Smart Tech, Safer Business: 100 IT Risks You Can’t Afford to Ignore 💻

IT Risk Register – Introduction 🗂️ IT Risk Categories Summary

# Category Focus Areas # of
In an era where digital infrastructure underpins every business
Risks
function, IT is not just a support service—it's a critical enabler of trust,
1 💻 Infrastructure & Hardware Servers, networks, data centers, 15
continuity, and transformation.
availability, redundancy

2 🧩 ERP & Software Systems Software failure, integrations, 15

licensing, patching

3 🔐 Cybersecurity & Access Control Phishing, ransomware, MFA, endpoint 15

protection, insider threats

4 📊 Data Integrity & Digital Records Audit trails, data ownership, 15

migration, backups

This 100-Risk Register for Information Technology (IT) has been Vendor SLAs, misconfigurations,
5 ☁️ Cloud, SaaS & Hosting Risks 15
thoughtfully structured to help IT leaders, cybersecurity professionals,
multi-tenant risk, cost governance
quality teams, and business units proactively identify, manage, and
mitigate risks across the digital landscape. 6 🧠 IT Governance, Talent & Support Policies, change control, IT team 15
readiness, vendor support
From system outages and data breaches to shadow IT and digital
adoption gaps, this register provides a risk-based lens for technology 7 🚀 Digital Transformation & Strategy, BCP/DR, innovation 10
management, promoting alignment with operational goals, security Innovation governance, user adoption

frameworks, and enterprise resilience.

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 🔐 The Ultimate IT Risk Register: 100 Ways to Safeguard Your Digital Ecosystem
Risk ID Risk Identification Type of Risk Description Risk Likeliho Impac Mitigating Actions Risk Owner Status
Rating od (1-5) t (1-5)
(Low/Med
/High)

Section 1: Infrastructure, Hardware & Network Risks 🖥️ 🔌

IT1 Server Hardware Infrastructure Physical server crash leads to High 3 5 Redundant server setup, IT Open
Failure Availability downtime or data loss. predictive maintenance, Infrastructure
server health monitoring. Lead
IT2 Network Downtime Network Poor connectivity impacts High 4 5 Redundant internet lines, 24/7 Network Open
/ Latency Reliability ERP, cloud systems, or monitoring, failover routing. Admin
communication tools.
IT3 Power Outage in Physical Risk / Power failure impacts servers High 3 5 UPS backup, diesel Facility & IT Open
Server Room Business and data centers. generators, power audit logs. Manager
Continuity
IT4 Aging IT Hardware Obsolescence Old hardware incompatible Medium 3 4 Hardware refresh plan, IT Asset Open
Risk with new software or fails lifecycle tracking, asset Manager
under load. inventory.
IT5 Uncontrolled Physical Unauthorized access to IT High 3 5 Access cards, CCTV Security & IT Open
Access to Server Security Risk rooms leads to tampering or surveillance, access log Support
Rooms breaches. monitoring.
IT6 Overheating in Environmental Lack of cooling causes Medium 3 4 Temperature sensors, HVAC Facility Team Open
Data Center Risk shutdowns or permanent maintenance, environmental
equipment damage. alarms.
IT7 No Monitoring of Operational Failure to detect system High 3 5 Real-time system health IT Ops Open
Critical Systems Visibility Risk slowdowns or errors before dashboards, alerts, ITSM Monitoring
they escalate. integration. Lead
IT8 Network Change Misconfigured Medium 3 4 Change control SOP, peer Network Open
Configuration Management routers/switches lead to IP review of configurations, Support
Errors Risk conflicts or firewall gaps. rollback plans. Engineer

IT9 Inadequate VPN Remote Work VPN fails under user load, Medium 3 4 Scalable VPN licensing, off- IT Security Open
Bandwidth for Risk slowing down remote peak access balancing, Admin
Remote Work productivity. remote support desk.

