PRACTICE

Exercise 1. Complete the sentences, using the correct form of the words in brackets.
1. Walking alone late at night can be (danger) ...................................
2. The latest (edit) ...............................of this book contains many illustrative pictures.
3. Her younger sister can be (annoy) ...........................when she behaves haughtily.
4. You must read the (instruct) .......................carefully before you use the new oven.
5. We were taken aback at the (drama) ..........................changes in our village; each home owns a
computer now.
6. It is always (interest) ............................to watch the cubs at play.
7. My mother advised me to be careful in my (choose) .........................of friends.
8. The (hot) .......................makes everybody very drowsy during the lesson in class.
9. The couple came here at the special (invite) .....................of the prime minister.
10. Please (low) .........................the volume of your voice. I can even hear you from next door.
Exercise 2. Combine the sentences in each pair into a new sentence that shows a cause/ effect
relationship. Use cause and effect signal word or phrase given in brackets.
1. One effect of global warming is that sea levels are rising. The polar icecaps are melting.
(because)
............................................................................................................................................................
.....
2. The global population has increased. There are much better levels of nutrition. (because of)
............................................................................................................................................................
.....
3. Nuclear explosions and detonations of nuclear weapons cause radioactive pollution. (lead to)
............................................................................................................................................................
.....
4. The environment is polluted. Birds leave their habitats and plants die. (make)
............................................................................................................................................
5. In the last ten years, many BC valleys have been clearcut. 142 species of salmon have become
extinct. (so)
............................................................................................................................................................
.....
6. The fish and other aquatic animals have died. The water is polluted. (due to)
............................................................................................................................................................
.....
Exercise 3. Choose the best answer A, B, C or D to complete these sentences.
1. Air pollution is severe in .
A. cities B. densely populated areas C. industrialised areas D. all of these
2. Main sources of noise pollution are .
A. transportation equipment B. musical instruments C. heavy machinery D. both A and
C
3. One of the best solutions to get rid of non-biodegradable wastes is .
A. burning B. dumping C. recycling D. buying
4. Which of the following is not as a consequence of global warming?
A. increased agricultural productivity worldwide B. rising sea level
C. worsening health effects D. increased storm frequency and intensity
5. The water temperature in streams, rivers, oceans change is the effect of .
A. radioactive pollution B. thermal pollution C. light pollution D. visual pollution
6. Which sentences are not the causes of water pollution?
A. Factories dump industrial waste into lakes and rivers. B. Sewage from households.
C. People burn fossil fuels. D. Farmers use pesticides to kill insects and herbicides to kill
weeks.
7. When does thermal pollution take place?
A. Sun heats up the lakes and ponds. B. Hot water from factories drains into rivers and ponds.
C. When hot oil drains into rivers and lakes. D. None of these
8. Nuclear waste is the pollutant of .
A. air pollution B. water pollution C. radioactive pollution D. soil pollution
9. Which of the following is how to control air pollution?
A. Maintaining a healthy distance between the industrial and residential areas.
B. Minimum use of loudspeakers and amplifiers especially near silence zones.
C. Don't throw chemicals, oils, paints and medicines into the river. D. planting trees
10. Thousands of deer and animals are killed on the road by vehicles in the evening because the glare of
cars blinds them is the effect of .
A. air pollution B. visual pollution C. thermal pollution D. light pollution
Exercise 5. Read the passage and choose the correct answer A, B, C or D.
Environmental pollution is a term that (1)______ to all the ways by which man pollutes his
surroundings. Man dirties the air with (2)______ gases and smoke, (3)_____ the water with
chemicals and other substances, and damages the (4)_____ with too many fertilizers and
pesticides. Man also pollutes his surroundings (5)_____ various other ways. For example, people
ruin natural beauty by (6)_____ junk and litter on the land and in the water.
Environmental pollution is one of the most serious problems facing mankind today. Air,
water and soil are necessary to the (7)_____ of all living things. Badly polluted air can cause
illness, and (8)_____ death. Polluted water kills fish and other (9)_____ life. Pollution of soil
reduces the amount of land that is available for growing food. Environmental pollution also
brings ugliness to man’s (10)_____ beautiful world.
1. A. means B. refers C. provides D. reduces
2. A. thick B. natural C. exhaust D. influent
3. A. purifies B. pumps C. sprays D. poisons
4. A. soil B. forests C. streets D. beaches
5. A. on B. in C. by D. with
6. A. spoiling B. leaving C. scattering D. gathering
7. A. survival B. environment C. development D. growth
8. A. so B. ever C. too D. even
9. A. animal B. marine C. human D. plant
10. A. nature B. natural C. naturally D. natured
Exercise 6. Combine each pair of sentences to make a conditional sentence type 1.
1.The land is polluted.The famers are unable to grow crops.
If…………………………………………………………………………………………………
2.There is visual pollution.People build too many telephone poles and overhead power lines.
If …………………………………………………………………………………………………..
3.People use contaminated water for cooking. Their health is badly affected.
If …………………………………………………………………………………………………
4.We place dustbins in many places. People don’t throw rubbish everywhere.
If …………………………………………………………………………………………………
5.The industrial waste is well- treated. The factory installs a new filtration system.
If………………………………………………………………………….………………………
Exercise 7. Combine each pair of sentences to make a conditional sentence type 2.
1.People throw rubbish in the street.The street doesn’t look attractive.
If ...................................................................................................
2.There are so many billboards in our city. People can not enjoy the view.
If ………………………………………………………………………………………………….
3.There is so much light in the cityat night.We can not see the stars clearly.
If …………………………………………………………………………………………………
4.We turn on the heater all the time. We have to pay three million dong for electricity a month.
If …………………………………………………………………………………………………
5.The karaoke bar makes so much noise almost every night. The residents complain to its owner.
If …………………………………………………………………………………………………
6.She has a headache after work every day.She works in a noisy office.
If ………………………………………………………………………………………………….
7.Students are more aware of protecting the environment. Teachers teach environmental issues at
school.
If …………………………………………………………………………………………………
8.Light pollution happens. Animals change their behaviour patterns.
If ………………………………………………………………………………………………..
9.The levels of radioactive polluion decrease.We switch from nuclear power to renewable energy
sources.
If …………………………………………………………………………………………………..
10.The water temperature increases.Some aquatic creatures are unable to reproduces.
If…………………………………………………………………………………….....................
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