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Surgery 1

The document discusses various medical conditions including tumors, tetanus, carbuncles, and lymphadenopathy, detailing their causes, symptoms, and treatment options. It highlights the significance of proper diagnosis and management, including surgical interventions and antibiotic treatments. Additionally, it addresses complications and the importance of understanding the underlying pathology for effective care.
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
16 views178 pages

Surgery 1

The document discusses various medical conditions including tumors, tetanus, carbuncles, and lymphadenopathy, detailing their causes, symptoms, and treatment options. It highlights the significance of proper diagnosis and management, including surgical interventions and antibiotic treatments. Additionally, it addresses complications and the importance of understanding the underlying pathology for effective care.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
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Hasue of a particulor Wherein 4b js arnauged Aaphazardly « OP is moka dinieal AiaguesiZ - clovelopmout an alpormation of ner of He bly _erqusplok ‘- Haernangidroa Nevpofiororna » Wiornus timeur, Aguephanyoma *Theg are Zeon at binth OF an earmy chitdhood + —_C—-rSrmrhrhTmhD H/o swelling - + Tey oe eo (ogi, et oul e DE doce nok hove a CopRete © “Wey are ough teins - “Treasuent in 2 excigion a certeck Aiagnosis - 4 DOr Orly Aupatve but able gives token 4b Containt Veseuwon * care Showd re, tekon eured HAsue Lggue, uch oF aernangioma of ag An cates Of neuro fibroma - Cy (2)_Tetanus + > Tetanug (8 a Renioug AiZordor caused ry toxin G the cloatnidium teroni affecking nervous Bysteras Bive Nsegz to rmugela Contnactton of Neck) buck nol jaw rmusclog - Routes of Anfection = — 1) vinbilical, cord (fn neonater) 2) Minor injuries with rusted nails- 3) Seple abortion Of Supple operedtio na > We forin ,ouce fixed to He nervoud tiAgut ) Cannot be reuttalisecl - However circulating toxin’ vray te. Neutralize + Clhetesh Features 2 e Autonomic dygfuuction ~ Ducreaec Bofal sympatohic tone. Monifeits 08 tethycorelias AladeLer | Bowel, dysfunction » Lobide. HTN) PYrexio. /Patlor, ics © Epigode? of brady Mrdia y Low Loutnal Venous prewurer ance exen cardiac anneat (dun te fparasyrupameri® dip favetron) © compercations Juchuole Pretrmonia ) UTE ete “Treatment of established Tetorus J.) weneral Managewout WAdwiggion and 4zolation @blourd. care ©hiy. THareyg toxoid osmt 1 @pviitelorug — serum LATS) So) d00 Units 2M ancl S0)d00 unitg Slow fv- @tluman antitetonug Webwlin 000 -yooo 43 211 © Ty. crystallie peuicillin Je OP — Gh hourly as Dee (#0" a0 aay) a Ww ath hourly for ® Merronidarcte, SOO my Pend llin- do days. TH 1B more effestive 4han © pier recovery 1 dull Jyoretmization with telorud toxoid. ig feguired- @® _specnene Ma . (A) sap cases ‘= —ouly tonic. Apidity veitheuk spagre of clysbhagia - © Benzodiazepines R Morphine ack Coutally Jo yririmige to effect? to +ebanespasrdin- © Chlorpromazine (ot-recopte blocker) 45 may} Syroprahc. OFT - (©) Senvousty fn Cases = Wey Pave. Aysphagia. and reflex Spasms - = Nasogopnic 4ube Uber yecding ) ~ Tracheostomy (i apreaduiing aippicull arises) ©) _dongeroyaty al) cose8 = G convulsions ® Magne zine sutphare 4 be. ured fe Afeat- autoronl& core pucaton om control shaares © ~ Major oyaneti © -compnenTtons + 4) Aspiratio® 2) Loryrgeat spasm anc. respinatory arregt y Cig aqorhy tries « 3) cardiac @B)_CARBUNCLE > © Thig is cm infective gegrene of the. SubLutoneous Haaut