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IT10 Lack of Single Point of Network backbone fails due High 3 5 High-availability (HA) design, Network Open
Redundancy in Failure Risk to lack of backup devices. dual switch setup. Architect
Core Switches
IT11 Cabling or Physical Infrastructure Loose or damaged cables Medium 3 4 Structured cabling audit, Network Open
Layer Faults Disruption cause intermittent faults. labeling system, spare Technician
cabling kit.
IT12 Storage Device Data Storage crash causes data High 3 5 RAID redundancy, offsite Storage Admin Open
Failure (RAID/NAS) Availability inaccessibility or corruption. replication, auto alerts.
Risk
IT13 Limited Wi-Fi Productivity Staff cannot connect or face Medium 3 3 Site Wi-Fi audit, access point IT Infra Team Open
Coverage in Impact Risk slow internet in certain zones. realignment, signal boosters.
Facilities
IT14 No Inventory of Asset Visibility Missing or mismanaged Medium 3 4 CMDB (Asset database), IT Asset Open
Critical Hardware Risk hardware affects upgrades barcode tracking, IT audit Controller
and audit tracking. reports.

IT15 Firewall Device Perimeter Core firewall outage exposes High 3 5 Firewall HA setup, vendor Cybersecurity Open
Failure Security Risk network or blocks critical support SLA, emergency Team
operations. recovery config.

Section 2: Software, ERP Systems & Application Performance Risks

Downtime in ERP affects
ERP System Business 24/7 monitoring, vendor SLA, ERP System
IT16 operations, finance, and High 3 5 Open
Downtime Continuity Risk backup instance availability. Owner
planning workflows.
Failed patches cause
Software Patch Patch testing environment,
application bugs or IT Applications
IT17 Deployment Update Risk High 3 5 rollback plans, release Open
unplanned outages. Lead
Failures schedule adherence.

Old systems create Modernization roadmap,

Legacy Software Obsolescence IT Strategy
IT18 integration issues or security Medium 3 4 impact-risk mapping, Open
Still in Use Risk Manager
vulnerabilities. decommissioning strategy.
Unauthorized Users install unvetted Software whitelist policy,
IT Governance
IT19 Software Shadow IT Risk software creating data and High 3 5 endpoint protection, regular Open
Lead
Installation security risks. scans.
APIs or connectors between Integration testing, fallback
Integration Failures Process Flow IT Integration
IT20 ERP, CRM, QMS, or HRMS fail, Medium 3 4 data sync plans, interface Open
Between Systems Risk Team
halting workflows. health dashboards.

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 Custom code blocks future
Over- System upgrades or increases Change governance,
IT21 Customization of Upgradeabilit dependency on few Medium 3 4 configuration vs. ERP & DevOps Open
ERP y Risk developers. customization analysis.

Incident Tickets or issues not resolved

Delayed Software ITSM ticket aging reports, Application
IT22 Management within SLA, affecting users Medium 3 4 Open
Issue Resolution escalation protocols. Support Lead
Risk and output.
Applications go live with
Inadequate Testing Go-Live UAT criteria, QA sign-off, QA & IT
IT23 critical bugs due to rushed High 3 5 Open
Before Go-Live Failure Risk staged rollout protocol. Projects Team
validation.
Complicated or unintuitive
User
Poor User Interface interface lowers efficiency UX audit, usability testing, Application
IT24 Productivity Medium 3 3 Open
(UI) Design and increases errors. user training feedback loop. Product Owner
Risk

Under-licensed usage leads License audit tracker, vendor IT

ERP License Legal &
IT25 to audit penalties or legal High 3 5 terms review, renewal Procurement Open
Compliance Issues Financial Risk
action. reminders. Officer
Inappropriate system access Role-based access matrix
Insufficient User Authorization IT Security &
IT26 granted to wrong users or High 3 5 (RBAC), periodic access Open
Access Controls Risk Admin
roles. audits.
Different systems show
Master data governance, Data
Inconsistent Data different versions of master
IT27 Data Sync Risk Medium 3 4 data sync jobs, golden record Management Open
Across Systems data (e.g., vendor, item).
policy. Lead

CRs lack impact assessment

Incomplete CR template enforcement,
Change or rollback plans, increasing Change
IT28 Change Request Medium 3 4 CAB (Change Advisory Board) Open
Control Gaps risk of disruption. Manager
Documentation review cycles.

Code pushed live without

Git/version control tools,
No Version Control proper tracking/version DevOps
IT29 DevOps Risk High 3 5 staging environment, commit Open
in Internal Apps control leads to rollback Engineer
audit trail.
issues.
Inadequate Employees underuse Role-based training, training
User Adoption IT Training
IT30 Training on New features or misuse tools due Medium 3 4 effectiveness survey, Open
Risk Coordinator
Applications to lack of training. embedded help tools.

