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The Philippines is one of the most disaster-prone countries in the world. Communities like Brgy
BLISs are often affected by natural hazards such as typhoons, earthquakes, and floods. These
events put lives and properties at serious risk, especially when people are not given timely and
accurate information. In many local areas, traditional communication methods like verbal
announcements, printed flyers, or community messengers are still the norm. Unfortunately, these
methods are often too slow or unreliable when a disaster strikes, leaving families confused and
unprepared.
Today, even in low-income communities, mobile phones are widely used. This presents an
opportunity to improve disaster preparedness and response using mobile technology. According
to a study by Aydin, Can, and colleagues in 2016, mobile-based systems help communities
become more resilient. These systems can send alerts instantly, help people report their
conditions, and allow authorities to respond quickly. Even the simplest applications or text
messaging services can greatly improve how communities react during emergencies.

Most of the existing disaster systems, however, are built for cities or require internet access. This
makes them hard to use in small communities like Brgy BLISs, where internet connection can be
unstable or unavailable. Research by Puttinaovarat and Horkaew in 2020 showed that simple
mapping tools and mobile systems can be used without the internet by using satellite data and
GPS. Their work proved that effective disaster tools do not have to be expensive or complicated.
What matters is that the system is easy to use, works in real time, and fits the needs of the local
community.
Community involvement is also a powerful part of disaster management. Cicek and Kantarci in
2023 discussed how residents with smartphones can become active contributors by sending
reports, photos, and locations during a disaster. This method, known as mobile crowdsensing,
gives officials a better understanding of what is happening on the ground. It also allows residents
to take part in keeping their community safe. In Brgy BLISs, this can lead to quicker responses,
better coordination, and a stronger sense of responsibility among the people.
Finally, responding to a disaster is not just about early warnings. It is also about what happens
afterward. Injuries need to be treated, families need shelter, and help must be given quickly.
Musa and his team developed a mobile system that tracks and supports the medical needs of
flood victims. Inspired by their approach, this study proposes a mobile-based disaster
preparedness and evacuation information system for Brgy BLISs. It will allow alerts to be sent
quickly, reports to be collected even without internet, and data to be shared with government
agencies when needed. The goal is to build a safer, stronger, and more informed community that
can respond better to any disaster
This study aims to address these challenges by developing a mobile-based disaster
preparedness and evacuation remote information system specifically tailored to the needs of
Brgy BLISs. The system will provide timely alerts, collect community status reports, and
facilitate communication between residents and local authorities, even with minimal internet
access.
To support this goal, the study will answer the following specific questions:
1. What features should the system have to send alerts to both smartphone and basic phone
users?
2. How can the system allow residents to report their status without relying on internet
access?
3. How can the system support local authorities in collecting data and coordinating disaster
response effectively?

 To design a mobile-based system that delivers real-time disaster alerts to both smartphone
and basic mobile phone users.

 To develop a reporting feature that allows residents to submit their location and safety status
with or without internet connectivity.

 To create a centralized platform for local officials to receive, manage, and act on community
reports and alerts efficiently.

 To ensure that the system is simple, accessible, and usable for residents regardless of their
technical knowledge or economic status.

 To simulate disaster scenarios to test the system’s functionality, responsiveness, and

effectiveness in real-world conditions
The implementation of a mobile-based disaster preparedness and evacuation information
system significantly improves disaster communication, reporting, and response in Brgy
BLISs, especially in areas with limited internet access and low-income households

Diffusion of Innovations Theory (Rogers, 1962)