Caused by Staphylococcus auteng . Dk Comvnouly cceuns in diabetic patients « > Patents with poor tmmuuikg Of those. Undergoing Fodivtetapy may alse davelep Carbuncle - Osites . nape of we neck (Mle) Gack Shoulder Kiduey © farmotogy = 2 Sjuce, the majorihy of patients — ne. diabetic Angecton taker oO Nino = Counae. and fests dn gubcutancouws for nechenls 5 ging nie to multiple abscesses > There abstesses ane dtercommuicatug ord chen to the extenior chy multiple. seeve- Life, cpeniags * > “Thig apeanames, 18 ‘Known at Lnibiform appeanauce. vole. 1g -pathognomic ofa Carbernele. « © Clinical features © severe pain and swelllkg in phe nape Of Hho. veck « © conta Honal Symptoms ) Buck ag fever vith child and rigors © Red trot coal tike Surface © cribiforn appenrewes. @Meotweur (3) Diabetes contro! (a) Autibioticg + cloxatillin (dec) (8) sungery = A cruciate ivcision és trefente! bez of oil absceyses ant exreusive Saboulanasnt Necresi® - eT6 > Gages of tha Skin flap are excised He Aug is Afahed, toculi are broker down, Slough. 18, excised ancl the. covity 8 with aubizeptic.» aged trig ate ck \ fii» 4 Db + DDD Dehra aAa. @ Snbussus.ception > Telorcoping, of ow Jooioel, Loop tuto anoHer . Srtugsuscoplum £ A tov dak goet Anside- Tntassuzdpens Receiving dovp - > Meck = Natrowest Pert Apex < Mech Common site. for dachouia - Sib 2- — evistenaion eNomitivg anct chatipation © Pain [draws up 4093 Gud. ery) Tres + 2 typea . 1° >2° Prima; 3 2° to @ palhelegical teak oa a a. Poiut * chidten [6r~2 yr) See eiae ° Propeged, Mechows rn: * secondary 30 Ha Lotion. Hapeirebhy of Aduts “ a children: foyer's oben * Polyb ae * Diversion S Lae © Mic overatt ? Bleo- celic © Tuysour ~peatphorea, © Colo—colic © Recument __fnvestgations 3 fihal Sweshgation + Afoy abdonoy % GC + childtem (usu) —> Bond Sign | Pseudtekiauny Adultz (ect) fgn c OnMZt Cnewa > Claw sign | piace 6390 Manogement 5 © Lontragt enema i8 both ciagnoshe & trarorpene in AntuB3 UA8 Corption + * Dreliceions for Sufgery (Resection & anagternesia) : 4) Recurrent Pntussusaepion Ui) 22. Podbotegical Lend Pout wi) Perforation iy) strongutation . ® cuetepocHAL CYST + > Cystic dilation of the Aeiliary 4re0.- ® Tedani | modified Alonso -Lej Classificcabion : Tyke 1) Cystic. citation of the CBD Ceormrnon Bile duct ] “pe 9 Divertendue of cD Type Tr = ditaton of intractup clonal -portion of CBD [ Cheladochorete) “Wyre Do - WA > Tira + Extronopatie biliary tree ditatesd WS. owy extrahepatic xillory trea ditated Tye: Ditation of ouly wtrakspatic biliary iree D Lystic clilation Leadg to + a) Aueffective drainage Of tifa > Toundica 4) Ted Risk of Lhotonpio carcinoma toy.) Lit “r (pregeuts in children). Lump * Jaundice. © Pain Loe t- MRCP (Maguctic Regerouce, -Chotangiopaucresicgropiy) —_Mavagewent = SoRme ry > Prive Pus of Surgery» cptoctive anainage * Remove, abnermat smuceg.a [Te Reds cise of Oo) * “Bie 12} Roux-en-y hepatidogejureatory- “Type Bs > Cur diverticulum Repair CBP- Roux-en-Y herp atico Je junestomy - Tyre M 2 > GREP + —Shhin cterotomy Type WA BSE. Liver transplau- > Kagai prococtune. ® © Rederd lear + ‘Basod cai carcinoma } Baga Tell orcinsma are oOZt Common Lauer of Skin and. accouds for bo74- of ALL Skin Cancels © eriotegy = © Sxpadures of UV Pays of fre Sun © XNay — Anpediotivn © prgewic » Burn and. Senna © trevetic: digorters Uxenc derma pigrentozum , Albinigm) © Fain Skiumed Andivicluet © onigin - = Gazal Aatl catcinema ariges Bore ‘atl ayer of He tpiclanul® dou Decasionally ray arise, from Anogat Coll of Ayoir follitiea of Steak glands - “Tt 12 a Sow gretwing watignouh FIMEUr and erect) fae. oleate HASUE. -Lifte. a