Question 1

A program which acts as an interface between the user and hardware is

called Operating System.
Question 2
A collection of 4 bits is called a Nibble.
Question 3
Binary number system has digits as 0 and 1.
Question 4
A collection of 8 bits is called a Byte.
Question 5
Mouse is a pointing device that controls movement of the pointer on the screen.
Question 6
ROM is a non-volatile memory that stores some pre-written instructions and
booting procedure.
Question 7
The data entered as input to the computer system is temporarily stored in RAM.
Question 8
The ALU in CPU is capable of performing arithmetic and logical operations.
Question 9
Control Unit controls the flow of data from input devices to memory and from
memory to output devices.
Question 10
A Hard Disk is a non-volatile high-capacity storage device ranging from 1 GB to
several terabytes.
Question 11
Cache memory speeds up access to data and instructions stored in RAM.
Question 12
Compiler comes under Language Processor.
Question 13
MS Office is a/an Application software.
Question 14
Operating System is an integrated set of specialized programs that is used to
manage the overall operations of a computer.
Question 15
Data processing is a means of transforming Raw data into information.
Question 16
Any data or instruction entered into the memory of a computer is considered as
an Input.
Question 17
Fifth Generation computers are based on Artificial Intelligence.
State True or False
Question 1
Control unit sends control signals to ALU and memory for carrying out the
required operations.
Answer
True
Reason — The Control unit controls flow of data from input devices to memory
and from memory to output devices. It sends control signals to ALU and memory
for carrying out the required operations.
Question 2
A light pen is a pointing device that can be used to select anything on the
computer screen by simply pointing at it or for drawing figures directly on the
screen.
Answer
True
Reason — A light pen is a pointing device, basically a stylus, that can be used to
select anything on the computer screen by simply pointing at it or for drawing
figures directly on the screen.
Question 3
RAM operates much faster than cache memory.
Answer
False
Reason — Cache memory is a small memory that operates much faster than the
primary memory or RAM.
Question 4
1 GB = 1024 KB.
Answer
False
Reason — 1 GB = 1024 MB and 1 MB = 1024 KB. Therefore, 1 GB = 1024 * 1024
KB.
Question 5
An operating system acts as an interface between the user and computer
hardware.
Answer
True
Reason — An operating system is a program that acts as an interface between
the user and hardware of the computer
Question 6
A computer has the capacity to perform calculations and other logical functions,
whereas a calculator only performs arithmetic and geometrical operations.
Answer
True
Reason — A computer can perform a wide range of tasks, including complex
calculations, logical functions, data processing, and running various applications.
In contrast, a calculator is primarily designed for arithmetic and simple
geometrical operations.
Question 7
Dot matrix printer uses laser technology to produce printed documents.
Answer
False
Reason — Laser printers use laser technology, while dot matrix printers use dots
and strike an ink-soaked ribbon against paper to print, producing sound, and are
called impact printers.
Question 8
The primary memory unit stores data and instructions permanently.
Answer
False
Reason — Primary memory stores data and programs temporarily as long as
they are being executed as primary memory has limited storage capacity.
Question 9
ROM is volatile in nature.
Answer
False
Reason — ROM is permanent and non-volatile in nature.
Question 10
External memory allows the permanent storage of large quantities of data.
Answer
True
Reason — External memory devices, such as hard drives, solid-state drives, and
flash drives, provide a permanent storage solution for large quantities of data.
Question 11
Registers are high-speed temporary storage areas found in the CPU.
Answer
True
Reason — Registers are small, high-speed temporary storage locations within
the CPU.
Question 12
Cache memory is also known as CPU memory.
Answer
True
Reason — Cache memory is also known as CPU memory. It is a high speed
memory available inside the CPU in order to speed up access to data and
instructions stored in RAM.
Question 13
Data on hard disk is stored on sectors.
Answer
True
Reason — Data on a hard disk is stored in sectors. A sector is a small, fixed-size
physical storage unit on the disk where data can be written and read.
Question 14
We can increase free space of disk by sending files to the Recycle Bin.
Answer
False
Reason — Sending files to the Recycle Bin does not increase the free space on
the disk immediately. The files are still taking up space on the disk; they are just
marked as deleted and moved to the Recycle Bin directory. To actually increase
free space on the disk, we need to empty the Recycle Bin, which permanently
deletes the files from the disk.
Multiple Choice Questions
Question 1
What is the full form of IPO?
1. Input Process Output
2. Input Print Output
3. Internet Print Output
4. Internet Process Output
Answer
Input Process Output
Reason — The full form of IPO is Input Process Output.
Question 2
Which is the fastest memory device?
1. RAM
2. Register
3. Blu-ray Disc
4. Hard Disk
Answer
Register
Reason — Registers are the fastest memory device because they are small
amounts of on-chip memory built directly into the CPU, providing immediate
access to the data they store.
Question 3
What is the full form of RAM?
1. Read Access Memory
2. Random Access Memory
3. Raw Access Memory
4. Right Access Memory
Answer
Random Access Memory
Reason — The full form of RAM is Random Access Memory.
Question 4
ROM is a
1. volatile memory
2. non-volatile memory
3. Both (i) and (ii)
 4. None of these
Answer
non-volatile memory
Reason — ROM is a permanent and non-volatile memory as it does not lose its
contents when the power is switched off or interrupted.
Question 5
What is an information?
1. Processed data
2. Collection of programs
3. Collection of instructions
4. None of these
Answer
Processed data
Reason — Information is defined as processed data, organized in a particular
manner to generate meaningful piece of data.
Question 6
Examples of utility software are:
1. Text editor
2. Backup
3. Disk defragmenter
4. All of these
Answer
All of these
Reason — Examples of utility software are text editor, disk defragmenter,
backup software, compression software, antivirus software.
Question 7
Which of the following are sub-units that make the CPU?
1. Control unit
2. ALU
3. Both (i) and (ii)
4. None of these
Answer
Both (i) and (ii)
Reason — CPU consists of Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU), Control Unit (CU) and
registers.
Question 8
Which smaller unit of the CPU directs and coordinates all activities within it and
determines the sequence in which instructions are executed, sending
instructions sequence to other smaller units?
1. CU
2. ALU
3. Processor
4. All of these
Answer
CU
Reason — Control unit coordinates all activities within it and determines the
sequence in which instructions are executed, sending instructions sequence to
other smaller units.
Question 9
Which of the following memory types will store data or information permanently?
1. RAM
2. Cache
3. Hard disk
4. All of these
Answer
Hard disk
Reason — Hard disk is a external storage device and hence it will store the data
or information permanently.
Question 10
Operating system is an example of
1. General purpose application software
2. Customized application software
3. System software
4. Language processor
Answer
System software
Reason — Operating System is an example of System software.
Question 11
Which of the following makes available its source code?
1. Freeware
2. Free Software
3. OSS
4. FLOSS
Answer
OSS
Reason — Open-Source Software (OSS) makes its source code available to
users, allowing them to view, modify, and distribute the code as per their
requirements.
Question 12
1 TB is equivalent to:
1. 210 bytes