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Section 3: Cybersecurity, Access Control & Data Protection Risks
Social Staff fall victim to fraudulent Awareness training, email
Phishing Attacks on Cybersecurity
IT31 Engineering emails leading to credential High 4 5 filter systems, phishing Open
Employees Manager
Risk theft. simulations.
Malware or
Endpoint Malicious software locks or Anti-virus software, firewall IT Security
IT32 Ransomware High 3 5 Open
Protection Risk steals organizational data. layers, regular patch updates. Analyst
Infiltration
Excessive admin rights
Role-based access control
Unauthorized Privilege granted to users increase IT Admin &
IT33 High 3 5 (RBAC), least privilege policy, Open
Admin Privileges Escalation Risk system compromise risk. Security Team
periodic review.

Accounts can be accessed

No Multi-factor MFA enforcement on critical
Access with only passwords, Cybersecurity
IT34 Authentication High 3 5 systems, authentication Open
Breach Risk increasing breach chances. Lead
(MFA) audits.

Former employee or unused

Auto-disable after inactivity,
Inactive Accounts Dormant accounts remain active and IT Compliance
IT35 Medium 3 4 HR-IT offboarding sync, user Open
Not Disabled Account Risk exploitable. Analyst
audit.

Users use simple or repeated

Password complexity rules,
Weak Password Credential passwords, making access IT Support
IT36 High 3 5 expiry policies, password Open
Policies Theft Risk easier for attackers. Admin
manager.

Unpatched Known system weaknesses Vulnerability scanning, patch

Exploitation IT Vulnerability
IT37 Security not patched allow attacker High 3 5 schedule enforcement, VAPT Open
Risk Team
Vulnerabilities entry. reports.
Staff connect to systems over VPN enforcement, encrypted
Public Wi-Fi Access Data Exposure IT Network
IT38 insecure networks, risking Medium 3 4 protocols (SSL/TLS), mobile Open
to Internal Systems Risk Security
interception. usage policy.
No Intrusion
Breach Suspicious activity goes IDS/IPS deployment, SOC Cyber Defense
IT39 Detection/Preventi High 3 5 Open
Detection Risk unnoticed in the network. monitoring, alert tuning. Lead
on System
Use of USB drives or external Device control software, USB Endpoint
Data Leakage
IT40 Unauthorized devices lead to virus spread Medium 3 4 port locking policy, user Security Open
Risk
External Devices or data theft. restriction. Admin

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 Lack of Data Sensitive data accessible or End-to-end encryption tools,
Confidentiality IT Security
IT41 Encryption (At- transmitted without High 3 5 secure email systems, disk Open
Risk Architect
Rest/In-Transit) encryption. encryption.
Bring-your-own-device
Mobile device management
Personal Devices BYOD (BYOD) policy not controlled
IT42 Medium 3 4 (MDM), segmentation of IT Policy & Infra Open
on Office Network Exposure Risk or monitored.
internal networks.

Backups stored in plain

Data Backup Not Backup format pose data theft or Encrypted backup protocols, Data Backup
IT43 High 3 5 Open
Encrypted Security Risk compliance risk. vault storage, access logs. Admin

Employees access and leak

Internal Data User activity monitoring,
Insider Threat confidential or sensitive IT Governance
IT44 Misuse by High 2 5 behavioral alerts, Open
Risk business information. & HR
Employees whistleblower mechanism.

Employees unaware of
No Security Cyber awareness e-learning,
Human Error security basics increase IT Learning
IT45 Awareness Training High 3 5 annual mandatory refreshers, Open
Risk organization’s risk profile. Coordinator
Program gamified learning.

Section 4: Data Integrity, Digital Records & Audit Trail Risks 🧾

IT46 Incomplete or Data Integrity Missing, incomplete, or High 3 5 Field validation, auto-save Data Quality Open
Corrupted Data Risk altered data affects features, completeness Manager
Entries compliance and decisions. checks.