Moclouk (rat) Arowee, \! Recto uleer”, = tt Ig alto called ag ‘Ter Loucor” & ‘Turban tumour!” © Shlead': 7 spread. oy toca ination > Lymphatic spread 29 nok geen: F Romotogencuz spiead z alfe very fare © Ler a) 1 D Lig = 9) Ke. commen HR are arounel anne Quck cade conthug ef eye , note, and Nazelabjalfeld ¥) reraiphing ular oP CL noctule s foutal Kecfeclg and selarpiecioaia- a5, mY +loed with ¢) Stow growing » Paiute Sightly > T about Lot of pakeuts » Hey way abe be. founct on the tongue) esophagus » pouty Orat canal or tower dirtb - 9 Treadwes STIL anvenes the complete. fermeval of ho. Jurmour fo achieve, a Cure > Biohsy iz wondatony establish a podustgic, dliagnosis - (3S) excision = - Tor = cura rae 9S¢- (2) Radiotion Thomby:— used tn aren. lore ipgua. preservation <7 dwporrauh . 15 cite le 0% + (3) Leurertage. and. Elecine dogiccation — cure. wede Sse — gwall totions (e2.¢m 4m diawoter? CG) — cryotreraty - ® Topica chemewraroty : - g- Pupreuracil cfearn as been apptid tocoly bur 48 not very succemus - . > Recumac tigease Requires wide. fe.-exdgion . >) (D)_tnoodsSatt’s Rute > Woodsall's Rule is ted to clotenudne the docation bf dnterral cheng 4% cpeuing inside mal. Coral) fectum + 2 Ale to wz fule @An imaginony Line |g drown Through the Anal. Verge ® pry fistula with 4A external efenivg quterion to Nig iE ine. C1° clock Ord)” clock) Y Gtraiguh ond. 0 Pacliat Mach « © Any figtule. with aig extemal cpeulng foaterion to MS dive Lue etoer, or SP clock OF Aled) Curves track that then 2n wddtive. -Postenonty at 6 O'clouR > GrcepHons to tig rule etter Cecuh y if on audenior extemal oped} Ag more {hon Bem croay from tht, onal orifice, 7 Buch fistulas tock do the. peaterion wide an ao eninvediuca rp ouree* Note - ® wwon thare iz an auterior aro. alo a posterior cpeuleg = in the, Baur. Fiatato. ho tule of poaterior opening pple’ « @) Sig woid. Velyutug - 2 Dt TB TA Commenest cause ctoatruction © Africa, eure Onc USA) - * Uunally Mtates (colon) anticlockwige. ground the. axiz of Large bowel ® Predisposing features :- (D Long and narrow mesaubany @ Redundour Sigrneid ® Loaded Symeicl colon: 2 Lornmouly geon in -paheuts : * Psy chiatric Patieuts - « Mahtutionalizedt lasylira » Jail) @® ee =e morte ctisteusion © obstipation © Voultiug ® Pain eo cloged top cbgtruction & Strongutation . @® Lovestygations - % May abdouos + Coffee bean sign, Beut dnnep hibe sign or Omega. Signs Alpex m the nigh Uber Quadfour - Contrast Erowa t Bird's Peale appearouca Poc + CECT (Adulig) , USh (children ) @_ Management = (0) Unsiabee raticnt [Sepsis [tropes genes ‘ bs yl Hattrmow pocedune. > Feffortect bowel Loop if retectedy R pfoxjmal cud 3 taken out 8 Lologtory X distal cud. Boxed - 6) Stele. 2. (we yeoduned of “gkhongulo-bion ap perforation) Sigrmoi de sesple clocompression Lemargeney procedure) pézinitive Mavogenour * Sigmnorclectomy > sagrneid eboxy 3) TupercoLArR LYMPHADENOPATHY © Most commen cause of Weck, Swellitg in Duda. © Whe. Anfections, fences the corvical LN frove : Ui) Taagit, adensidg wd dotal Kanes Gi) From apex of ung: and [iy Hemakeqenoys (rarely) S wow fection Cowes from Fonaié , of actensicl te Anvolves — conex of LN, votade. wroctatie: & = te LN is involve y when injector pp unaxvarige: Potholoay De The LN gets Simply entangect fernains digctete, ond are nob rated - Stage P The eularyed Ayuph rnecles becomes adherent fo ck OF seatled, as wetted Ayupie Neder - Stoge M - Cold abacen formation . 