Onetp 2 Elemenb AMaline earth metbl CAEM7,

be) knen ar allalire exrth melals.

Therc L¢xcept at
Luke alkali malab,on/rmdh of RE.M ar alo ioni mnalie
Atemic and Jonic xadii of AEM ate Amaller than hoe o
Cohespnding allali mlih in the dame þeriod
clatgen ku clamu
Cauk D due he nCriased ncdoar
Genetal rendy and hypcalobelies af_AEM.
1 Touzalion enthalb
wenerallh I.E 1 Lelt light and ves hen Ta i polan 4n 9e
TLE A.En bipher hantine of conetrtng fl.

au-plon of 1E AME he h£KS shre A hve CAs

(21Eecdatotlive charador ot Nelalle characlir
A.EM ae electapesilie im nadore fat len than A.M.

AElctpestve Clorzazbr opetb alalli lareade deertae

3 Handne
The -hardneh of H-t.P deoriases On main p5 bolm bn glo
Caute-o etalli dendsiengh decrease) farm hp i tolbm

- C ae donset om e allali matah

Cate in AEm. (U Saal dye Bndiv grcalbr nunber of mlene
elhcliom, ahich lnds betterpeckuy of cyhh adpratbn
metli Momdiag han AM.
MPand B
Dan the gop heve o egubr Tzemd n the mkandPp
ceysbl Sluclue adgblil s0an
Cau t b due dllewnt
Me ArEM. ave hughet mfand B. Oonpted b An
Caus i due b mallt age and realbe numer
o
valene eleelion,shich mCaave mtallie badegtn MEm
K) Eoe Colutallo
Ca S pa
be
Red
h e elutons un be and Mg ak lio dlrony bound b got
excited by ome.Hene, hes elemerih do noltnpari
ny Coldtth o the ane
Hralan Enthalby
AEN hydralon enthaples decreales dotn he ogeop
don he gte Ape tes ofHEPRin ul
ae
degre fyudalon also ve!.
Chatge denuly Ves and
AE1 io) have hbigr kydliakon enhalby hanhotk
R

entialby qf AEN.
C4O Ahil a C
ansa) erist a s . A0snd a
g
nd KCl do hot fotn duch hydbi
L8)Sdubelly and Latce enithalby(LeE
i A.Lonpotnds tave nigh Lallie enlial than APrpird
R.E m.
al due b dnall ze fa iom tnd monele Chae o
Decneein Lattze enhalby faror t o tolulill,.
Deczease m ydralan enhalby fausu b Le olubilty
Dexm he gop,LE Ves mote sgpual han dydualan enlhaly
e elnbilly e Canoue 1es. They b Tale fot he dlarprnh
Adh mlen dniory ube hydovide ie bdO)lepblabe thanbaby
detan te geeb LE deckiaks bes rabedly han hyedakpn
enitha y, the selulbehty onpetund devceases. Thn u
oConhaunds hauing largern antoy ke Cg, Sc, cHLoo, GGek.
1 educg blate
7A.EM re hiong Neduny g
Reducn Notae
 aeeA terdny b be e les fram ty &holimingoh
AE2re bialer leducing agent Han Conepmdig AN
RLK T.Eof AEP Aigher Hon Bm
Cemical Beperto ef REM
AE e los seatae ran A
V e inAge i) Te) inI.Eandti)Ven in helhrtloe haialkr
Reaclady uarh ai
REMpes a greyish Meli lustre then freshls Cutet
Tatndt Jropidly Gn expre i aie
be and an kinetally Unert vgpn adkilit decue
ohe matien of an oice filn on hetr frce.
>fotdercd le unn buillion an nilan in air bgire bO

Mg b noze elechateslue and datnp wdh dazzlas brllanee

mai 6 gue a0and
AEP do ntmbe
bperorude khen hezlid Aidh ougen.

