D)_Harnartona. >
2° 18 a tumour -dike
He. Hasue of a particulor
Wherein 4b js arnauged Aaphazardly «
OP is moka dinieal AiaguesiZ -
clovelopmout an alpormation of
ner of He bly
_erqusplok ‘- Haernangidroa
Nevpofiororna »
Wiornus timeur,
Aguephanyoma
*Theg are Zeon at binth OF an earmy chitdhood +
—_C—-rSrmrhrhTmhD H/o swelling -
+ Tey oe eo (ogi, et oul
e DE doce nok hove a CopRete
© “Wey are ough teins -
“Treasuent in
2 excigion
a certeck Aiagnosis -
4 DOr Orly Aupatve but able gives
token 4b Containt Veseuwon
* care Showd re, tekon
eured HAsue
Lggue, uch oF aernangioma of
ag An cates Of neuro fibroma -Cy
(2)_Tetanus +
> Tetanug (8 a Renioug AiZordor caused ry toxin
G the cloatnidium teroni affecking nervous Bysteras
Bive Nsegz to rmugela Contnactton of Neck) buck
nol jaw rmusclog -
Routes of Anfection = — 1) vinbilical, cord (fn neonater)
2) Minor injuries with rusted nails-
3) Seple abortion Of Supple operedtio na
> We forin ,ouce fixed to He nervoud tiAgut ) Cannot
be reuttalisecl - However circulating toxin’ vray te.
Neutralize +
Clhetesh Features 2
e Autonomic dygfuuction ~ Ducreaec Bofal sympatohic tone.
Monifeits 08 tethycorelias
AladeLer | Bowel, dysfunction »
Lobide. HTN) PYrexio. /Patlor,
ics
© Epigode? of brady Mrdia y Low Loutnal Venous prewurer
ance exen cardiac anneat (dun te fparasyrupameri® dip favetron)
© compercations Juchuole Pretrmonia ) UTE ete
“Treatment of established Tetorus
J.) weneral Managewout
WAdwiggion and 4zolation
@blourd. care
©hiy. THareyg toxoid osmt 1
@pviitelorug — serum LATS) So) d00 Units 2M ancl
S0)d00 unitg Slow fv-
@tluman antitetonug Webwlin 000 -yooo 43 211
© Ty. crystallie peuicillin Je OP —
Gh hourly as Dee (#0" a0 aay)
aWw ath hourly for
® Merronidarcte, SOO my
Pend llin-
do days. TH 1B more effestive 4han
© pier recovery 1 dull Jyoretmization with telorud
toxoid. ig feguired-
@® _specnene Ma .
(A) sap cases ‘=
—ouly tonic. Apidity veitheuk spagre of clysbhagia -
© Benzodiazepines R Morphine ack Coutally
Jo yririmige to effect? to +ebanespasrdin-
© Chlorpromazine (ot-recopte blocker)
45 may} Syroprahc. OFT -
(©) Senvousty fn Cases
= Wey Pave. Aysphagia. and reflex Spasms -
= Nasogopnic 4ube Uber yecding )
~ Tracheostomy (i apreaduiing aippicull arises)
©) _dongeroyaty al) cose8 =
G convulsions
® Magne zine sutphare 4 be. ured fe
Afeat- autoronl& core pucaton om
control shaares ©
~ Major oyaneti
© -compnenTtons +
4) Aspiratio®
2) Loryrgeat spasm anc. respinatory arregt y
Cig
aqorhy tries «
3) cardiac@B)_CARBUNCLE >
© Thig is cm infective
gegrene of the. SubLutoneous
Haaut Caused by
Staphylococcus auteng
.