IT47 Lack of Real-Time System Multiple platforms show Medium 3 4 Sync automation, middleware IT Systems Open
Data Sync Mismatch Risk inconsistent or outdated audit, data latency Integrator
data. thresholds.
IT48 No Defined Data Data Unclear responsibility over Medium 3 4 Data stewardship roles, RACI Data Open
Ownership Governance data accuracy, updates, and for data domains. Governance
Gap quality. Officer
IT49 Audit Trail Not Compliance No trace of who changed High 3 5 Enable audit logging, read- IT Compliance Open
Enabled on Key Gap Risk what, when, and why— only archives, audit trail Lead
Systems violates regulatory norms. reviews.

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IT50 Inability to Trace Traceability Changes to vendor, material, High 3 5 Change logs, approval Master Data Open
Changes in Master Risk or item master not properly workflow, versioning system. Administrator
Data documented.
IT51 Overwriting of Record Previous data overwritten Medium 3 4 Version control, data locking Application Open
Digital Records Retention Risk without backup or version mechanism. Admin
history.
IT52 Lack of Retention Archival & Important records deleted or High 3 5 Data retention policy, auto- Records Open
Policy for Digital Legal Risk lost due to undefined archiving, policy-based Management
Records retention timelines. deletion. Officer
IT53 Data Altered Data Integrity Users make unauthorized High 3 5 Role-based access, edit trail IT Audit Open
Without Breach changes, risking audit failure monitoring, data approval Coordinator
Authorization and customer trust. checkpoints.
IT54 Inconsistent Search & Users struggle to locate Medium 3 3 Metadata standards, file Documentatio Open
Naming Retrieval Risk records due to naming naming SOPs, index search n Owner
Conventions inconsistencies. tools.
IT55 Digital Forms User Entry Free-text fields or Medium 3 4 Input validation rules, Application Open
Without Validation Error Risk unvalidated entries increase dropdowns, auto-formatting. Dev Team
Checks bad data.

IT56 No Backup for Business Important shared folders lost High 3 5 Cloud backups, snapshot IT Infra Open
Shared Drives / File Continuity Risk due to accidental deletion or schedules, restore testing. Support
Repos hardware failure.

IT57 Duplicate Records Data Same record exists in Medium 3 4 Data deduplication tools, Master Data Open
Across Platforms Redundancy different systems with single source of truth policy. Analyst
Risk different values.
IT58 Use of Regulatory Uncontrolled use of Medium 3 4 Central data platforms, digital IT Governance Open
Unstructured Data Risk spreadsheets or text docs for SOP automation, spreadsheet & Risk
in Formal decision-making. usage limits.
Processes
IT59 Archived Data Not Retrieval Risk Archived files are poorly Medium 3 4 Digital archive system, Archive Open
Readily Accessible indexed or hard to retrieve tagging and indexing tools. Administrator
during audits.
IT60 Lack of Data System Poor data quality due to High 3 5 Pre/post migration checks, IT Migration Open
Validation During Transition Risk unverified migration from reconciliation reports, Lead
Migration legacy to new platforms. sandbox testing.

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Section 5: Cloud, SaaS, and Hosting Infrastructure Risks ☁️
IT61 Cloud Service Availability Downtime from cloud High 3 5 Multi-region hosting, SLA Cloud Open
Outage Risk provider halts critical monitoring, service credits Infrastructure
applications or services. clause. Lead
IT62 SaaS Application Service Third-party tools fail to meet Medium 3 4 SLA reviews, vendor Vendor Open
SLA Violation Performance promised uptime or scorecards, escalation Management
Risk performance thresholds. protocol. Team

IT63 Misconfigured Security Public-facing cloud assets High 3 5 Cloud posture monitoring Cloud Security Open
Cloud Resources Exposure Risk lack proper restrictions, tools (CSPM), regular config Architect
exposing data. audits.
IT64 Unauthorized Data Compliance Teams store sensitive data in High 3 5 Cloud usage policy, approved IT Compliance Open
Storage in Cloud Risk non-compliant or cloud service list, DLP controls. Officer
unapproved cloud
environments.