2 Reactvty ttardb Ahl

l e dres e react audlh ialr ot Jham due of ond pln ond
Ma des net react udh Cold inlie datvCa) Jeact uth hetzat
mdTiam 0n healneg
a , , le Jeat adh oldualit, a ey ast hugh reahre pa
re.
lg +2M,0 PlgoN)+
ig0+
TEan)
3] Reaculy_iaana Halgaa matekvated linteralave
A.EMA.EM Sead udh Halogin
1+X A MX
MX
Thermad dicomposlton ofN), be l, the bet nehodpor
the brehoralon o le
(Mel N , F + Bek
lonvenientty made fom be o2ude
leCBe0+C+CIkleC+ CO
2Be0+ CC, ook> 2fec, r CO

4) Readiuiy aandh Hydugen th Ayedergen tyan heala

:E eues be.enhine
HI
bun helr Aydeide MH M- aSt, &a)
M+ MH
inclaon of bec)andl
be, ard, tan be pahred éa
Auth LiA,.
28e+ LiAII 2ell+LiCl+1 C
ac+LiH 20a, +LC+ WC
A-Ehyebide eact uth hO Ard Libral h ga).
a 2O GOh),+ 2MO
Hydrolth
Thevmial sablhly of A.EM Aydride ves from be 6 ba.
5) Renchon Tarad aci
7 AEM Jreat widh acid ane ubrake K2e
M+2H MC+ hn
M +MSa, SO, t
g+2hno,
(ey dlate)
AG) +
3PM +&HNO 3NG,)+ ,0+2NO
dlutk
16 Soldters in Luguid amlata
0mnaiz 6 9ue deb dblie lah
HE diuolve m aoid
Sokulion yorminy ammcnald lon.
M+ Q+y) M
rem bele selihon, dhe ammonialeo)L Ma)71anbe need.
Ukc) c AEM
Be-Cdu oloyy at twd n the prepalalan of hgh
dbtength shringj.
2 Mdalle ee in ued h make wumdbus N x y Tls.
Mg-Al alsy deing light in mas aR uiedin ain Croftouluctn
A A wupoian of moon), in ktlor i uwel antbedin edéine.
SMaCo, i an ungredint of tothpast.
6 Ca b ucd in he
exdrackon of nmátah frem 6Rdes ttuch ati
dilficult b xcduce with atlen
7 la and Ba neat uth
Q,and af-elecitid onperalire
Jo they a e ukd 6 enOe a t frem
Ldcun tutes
8 Radiuim Aalb aze ed unadtilheeby [Tn Malment danter)
General Charackrusts f_Copptmda of he AED
lhe AEP hoon Conlotundo &hich ere K
prederninntly
lex lnic Han Cotrestondung ombourd tone du?
Cawto due o mcreried nucleawt Chazgt and maller
claia
ide
.GM m moopde ich, emept kG, hae OK
1.f onude ofR:E Ve fa Za} %
Jalt sbrudure
7 in
auh b duz o ves n litlie enthalby on
grx
mCuabina
0 i esenialy toelent in nalile dnd vne hatas
Tes on movuny i botem in gr
Be omy Cnly menide dutother AEP Gn fom
pelheide
(27 Hydnaid
i) arral LH-G,Ca]
MOHO MC
NSQ +2laoh Mon)+ N4Sa, p- k,Ng]
T Jpluilly, herml statlty ard He aie dolaclot
nlurl
alnu
here hyd enudes umCeale 4h uncrsavt
BeoH) amphdri in atw
2-
Bon)+ 2oN kOH,7
eon2HCIMO-
Soubslt REm.Hydroricde 1eo daan thegty
u Lattic entttly ves mee har hydulian erhpy
Tee are ln velulle han arresprding A kydtinde
3 Holides
v Sybech bnlt beX, ,
al faldes RE Dre Orit in roli
n) Beh p Lalnt and dolulle in ohganie ouer
C C C
C C
Chatn siuuirt in he Sold Sht
 C
C-e Pe-C) JIoo cl-be-c

lopor havc(Hoo udge dimer)