This theory explains how new technologies are adopted within a community. It supports the idea
that mobile-based systems can be effectively introduced and accepted in Brgy BLISs if the
system is perceived as useful, accessible, and easy to use. The theory guides how the system
should be presented and deployed to ensure adoption by both tech-savvy and less tech-oriented
residents.
2. Crisis and Emergency Risk Communication (CERC) Model
Developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the CERC model
emphasizes the importance of timely, accurate, and understandable information during
emergencies. The model underlines the need for communication systems that function even
under infrastructure stress — which aligns with the goal of designing a disaster system that
works with or without the internet.
3. Technology Acceptance Model (TAM)
TAM suggests that perceived usefulness and ease of use are major factors influencing people’s
willingness to adopt new technology. By ensuring the mobile system is simple and effective,
especially for residents with limited resources or technical skills, this model supports the
likelihood of the system being embraced by the Brgy BLISs community.
4. Community-Based Disaster Risk Reduction (CBDRR) Framework
This framework promotes involving local communities in disaster planning and response. It
emphasizes that local knowledge and participation are crucial in managing risk effectively. This
study applies CBDRR by enabling residents to report their status and location, making them
active contributors in disaster response efforts.
This study is anchored on the need to improve disaster communication, status reporting, and
response coordination in Brgy BLISs using mobile technology that works regardless of internet
availability or residents’ economic background.
The proposed system consists of three main components:
1. Alert Delivery System
This module will handle the distribution of early warnings and critical disaster updates. It will
send messages through SMS for basic phones and notifications for smartphone users, ensuring
inclusivity.
2. Status Reporting Module
This part of the system allows residents to submit real-time updates about their condition and
location during disasters. The feature will be designed to function with minimal or no internet,
using SMS or offline mobile app data caching.
3. Community Response Dashboard
A centralized dashboard will be developed for local officials to monitor reports, view real-time
data, and coordinate response efforts efficiently. This platform will store data and allow
synchronization with higher disaster management agencies when connectivity is available.
Framework Flow:
Input:
 Community demographics and mobile access
 Types of disasters common to the area
 Internet availability and communication infrastructure
Process:
 Design and development of the mobile-based system
 Implementation of alert and reporting mechanisms
 Data collection, storage, and synchronization
Output:
 A functioning disaster preparedness and evacuation system
 Increased awareness, faster communication, and better coordination during emergencies
 Inclusion of both smartphone and basic phone users
Outcome:
  Improved disaster preparedness in Brgy BLISs
 Faster evacuation and safer responses
 Better-informed decision-making by local authorities
This framework ensures the integration of community needs with technology to deliver an
accessible and effective disaster management solution.
This research is essential as it aims to provide a practical and inclusive solution to the ongoing
issues surrounding disaster preparedness and evacuation in Brgy BLISs. The area struggles with
limited connectivity, low household income, and poor access to critical information during
emergencies. By creating a mobile-based system that can function on both basic phones and
smartphones, the study seeks to ensure that no resident is left behind in times of disaster.
For community members, the system will offer an easy-to-use platform for receiving timely
warnings and reporting their safety status, whether or not they have access to the internet.
For local officials, the system will serve as a centralized tool to track incident reports, manage
responses, and communicate with other disaster management bodies, improving overall
efficiency during crises.
For emergency personnel, the information collected through the system will help identify
urgent needs, guide rescue efforts, and ensure that aid is delivered where it is most needed.
For developers and researchers, this study adds to the body of knowledge in disaster
technology by presenting a model tailored to communities with minimal digital infrastructure.
In the long run, the project aims to strengthen disaster resilience and community safety through
cost-effective and inclusive digital solutions suited to the realities of Brgy BLISs.
Scope
This study focuses on the development and implementation of a mobile-based disaster
preparedness and evacuation remote information system specifically designed for Brgy BLISs.
The system will support both smartphone and basic mobile phone users by providing real-time
alerts, status reporting features, and a centralized dashboard for local authorities. The platform is
intended to work with or without internet connectivity, making it accessible even in low-resource
settings.
The system will be tested through simulated disaster scenarios to evaluate its performance in
delivering alerts, collecting community status reports, and assisting local decision-making. Data
gathered will include user feedback, system responsiveness, and effectiveness in communication
during disaster events.
Delimitation
This study is limited to Brgy BLISs and does not include neighboring barangays or larger
municipal or provincial systems. The system is designed for use in natural disasters such as
typhoons, floods, and earthquakes and does not cover man-made hazards like armed conflicts or
pandemics.
The study focuses solely on the technical and functional aspects of the system. It does not cover
in-depth analysis of community psychological responses to disasters or long-term recovery
efforts. Additionally, the system’s effectiveness depends on user participation and the availability
of mobile network signals, which may vary during severe disasters.
 Disaster Preparedness – The proactive planning and activities conducted to reduce the risks
and effects of disasters, aiming to protect lives, infrastructure, and resources before a disaster
occurs.
 Evacuation – The organized process of moving individuals from unsafe areas to secure
locations during emergencies to ensure their safety and reduce casualties.
 Mobile-Based System – A digital platform developed to function on mobile devices,
enabling users to access services such as alerts and reporting through phones.
 Remote Information System – A system that enables communication and data exchange
between users and authorities even when they are in geographically separate locations.
 SMS (Short Message Service) – A mobile communication method used to send and receive
short text-based messages without requiring internet access.
 Smartphone – A mobile device with internet connectivity and the ability to install
applications, used for receiving push alerts and submitting reports in the system.
 Basic Phone – A non-smart mobile phone with limited capabilities, usually supporting calls
and SMS only, included in the system design to ensure accessibility.
 Status Report – A message submitted by users to report their safety status, location, and