2. 210 MB
3. 210 GB
4. 210 KB
Answer
210 GB
Reason — 1 TB is equivalent to 210 GB.
Question 13
Storage of 1 KB means the following number of bytes:
1. 1000
2. 964
3. 1024
4. 1064
Answer
1024
Reason — 1 KB = 1024 bytes.
Question 14
One Megabyte is equivalent to:
1. 210 bytes
2. 220 bytes
 3. 230 bytes
4. None of these
Answer
None of the above
Reason — 1 MB = 1024 KB = 1024 * 1024 bytes = 10,48,576 bytes.
Question 15
Which input device is used to provide audio data to a computer?
1. Speaker
2. Webcam
3. Microphone
4. All of these
Answer
Microphone
Reason — A microphone is an input device used to provide audio data to a
computer.
Question 16
When power is switched off and data which is not saved is lost forever, such type
of memory is classified as:
1. Volatile
2. Non-volatile
3. Impact
4. Non-impact
Answer
Volatile
Reason — Volatile memory is a type of computer memory that loses its contents
when the power is turned off.
Question 17
Which output device is used for producing highly accurate, very large drawings
and posters?
1. Laser Printer
2. Dot Matrix Printer
3. Inkjet Printer
4. Plotter
Answer
Plotter
Reason — Plotters are output devices that are used for producing high quality
images, engineering drawings, architectural blueprints etc. They support printing
of large-sized papers and large-scale graphics.
Question 18
Which optical media uses blue laser technology to read and write data on the
media surface?
1. DVD
2. CD
3. DVD-ROM
4. Blu-ray Disc
Answer
Blu-ray Disc
Reason — A Blu-ray Disc (BD) is a high-capacity optical disc medium developed
for recording, rewriting and playing back high-definition video. It uses blue laser
technology, which allows for storing large amounts of data at greater density.
Question 19
............... is capable of recognizing a pre-specified type of mark made with dark
pencil or ink.
1. OCR
2. OMR
3. MICR
4. Barcode Reader
Answer
OMR
Reason — Optical Mark Reader (OMR) is capable of recognizing a pre-specified
type of mark made with dark pencil or ink.
Question 20
............... reads a sequence of lines of different heights and widths that are
printed on various types of products.
1. OCR
2. OMR
3. MICR
4. Barcode Reader
Answer
Barcode Reader
Reason — A barcode is a collection or a sequence of lines of different heights
and widths that are printed on various types of products.
Question 21
............... uniquely identifies a person on the basis of physical or behavioural
traits such as fingerprints, DNA, etc.
1. Touch screen
2. Biometric sensor
3. Optical character reader
4. QR code
Answer
Biometric sensor
Reason — Biometric sensor uniquely identifies a person on the basis of physical
or behavioral traits such as eyes, fingerprints, DNA, etc.
Question 22
An antivirus software is an example of:
1. Application software
2. System software
3. Utility software
4. None of these
Answer
Utility software
Reason — An antivirus software is an example of utility software.
Question 23
Integrated Circuits (ICs) were introduced in which generation of computers?
1. First generation
2. Second generation
3. Third generation
4. Fourth generation
Answer
Third generation
Reason — Integrated Circuits (ICs) were introduced in third generation of
computers.
Question 24
Data capturing refers to:
1. Collecting data from different sources in printed form
2. Commenting on social media
3. Sharing and collaborating data online
4. Collecting data from different sources in digital form
Answer
Collecting data from different sources in digital form
Reason — Data capturing refers to the process of collecting and gathering data
from various sources in a digital format.
Question 25
ALU + CU = ............... .
1. MU
2. IPO
3. CPU
4. Operating System (OS)
Answer
CPU
Reason — ALU + CU = CPU. ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit) and CU (Control Unit)
are two essential components of a computer's Central Processing Unit (CPU).
Question 26
..............., also known as additive manufacturing, is a process of creating three-
dimensional physical objects from a computer model or digital file.
1. 3D printing
2. Laser printing
3. Scanning
4. Plotting
Answer
3D printing
Reason — 3D printing, also known as additive manufacturing, is a process of
creating three-dimensional physical objects from a computer model or digital file.
Assertions and Reasons
Question 1
Assertion (A): A computer is an electronic device which is versatile in nature
and can store, process and retrieve data.
Reasoning (R): Usually, computers can perform a variety of tasks which make
life more comfortable.
1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
2. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
3. A is true but R is false.
4. A is false but R is true.
Answer
Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation
A computer is an electronic device which is versatile in nature, capable of
storing, processing, and retrieving data. Computers can perform a variety of
tasks, making life more comfortable by enhancing efficiency, productivity, and
convenience in various aspects of daily activities.
Question 2
Assertion (A): Random Access Memory (RAM) is volatile and stores
data/programs currently in use.
Reasoning (R): RAM is a memory that retains its contents even after the system
is switched off.
1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
2. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
3. A is true but R is false.
4. A is false but R is true.
Answer
A is true but R is false.
Explanation
Random Access Memory (RAM) is used for primary storage in computers to hold
active information of data and instructions. RAM is a volatile memory as it does
not store data and instructions permanently and loses its contents when the
power is switched off or interrupted.
Question 3
Assertion (A): Data is stored inside RAM for future retrieval.
Reasoning (R): Secondary memory holds data inside the computer system
permanently.
1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
 2. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
3. A is true but R is false.
4. A is false but R is true.
Answer
A is false but R is true.
Explanation
Data is not stored inside RAM for future retrieval because RAM (Random Access
Memory) is a volatile memory as it does not store data and instructions
permanently and loses its contents when the power is switched off or
interrupted. Secondary memory, on the other hand, holds data permanently
within the computer system, as it includes non-volatile storage.
Question 4
Assertion (A): Compilers, Interpreters and Assemblers are categorized as
Language translators.
Reasoning (R): A Language translator is a special system software that is used
to translate the program written in high-level language (or Assembly language)
into machine code.
1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
2. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
3. A is true but R is false.
4. A is false but R is true.
Answer
Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation
A language translator is special system software used to translate programs
written in high-level languages into machine code. Language processors or
translators can be any of the following three types: compilers, interpreters, and
assemblers.
Question 5
Assertion (A): An Operating System (OS) acts as an interface between a user
and a computer system.
Reasoning (R): An Operating System provides a user-friendly interface that
allows users to interact with the computer system and access various hardware
devices, enabling them to communicate with each other.
1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
2. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
3. A is true but R is false.
 4. A is false but R is true.
Answer
Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation
An Operating System (OS) is a program that acts as an interface between a user
and the hardware of a computer system. It provides a user-friendly interface,
allowing users to interact with the computer system and access various
hardware devices, enabling communication between them.
Question 6