IT65 Inadequate Cloud Data Recovery Backup frequency or High 3 5 Cloud-native backup, backup Cloud Admin / Open
Backup Policies Risk coverage not aligned with verification tests, versioned IT Ops
business RTO/RPO. snapshots.
IT66 Vendor Lock-in in Strategic Overdependence on one Medium 3 4 Contract exit clauses, API IT Open
Proprietary SaaS Flexibility Risk SaaS limits ability to switch portability checks, open Procurement
Tools vendors in future. standards preference. Lead

IT67 Poor Monitoring of Visibility & Subscribed tools Medium 3 3 SaaS usage reports, license Finance & IT Open
SaaS Usage Overspending underutilized or misused optimization analysis, team Coordinator
Risk across teams. feedback.
IT68 SaaS Application Data Flow Disconnected apps cause Medium 3 4 Middleware integration, SaaS Open
Integration Gaps Disruption Risk manual duplication or unified API management, Integration
delays. automation workflows. Manager
IT69 Shared Cloud Multi-Tenant Neighboring tenants in public Medium 3 4 Isolation policy, cloud Cloud Security Open
Infrastructure Exposure Risk cloud create indirect risk. provider compliance review, Lead
Vulnerability containerization.
IT70 Failure to Review Regulatory Cloud partner lacks up-to- High 3 5 Annual certification review, Vendor Open
Cloud Vendor Risk date certifications (e.g., ISO vendor risk assessment Compliance
Compliance 27001, SOC 2). program. Manager

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IT71 Delayed Incident Time-to- Cloud vendor is slow to Medium 3 4 SLA-based incident SaaS Support Open
Response by SaaS Resolution respond to tickets, affecting categorization, escalation Coordinator
Vendor Risk recovery time. contacts, vendor war room.
IT72 Shadow Cloud Governance Business units independently Medium 3 4 Cloud usage policy, finance CIO Office / Open
Deployments by Gap spin up cloud resources tagging, IT onboarding of all Department IT
Departments without IT approval. cloud initiatives.

IT73 Excessive Admin Role Too many users have admin High 3 5 Role matrix, quarterly user SaaS Admin Open
Roles in SaaS Management privileges, increasing breach access review, auto-
Accounts Risk potential. provisioning with SSO.

IT74 No Exit Strategy for Contract Risk Cloud provider termination Medium 3 4 Exit checklist, data portability Legal & IT Open
Cloud Contracts leaves systems and data in clause, local data copy Contract
limbo. timeline. Owner

IT75 Lack of Cloud Cost Financial Uncontrolled cloud resource Medium 3 4 Budget alerts, reserved
Governance Overrun Risk consumption leads to billing instance planning, cost
spikes. anomaly dashboards.

Section 6: IT Governance, Policy Compliance, Talent & Support 🧠📋

IT76 Lack of IT Policy Policy Staff unaware of critical IT, Medium 3 4 Policy induction training, e- IT Compliance Open
Awareness Compliance security, or data usage sign acknowledgment, LMS Coordinator
Risk policies. compliance modules.

IT77 Non-adherence to Uncontrolled Teams bypass CAB or High 3 5 Strict CAB enforcement, IT Change Open
IT Change Change Risk change control procedures emergency change protocol, Manager
Management causing instability. audit log review.

IT78 Absence of IT Risk Risk IT risks are not documented Medium 3 4 Quarterly IT risk review, CIO Office Open
Register or Review Governance or reviewed systematically. integration with enterprise risk
Gap register (ERR).
IT79 Conflicting Strategic Project timelines and scope Medium 3 4 IT project portfolio tracker, PMO / CIO Open
Priorities Among IT Misalignment overlap due to poor portfolio steering committee review.
Projects Risk visibility.

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IT80 IT Skills Shortage Resource Lack of specialists in key High 3 5 Skill matrix, training HR & IT Open
Capability Risk technologies causes delays roadmaps, third-party Manager
or quality issues. contracting buffer.

IT81 Overdependence Knowledge Critical system knowledge Medium 3 4 SOP documentation, IT Team Leads Open
on Key IT Staff Continuity Risk concentrated in one or two knowledge transfer, backup
people. ownership assignment.

