جامعة األزهر
كلية العلوم اإلسالمية األزهرية للطالب الوافدين
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المادة ENGLISH:
بيانات الطالب
رقم الجلوس 17225: اسم الطالب :نور عيفا بنت مزلن بن أحمد
العام الجامعي 2020: الفرقة :ثالثة
اإليميل : الشعبة :أصول الدين
aifanur2511@gmail.com
المـادة
ENGLISH المادة
تقييم المشروع البحثي (درجة البحث)
مجموعة الدرجات كتابة
توقيع الصحيحين
د/ د /إبراهيم
جامعة األزهر
كلية العلوم اإلسالمية األزهرية للطالب الوافدين
البحث
Family As The Nucleus Of Society
1. How has Allah honoured man?
Allah has honoured man by making him His vicegerent on earth and
entrusting him with the population of the earth.
2. Why has Islam given considerable importance to marriage?
As the basic step in forming the family which is the nucleus of society.
3. What is the corner stone in any society whether primitive or
advanced in cultured?
The family
4. What is the significant mission for which man has been created?
It is the serving of Allah and the fulfilment of His Will.
5. What does the family provide its members with?
The family provides its members with a sense of
belonging,interdependence and of being wanted.
6. What are the three major relationships on which Islam lays great
stress?
They are the conjugal relationship between husband and wife,the parent-
child relationship,the siblings relationship.
7. How could the couple,husband and wife treat each other in Islam?
They should treat each other with mutual respect,love,concern and
constant attention.
8. What is the wife-mother’s role in the Muslim family?
The wife-mother’s role is bringing up the children and providing
love,affection and warm gentle care for her family members.
جامعة األزهر
كلية العلوم اإلسالمية األزهرية للطالب الوافدين
9. What’s the husband’s role in the Muslim family?
The husband is bread is winner of the family and who provides protection
from the external world.
10. What is the pattern of siblings relationship?
It is one of equality,love and mutual regard and concern.
COMPOSITION
It is undeniable fact that Allah has honoured man by making him His ricigerent
on earth and entrusting him with the population of the earth.This aim cannot be
attained except through reproduction in an organized whole some manner,i.e.
through the institution of marriage. Islam has given considerable importance to
marriage as the basic step in forming the family which is the nucleus of
society.The family, certainly, is the corner-stone in any society whether
primitive or advanced in culture. It is regarded as the training ground for the
individual to fave the wider world and achieve the significant mission for which
he has been created,i.e. the serving of Allah and the fulfilment of His Will. Islam
recognizes the importance of the family as an institution which provides its
members with asense of belonging, interdependence and of being
wanted.through it,the individual satisfies his biological and psychological needs
namely food, clothing, shelter, protection and security.
TRANSLATION
1. The engagement in a job or an occupation should not lead to
inattentiveness or indifference by one of the spouse towards the other.
.االنشغال ابملهام أو الوظائف أو األعمال جيب أال يؤدي إىل عدم االكرتاث واملباالة من أحدمها جتاه اآلخر
جامعة األزهر
كلية العلوم اإلسالمية األزهرية للطالب الوافدين
2. The roles of the spouse according to Islam, cannot be identical or the same,
but reciprocal and complementary.
.الزوجني طبقا لإلسالم ال ميكن أن تكون هذه األدوار متطابقة أو متحدة بل هي أدوار متكاملة متبادلة
3. The wife should be a tremendous source of strength to her husband in
facing the hazards of life.
.وجيب أن تكون الزوجة هي مصدر القوة اهلائلة للزوج يف مواجهة صعاب احلياة
4. A well-structured and harmonized family could function properly and
efficiently in the society.
.أن األسرة القوية املتما سكة البنيان ميكن أن تؤدي وظيفتها على أكمل وجه وبشكل أكثر فعالية يف اجملتمع
GRAMMAR
1. Allah (honour) has honoured man since his creation.
2. Islam (realize) has realized already the importance of the family as the
corner-stone of society.
3. For many centuries Islam (give) had gave due attention to the internal
relation within the family.
4. The western civilation (understand not) have not understand yet the true
essence of Islam.
5. Before Islam men (deprive) had deprived women from their rights.
6. After Islam (come) had came, humanity (attain) attained progress.
7. Before Islam (emerge) emerged, men (treat) had treated women in a
humiliating manner.
8. Before the advent of Islam society (give not) had not given due concern to
the family.
9. As soon as Islam (begin) had began, women no more (be) were ill treated.
10. Since its advent,Islam (consider) has consider the family the building
black of society.
جامعة األزهر
كلية العلوم اإلسالمية األزهرية للطالب الوافدين
Marriage As An Islamic Institution
1. Why is marriage considered a sacred institution?
Because marriage is the fundamental institution which aims at establishing
the family, the first unit of society.