2 DP Lola abscett formation occurs clus. to cageaton within the. Lyaph nedes- > Tr tho -bepinniug , the cDlel abscers Peusins deep. to cleap fasua) often @ few weakt » Me cloop facia -becomes efeded ab cue Polk oncd pus flow prrough thi Amal. opening grom cleep fara. to uberticiat foacia ) MEY amy curb bell Uke, appeoteuce , and. ig fered of cOLLAk STUD ABSCESS Stage @ + PT abseess gradually culorges wel my ofust pegulliig 47 Chrouic cig Chonging cinys & UNCP formahion - @Aliwical feotures = > wore common in rnaknounjzhecl children and young ccluth- 2 Hlo comact with a Juberculon -batiewh > “Longtitutional feature such af malalge 5 1a%pete » eveuig ize fever with sweats 5 Oveuiia anok tors of. weight woy be -preseut + > There. rney be. History Auggerive of Pulrmonony TR Suck 3 LOUgh aro heme btyziz- @® onvestigasions = 1) Blood. exauination 2) Mantoux tear 3) Atay chost 4) “Tuberculor @LtsA 8) PCR 6) @xcizional Bichy - ® ~Weotuout ~ © stage Dard D> > ATT cleugt For at Loast Bmonths - cin the Si2@ of > D4 tnore ig ve chonge. sroelling. excizion of swelling Should, ba clove ~ ©_stage (colt abscor) > Aspiration followect +y ATT Drug > For recurrent Col abscets » 4uciz/on avd. dfainage followed. by Cureraga. cf abscess Lavity it dow.- © Stage D. (Tbereutan snug) »- Lohete. +act along => excizion of the with orgeotivg moc 48 lous vollh qu fouse, of ATT. TO Frey's Syucdmome. Lowaktemy scoring] >This 13 & Common -Cornptications of Rartidectomy Occuming in upto SU/- of Carer - > duni a meals , the. Patol fexion ond te Cheek i frouk of i becomes fed, ok ord painful; Nery goon perspifation appear on IR aren: > Lute neous hyberegtozia 48 also ‘preseuh over Me. aten are becomes eviclonh woisile Shaving - 2 A é Frey's syndrome {6 clue to Ayury +0 quricptemuporal Nene + oat gangliouie YOY [renimerefaugal women) Ditated ductz —> statia of secretion 4 Periductal waghhs (zupke's aisente) qolick 18 Aprezeu OR © Periafeatar abscess | Sinus formation * Bluish | Inreenich dizchange. tmulibe ducks) @iaguesis Zs US + Multitte. ditated ducts Orrousgeven a pudtpaoace (covet + of conasion “perslats , aarobes gud anaecetes] posed prowdure YB done cont erosion of rite Anoe- (us) Breast Abscess + AO Lactational Breast Abscess > Mc onganiams : sfapbylocecens aureus | > Soutee. of Tufection © onepharynx of he. itd Life oPain © genet © Swetling e Cluctation (tate Sign) Diaguosis = USH _Mawageweuk @putibiotics + Arexycillin + clavulaulc. acid on Cloxacillin @ Pnalgericr © Dh pus oprezent \ UStr guided axpitaton (Abtoast 2 atrenspta) \ Faiture. + Dncigion R drainage. + <3 pier 2Rd COdbLYoliu "gy JiNen to Suppress Aacledion > Preventg gigtule. formation « © TM Lose. of Nou boating ahacosl » suipects (a) TB tb) yflarnnatory Breas cameo?» To cain. te, Diagnosis , pivbay doom the walk % W8ion Should. to. enh - @ reas Phscew ajo duc eer © occu in pen — anepausal, oom © Lauses: Aerobic + Anaerebic michober © Diagwesis » VSY Aubin - © Mauagewent > Hoafield’s Procedure. _Lopnto’s ANWINA = *DL tejeng 40 vcetlubitig of the, Sebrmendol owe Submercdiowar fegion& Combivac. with Anflorntnasory Ordena of. the. moulh « * Laugative enganigry ‘Streptococcal, ergaulpng . Anasretes . © Precipitating Jodors = 2) cariex Tooth 2) caucor of He Orb anity 8) calculi in He. Subrnondibalot Gla 4) chemo eraby 5) Combexio. 