Dk Comvnouly
cceuns in diabetic patients «
> Patents
with poor tmmuuikg Of those. Undergoing
Fodivtetapy may alse davelep Carbuncle -
Osites . nape of we neck (Mle)
Gack
Shoulder
Kiduey
© farmotogy =
2 Sjuce, the majorihy
of patients — ne. diabetic
Angecton taker oO Nino = Counae. and
fests dn gubcutancouws for nechenls 5
ging nie to multiple abscesses
> There abstesses ane dtercommuicatug ord
chen to the extenior chy multiple. seeve-
Life, cpeniags *
> “Thig apeanames, 18 ‘Known at Lnibiform
appeanauce. vole. 1g -pathognomic ofa
Carbernele. «
© Clinical features © severe pain and swelllkg in
phe nape Of Hho. veck «
© conta Honal Symptoms ) Buck
ag fever vith child and rigors
© Red trot coal tike Surface
© cribiforn appenrewes.
@Meotweur
(3) Diabetes contro!
(a) Autibioticg + cloxatillin (dec)
(8) sungery = A cruciate ivcision és
trefente! bez of oil
absceyses ant exreusive
Saboulanasnt Necresi® -
eT6> Gages of tha Skin flap are excised He
Aug is Afahed, toculi are broker down,
Slough. 18, excised ancl the. covity 8
with aubizeptic.» aged
trig ate ck
\ fii» 4 Db + DDD Dehra aAa.@ Snbussus.ception
> Telorcoping, of ow Jooioel, Loop tuto anoHer .
Srtugsuscoplum £ A tov dak goet Anside-
Tntassuzdpens Receiving dovp -
> Meck = Natrowest Pert
Apex < Mech Common site. for dachouia -
Sib 2- — evistenaion
eNomitivg anct chatipation
© Pain [draws up 4093 Gud. ery)
Tres +
2 typea . 1° >2°
Prima;
3 2° to @ palhelegical teak
oa a a. Poiut
* chidten [6r~2 yr) See eiae
° Propeged, Mechows rn: * secondary 30 Ha Lotion.
Hapeirebhy of Aduts
“ a children:
foyer's oben * Polyb ae
* Diversion S Lae
© Mic overatt ? Bleo- celic © Tuysour ~peatphorea,
© Colo—colic
© Recument
__fnvestgations
3 fihal Sweshgation + Afoy abdonoy
% GC + childtem (usu) —> Bond Sign | Pseudtekiauny
Adultz (ect) fgn
c
OnMZt Cnewa > Claw sign | piace 6390Manogement 5
© Lontragt enema i8 both ciagnoshe &
trarorpene in AntuB3 UA8 Corption +
* Dreliceions for Sufgery (Resection & anagternesia) :
4) Recurrent Pntussusaepion
Ui) 22. Podbotegical Lend Pout
wi) Perforation
iy) strongutation .® cuetepocHAL CYST +
> Cystic dilation of the Aeiliary 4re0.-
® Tedani | modified Alonso -Lej Classificcabion :
Tyke 1) Cystic. citation of the CBD Ceormrnon Bile duct ]
“pe 9 Divertendue of cD
Type Tr = ditaton of intractup clonal -portion of
CBD [ Cheladochorete)
“Wyre Do - WA > Tira + Extronopatie biliary tree
ditatesd
WS. owy extrahepatic xillory trea
ditated
Tye: Ditation of ouly wtrakspatic biliary iree
D Lystic clilation Leadg to + a) Aueffective drainage
Of tifa > Toundica
4) Ted Risk of
Lhotonpio carcinoma toy.)
Lit “r (pregeuts in children). Lump
* Jaundice.