2. What are the aims of marriage according to Islam?
The aims of marriage are the multiplication of human race, establishing the
family (It protects family against all forms of corruption in order to develop
the psychological health of men, women and children).
3. Why is a Muslim woman not allowed to get married to a
nonMuslim?
Because man is the leader of the family and may render his Muslim wife,
directly or indirectly, to his religion.
4. Why must a divorced woman wait for a certain period before she
gets married to another man?
To avoid any confusion that may arise concerning the father of any
probable embryo.
5. When should each of the two parts of dowry paid to the wife?
The advance dowry is paid upon contracting marriage and the deffered
dowry is paid upon the termination of the marriage whether by death or
separation.
6. Why is the advice of the young girls’s father of guardian justified?
Because a young girl might not have enough experience to choose the
right man.
7. Why is divorce rare among Muslims?
Because they follow the teachings of the Quran that the Prophet (PBUH)
declared divorce to be the most hateful of permitted practices.
جامعة األزهر
كلية العلوم اإلسالمية األزهرية للطالب الوافدين
8. What must be done before a husband finally resorts to divorce?
All means to effect reconciliation must be exhausted.
9. When must divorce follow?
When either husband on wife finds that it is impossible to continue living
together.
10. What are the duties of the two judges in the cases of shiqaq?
The reconciliation between husband and wife.The Qur’ah says: “And if
you fear a breach (shiqaq) between the two then appoint a judge from his
kin and a judge from her kin; if they both desire agreement, Allah will
effect harmony between them”(4:35)
COMPOSITION
Marriage according to Islam, is the fundamental institution which aims at
establishing the family, the first unit of society.Thus marriage is a sacred
institution that must be protected from any harm.Marriage in Islam partly aims at
the multiplication of human race.Psychologists and sociologists agree that the
best environment for the growth of a child is his family.That is why Islam
encourages marriage and protects family against all forms of corruption in order
to develop the psychological health of men, women and children.Without
marriage, there would be no psychologically balanced human life for adults or
for children.When a man plans to marry a certain women, he makes a proposal
of marriage to her or to her parents or her guardian. In the meantime, no man
else can propose to the same woman until the first man withdraws his proposal
or is rejected.The reason here is to avoid any enmity caused by quarrelling over
marrying a certain woman.In Islam marriage should be based on the consent of
both sides,i.e. husband and wife
جامعة األزهر
كلية العلوم اإلسالمية األزهرية للطالب الوافدين
TRANSLATION
1. Marriage, according to Islam, is the fundamental institutin which aims at
establishing the family.
.الزواج طبقا لإلسالم هو نظام جوهري يهدف إىل أتسيس األسرة
2. The dowry is divided into advance dowry and deffered dowry.
.ينقسم الصداق إىل مقدم الصداق و مؤخره
3. The Quran declared divorce to be the most hateful of permitted practices.
.القرآن فقد أعلن أن الطالق هو أبغض احلالل
4. Not only must there be a good reason for divorce, but all means to effect
reconciliation must be exhausted before resorting to this extreme measure.
وال يكف ضرورة وجود سبب قوي للطالق لكن جيب أيضا استنفاد مجيع سبل إحداث الواثق قبل اللجوء إىل هذا
.اإلجراء املتطرف
5. In the Quran disagreement between husband and wife is called shiqaq
(from the word shaqq meaning breaking into two)
.)إن مثل هذا اخلالف بني الزوج و الزوجة هو ما يطلق عليه القرآن اسم الشقاق (من الفعل شق مبعىن انقسم وانفصل
GRAMMAR
1. Marriage must be protected from any harm.
2. Without the family, there would be no psychologically balanced human
life.
3. A divorced woman or a widow must wait for a certain period before she
gets married to another man.
4. In spite of the facility with which divorce may be effected, it takes place
only rarely.
5. All means to effect reconciliation must be exhausted before resorting to
divorce.
جامعة األزهر
كلية العلوم اإلسالمية األزهرية للطالب الوافدين
6. The impression that a Muslim husband can divorce his wife at his mere
wish is a grave mistake.
7. The Quran refers to several causes when divorce may become necessary.
8. When either husband or wife finds himself or herself unable to live
together, divorce must follow.
9. If the two judges desire agreement, Allah will effect harmony between
them.
Inheritage In Islam
1. What were women deprived of before Islam?
Women were deprived of the right to inherit from parents or husbands
before Islam.
2. What did Islam do for women concering inheritance?
When Islam came, it put an end to this injustice and solved the problem of
inheritance.
3. What are the principals of inheritance in Islam?
They are observing justice in the distribution of the dead person’s property
and distributing wealth among the greatest number of possible heirs.
4. What right does Islam give to the wife, the husband and parents?
Islam gives the wife the right to inherit a part of her husband’s wealth and
gives a similar right to the husband upon his wife’s death. Islam gives both
parents the right to inherit a part of their son’s or daughter’s property.