6) Diabeles © celndcat ontares 3) Elaerly patients -presentig woth fase swelling tn HO subrnordifoulas and. Subwowte (egl0rS - 2) Cede of te. Poor of rnoulh , wtic. Jpuateg tovgu® Upwordy aud (ezulling ay difficulh Sco NOONg » 3) High grote fexer with Jonicily 4) Puri. Valitegis (charsteriztas) . © “heabwout 3) Rea awd. hesbitaligation - 2) Ppbropriate. aniibiolica - 3) BV Jude aud. Fyle’s tube peodiry » 4) Of ates nok tapped. to conserative Heatwordy Supgical alt recommended - ® svevery (vecompressoon ) > Urveeh — geusmat anazathagia, a S-6Cm CUINed Ancigion ig rade. tolowd +e. mandible An the Subrnondibulof pepion oven Je. wes —-prowtart par of Swellite 2 Te — Bubrnomdibwlar glad. i snebitines , the Ynylehyoid —vryada 4 dlivided and) fo bys 4p dmived- > een Hf pus ig not fourd ) he oedemotoug —flirid comes ouk , whic Qreaky dryproves He. Coudition ef Ho. Fraviewk- > The wound ig closed. with eo after lerigasiug, = 2. cavity with = autisepic agends , Qt a drainage. tube 4 teh tn talan. @ KomerLcaTwns 1.) Medio-giinity® awd SA 2.) vpter ainoay obsttucl®M , Strider - pfcemn G4) Steruomasterd Tuynon (cougeuital torticelliz > TRS ig ww a tumour, it 1% a WaNDra?- * Sujury fe gtennomngstoiet luring bi causes Cuphure of fe Hbre ard Patoatowa. Later, nealing §— ocours with Fibrosia ) reaultivg in a Swellitg fp Me wide of, Btennernasteid rousde * AliuicaL “5 Seou in enfautd or chitdren - 3 Firm do ford, 12cm gudlivg inte wsldale of Stefmornaztoid muacle + 4 Tender and Mobile. sidetcays . > Mavy ml are aucdated. WH Tort colliz Theatuenk 2 (rete. rrauipulation of chit’ twad - + physiotherapy to atred. the Shortened ghemormashid rruscle - © Surgical TH t= DIVIIon of dower arttackucuF OF Steromagteid frore Clovicle and sternum with on who Removal of tumb- (5) Thyrogteagal. Cyst = mwee * “Rytogtoszal Cyst Arach + 1S a temnour of thyreplostal © Mc Location > Sub- tyoid i He dive © oD yp Aived ey -paerdogtradified | Gliated., columnan Of — Squarnoug epittelium totic produat deseuomate Chikeliar oll or Trucus at Hweg- AKliuical Features 3 even trough congenital 1 thynogtogzal Cyst abbeand atourd te Age of 1s-30VR - 7 Female 7 Male > To cyst 12 0p , cystic ; Pluctauh, ‘Hramgi lu mination - mnegave. svoellig - + ton be, gin» jhe Jension hin cpt iB tyl- > Thyreglogzal cyst reves vith doglutition auch protrusion of = tougur (sive. He. Hack abrached, te ‘Pore of tovgue) > ~The swelling mere? sideyeoys bub no Vertically, Diognosie = FNPC Theatwouk + Before excigion of Cyst , a tyrrid scm 48 mandatory ance, ty te ouly furchioniep Aryroid gaue.- * Sigttwuk Sungery + Remoal of cysk + 77h Hil Re. bage Of touguc. + Part of hycid bone. LOMPLECATLONS *- 3) Recurreuk Deecton ~2 abecets > 2) Rarely , a -pabillaty — carcinons he hyo zlorzal. cyst 3) Fistula Inyreglossal. fizaala cap occun4n —> 16) Richter's Herwin = 3There ig a very namow dofect cesultig 49 deriation of duly a portor of “bowel tall, Lstite the rest of pre. bowel Aumen Vigorous bowel contractions L Earty preseutation 12 Hastrecuteritig 4 Feritenins / Stravgutation- > Honia veith -narrew clafect con give rise to Rictter's tretuia . Thy ore = 4) Femoral nena 2) obturator Henin. 3) Poroumdyilical, Harcsio > ory cepair iB mondated in PERE terion - 43) Fourmen lnangreue > © Precipating factor + 4) Lew Socio -ecoremic group faheuts . 2) Uphygienic: conditions » : Laugative ofgonisms = 1) Hemetytic streptococci’ 2) Staph ylococed 3) &-cadi u) Rracrobes @ Pathology - “Tfauna , cuts, scratch ; infection \ orgouisre | tress Inflammation obitenive amenity \ _© Teatwouk > ontibioHes are stared ,,01tca ” 3S) Broad - Spectrure culhire Orel sensitivity : pun [¢ Suk for eo Metronitazele, gor onaanebes * uewarmycin for Wrom NE ofgoulsms © propicllin for gram WE ongani suet «© Lobhalo shoring if fequired = ° 2) “Ke gangrenous poron ek he: ceopkne “ba Seon 03 possible to te exdzed Hey Con 42 Amplautect, 9 Sf teamed ore exposed ammation Subsiclez ; Haig 4.0% OK Andt in dg dove to cover re teBHeLez - Skin groghng Us) Pleo morphic adenema 2 ME js the whe Humour of Salivary Horda- > MRA