCORE: ______________________

Activity 2:

Connect the words to make a sentence that makes sense. Drop all the unnecessary
words in the box. Always start at the top and work your way down. Write your sentence
on the blank provided.

In order How

to get and sleep,

he but reads a lot

who really boring

the book at

bedtime.

___________________________________________________________________________
_

I
Like hid the

comics the under

on the bed so

that why nobody

do could find

then

____________________________________________________________________________

NAME: ______________________________________ SCORE: ________________________

Activity 3:

Underline the conjunction use in the sentence. Write on the blank space the category of
subordinating conjunction used. The first one is done for you.

1. Take the toy out of the box before you throw the box away. Conjunction of Time

2. Before you leave the house, be sure that you’ve got your backpack.
________________

3. Wherever there are mountains, you will also find streams. ________________

4. I usually do my homework after I have my dinner.

________________

5. Does anybody know where Mr. Carter lives? ________________

6. After I went to bed, I heard a strange noise downstairs.

________________

7. Where the road is narrow, big trucks can’t get through.

________________

8. We’ve moved to a new house since I last wrote to you.

________________

9. The dog follows Andrew wherever he goes. ________________

10. Since the new teacher arrived, we all enjoy our work more.
________________

11. You can’t watch TV until you’ve done your homework.

________________

12. Until the rice is cooked, we can’t eat dinner. ________________

13. I’ll call you when I get home. ________________

14. When the wind blows, the branches on the tree bend.
________________

15. Dad watches TV while he does his exercise. ________________

16. While we’re waiting for the bus, let’s play a game. ________________

17. People stand back as the train goes through the station. ________________
18. As the president’s car goes past, everybody waves. ________________

19. We went inside as soon it started to rain. ________________

20. Take an umbrella in case it rains.

________________

21. As soon as you’ve finished your homework, let me see it. ________________
NAME: ______________________________________________ SCORE: ________________

Exercise 1:

Complete the following sentences by supplying the correct conjunction in the blank
space.

1. Mrs. Taylor is tall ________________ slim.

2. Learning geography is hard _________________ interesting.

3. I don’t like football _______________ soccer.

4. Do you pull the handle _______________ push it?

5. These tools are old ________________ still useful.

6. We visited lots of castles ______________ palaces in England.

7. The classes are quite difficult ____________ I’m doing well.

8. I didn’t know _____________ to turn left right.

9. I sat down ______________ I was feeling tired.

10. _______________ we arrived late, we missed the beginning of the play.

11. I took an apple ______________ it was past my bedtime.

12. ______________ you have finished your homework, you can help me make dinner.

13. Mom switched off the TV ______________ it was past my bedtime.

14. _______________ you’re my best friend, I’ll lend you my new bike.

15. _______________ you forget the number, I’ve written it on this piece of paper.

NAME: ____________________________________________ SCORE: __________________

Exercise 2: Complete each sentence with one of the sentence parts in the box. Underline
the conjunction in your sentence. The first one has been done for you.

in case the ground is muddy so you’re not tired in the

morning

as soon as you’ve done my homework before you start to paint

where I had spilled the juice since I last saw my cousin

so he could show it to his friends until it is soft enough to eat

because it had started to rain while their dad cooked dinner

1. The children went inside

___________________________________________________________________________

2. He took his new toy to school

____________________________________________________________________________

3. Put on your apron

____________________________________________________________________________
4. The children played in the garden

____________________________________________________________________________

5. Wear your boots

____________________________________________________________________________

6. You can watch a video

____________________________________________________________________________

7. There was a mark on the carpet

____________________________________________________________________________

8. Cook the pasta

____________________________________________________________________________

9. Go to bed early

____________________________________________________________________________

10. It’s been six month

____________________________________________________________________________

NAME: __________________________________________ SCORE: ____________________

Exercise 3: The figure below will guide you to write an informative paragraph about the
parts of a cruise ship. Compose a paragraph observing the correct use of conjunction.

Source: http://visual.merriam-webster.com/transport-machinery/maritime-transport
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