IT82 Unresolved User Service Prolonged or untracked Medium 3 4 SLA-based ticketing system, IT Support Open
Support Tickets Quality Risk support requests degrade escalation matrix, ticket Desk Manager
internal customer closure reviews.
experience.
IT83 Limited IT Helpdesk Support Users face delays in Medium 3 3 Tiered support shifts, IT Operations Open
Hours Coverage Risk resolution due to restricted chatbot/self-help portal, 24x7 Lead
support availability. coverage for critical apps.
IT84 Poor Vendor External Vendors fail to update IT Medium 3 4 Regular vendor meetings, Vendor Liaison Open
Communication on Response Risk team on patches, changes, communication SLAs, support Officer
IT Issues or issues. ticket integration.
IT85 Incomplete Productivity Delayed access or tool Medium 3 3 Onboarding checklist, auto- IT HR Open
Onboarding of New Onboarding provisioning reduces provisioning workflows, HR-IT Coordinator
IT Employees Risk efficiency of new IT staff. integration.
IT86 No IT SOP for Self-Service Employees misuse or Medium 3 4 Quick-start guides, SOPs in Application Open
Business Users Gap misconfigure tools due to shared drive, IT coaching Support Team
unclear guidance. sessions.
IT87 IT Governance Not Strategic Drift IT roadmap built without Medium 3 4 CIO in strategic planning CIO / Strategy Open
Aligned to Business Risk input from business strategy board, IT-business alignment Lead
Strategy or transformation plans. KPIs.
IT88 Lack of Metrics on Visibility Gap Helpdesk metrics not tracked Medium 3 3 Monthly IT KPI dashboard, SLA IT Service Open
IT Support or reported to management. and FCR (First Call Resolution) Delivery
Performance tracking. Manager
IT89 Improper Insider Threat Ex-employees retain access High 3 5 Auto-deprovisioning triggers, IT Admin & HR Open
Deactivation of Risk to email, drives, or tools. HR exit checklists, access
Former Staff audit log review.
Access
IT90 No Backup for Key Operational Leave or resignation of IT Medium 3 4 Admin backup rotation, job Infrastructure Open
IT Admin Roles Resilience Risk admins creates service shadowing program, team Manager
disruption. access to credentials.

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Section 7: Digital Transformation, Innovation & IT Resilience 🚀🌐
T91 Resistance to Change Employees resist adopting Medium 3 4 Change champions, role- Digital Open
Digital Management new digital tools or based training, pilot groups. Transformatio
Transformation Risk workflows. n Lead
IT92 Unclear Digital Strategic Lack of clarity around goals Medium 3 4 Digital roadmap with CIO / Strategy Open
Strategy Roadmap Alignment Risk and priorities leads to milestones, business PMO
scattered IT investments. engagement sessions.
IT93 Poor Adoption of ROI New tools underused due to Medium 3 4 Success criteria per rollout, IT Product Open
New Digital Realization unclear use cases or weak onboarding playbooks, Owners
Platforms Risk onboarding. feedback surveys.
IT94 Innovation Projects Initiative Experimentation happens Medium 3 4 Innovation governance IT Innovation Open
Lack Governance Failure Risk without structure, leading to board, sandbox approval Manager
rework or exposure. process, outcome KPIs.
IT95 AI/ML Tools Used Data Ethics & Unvalidated AI models or High 3 5 AI risk framework, model Data Science Open
Without Oversight Accuracy Risk outputs lead to inaccurate validation, ethical AI & Governance
decisions or bias. committee.
IT96 No Metrics to Track Visibility Risk Lack of defined KPIs to Medium 3 3 Digital maturity assessment Transformatio Open
Digital Maturity measure digital tools, regular benchmarking. n PMO
transformation progress.
IT97 IT Not Included in Resilience IT dependencies not High 3 5 IT-BCP alignment meetings, Business Open
Business Continuity Planning Gap accounted for in BCP/DR joint DR simulation exercises. Continuity
Plans plans. Manager
IT98 Failure to Simulate Recovery DR procedures exist but are High 3 5 DR drills, RTO/RPO validation, IT Operations Open
Disaster Recovery Preparedness never tested, leaving gap reporting. & Risk Team
(DR) Risk recovery uncertain.
IT99 Fragmented Digital Integration Too many siloed tools make Medium 3 4 Tool rationalization roadmap, IT Strategy & Open
Systems & Tools Fatigue Risk digital journey disjointed for unified dashboards, API Architecture
users. strategy.
IT100 No Feedback Loop Innovation End-user insights not Medium 3 3 Voice of IT user program, IT IT Service Open
for Continuous IT Stagnation captured or acted upon to satisfaction surveys, ITIL CSI Experience
Improvement Risk improve tools or services. (Continual Service Lead
Improvement).

Document Owner: Subramanian Shanmugam Quality Excellence Management Professional Date: 19 June 2025

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