Pewgn turnour - e281 112. stow grog © eresewtation > 1) © 2) Stow growing poreticd. swelling © Risk sacier ~ Radiation Exposure © Poo ~ Aue recdie aspiretion cy tology (enAc) Prvestigation to assert exter of 4290) +s MRE >CT Pasholegy © PLA 1 gene Mutotion © epitelial comporastz +n ryxcick Aakgroure - © owing edge ros Pyer _tike projections Rerponaidle for Ted Recument Rate + + Superficial porotidectory Mavogoweut + ° Maligrau Coprersion of Pleomenpuic. adenoma ir Nidotuma dog (2) Rope tes an S72. yu te painful Swell (2) Pos iat, Nerve. (3) Drvorewsrd at foi (uy Drvolvewsuk Of LN of Neck - (6) ulceration i mixed Maljguast tumeun) carcinoma ex Pzomenbie adenovng L Ret Suryery folfowal hy Radiovernty « aa a. foreign cody fo He sbhocel gtream - chgtruchon, FH pcigert an a Vessel and “pfodistts Clinically wanifesting as severe iscootuia OF aug renee © Causes | RS factors ‘= 1) Srnekers 2) Cardiac Aizentes 3) obesity ¥) Retouk carchiac sumBeny @ Clinical feabures (1) Peripheries are cold (2) pallor of Be Urn (3) Poor capillany Feturn (4) Positive Buerger's Tear Ls) Progressive. Parelyse C4) Puse are, absent TE Le Untreated , recfosiz of tht Muaclas gollowed. +y avg rene of +e tiv way occur pothin a. foro home ( 62N-hie) @® Lnvestgations ‘- 2) Doppler vitrazound 2) Urgent duplex scan 2) eT angi egrar - aM wt = 9) Patiend ® Management = 9 Hew Comes arty (6-2-0) a Go 7 Thitor bely gig Embslectomy Losing sunt. plamingen +k atl orkNatn] Fegorty’s — 4 CAD to pleccllog clitereians + © Receut stroked eu propagation of 2 Hoporin $ should be, user to ee bats + ID Pau comer tate (hangrene sum) xv foalt: for Aime of, dlaxnarcation Ly Prrputation BO\F) Mend Injuoy + 2 {rcume - totit fol loving ee " ¥ 5 Scab APY Soiwntans > Leading Acute of Yrel Hoot. Pugory — © sat ory eden Depend grockure, _Peimary Legions _ Secondary Lesions ed¥sure neuronal damage. 3) Brain Swetling ; # oeetera * Cerebral contusion peri reese * corebfel (ccoration * Hypoxia 2) Dinacrouial Hacmenshage * extroduines * Stbdureat SAH 9) Sugections | 2B.) open -toad Dyury © Wenerauaed woungitis * Subbdural Cepyema B) wlogedct tuad djurg # PoiePulty tumeur. © Areatuout of twad “Wunies in heuer ~ (sar. New foe) Treatment Oe Ne 4) Remugcitation and subbort 2) care of tre vreonadoug Ravratoma - 3) sungical T/k der Extract an © claasification of Groin iujury “oarenl_on VCS = eminem 2 IS) IS wolthowt — LORR Of Lorsiouswes sania 1 leis city fos of Conguiouayt © Moderate: 9-13 « severe > $8 ® marogerncut of Head Taurea gemeuk Of Hoact Thovnea = wlth PBCDe bMracls Managawert Of sack dawns OL ATLS guideline © > Poronting of tase tive ‘parometerZ PF Head cloxation FeV tie, ond Foloy’s caseker to-be Angertet- D> py fluids to ynalwtaln ~petmevoleuslon & elocirolyte —-balaute> > rommotenuta to be maintaiued > Arribiotic Prophytariz dndicated +n folleoing Situation + a) pakeut? with tow WCS( Prophylactic anticonvulzauk —Andicated Following = = Krewn epite pres ~ Hie convulsion — Compound -leact ieyury = depressent Skull Fracture = Purecroutal -remetoma) AMeohon “5 Mauageucuh of elrinbedt PCP : = Mauuliel — sTeroro + Hyper veutiation > Endodinctal intubation ond condlled Veud ation outa te. Anghitated 10 -boteut? vojth soe? pespiror@yy effort of with Weg go, Ny Below . Therrnal Bur of Faw : (% burrs @® Management (1) A= Pincay B — Breaking = ciredahon D — disability € - exposure : ut) fb spate 2) Wash te bum are with foom Leubp- toate re Lethin 3-4 hee) 8) Dent burar He blisters 4) ON Ghuidg - 3 Eluld Maragensut in Gums = *Srmell aren of urns Sab. © gums of Slo-ts/- TESA Parktora’s fofrnula - @ Sorklara.’s Fotnula © crystalleld ‘razecdt” (Ringer © New formula = 2 * Bedy eeight beg) TES © Prmouut of fudd tn Ist 24 hours wm) > Map of Huild in firs 8 sneurs , Analg an We. Lert 16 Hourz ay yrrere, Huidl PEN © Moniton urine outfub + if te > : + pxclded Re frat degres, PUY” 5) 9M ard Sle dujections avolced * siitity % 6) TM S1S-2e7- TASA Burns 7 lice ne Tube oliBteution | dtous —> Dsent ® Nusnition : gee Ansal energy exbereliture weer) + a) BEE In Termal person = ay 4) ily - weelotete sepsis: Hx c) severe. Sepaiz Sepak 2 18% 2x (ue eal Kgl dag) (20 Keat | kg !eoy) a) senere ‘ourns + ® Latoution of TSSA (coral Body surface orea) “[Wlattam Rule of 98) Park of Gedy duis |cuitren | Palm Le 4 Hood RNR |e |B Ene Upper dim on 4. Cros and abdewcr ice Ear nck dower tim | Ley Bs Reninausre aap d= io © Degrea of Buenas \Mavayencn) @ st aagree . Expose te wound © 2rd degree. (superdidiat) = ~~ Nasetine | Paragtin Qaure collagen dpesting (4p Ton Anfected) © an4 olagren, (deep) = collagen areasiug | =Hydroeoifolc olfessivg (Dusdern) ®steeal Yor 7 algrec, suberfical Rlacp-tuea) QMsiner Sutpradiapivelst-) @) siver Nitrate. ©) Majeuiaa ccotate ® cerium Nitrate. (2 “eakeular Tarrour + 2) “Testicular Taynour « “They are of 2 tybes = Loon cob tirnoge J ee Leydig cot furor ——— 1 Sertreti toll tumor Seminomatoug Non Zemin matoug 1) chorincarciroma 2) Erobryoral aarcinema 3) Te rotor, W) Yolk Sac > mie tumour ererall $ Serninomateys erm coll tumor > mjc turnoun in chilclren : Yolk Sac. bimon’ > Me fumour in etclory > Lyvehewmg mle pitateral teahadar timer > 97 ® Chirico jeatures + iivicad Preseurationz -- © Pain lev yeatauat raTd 8 Abd jinak uaes : Retneperitousal Ayuph Neco * Lonpon Rall wologazis jo Luvga Miybical Preseulahiong TT @sertll au Hemons : 5 Progeuig with features of dwinigahon Oreydig coh temong: + presautg wih, Ratrer nas Cali mi 2 yrnecornaaln - @ Suspected Ange. of deaHeular tampon juab Ancizion Chevaagu. Mancennte. aiph equi 4 power sents spit Ho RHR + Paohay a 1, “Ne dof coun Posie. for caucor v \ Cola Up ' High inguinal ombictectoryy DIAQNESS = —TymoM warkona = © Beka Hem > LOH + A= fetoprotein © Srvesigatiem — D usu ® crepk x-Toy © Abdouinad US ( men © cr sean © 2u- bo ono gauple forwer & Serum Hen ® a-feloprevein ® cw ® proroutal alkaline. prorphate © Treatment.‘ @ “reahuswh of the Temour = > Radical inguinal onchidacomy ag the chia. =m abl +egticular freohwes — Of Junouns jinnes pecHVe gy the spistotegical, Aype ond Stege ®@ ‘Treatuost of the Rebtehertonam ond, metostels 1) Sewinoma — a) stage TDA - Radiohermby Drowuoterahy +) Siege 18) IES Pohictactorny + charnotmeraby * fladical oF e- ciaplonn yo Nene risus B - Bleomyun ©) THe of fediauol tiease an LN- — oarspeniouead Cywbls Neda. pigze chon (RPLND) 2) Teratorna + a) stage 2, DA = Ractical orchidedong + Retrepenitoucal LEN blame 4) Stoge TR, D > Roclical ofchidectomy + cuomoreraby LPVB) + aeLn? (oa _ trang reve S a aiguly feckal | fopiclly apreadivg 23), tnag (any Definition = Pr 1s dugechion caured. by clpgtridial ofgonis™3 that cegubig an reyonecres)? - 1) clostridium welchif Céor-) Petiotegy =~ septicure 2) ” 7 0 igrotagtiouro » o0 ceaternation? Types frog rongrene _ Trjection’ + 1) Mlosteidiod cellu | Aoaltny muscled oF not Anvolvedl and —“Precootuce 8 condition — Tn ME =F trmelved mecronc Jasued features of ephwetite gucde 8 feuge » Bovllen paths with pabpabte- csepites 2) Local. type = ge cefers 40 infection Confiusct to a Siugle senusclo. ° ) _toeam toreup tyke confirad to a groub com partes ~ Th yepers to infection of wipedst ano Single © rrassive type = > has gangrene anvolving He. eutive tiv