جامعة األزهر
كلية العلوم اإلسالمية األزهرية للطالب الوافدين
5. What should be done before distributing the property of a dead
person?
According to Islam the first thing to do is to pay his debts before
distributing any property to heirs.
6. What are the two conditions of will-making?
The first condition is that the beneficiary of the will cannot be an heir. The
second condition is that a person cannot go beyond one third of his
property in his will.
7. Mention all the possible heirs of a dead person?
Heirs in Islam include the wife, the husband, all sons, all daughters, and
both parents, grandsons, the grandfather and the grandmother, brothers,
sisters, uncles, aunts and other relatives in some cases.
8. What are the difference between inheritance in Islam and in non-
Islamic societies?
Islam gives all sons and all daughters the right to inherit. In some non-
Islamic societies, only the eldest son inherits. In some others, only sons
inherit with the exclusion of daughters.
9. Is it fair for a woman to inherit half the share of a man? Why?
Yes, because the male has more financial responsibilities than the female.
10. Why do parents inherit in all cases?
Because they do much and sacrifice much for the sake of their children.
جامعة األزهر
كلية العلوم اإلسالمية األزهرية للطالب الوافدين
COMPOSITION
When Islam came, it put an end to this injustice and solved the problem of
inheritance in the light of two principles:observing justice in the distribution of
the dead person’s property, as well ass distributing wealth among the greatest
number of possible heirs. Islam gives the wife the right to the inherit a part of her
husband’s wealth and gives a similar right to the husband upon his wife’s death.
Islam gives both parents the right to inherit a part of their father’s or mother’s
property. When a person dies,the first thing to do,according to Islam,is to pay
his debts before distributing any property to heirs.After paying debts, his will is
carried out provided that no heir is included in the will because an heir to
benefit from the general system of inheritance distribution. After paying the
debts and executing the terms of the will, if there is any,what remains is
distributed among heirs. Heirs in Islam include the wife,the husband, all
daughters, and both parents. They also include grandsons if the dead person’s
sons are dead, the grandfather if his father is dead and the grandmother if his
mother is dead.
جامعة األزهر
كلية العلوم اإلسالمية األزهرية للطالب الوافدين
TRANSLATION
”…1. “Heirs in Islam include
بني الورثة الذين يدخل فيهم طبقا لإلسالم الزوجة والزوج ومجيع األبناء ومجيع األبناء ومجيع البنات والوالدين ،وكذا
األحفاد إذا كان أبناء املتوىف ميتني ،واجلد إذا كان األب ميتا ،واجلدة إذا كانت األم ميتة ،كما ميكن أن يدخل يف
الورثة أيضا األخوة واألخوات واألعمام والعمات وغريهم من األقارب يف بعض احلاالت.
”…2. “In Islam,a daughter takes half the share of a son
ويف اإلسالم أتخذ البنت نصف نصيب االبن عند موت أحد الوالدين ،وهذا األمر ظاهره عدم املساواة لكنه يف الواقع
مساواة فعلية؛ ألنه يف اإلسالم يتحمل الذكر مسئوليات مالية أكثر مما تتحمله األنثى:فالزوج هو املسئول ماليا عن
زوجته وأوالده .وعليه فإذا كان الذكر هو الذي يتحمل املسئوليات األكرب فمن اإلنصاف أن أيخذ يف املرياث نصيبا
أكرب من نصيب األنثى.
”…3. “In Islam, each parents has a sixth of what is left
ولكل واحد من الوالدين ،يف اإلسالم ،سدس ما ترك ابنهما إذا كان من مات من أوالدمها له ولد ،لكن إذا مل يكن له
ولد وورثه أبواه فقط فألمه الثلث وألبيه الثلثان.
جامعة األزهر
كلية العلوم اإلسالمية األزهرية للطالب الوافدين
GRAMMAR
1. If the dead person’s daughters (die) die before him, grand daughters
(inherit) will inherit.
2. If the dead person’s father (die) died before him, the grandfather (inherit)
would inherit.
3. The grandmother (inherit) will inherit if the dead person’s mother (die)
before him.
4. The wife (inherit) will inherit if the husband (die) die.
5. If the wife (die) died before her husband, he (inherit) would inherit.
6. Parents (inherit) inherit if their son or daughter (die) die before them.
7. If the father or the mother (die) die all children (inherit) will inherit.
8. If there (be) was a debts, heirs (pay) would pay it before distributing the
property.
9. If a dead person (have) has one child or more, each of his parents (inherit)
would have inherited a sixth of the property.
10. But if the parents (be) were sale heirs, the mother (take) took one
third of the property, and the father (take) took two thirds.
جامعة األزهر
كلية العلوم اإلسالمية األزهرية للطالب الوافدين
فهرس الموضوعات
number title pages
1 Family As The Nucleus Of Society 1-3
2 Marriage As An Islamic Institution 3-6
3 Inheritage In Islam 6-11