Assertion (A): Utility software performs tasks to allow smooth functioning of a
computer system.
Reasoning (R): Without utility software, it is not possible for a computer system
to work.
1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
2. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
3. A is true but R is false.
4. A is false but R is true.
Answer
A is true but R is false.
Explanation
Utility software performs tasks that contribute to the smooth functioning of a
computer system, such as disk cleanup, antivirus protection, and file
management. While a computer system can still work without utility software,
this software helps manage, maintain, and control computer resources.
Question 7
Assertion (A): Cache memory is an extremely fast memory that is placed
between the CPU and RAM.
Reasoning (R): Cache memory temporarily stores frequently used instructions
and data for quicker processing by the Central Processing Unit (CPU) of a
computer.
1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
2. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
3. A is true but R is false.
4. A is false but R is true.
Answer
Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation
Cache memory is a small, high-speed memory located between the CPU and
RAM. It operates much faster than primary memory (RAM) and temporarily stores
frequently used instructions and data for quicker processing by the Central
Processing Unit (CPU) of a computer.
Solutions to Unsolved Questions
Question 1
Define a computer.
Answer
A computer is an electronic device that accepts a set of instructions in the form
of a program, executes it and displays the output to the user.
Question 2
How does an ALU work?
Answer
The Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) makes all calculations and comparisons. The ALU
performs the arithmetic (+, -, *, /) and logical (AND, OR, NOT, XOR) operations
sent from the memory and returns the result to the memory. The result of the
logical operations is either true or false and helps the computer in decision-
making.
Question 3
Briefly explain the working of a control unit.
Answer
The control unit controls the flow of data from input devices to memory and from
memory to output devices. It controls and guides the interpretation, flow and
manipulation of all data and information. It does not actually process the data,
instead, it sends control signals to ALU and memory for carrying out the required
operations.
Question 4
What is software?
Answer
Software is the collection of computer programs, procedures and documentation
that performs different tasks in a computer system.
Question 5
List some of the hardware in computer equipment.
Answer
Some hardware components found in computer equipment are:
1. CPU (Central Processing Unit)
 2. Motherboard
3. RAM (Random Access Memory)
4. Keyboard
5. Mouse
6. Printer
7. Monitor
Question 6
Name the input or output device used to do the following:
(a) To output audio
(b) To enter textual data
(c) To make hard copy of a text file
(d) To display the data or information
(e) To enter audio-based command
(f) To build 3D models
(g) To assist a visually impaired individual in entering data
Answer
(a) To output audio — Speakers (output device)
(b) To enter textual data — Keyboard (input device)
(c) To make hard copy of a text file — Printer (output device)
(d) To display the data or information — Monitor (output device)
(e) To enter audio-based command — Microphone (input device)
(f) To build 3D models — 3D Mouse or Graphics Tablet (input device)
(g) To assist a visually impaired individual in entering data — Braille Keyboard
(input device)
Question 7
"Hardware is of no use without software and software cannot be used without
hardware." Explain.
Answer
Hardware refers to the physical components of a computer system, such as the
CPU, memory, and storage devices, which provide the infrastructure for
computing operations. However, without software — the programs and
applications that instruct hardware how to function — these components cannot
perform meaningful tasks. Conversely, software requires hardware to execute its
instructions. Software encompasses operating systems, applications, and utilities
that enable users to interact with computers and perform specific tasks. These
programs rely on hardware to provide processing power, storage, and
input/output capabilities necessary for running software effectively. Together,
hardware and software make the computer system function.
Question 8
How can software be classified? Name at least one software in each of the
categories.
Answer
Depending on the mode of interaction with hardware and functions to be
performed, software can be broadly classified into three categories:
1. System Software — System software refers to the programs that control
internal computer operations and make best use of the hardware. For
example, operating system, language translators etc.
2. Application Software — Application Software is the set of programs
necessary to carry out operations for a specified application. For example,
word processing software, spreadsheet software etc.
3. Utility Software — Utility software helps to manage, maintain and
control computer resources. For example, text editor, antivirus software
etc.
Question 9
What is an operating system? Write names of any two popular operating
systems.
Answer
An operating system is an integrated set of programs that manages various
resources and the overall operations of a computer system. It is designed to
support the various activities of the computer system in a systematic way.
For example, Microsoft Windows, Linux, etc.
Question 10
Specify the measuring units of memory.
Answer
The measuring units of memory are bit (elementary unit), byte, Kilobyte,
Megabyte, Gigabyte, Terabyte, Petabyte, Exabyte, Zettabyte, Yottabyte,
Brontobyte, Geopbyte.
Question 11
What are output devices? Give some examples.
Answer
Output devices are the devices that produce the output generated by the CPU in
human understandable form, such as audio, video, text or hard copy, viz. printed
documents.
For example: Visual Display Unit (VDU)/Monitor, LCD Screen, LED Screen, OLED,
Printer, Speakers, Plotters etc.
Question 12
List different types of impact printers.
Answer
The different types of impact printers are as follows:
1. Dot Matrix Printers
2. Daisy Wheel Printers
3. Line Printers
4. Band Printers
5. Drum Printers
Question 13
Briefly explain the working of a laser printer.
Answer
Laser printers use laser technology to produce printed documents. They use a
dry form of ink called toner which is made up of tiny particles. They are very fast
and are used for high-quality prints.
Question 14
Explain in brief the working of a touch screen.
Answer
Touch screen is a type of display screen which allows interaction with computer
through a touch-sensitive transparent panel covering the entire screen without
any intermediate device. The touch screen uses a technology that enables the
users to touch the screen with fingers to select objects.
Question 15
What are plotters? List the different types of plotters.
Answer
Plotters are output devices that are used for producing high quality images,
engineering drawings, architectural blueprints etc.
The different types of plotters are as follows:
1. Pen Plotters
2. Flatbed Plotters
3. Drum Plotters
Question 16
What are secondary storage devices? Give examples.
Answer
Secondary storage devices are used to store a large amount of data permanently
which is not possible by using the primary or main memory.
For examples, Hard disk, Blu-ray disc, Compact disc, Magnetic tapes, DVD, USB
pen drive, memory cards etc.
Question 17
What is the major difference between optical and magnetic discs?
Answer
Optical Discs use laser technology to read and write data. The data is encoded
on the disc surface as tiny pits and lands, which are read by a laser beam.
Magnetic Discs use magnetic fields to store data. The data is recorded on a
magnetic surface, such as that found in hard disk drives, in the form of magnetic
patterns.
Question 18
List the differences between a CD and a DVD.
Answer