and. requurivg. am-pittaton - @® Clivical festunes '- ~ SeNere pain in He timb , Swotlng 1 42V°r Q ox ialy aaNet (uedrated soret) « sepHemuia » eval fajlupe , OR ® NOKZ = © *huioal © @xaminakon of pul under smicrozcshe afer Giempa staining © Lecithinase teat of Nagler’s feaction © xtoye, ct) MRD © Pe 4B @ vermalowod @®) prophylactic. antibiohes =penicillin [ Bec) = ty. coypraltia, pasialli 40-20 dallh units U- pth hourly Bhowld be given for 3 doys > ® sucdicious ond minimal ute of Tounsiquole. MH reudte bak effewve applycation of plaster cagt- © THe of eatabustea tox Voverest T © correct hypo reuzion : © Contre injection Treat oehydmtien Early — dobricomo” Adrninigrer pyberbaric- oxygen tive Blood. rfanausion BigZiVe immunjgakon 9 Te seve, 442 1 Amputale - Sen AER EAIpRT TIES TCO ETE SERS ETRE SEER Ere tet ESET ETE ENTE ANTE TOE RTE TEER TODO EEE TTS ed _ Yyperpara Ayroidismn ® CLINDCAL FEA TORE: 4) Bones + = Parbstegical frochres - sean in = Subberiostest bone fegorbtion ee = Salk ona Pepper skull = opkeiks bmsa Ayaten = Prexiual. uyotothy 2) Stones =Mubiple & recurrent Penal — Nephrecoleinog iz stoves (Ale Syusblon) 3) Abdominal groa = colicky Pain ~ Pan creatis 4) Peychiairic overtones 2 = Raiged PTH claprepes the CNS “Onc Lawes -paycliad ne Bywploms - 9) Pathegnomic features = = Bond keratopathy = Deposition of CaPoy enygtel? nthe conyed~ @ Promney WPERPARA THYSODESM = 2 G4 can Oceut clue 40 « Adtorema © Hyperplogia * Comes > Tuereased. PMH ro Rebenres CO”* from Boo Tucrera UMINANY |xcrebion wo ciftwation 2 fey of fou? PesarbHe Of cork frou v Hw 5 Nyporestemia pecteateal Serum po,8- © Features of Hytercatmuio. + confusion + Nowiting © ECln chagen — Ped PR user » Yed OT > Some. paewds can te asymiptomalic, © Causes + —Adaneroa._ Maberblesio_ ia Touly + gland ig eudorrged — ANY glordld are enlarged — Leas commrenn (expect - Mofe common An Ment Synctrowe, © Risk factors = © Radiation exposure te eck - 2 ple MEN 2 and 2A Syndrome ®© Soveghgationa = 3) Te? seglauibs scan » SrECT [Single Photon Emission cr) © Mavagerarr of Hyperbarathyneicitre 2 1.) Manage ‘hypertalcoruia + = puids — Gupesemide (IN cliurete) = ou vet @® — TSE GIHS thhombet IT zotedrenic eclt - 2) definitNe yravogeucuh IZ Zuyery - glond- 3) REMNe tree & bald Havas avd A2ENE “holy plano ab Rese ee Fo? aclenoma z surgery —>Remenal of crlomenateus or hyberblasie: + 9). Remsye all four glordd ard, auto - +rousplaut rorathynoid HA8UR ~ Secondary nyserparadhyreiditm © onsen —* chtonic. Bena gellure . « pepotve Intestival apaorbtio’ © Lithium 4urake e Vik. D clofisenty - © Aindivgs 7 efed PTH e ded sefur ot © serum Pour 2h chronic renal failure ) hycltoytotion of Vit - PD deasn't 1 serum Cart te2 of. clofechve Occup —> ect Vit D3 pahew atroulouk for Pormibyroid. gue absorbtion > uyperplosia [of abl grade] © mu : © comeston of chrouic renal failure * calcium corrector © Nile Ds, Supplemendation = Loe Phosphate. clieh * Cinacaleo = Surgery deve. ouly iF Meclica nouagomout gail fo Roma Housblaut : if CRE ol 7 i Aryreicliam Sin tovp atauclig ctreuic. Raat failure one of He glavell jecorot Cutoramous On UNdargee? ada-romatout chage - > ten be Zeon Lith pot Penal traugplaet- 3 corredion Of Renal failure door not correck PTA tavel? 4 ted PTH, & Test serum cath yrwogenuout “Surgical Removal of Crland conrechon of chrowic ® ® ancl. ena failure. @) VENovS ULCER» * Pintulatony Venous Hypertension shoory ig He fatheplysictegy behind te dovdiopweur of Vencye icon - @Mle tocation + Media Malizolya or gaiter aren. of the eg: + ulcer cloup the taterot rrallzolys 2 . 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