© Pain
Loe t- MRCP (Maguctic Regerouce, -Chotangiopaucresicgropiy)
—_Mavagewent = SoRme ry
> Prive
Pus of Surgery» cptoctive anainage
* Remove, abnermat
smuceg.a [Te Reds
cise of Oo) *“Bie 12} Roux-en-y hepatidogejureatory-
“Type Bs > Cur diverticulum Repair CBP-
Roux-en-Y herp atico Je junestomy -
Tyre M 2 > GREP + —Shhin cterotomy
Type WA BSE. Liver transplau-
> Kagai prococtune.® © Rederd lear + ‘Basod cai carcinoma }
Baga Tell orcinsma are oOZt Common
Lauer of Skin and. accouds for bo74- of
ALL Skin Cancels
© eriotegy =
© Sxpadures of UV Pays of fre Sun
© XNay — Anpediotivn
© prgewic
» Burn and. Senna
© trevetic: digorters Uxenc derma pigrentozum , Albinigm)
© Fain Skiumed Andivicluet
© onigin -
= Gazal Aatl catcinema ariges Bore ‘atl ayer
of He tpiclanul® dou
Decasionally ray arise, from Anogat Coll of
Ayoir follitiea of Steak glands -
“Tt 12 a Sow gretwing watignouh FIMEUr and
erect) fae. oleate HASUE. -Lifte. a Moclouk (rat)
Arowee, \! Recto uleer”,
= tt Ig alto called ag ‘Ter Loucor” & ‘Turban tumour!”
© Shlead': 7 spread. oy toca ination
> Lymphatic spread 29 nok geen:
F Romotogencuz spiead z alfe very fare
© Ler a) 1
D Lig = 9) Ke. commen HR are arounel anne
Quck cade conthug ef eye , note, and
Nazelabjalfeld
¥) reraiphing ular oP CL noctule s
foutal Kecfeclg and selarpiecioaia-
a5, mY +loed
with
¢) Stow growing » Paiute
Sightly> T about Lot of pakeuts » Hey way abe
be. founct on the tongue) esophagus » pouty
Orat canal or tower dirtb -
9 Treadwes
STIL anvenes the complete. fermeval of
ho. Jurmour fo achieve, a Cure
> Biohsy iz wondatony establish a
podustgic, dliagnosis -
(3S) excision = - Tor
= cura rae 9S¢-
(2) Radiotion Thomby:— used tn aren. lore
ipgua. preservation <7
dwporrauh .
15 cite le 0% +
(3) Leurertage. and. Elecine dogiccation
— cure. wede Sse
— gwall totions (e2.¢m 4m diawoter?
CG) — cryotreraty -
® Topica chemewraroty :
- g- Pupreuracil cfearn as been
apptid tocoly bur 48 not very
succemus - .
> Recumac tigease Requires wide. fe.-exdgion .>)
(D)_tnoodsSatt’s Rute
> Woodsall's Rule is ted to clotenudne the docation
bf dnterral cheng 4% cpeuing inside mal. Coral)
fectum +
2 Ale to wz fule
@An imaginony Line |g drown Through the
Anal. Verge
® pry fistula with 4A external efenivg
quterion to Nig iE ine. C1° clock Ord)” clock)
Y
Gtraiguh ond. 0 Pacliat Mach «
© Any figtule. with aig extemal cpeulng
foaterion to MS dive Lue etoer, or SP clock OF Aled)
Curves track that then 2n
wddtive. -Postenonty at 6 O'clouR
> GrcepHons to tig rule etter Cecuh y if on
audenior extemal oped} Ag more {hon
Bem croay from tht, onal orifice, 7 Buch
fistulas tock do the. peaterion wide
an ao eninvediuca rp ouree*
Note - ® wwon thare iz an auterior aro. alo
a posterior cpeuleg = in the, Baur.
Fiatato. ho tule of poaterior
opening pple’ «@) Sig woid. Velyutug -
2 Dt TB TA Commenest cause
ctoatruction © Africa, eure Onc USA) -
* Uunally Mtates (colon) anticlockwige. ground the. axiz
of Large bowel
® Predisposing features :- (D Long and narrow mesaubany
@ Redundour Sigrneid
® Loaded Symeicl colon:
2 Lornmouly geon in -paheuts : * Psy chiatric Patieuts -
« Mahtutionalizedt lasylira » Jail)
@® ee =e morte ctisteusion
© obstipation
© Voultiug
® Pain
eo cloged top cbgtruction & Strongutation .