CD DVD

CD stands for Compact Disc. DVD stands for Digital Versatile Disc.

The storage capacity varies from 650 MB

A DVD can hold 4.7 GB to 17 GB of data.
to 900 MB.

CDs are made of a polycarbonate disc DVDs are made of a polycarbonate disc
with a reflective aluminum layer on one with a reflective aluminum layer on both
side. sides.

DVDs are more durable than CDs as they

CDs are more likely to be scratched or
have a protective layer on both sides of the
damaged, which can cause data loss.
disc.

Question 19
Explain the statement, "Functioning of a computer is similar to the way the
human brain functions."
Answer
The statement "Functioning of a computer is similar to the way the human brain
functions" compares how both systems process information. Computers use
input devices like keyboards and mice to receive data, and output devices like
monitors and printers to present results. Similarly, the human brain receives
input through sensory organs such as the eyes, ears, and skin, and produces
responses through actions and speech. Both systems use internal processes—
computers use the CPU and memory for data handling, while the brain processes
sensory information and stores memories.
Question 20
Explain in brief the basic architecture of a computer.
Answer
A computer system comprises of five basic components:
1. Input Unit — An input unit takes the input and converts it into binary form
so that it can be understood by the computer. For example, keyboard,
mouse etc.
2. Output Unit — It converts the output in binary form to human readable
form. For example, monitor, speakers etc.
3. Central Processing Unit (CPU) — It is responsible for processing the data
and instructions. It consists of two parts:
i. Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU) — It performs all the four arithmetic
operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication and division) and
some logical operations (less than, greater than, less than equal to,
greater than equal to, equal to, not equal to).
ii. Control Unit (CU) — It acts as a supervisor by controlling and
guiding the operation taking place.
4. Primary Memory — It is the internal volatile memory where data and
instructions are stored during processing. It is of two types: Random
Access Memory (RAM) and Read Only Memory (ROM).
5. Secondary Storage Unit — It refers to the external storage devices which
provide permanent memory to the computer system. For example, hard
disk, compact disk, flash drive etc.
Question 21
What is an input unit? Give its significance.
Answer
An input unit takes the input and converts it into binary form which is directly
understood by the computer.
Computers only understand binary language that uses just two symbols: 1 for ON
and 0 for OFF. The input unit translates raw data from external sources into
binary language that the computer understands. Without this conversion, the
computer would not be able to understand or process the data provided.
Question 22
List and briefly explain all the components of a CPU.
Answer
There are mainly three components of a CPU:
1. Arithmetic and Logical Unit (ALU) — All calculations and comparisons
are made in this unit. The ALU performs the arithmetic (+, -, *, /) and
logical (AND, OR, NOT, XOR) operations sent from the memory, performs
specific operations (addition, subtraction etc) and the result is returned to
the memory. The result of the logical operations is either true or false and
helps the computer in decision-making.
2. Control Unit (CU) — The CU controls the flow of data from input devices
to memory and from memory to output devices. It controls and guides the
interpretation, flow and manipulation of all data and information. It does
not actually process the data, instead, it sends control signals to ALU and
memory for carrying out the required operations.
3. Registers — These are high-speed temporary storage areas found in CPU.
Registers work as per the instructions given by the control unit (CU),
storing instructions and data immediately required for performing an
operation. The CPU places the highest priority jobs/data inside registers for
faster execution/processing. Registers can be of different sizes (16 bits, 32
bits, 64 bits and so on) and each register inside the CPU has a specific
function like storing data, storing an instruction, storing address of a
location in memory etc.
Question 23
Why is a control unit referred to as the central controller of a computer?
Answer
A control unit is referred to as the central controller of a computer because it
controls the flow of data from input devices to memory and from memory to
output devices. It controls and guides the interpretation, flow, and manipulation
of all data and information, sending control signals to the Arithmetic Logic Unit
(ALU) and memory to execute the required operations effectively.
Question 24
Does an ALU work independently or in coordination with some other unit? Give
reasons.
Answer
Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) does not work independently; it operates in
coordination with the control unit and memory. The control unit fetches
instructions from memory and decodes them, directing the ALU to perform
specific operations such as addition, subtraction, or logical comparisons. The
results produced by the ALU are then stored back in memory or used by other
components of the computer system.
Question 25
Compare data and information.
Answer
 Data Information

Information is processed, organized, and

Data refers to raw facts, figures, or
meaningful data that has been analyzed,
values that are collected and stored
interpreted, and structured to provide context,
without any specific context or
relevance, and value. It is derived from data
interpretation. It is unprocessed and
through analysis and is used to make decisions
lacks meaning on its own.
or gain insights.