he tondonay to prem halude hycbralen gtadualy ves
ot enanrk -8M0,GC.M0, Sq(0ind a
dpsn he gop
The pluorides are seltvely lesy olutle han chbrides
Ce-mints osty i hein high allee tnergies
MgE potees ouderabk ion dhorado lshile
Oher magnesutm halidler are ovalent.
4 Calts cf Oxoaid
(iCarbona
ardonates cf AEM a Ntluble. m halor andcan be
pecibloty addihan of a a,cooMa Co, Jclulhon ha
solilien cfá sclule Jalt o hes melalb.
lhe delubilty ves e alene ho.
of Cariomales in bralr as
Te
a4g e dydration enthalby ves ore xapudly Hhan Latte
Cnilthalay em mevirty p t lolem im giop
Thexmal'Obllb f arsoralendA En a Ti0. Te in
m
alcnue sipe.
T n Case of luoide, solutiliy 1e) der) he gradi, i
Gxlonales decorpet¬ n heatve ú e C9 andril
MCO MO + Ce
nstatk and can e fept only in
Beco, tit at
Ov
Mco+ Co+105 eCO
CiD Sulphada Atle dohd and satl
AEP are al
h e ulphal of the
heot delule n balitr the elubit,
a, axe teadl
e Sg nd Py
pram asq, lasa,
deereaes
b
M!N.Yaltz
han (orespndiy
>Thest arr dey dolulle
he thermal stablty 1es dorn he pnp
MSo, AMO+SOT lanalire.
uhed as a nid bart
tpsom Jat MgS7wO

MSO, +4c-5 MS +YCO efague 16 YYayy

umwolule in raler and
a SO oth Hades o the sens
aoium mezl is Musd s olain
a
Un dagrehs Alerv
om an X-ray flm
Lhuch y ukful
lcens
(n) Lrales Nbrude on healiny gve Nitiide Mn
Nith nltgen
R AEM Xact
3M+- M
A

ctber are m-volalile

beaM tevy oalent n volati but
and crystalline sold.
Ma t6ho53MON) +2/
Ma +3 COA 3M0 +N +3C
Cnceplt Be, M+ 2CO2Ba0 + KaC,
(V) Nrule
Eeparalo
MO+ 2BwOq MNO), + H
MOH)+ 2HNOg7 M0, + }O
 MCC%t2 HNG. Mo) + Cgt MO
The tomdemay b form Aydlrulety AED Mutrates Ves ha
Tes un sue and ves dydralon
enthalpy
All Nitralon ot A-EP
decorpett on heali
2MV)-2MO +4NO +
Caxbide
AEM m Varlaus Gbide ve. N,C, MC, and M,C

Re,C +o. 1heCH),t CJy

CaC+21,0 - a (H)-t+ C
MoC+4,o 2 a , + ChCE cH
ncmalous Behauiaur ofDe"
1 BeO and le
bn) are anplolorni
Re0+2HC kd,t O
e O+ 2NaOH Na, le t 0
2 c does net scanct tuldh pater
evnat huyh nberaln
3 e does ret exhebit oordnalen Mumler mote han y
due b absene of "g-bitab
le Becaupe of high Cage lo oduu salo orm
Clalent Compeind Lhih clher pn lenmic onheind.
Dagoral nolalenthib eloten Beand'R
Luke Al, le b net tcad1ly altacked aido because o
the preee of an onldt Hlm on fe korfoe of mila)
2 AeCH, dusolyes un the eneh of alKali i gue
kylat
 31 The chbids of both be amd Pl dae pudpe hrds
Suchwre n vepa ae
L4) Bec and Auc. are Soluble in 0gane venh andne
ong lemih acuh hey are uted brledel CrotCalyst
51 Gbiln of Loth Aond le gue netne go oniydabies
CCuiden and hydiyider of beh are anpl~orie n nilie
[7)and have Aong tndeng 1 fem onplen
Jons uke Bel, A
R Seme Inpohnt ompoundo ofLalaum
alum ide onluick line [ao)
on a iMMOAia ale
prepred healip
t lo7o27ok.
irestove (G co) ina eDy Kln ot
a CO, GO+ CC

Nable dhe Jteaahon proceed Gplelon.