@® Lovestygations -
% May abdouos + Coffee bean sign,
Beut dnnep hibe sign or Omega. Signs
Alpex m the nigh Uber Quadfour -
Contrast Erowa t Bird's Peale appearouca
Poc + CECT (Adulig) , USh (children )
@_ Management = (0) Unsiabee raticnt [Sepsis [tropes genes
‘ bs yl
Hattrmow pocedune.
> Feffortect bowel Loop if retectedy
R pfoxjmal cud 3 taken out
8 Lologtory X distal cud. Boxed -6) Stele. 2. (we yeoduned of “gkhongulo-bion ap perforation)
Sigrmoi de sesple clocompression
Lemargeney procedure)
pézinitive Mavogenour *
Sigmnorclectomy > sagrneid eboxy3) TupercoLArR LYMPHADENOPATHY
© Most commen cause of Weck, Swellitg in Duda.
© Whe. Anfections, fences the corvical LN frove :
Ui) Taagit, adensidg wd dotal Kanes
Gi) From apex of ung: and
[iy Hemakeqenoys (rarely)
S wow fection Cowes from Fonaié , of actensicl te
Anvolves — conex of LN, votade. wroctatie: & =
te LN is involve y when injector pp unaxvarige:
Potholoay
De The LN gets Simply entangect fernains
digctete, ond are nob rated -
Stage P The eularyed Ayuph rnecles becomes
adherent fo ck OF seatled, as
wetted Ayupie Neder -
Stoge M - Cold abacen formation . 2
DP Lola abscett formation occurs clus.
to cageaton within the. Lyaph nedes-
> Tr tho -bepinniug , the cDlel abscers
Peusins deep. to cleap fasua) often
@ few weakt » Me cloop facia -becomes
efeded ab cue Polk oncd pus
flow prrough thi Amal. opening
grom cleep fara. to uberticiat
foacia ) MEY amy curb bell Uke,
appeoteuce , and. ig fered of cOLLAk
STUD ABSCESS
Stage @ +
PT abseess gradually culorges wel
my ofust pegulliig 47 Chrouic
cig Chonging cinys & UNCP formahion -@Aliwical feotures =
> wore common in rnaknounjzhecl children and
young ccluth-
2 Hlo comact with a Juberculon -batiewh
> “Longtitutional feature such af malalge 5 1a%pete »
eveuig ize fever with sweats 5 Oveuiia anok
tors of. weight woy be -preseut +
> There. rney be. History Auggerive of Pulrmonony
TR Suck 3 LOUgh aro heme btyziz-
@® onvestigasions = 1) Blood. exauination
2) Mantoux tear
3) Atay chost
4) “Tuberculor @LtsA
8) PCR
6) @xcizional Bichy -
® ~Weotuout ~
© stage Dard D>
> ATT cleugt For at Loast Bmonths -
cin the Si2@ of
> D4 tnore ig ve chonge.
sroelling. excizion of swelling Should, ba clove ~
©_stage (colt abscor)
> Aspiration followect +y ATT Drug
> For recurrent Col abscets » 4uciz/on
avd. dfainage followed. by Cureraga.
cf abscess Lavity it dow.-
© Stage D. (Tbereutan snug) »-
Lohete. +act along
=> excizion of the
with orgeotivg moc 48 lous
vollh qu fouse, of ATT.TO Frey's Syucdmome. Lowaktemy scoring]
>This 13 & Common -Cornptications of Rartidectomy
Occuming in upto SU/- of Carer -
> duni
a meals , the. Patol fexion ond te Cheek
i frouk of i becomes fed, ok ord painful;
Nery goon perspifation appear on IR aren:
> Lute
neous hyberegtozia 48 also ‘preseuh over
Me. aten are becomes eviclonh woisile Shaving -
2 A é
Frey's syndrome {6 clue to Ayury +0 quricptemuporal
Nene +
oat gangliouie
YOY [renimerefaugal women)
Ditated ductz —> statia of secretion
4
Periductal waghhs
(zupke's aisente)
qolick 18 Aprezeu
OR
© Periafeatar abscess | Sinus formation
* Bluish | Inreenich dizchange.