Data is unstructured, discrete. Information is structured, organized.

Question 26
Give the difference between an impact printer and a non-impact printer.
Answer

Impact Printers Non-Impact Printers

It forms characters by striking a print It forms characters without making

hammer against an inked ribbon. direct contact with the paper.

It uses either ribbon or carbon paper. It uses ink cartridges.

It makes noise while printing. It prints smoothly on the paper.

Question 27
Discuss the following devices:
(a) Light Pen
(b) CD-ROM
(c) DVD
Answer
(a) Light Pen — A light pen is a pointing device, basically a stylus, that can be
used to select anything on the computer screen by simply pointing at it or for
drawing figures directly on the screen. It consists of a photocell mounted on a
pen-shaped tube and is capable of sensing a position on the screen when its tip
touches the screen. Clicking is performed by pressing the pen on the screen. A
light pen is mostly used by engineers, architects or designers.
(b) CD-ROM — Compact Disc is a thin optical disc which is commonly used to
store audio and video data. The capacity of a standard 120 mm CD is 700 MB.
Originally, CD-ROM drives had transfer rates of only 150 KB/sec which was
considered very slow. The newest CD-ROM drives can transfer up to 72x, i.e.,
10800 KB/sec.
(c) DVD — Digital Versatile Disc or Digital Video Disc is an optical disc storage
device. It can be recorded on single side or on both sides. Its capacity may range
from 4.7 GB to 17.08 GB.
Question 28
Describe the terms hardware and software along with their components.
Answer
Hardware are physical tangible (which can be touched) components of a
computer like motherboard, memory devices, monitor, keyboard, etc. while
software are a set of programs or instructions, intangible components of a
computer like operating system, application software, utility software, etc.
Question 29
Write a short note on Freeware software.
Answer
The term freeware is generally used for software, which is available free of cost
and which allows copying and further distribution, but not modification and
whose source code is not available. The right to use the software is limited to
certain types of users for instance, for private and non-commercial purposes.
For example, TeamViewer, VLC Media Player etc.
Question 30
Discuss the various categories of a printer.
Answer
The various categories of printer are as follows:
1. Impact Printers — In impact printers there is a mechanical contact
between printer head and paper.
i. Dot Matrix Printer — A dot matrix printer also known as Serial
printer, prints one character at a time. It uses dots to create an
image. This printer prints characters by striking an ink-soaked
ribbon against the paper which produces sound and is termed as
impact printer. It has low operating cost and can be used to
generate carbon copies also. This printer prints one line of text at a
time and can only print low-resolution graphics.
2. Non-impact Printers — In non-impact printers there is no mechanical
contact between printer head and paper.
i. Inkjet/Deskjet/Bubble Jet Printers — An inkjet printer is the
most common type of low-cost printer. It uses the technique of
spreading quick-dry ink on paper. The ink is stored in the form of
cartridges of different colors (red, green, black etc). These printers
generate high-quality prints and are ideal for small offices and
homes.
 ii. Laser Printers — These printers use laser technology to produce
printed documents. They use dry form of ink called toner which is
made up of tiny particles. They are very fast and are used for high-
quality prints.
3. 3D Printers — They are used to build 3D models. 3D printing, also known
as additive manufacturing, is a method of creating a three-dimensional
object layer by layer using a computer-aided design.
Question 31
What is the need of RAM? How does it differ from ROM?
Answer
RAM (Random Access Memory) is used for primary storage in computes to hold
active information of data and instructions.
Difference Between RAM and ROM:

RAM ROM

It stands for Random Access Memory. It stands for Read Only Memory.

It is a non-volatile or permanent
It is a volatile or temporary memory.
memory.

Data gets erased when the power is switched off. Data is stored permanently.

It is faster than ROM. It is slower than RAM.

It is used in the normal operations of a computer

A ROM chip is used primarily in the
after starting up and loading the operating
start-up process of a computer.
system.

Question 32
Differentiate between proprietary software and freeware software. Name two
software of each type.
Answer

Proprietary software Freeware software

Proprietary software is owned and Freeware Software is free to use, but

controlled by a single entity (company or ownership remains with the developer,
individual), and its source code is not and its source code may not be publicly
publicly available. available.

Its use is regulated and further distribution This allows copying and further
and modification is either forbidden or distribution, but not modification.
 Proprietary software Freeware software

requires special permission by the supplier

or vendor.

Examples: TeamViewer, VLC Media Player

Examples: Microsoft Windows, Tally etc.
etc.

Question 33
What are memory cards? Discuss their types.
Answer
Memory cards are small, portable storage devices used to store data, such as
photos, videos, music, and other files, in electronic devices like cameras,
smartphones, tablets, and laptops and are also called flash cards.
The types of memory cards are as follows:
1. Secure Digital (SD) cards — SD cards are widely used in cameras,
smartphones, and other devices. They come in various capacities, from a
few hundred megabytes to several gigabytes.
2. MicroSD cards — A smaller version of SD cards, microSD cards are used in
devices like smartphones, tablets, and action cameras.
3. CompactFlash (CF) cards — CF cards are larger and faster than SD cards,
making them suitable for professional photographers and high-end
cameras.
Question 34
Convert the following into bytes:
(a) 2 MB
(b) 3.7 GB
(c) 1.2 TB
Answer
(a) 2 MB — 2 MB * 1024 KB/MB * 1024 bytes/KB = 2 * 1024 * 1024 =
2,097,152 bytes
(b) 3.7 GB — 3.7 GB * 1024 MB/GB * 1024 KB/MB * 1024 bytes/KB = 3.7 * 1024 *
1024 * 1024 = 3,973,078,528 bytes
(c) 1.2 TB — 1.2 TB * 1024 GB/TB * 1024 MB/GB * 1024 KB/MB * 1024 bytes/KB =
1.2 * 1024 * 1024 * 1024 * 1024 = 1,319,843,208,192 bytes
Question 35
What are the security threats involved when we throw away electronic gadgets
that are non-functional?
Answer
Discarding non-functional electronic gadgets without properly deleting the stored
data permanently by proper tools can lead to significant security risks, including
potential data breaches where personal and sensitive information can be
recovered and exploited, resulting in identity theft and data leaks.
Question 36
Write down the type of memory needed to do the following:
1. To store data permanently,
2. To execute a program,
3. To store instructions which cannot be overwritten.
Answer
1. To store data permanently — Secondary memory (e.g., Hard Disk Drive
(HDD), Solid State Drive (SSD), Flash Memory)
2. To execute a program — Random Access Memory (RAM)
3. To store instructions which cannot be overwritten — Read-Only Memory
(ROM)