condition during a disaster, which is stored in the system for monitoring and response.
 Community Hub – The local system component responsible for storing alerts and reports
and synchronizing with external disaster response agencies.
 Alert Notification – A real-time message sent through the system to warn users about
incoming or ongoing disasters, helping them to respond quickly and appropriately.
 Disaster Management – A comprehensive process involving the preparation, response,
recovery, and mitigation of the effects of disasters on human lives and property.
 Simulation – A controlled and artificial setup that mimics real-life disaster conditions used to
test the effectiveness of the system without risking actual harm.
 User Registration – The process of enrolling users into the system, which includes collecting
personal details such as mobile number and device type for accurate service delivery.
 Connectivity – The ability of devices to communicate through mobile networks or the
internet. In this study, the system is designed to function with low or no internet connectivity
In recent years, mobile technology has played an increasingly important role in disaster
preparedness and response. A study by Aydin et al. (2016) highlighted how mobile-based systems
help communities become more resilient by providing quick access to information, improving
communication, and coordinating responses more effectively. Their research found that sending
alerts through mobile apps and platforms helped reduce reaction time and allowed people to
respond more appropriately in emergencies.
Similarly, Puttinaovarat and Horkaew (2020) explored how remote sensing and mobile GIS can
work together to better manage floods. Their system helped local authorities monitor vulnerable
areas and send warnings faster, which is especially helpful in flood-prone communities. By
combining mobile technology with environmental data, they showed how disasters can be
tracked and addressed more effectively.
In another study, Musa et al. (n.d.) developed a mobile system specifically for managing the
medical needs of flood victims. This system helped emergency teams access and update patient
records in real time, even in crowded evacuation centers. Their work proved that mobile tools
can also support healthcare delivery during disasters, which is critical in places where access to
hospitals or clinics may be limited.
Cicek and Kantarci (2023) looked into the idea of using mobile crowdsensing—where everyday
people share real-time information through their phones during disasters. Their findings showed
that involving the public in reporting incidents can give authorities more accurate and timely
updates. Although they also pointed out challenges like verifying data, their study supports using
mobile platforms as a way to connect communities with response teams.
Damaševičius et al. (2023) introduced a concept called the Internet of Emergency Services
(IoES), where mobile devices and sensors are connected to help manage disaster responses. This
setup allows responders to collect and share real-time information quickly, making rescue and
relief efforts more efficient. Their work shows how technology can bridge communication gaps,
especially in areas with limited resources.
Khan et al. (2022) also highlighted the use of drones in disaster response. Their research
explained how drones, combined with mobile systems, can help identify damaged areas, locate
survivors, and map evacuation paths. This kind of technology is especially useful when it’s
dangerous or difficult for people to reach certain locations right away.
Lastly, Kirpalani (2024) emphasized the use of geospatial tools for improving disaster response
and recovery. According to their study, having access to real-time location data helps responders
make better decisions, plan evacuations more effectively, and manage resources on the ground.
This supports the idea of developing a mobile-based system tailored to the needs of local
communities like Brgy BLISs.
3.1 Research Design
This study utilizes a developmental research design to create and evaluate a mobile-based
disaster preparedness and evacuation remote information system for Brgy BLISs. The
developmental design focuses on building a system prototype and assessing its effectiveness in
improving communication, preparedness, and coordination during disasters, especially in areas
with limited connectivity and resources.
3.2 Research Locale
The study will be conducted in Brgy BLISs, a local barangay that is vulnerable to various
natural disasters such as typhoons, earthquakes, and floods. The barangay includes a significant
number of low-income families, many of whom do not have access to advanced technologies or
stable internet connections.
3.3 Participants of the Study
The participants include:
 Barangay residents (including both mobile phone users and non-users)
 Barangay officials
 Disaster Risk Reduction and Management (DRRM) volunteers
 Health workers or emergency responders
Purposive sampling will be used to select participants who can provide feedback on the
functionality, accessibility, and usefulness of the system.
3.4 System Development Method
The Agile methodology will be used in developing the system. Agile allows for iterative
development with constant feedback from users. This approach ensures that the system evolves
based on real user needs and adapts to challenges specific to the barangay setting. The
development process will include the following phases:
1. Requirements Gathering – Through interviews and consultations with local officials
and residents.
2. Design and Prototyping – Interface and functionality design based on gathered
requirements.
3. Development – Coding of both the mobile app (for smartphone users) and SMS-based
system (for feature phone users).
4. Testing – System will undergo unit testing, integration testing, and user acceptance
testing.
5. Deployment – The system will be implemented in a pilot setting in Brgy BLISs.
 6. Evaluation – Feedback will be collected and analyzed for further improvements.
3.5 Data Gathering Procedure
Data will be collected through:
 Surveys and Interviews – Conducted before and after the pilot testing to assess
awareness, satisfaction, and ease of use.
 System Logs – Automatically generated by the mobile application and SMS gateway to
record alert transmissions, responses, and status reports.
 Observation – Real-time drills and simulations will be monitored to evaluate system
effectiveness.
3.6 Data Analysis
 Quantitative data (from surveys) will be analyzed using descriptive statistics such as
frequency, percentage, and mean to determine user satisfaction and system performance.
 Qualitative data (from interviews and observations) will be analyzed thematically to
identify recurring issues, strengths, and areas for improvement.
 System performance metrics such as alert delivery time, report submission time, and
uptime will also be measured.
3.7 Tools and Technologies
 Mobile application (Android-based) for users with smartphones
 SMS-based system for users without smartphones or internet
 Central database to store alerts and status reports
 Python for backend system development
 Twilio or similar SMS gateway for alert distribution
 Local server or offline data caching to support low-connectivity operation
3.8 Ethical Considerations
 Informed consent will be obtained from all participants.
 All data collected will be kept confidential and used solely for research purposes.
 The system will not collect any unnecessary personal information.
 Users will be informed about how their data is used and stored