tmulibe ducks)
@iaguesis Zs
US + Multitte. ditated ducts
Orrousgeven
a pudtpaoace (covet
+ of conasion “perslats ,
aarobes gud anaecetes]
posed prowdure YB done
cont erosion of rite
Anoe-(us) Breast Abscess +
AO Lactational Breast Abscess
> Mc onganiams : sfapbylocecens aureus |
> Soutee. of Tufection © onepharynx of he. itd
Life oPain
© genet
© Swetling
e Cluctation (tate Sign)
Diaguosis = USH
_Mawageweuk
@putibiotics + Arexycillin + clavulaulc. acid
on
Cloxacillin
@ Pnalgericr
© Dh pus oprezent
\
UStr guided axpitaton (Abtoast 2 atrenspta)
\
Faiture.
+
Dncigion R drainage. +
<3 pier 2Rd COdbLYoliu "gy JiNen to Suppress
Aacledion > Preventg gigtule. formation «
© TM Lose. of Nou boating ahacosl » suipects
(a) TB tb) yflarnnatory Breas cameo?»
To cain. te, Diagnosis , pivbay doom the walk
% W8ion Should. to. enh -@ reas Phscew ajo duc eer
© occu in pen — anepausal, oom
© Lauses: Aerobic + Anaerebic michober
© Diagwesis » VSY
Aubin -
© Mauagewent >
Hoafield’s Procedure._Lopnto’s ANWINA =
*DL tejeng 40 vcetlubitig of the, Sebrmendol owe
Submercdiowar fegion& Combivac. with Anflorntnasory
Ordena of. the. moulh «
* Laugative enganigry ‘Streptococcal, ergaulpng .
Anasretes .
© Precipitating Jodors = 2) cariex Tooth
2) caucor of He Orb anity
8) calculi in He. Subrnondibalot Gla
4) chemo eraby
5) Combexio.
6) Diabeles
© celndcat ontares
3) Elaerly patients -presentig woth fase
swelling tn HO subrnordifoulas and.
Subwowte (egl0rS -
2) Cede of te. Poor of rnoulh , wtic.
Jpuateg tovgu® Upwordy aud (ezulling
ay difficulh Sco NOONg »
3) High grote fexer with Jonicily
4) Puri. Valitegis (charsteriztas) .
© “heabwout
3) Rea awd. hesbitaligation -
2) Ppbropriate. aniibiolica -
3) BV Jude aud. Fyle’s tube peodiry »
4) Of ates nok tapped. to conserative
Heatwordy Supgical alt recommended -® svevery (vecompressoon )
> Urveeh — geusmat anazathagia, a S-6Cm CUINed
Ancigion ig rade. tolowd +e. mandible
An the Subrnondibulof pepion oven
Je. wes —-prowtart par of Swellite
2 Te — Bubrnomdibwlar glad. i snebitines ,
the Ynylehyoid —vryada 4 dlivided and)
fo bys 4p dmived-
> een Hf pus ig not fourd ) he
oedemotoug —flirid comes ouk , whic
Qreaky dryproves He. Coudition ef Ho.
Fraviewk-
> The wound ig closed. with eo after
lerigasiug, = 2. cavity with = autisepic agends ,
Qt a drainage. tube 4 teh tn talan.