Python
Fill in the Blanks
Question 1
Programs are the set of instructions given to a computer to perform a particular
task.
Question 2
Python was developed by Guido Van Rossum.
Question 3
Python is called a/an interpreted language.
Question 4
Python is a/an case-sensitive language in terms of its syntax.
Question 5
In Python, a syntax error is detected by the interpreter at runtime.
Question 6
Python is a/an platform independent language.
Question 7
To start Python from the command prompt, use the python command.
Question 8
Python programs are saved using the .py or .pyw extension.
Question 9
Python programming can be done in interactive and script modes.
Question 10
Interactive mode does not save the commands entered by you in the form of a
program.
Question 11
The shortcut key to run Python script is F5.
State True or False
Question 1
Python is a dynamically typed language.
Answer
True
Reason — Python is a dynamically typed language because variables do not
need to be declared with a specific type. Instead, the type of a variable is
determined at runtime based on the value assigned to it.
Question 2
Alt+R is used to repeat the last typed command in Python shell.
Answer
False
Reason — For repeating or recalling the last command in the Python shell, the
correct key is the up arrow key (↑).
Question 3
Print and print are same in Python.
Answer
False
Reason — In Python, print and Print are not the same because Python is a case-
sensitive language.
Question 4
The sep argument is used with print() method.
Answer
True
Reason — The sep argument in the print() function is used to specify a string
that separates the objects being printed. The default separator is a space.
Question 5
Python is a compiled high-level language.
Answer
False
Reason — Python is an interpreted high-level language.
Question 6
Python is a cross-platform language.
Answer
True
Reason — Python is a cross-platform language because it can run on various
operating systems, such as Windows, macOS, Linux, etc.
Question 7
Python is an interpreted language, not a compiled language.
Answer
True
Reason — Python is an interpreted language, not a compiled language. This
means that Python code is executed line by line at runtime by an interpreter,
without the need for a separate compilation step to machine code.
Question 8
Python is a free, open-source and portable language.
Answer
True
Reason — Python is free and open-source, meaning anyone can freely use,
distribute, and modify it. It is also highly portable, running on various platforms
such as Windows, macOS, Linux, and others.
Question 9
Python Editor refers to Script mode in Python.
Answer
True
Reason — Python Editor refers to a mode in IDLE where we can write and run
Python scripts, also known as Script mode.
Question 10
Ctrl+Q shortcut key combination is used to exit Python.
Answer
True
Reason — Ctrl+Q shortcut key combination is used to exit Python.
Multiple Choice Questions
Question 1
Python was developed by ............... .
1. Charles Babbage
2. Guido van Rossum
3. Tim Berners Lee
4. Robert E. Kahn
Answer
Guido van Rossum
Reason — Python was developed by Guido van Rossum.
Question 2
Which of the following is syntactically correct text?
1. "This is great!"
2. 'she shouted 'HELLO' loudly'
3. "Goodbye'
4. "This "course" is good"
Answer
"This is great!"
Reason — The "This is great!" text uses double quotes (") to properly enclose
the entire string. In Python, strings enclosed in either single quotes (') or double
quotes (") are valid, but the entire string must be enclosed in the same type of
quote. The other options have mismatched quotes, which cause syntax errors in
Python.
Question 3
Python language is ............... .
1. Free
2. Open Source
3. Free and Open Source
 4. Proprietary
Answer
Free and Open Source
Reason — Python is a free and open-source language.
Question 4
Identify the correct print() statement:
1. print(Hello)
2. print("Hello")
3. print('Hello")
4. print("Hello')
Answer
print("Hello")
Reason — In Python, when using the print() function, strings must be enclosed
in matching pairs of either single (') or double quotes ("). Therefore, the correct
statement is print("Hello").
Question 5
Which of the following is the shortcut key combination for exiting Python shell?
1. F5
2. Alt+F1
3. Ctrl+E
4. Ctrl+Q
Answer
Ctrl+Q
Reason — The shortcut key combination for exiting Python shell is Ctrl+Q.
Question 6
The extension for a Python file is given as:
1. .pt
2. .pwy
3. .py or .pyw
4. .yppy
Answer
.py or .pyw
Reason — The extension for a Python file is .py or .pyw.
Question 7
Python is a/an ............... language.
1. Compiled
2. Interpreted
3. Compiled & Interpreted
4. None of these
Answer
Interpreted
Reason — Python is an interpreted language. This means that Python code is
executed line by line at runtime by an interpreter, without the need for a
separate compilation step to machine code.
Question 8
The interactive interpreter of Python is termed as ............... .
1. Python shell
2. Python Script mode
3. Python Editor mode
4. Python command line
Answer
Python shell
Reason — The interactive interpreter of Python is termed as Python shell.
Question 9
The three greater than signs (>>>) are called the Python ............... .
1. Cursor
2. Command prompt
3. Pointer
4. Blinking cursor
Answer
Command prompt
Reason — The three greater than signs (>>>) are called the Python command
prompt or interactive prompt.
Question 10
Single-line comments in Python begin with ............... symbol.
1. %
 2. "
3. '''
4. #
Answer
#
Reason — The # symbol in Python indicates the start of a single-line comment,
which extends from the # to the end of the line.
Question 11
Which of the following codes is correct?
1.
print("Programming is fun")
print("Python")
print("Computer Science")
2.
print ("Programming is fun)
print("Python")
print("Computer Science)
3.
Print("Programming is fun")
print("Python")
print("Computer Science")
4.
Print("Programming is fun")
Print("Python")
Print("Computer Science")
Answer
print("Programming is fun")
print("Python")
print("Computer Science")
Reason — In Python, the print() function is written in lowercase (print) and
strings must be enclosed in matching pairs of either single (') or double quotes
("). Therefore, the correct code would be :
print("Programming is fun")
print("Python")
print("Computer Science")
Question 12
Python is a case-sensitive language. This means ............... .
1. Capital and small letters are same for Python
2. Python doesn't care about the case of alphabets
3. Python treats capital and small letters as different
4. Python automatically capitalizes the small letters
Answer
Python treats capital and small letters as different
Reason — Python is a case-sensitive language. This means that Python
differentiates between capital and small alphabets.
Question 13
............... mode of Python gives instant result of typed statement.
1. Interactive mode