whut amtbhsssolid houing 1.P 98TOK.
bnd
On expoe t almLphere, t alorls moulare
arbn dioril
a0+0 &O)
a0 CO a CO
ampunt of elrbreak heur
he addllion e Aimitd
blled Malizy linme
Jme.1he tepoen D
uick lune laked oth Scda pive) sold Sedalime
onbineswth aadi nider at tg
Beiny a a onide t
bboalw
GO+ Si0-a SiO
GO+
eb of G0
1 fot a,co, fom Causl Soda
foe mantpctot cf a,Coment, motar,and go.
3for purialan o Bugar ad in the manuladihe f
dye lul
2 Galeium Hydrridesh Alaked lume Lab
Commercially to prepotedby addirpt r & ao
a0 + ho a
(mulkcof ume)
The ayeo) olulhon Jnam as Jime draler and a
Muspehiem o Aaked uine m uol iy Kromas mUK fline.
Calon)+CO GCOt ,o
mulle,)
aCOt +D aMCO)
Colowls
2aA),+20, G,+ aOc), + 2Mo
Hyprchlerde
Cucs of laO
1 For He prepaalin ofleachig
2 Tn whate ath due
poruder, nortar
b h disunectant nal
3 n glay making pnd in Tanrung undustr
fo puriicatim at gat.
3alium latéenak
rearalie
GOA+ Co aCQ + ho
a + , CO &cQ +2nhc
 b whutë flulhy parder
andNeluble in kalor
Razcton uhacd +MO+ Co
a CO, t 2H a
aCOgt H,SO,aSO, +O-+ CO
Uses of GCOs Un Manufadute cf uick dine
and
1 Jn he form of morle
sn he exbachan efnetbs
2 laco, tth Pgcq, io Lstd awa lux
Bch a VOn erlinsiuelhLid in
e
3 Cpectally precipihle/aCC,
manulacduie high ualli tyber.in toch pesle a covsllient
4 a n anacid, mlabrasre
fler un omeles
of Cheaurg gum nd euelaL47
Calcium Sulbats emitydrale er lhlor
al393K
i s preated from 4ypm healng
om

aSo, 2M0IK aSG, 440+1~O

rypum PoP)
ypum is hald tabaë 393K , antydres alium
T
Sulphale pmed.
aSoy 20 2 9 3 a So + 24o
dead durrt
hlastor
Pof get hard m xedhon oth halor
aSo 4%0 H o aSOy2Mo
subtum
a d brnt blastr null netr Concbine adh Aaler Ie foP.

largN uwe u n The aulding industry asttdas

plas er).
2 o used fa plasteins e pracdired Lane.
3 mak asto of alu, jn deniste and Cheb onamart
1 n he
mna d bbek dad challg
(5 Cement
t ua st ntioduced in Engarndin 1824 dy Tebh lebelin
3 t Cllud te
6tand cementbeaute it reHrbles ulh
the notoal limestone
9uarried un he Lsle of brtland.
herage Combotlan cf Btord ement
a0 So6oz, SiQ, 20-257, ALO,
S-lo7, %0 2-3,
Fe,0, I-27, and SO, 1-2
l o cad gually demwnt e alo f Slia
GGJE Aumra
CAO) Moild le eticen 2.S and 4, and he raho of lin
a0) 6 the tobl ofhe oide of uuion, Rlumnium and iren
shella te a) cet peisible d 2
The Pat maloril pr he manuactte cementD hy
and lumesbne
Clay + lime eng healy Cemeit cunker
Lrn 2-3 yseydt ypm
Jnprat nypedient pieknt in p oitland Lemert ate
dualium &ihate (a,Sio,) 267, tualeiuno dlcat (Ca,SQ)
51% nd ilcolcum alumvnal (a,l,O)
When Coment miud nth haler, he deliing of Cement bie
plbce gue tatd na4 due a dydralen of moleades of
i Constluunt
The pupese ce addng ypm vb nly T5 slors d Jhe
pocs elting of he Cement So Hat t get ullicintl,
ardened
 Biologica Trpeilane f lagnesium nd aliunm
kn bddt dy onlan adbt 259 gle, 12oo9 Ga,93le
tmd o- 69 ¢u.
o

>Cloaphyll ontbim ageHU)

he Calium onenlralan in plasma egulalesa1 alat loomgl
alum mainlatnedy luo homDN)Gllonin andpaahy'od.
a Conlicsly beins Selubiliued ned edefatlid h the erlend
oHoo y per day vnb hlasrna.