@ KomerLcaTwns
1.) Medio-giinity® awd SA
2.) vpter ainoay obsttucl®M , Strider -
pfcemnG4) Steruomasterd Tuynon (cougeuital torticelliz
> TRS ig ww a tumour, it 1% a WaNDra?-
* Sujury fe gtennomngstoiet luring bi causes
Cuphure of fe Hbre ard Patoatowa. Later,
nealing §— ocours with Fibrosia ) reaultivg in
a Swellitg fp Me wide of, Btennernasteid
rousde *
AliuicaL
“5 Seou in enfautd or chitdren -
3 Firm do ford, 12cm gudlivg inte wsldale of
Stefmornaztoid muacle +
4 Tender and Mobile. sidetcays .
> Mavy ml are aucdated. WH Tort colliz
Theatuenk
2 (rete. rrauipulation of chit’ twad -
+ physiotherapy to atred. the Shortened ghemormashid
rruscle -
© Surgical TH t= DIVIIon of dower arttackucuF
OF Steromagteid frore Clovicle
and sternum with on who
Removal of tumb-(5) Thyrogteagal. Cyst =
mwee
* “Rytogtoszal Cyst
Arach +
1S a temnour of thyreplostal
© Mc Location > Sub- tyoid i He dive
© oD yp Aived ey -paerdogtradified | Gliated., columnan
Of — Squarnoug epittelium totic produat deseuomate
Chikeliar oll or Trucus at Hweg-
AKliuical Features
3 even trough congenital 1 thynogtogzal Cyst abbeand
atourd te Age of 1s-30VR -
7 Female 7 Male
> To cyst 12 0p , cystic ; Pluctauh, ‘Hramgi lu mination -
mnegave. svoellig - + ton be, gin» jhe
Jension hin cpt iB tyl-
> Thyreglogzal cyst reves vith doglutition
auch protrusion of = tougur (sive. He. Hack
abrached, te ‘Pore of tovgue)
> ~The swelling mere? sideyeoys bub no Vertically,
Diognosie = FNPC
Theatwouk
+ Before excigion of Cyst , a tyrrid scm 48
mandatory ance, ty te ouly furchioniep
Aryroid gaue.-
* Sigttwuk Sungery + Remoal of cysk + 77h
Hil Re. bage Of touguc. + Part of hycid
bone.LOMPLECATLONS *-
3) Recurreuk Deecton ~2 abecets >
2) Rarely , a -pabillaty — carcinons
he hyo zlorzal. cyst
3) Fistula
Inyreglossal. fizaala
cap occun4n—>
16) Richter's Herwin =
3There ig a very namow dofect cesultig 49
deriation of duly a portor of “bowel tall,
Lstite the rest of pre. bowel Aumen Vigorous bowel contractions
L
Earty preseutation 12 Hastrecuteritig
4
Feritenins / Stravgutation-
> Honia veith -narrew clafect con give rise to
Rictter's tretuia . Thy ore = 4) Femoral nena
2) obturator Henin.
3) Poroumdyilical, Harcsio
> ory cepair iB mondated in PERE terion -43) Fourmen lnangreue >
© Precipating factor + 4) Lew Socio -ecoremic group faheuts
. 2) Uphygienic: conditions »
: Laugative ofgonisms = 1) Hemetytic streptococci’
2) Staph ylococed
3) &-cadi
u) Rracrobes
@ Pathology -
“Tfauna , cuts, scratch ; infection
\
orgouisre
|
tress Inflammation
obitenive amenity
\
_© Teatwouk >
ontibioHes are stared ,,01tca ”
3S) Broad - Spectrure
culhire Orel sensitivity :
pun [¢ Suk for
eo Metronitazele, gor onaanebes
* uewarmycin for Wrom NE ofgoulsms
© propicllin for gram WE ongani suet
«© Lobhalo shoring if fequired = °
2) “Ke gangrenous poron ek he: ceopkne “ba
Seon 03 possible
to te exdzed
Hey Con 42 Amplautect,
9 Sf teamed ore exposed
ammation Subsiclez ;
Haig 4.0% OK Andt
in
dg dove to cover re teBHeLez -
Skin groghngUs) Pleo morphic adenema
2 ME js the whe Humour of Salivary Horda-
> MRA Pewgn turnour -
e281 112. stow grog
© eresewtation > 1) ©
2) Stow growing poreticd. swelling
© Risk sacier ~ Radiation Exposure
© Poo ~ Aue recdie aspiretion cy tology (enAc)
Prvestigation to assert exter of 4290) +s MRE >CT
Pasholegy
© PLA 1 gene Mutotion
© epitelial comporastz +n ryxcick Aakgroure -
© owing edge ros Pyer _tike projections
Rerponaidle for Ted Recument Rate +
+ Superficial porotidectory
Mavogoweut +
° Maligrau Coprersion of Pleomenpuic. adenoma ir Nidotuma
dog (2) Rope tes an S72.
yu te painful Swell
(2) Pos
iat, Nerve.