2. Script mode
3. Both Interactive and Script mode
4. None of these
Answer
Interactive mode
Reason — Interactive mode of Python gives instant result of typed statement.
Assertions and Reasons
Question 1
Assertion (A): Python is an object-oriented programming language.
Reasoning (R): Using Python, any software can be designed. Everything in
Python is an object.
1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
2. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
3. A is true but R is false.
4. A is false but R is true.
Answer
Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation
Python is an object-oriented programming language, which means it supports
the concepts of classes and objects. In Python, everything is treated as an object,
including integers, strings, functions, and even modules and packages. Using
Python, any software can be designed.
Question 2
Assertion (A): Python uses an interpreter to convert source code to object
code.
Reasoning (R): Python interpreter is a special virtual engine that converts
machine code to source code.
1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
2. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
3. A is true but R is false.
4. A is false but R is true.
Answer
A is true but R is false.
Explanation
Python uses an interpreter to convert source code to object code. The Python
interpreter is a special virtual engine that converts source code (written in
Python) to machine code that can be executed by the computer.
Question 3
Assertion (A): To print the value of a variable, Python uses print() method.
Reasoning (R): print() method displays the content on the system screen or
console.
1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
2. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
3. A is true but R is false.
4. A is false but R is true.
Answer
Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation
The print() function is a built-in function in Python that displays the content on
the system screen or console. To print the value of a variable, Python uses
the print() function.
Question 4
Assertion (A): Python is a cross-platform language.
Reasoning (R): Python code can run on a variety of platforms such as windows,
Macintosh and Apple.
1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
2. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
3. A is true but R is false.
4. A is false but R is true.
Answer
Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation
Python is a cross-platform language because it can run on various operating
systems, such as Windows, Macintosh, Apple, Linux etc.
Question 5
Assertion (A): Python is a dynamically typed language.
Reasoning (R): Python interpreter assigns variables a data type at runtime
based on the variable's value at that time.
1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
2. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
3. A is true but R is false.
4. A is false but R is true.
Answer
Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation
Python is a dynamically typed language because variables do not need to be
declared with a specific type. Instead, the type of a variable is determined at
runtime based on the value assigned to it.
Question 6
Assertion (A): Python is the fastest language.
Reasoning (R): Python is an interpreted language.
1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
2. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
3. A is true but R is false.
4. A is false but R is true.
Answer
A is false but R is true.
Explanation
Python is not considered the fastest programming language as it is slower than
many compiled languages such as C or C++ because it is interpreted rather than
compiled. Python is an interpreted language, which means that Python code is
executed line by line at runtime by an interpreter, without the need for a
separate compilation step to machine code.
Question 7
Assertion (A): Python IDLE or Interpreter provides two modes to work with,
create and run the scripts or code.
Reasoning (R): Interactive mode comprises Python prompt '>>>' where you
can simply start typing the command and display output, and script window,
where you can write Python program in a file and execute it to display output.
1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
2. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
3. A is true but R is false.
4. A is false but R is true.
Answer
Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation
Python's Integrated Development and Learning Environment (IDLE) or interpreter
provides two modes to work with: interactive mode and script mode. Interactive
mode comprises the Python prompt '>>>' where we can start typing commands
and see the output immediately. In script mode, we can write a Python program
in a file and execute it to display the output.
Question 8
Assertion (A): Python is a general-purpose language, meaning it can be used to
create a variety of different programs.
Reasoning (R): Python is used to build websites and software, automate tasks
and conduct data analysis.
1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
2. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
3. A is true but R is false.
4. A is false but R is true.
Answer
Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation
Python is a general-purpose language, meaning it is versatile and can be used to
create a variety of programs. Python is an object-oriented language used to build
websites and software, automate tasks, and conduct data analysis.
Solutions to Unsolved Questions
Question 1
When was Python introduced?
Answer
Python was developed in February 1991.
Question 2
Who developed Python and which two languages contributed to Python as a
programming language?
Answer
Guido Van Rossum is the developer of Python. ABC language and Modula-3
contributed to Python as a programming language.
Question 3
Python is free and open-source. What do you understand by this feature?
Answer
Python is free and open-source means that it is available to anyone at no cost,
and its source code can be freely accessed, modified, and distributed by anyone.
Question 4
Is Python case-sensitive?
Answer
Yes, Python is a case-sensitive language. This means that Python differentiates
between uppercase (capital) and lowercase (small) letters.
Question 5
What is IDLE?
Answer
IDLE is a simple Integrated Development and Learning Environment that comes
with Python. The most important feature of IDLE is that it is a program that
allows the user to edit, run, browse and debug a Python program from a single
interface.
Question 6
Differentiate between displaying and printing method in Python.
Answer
Printing in Python refers to using the print() function to output information to the
console. The print() function takes one or more arguments, converts each
argument to a string (if necessary), and displays them as text. On the other
hand, displaying can be a more general term that encompasses presenting
information or output in various forms, not limited to just text output in the
console.
Question 7
Briefly explain the salient features of Python.
Answer
The salient features of Python are as follows:
1. Python is an interpreted, interactive, directly executed language with a
pre-compiled code. This means that it is processed at runtime by the
interpreter and we need not compile our program before executing it.
2. It is a loosely type object-oriented programming language with a few
keywords, simple English-like structure and is easy to learn.
3. It is a free, open-source and portable language having a large repository of
libraries.
4. It takes less time to develop as Python programs are typically 3 to 5 times
shorter than the equivalent programming languages. This is because of its
built-in, high-level data types and its dynamic typing.
5. It is extensible/extendable and highly efficient as there is no wastage of
time in declaring the types of variables or arguments.
6. It supports GUI (Graphical User Interface) and garbage collection (better
memory management).
7. It is easily compatible with other languages like C, C++, Core Java etc.
8. Python is used for both scientific and non-scientific programming.
Question 8
What do you understand by cross-platform software with respect to Python?
Answer
Python is platform-independent and a cross-platform language because it can
run on various operating systems, such as Windows, macOS, Linux etc.
Question 9
What are the advantages of Python programming language?
Answer
Advantages of Python programming language are:
1. Easy to Use — Python is compact, programmer-friendly and very easy to
use object oriented language with very simple syntax rules.
2. Expressive Language — Python is an expressive language, it takes
fewer lines of codes to represent the same syntax.
 3. Interpreted Language — Python is an interpreted language, not a
compiled language. It makes Python an easy-to-debug language and thus
suitable for beginners to advanced users.
4. Completeness — Python has a rich standard library that provides
modules for most types of required functionality like emails, web-pages,
databases, GUI development, network connections, etc.
5. Cross-platform Language — Python can run equally well on variety of
platforms — Windows, Linux/UNIX, Macintosh, supercomputers, smart
phones, etc.
6. Free and Open Source — Python language is freely available along with
its source-code.
7. Variety of Usage/Applications — Python has evolved into a powerful,
complete and useful language over these years. These days Python is
being used in many diverse fields/applications, some of which are
Scripting, Web Applications, Game development, Database Applications,
System Administrations, Rapid Prototyping, GUI Programs.
Question 10
In how many different ways can you work in Python?
Answer
We can work in Python in two ways:
1. Interactive mode (also called Immediate mode)
2. Script mode
Question 11
What are the advantages/disadvantages of working in Interactive mode in
Python?
Answer
Interactive mode is useful for testing code. We can type the commands one by
one and get the result of error immediately for each command. Disadvantages of
Interactive mode are that it does not save commands in form of a program and
also output is sandwiched between commands.
Question 12
Write some limitations of Python.
Answer
Some limitations of Python programming language are:
1. Not the Fastest Language — As Python is an interpreted language so its
execution-times are not that fast compared to some compiled languages.
2. Lesser Libraries than C, Java, Perl — Library collection of C, Java, Perl is
better than Python.
 3. Not strong on Type-Binding — Python interpreter is not very strong on
catching 'Type-Mismatch' issues.
4. Not easily convertible — Translating Python programs to other languages
is difficult due to its lack of syntax.
Question 13
What is the difference between Script mode and Interactive mode in Python?
Answer
In script mode, we write a Python program in a file and execute it to display the
output and in interactive mode, we use the Python prompt '>>>' to start typing
commands and see immediate output.
Question 14
Write instructions to the Interactive mode for the following:
(a) To display sum of 3, 8.0, 6 * 12
(b) To print sum of 16, 5.0, 44.0
Answer
(a)
>>> 3 + 8.0 + 6 * 12
(b)
>>> print(16 + 5.0 + 44.0)
Question 15
Write the output of the following:
num1 = 4
num2 = num1 + 1
num1 = 2
print(num1, num2)
Answer
Output
25
Explanation
In the above code, num1 is initially assigned the value 4. Then, num2 is set
to num1 + 1, resulting in num2 being 5. Subsequently, num1 is reassigned the
value 2, changing its original value from 4 to 2. When print(num1, num2) is
executed, it displays the current values of num1 and num2, which are 2 and 5,
respectively.
Question 16
Consider the statements given below and write Python command to display
these statements in both Interactive and Script mode.
Python is easy to learn and write.
It allows us to work in two modes: Interactive mode and Script mode.
Interactive mode is also known as Python Shell and Script mode is also known as
Python Editor.
It is a platform-independent language.
We find it interesting to work with Python.
Answer
Interactive Mode:
>>> print("Python is easy to learn and write.")
>>> print("It allows us to work in two modes: Interactive mode and Script
mode.")
>>> print("Interactive mode is also known as Python Shell and Script mode is
also known as Python Editor.")
>>> print("It is a platform-independent language.")
>>> print("We find it interesting to work with Python.")
Script Mode:
print("Python is easy to learn and write.")
print("It allows us to work in two modes: Interactive mode and Script mode.")
print("Interactive mode is also known as Python Shell and Script mode is also
known as Python Editor.")
print("It is a platform-independent language.")
print("We find it interesting to work with Python.")
Question 17
Write a code that prints your full name and your birthday as separate strings.
Answer
full_name = "Jeevika Sharma"
birthday = "January 17, 2000"

print("Full Name:", full_name)

print("Birthday:", birthday)
Output
Full Name: Jeevika Sharma
Birthday: January 17, 2000
Question 18
Record what happens when the following statements are executed:
(a) print (n = 17)
(b) print (8+9)
(c) print (4.2, "hello", 6-2, "world", 15/2.0)
Answer
(a) It raises TypeError as 'n' is an invalid keyword argument for print() function.
(b) 17
(c) 4.2 hello 4 world 7.5
Question 19
Use IDLE to calculate:
(a) 6+4*10
(b) (6+4) *10
Answer
(a) 46
(b) 100
Question 20
Try the following code on the Python shell and evaluate the output generated:
>>> print (3.14159*7)
>>> print('I am a class XI' + 'student')
>>> print('I', 'am')
>>> print ("class XI student")
>>> print ("I'm", 16, "years old")
Answer