(3) Drvorewsrd at foi
(uy Drvolvewsuk Of LN of Neck -
(6) ulceration
i
mixed Maljguast tumeun) carcinoma ex Pzomenbie
adenovng
L
Ret Suryery folfowal hy Radiovernty «aa a. foreign cody fo He sbhocel gtream -
chgtruchon,
FH pcigert an a Vessel and “pfodistts
Clinically wanifesting as severe iscootuia OF aug renee
© Causes | RS factors ‘= 1) Srnekers
2) Cardiac Aizentes
3) obesity
¥) Retouk carchiac sumBeny
@ Clinical feabures
(1) Peripheries are cold
(2) pallor of Be Urn
(3) Poor capillany Feturn
(4) Positive Buerger's Tear
Ls) Progressive. Parelyse
C4) Puse are, absent
TE Le Untreated , recfosiz of tht Muaclas
gollowed. +y avg rene of +e tiv way
occur pothin a. foro home ( 62N-hie)
@® Lnvestgations ‘- 2) Doppler vitrazound
2) Urgent duplex scan
2) eT angi egrar -
aM wt = 9) Patiend
® Management = 9 Hew Comes arty (6-2-0)
a
Go 7
Thitor bely gig Embslectomy
Losing sunt. plamingen +k atl
orkNatn] Fegorty’s —
4
CAD to pleccllog clitereians +
© Receut stroked eu propagation of
2 Hoporin $ should be, user to ee bats +ID Pau comer tate (hangrene sum)
xv
foalt: for Aime of, dlaxnarcation
Ly
PrrputationBO\F) Mend Injuoy +
2
{rcume -
totit fol loving ee
" ¥ 5 Scab APY Soiwntans
> Leading Acute of Yrel
Hoot. Pugory — © sat ory eden
Depend
grockure,
_Peimary Legions _ Secondary Lesions
ed¥sure neuronal damage. 3) Brain Swetling
; # oeetera
* Cerebral contusion peri reese
* corebfel (ccoration * Hypoxia
2) Dinacrouial Hacmenshage
* extroduines
* Stbdureat SAH
9) Sugections |
2B.) open -toad Dyury
© Wenerauaed
woungitis
* Subbdural Cepyema
B) wlogedct tuad djurg
# PoiePulty tumeur.
© Areatuout of twad “Wunies in heuer ~ (sar. New foe)
Treatment Oe Ne
4) Remugcitation and subbort
2) care of tre vreonadoug
Ravratoma -
3) sungical T/k der Extract an
© claasification of Groin iujury “oarenl_on VCS =
eminem 2 IS) IS wolthowt — LORR Of Lorsiouswes
sania 1 leis city fos of Conguiouayt
© Moderate: 9-13
« severe > $8® marogerncut of Head Taurea
gemeuk Of Hoact Thovnea =
wlth PBCDe bMracls
Managawert Of sack dawns
OL ATLS guideline ©
> Poronting of tase tive ‘parometerZ
PF Head cloxation
FeV tie, ond Foloy’s caseker to-be Angertet-
D> py fluids to ynalwtaln ~petmevoleuslon &
elocirolyte —-balaute>
> rommotenuta to be maintaiued
> Arribiotic Prophytariz dndicated +n folleoing
Situation + a) pakeut? with tow WCS( Prophylactic anticonvulzauk —Andicated Following =
= Krewn epite pres
~ Hie convulsion
— Compound -leact ieyury
= depressent Skull Fracture
= Purecroutal -remetoma) AMeohon
“5 Mauageucuh of elrinbedt PCP :
= Mauuliel
— sTeroro
+ Hyper veutiation
> Endodinctal intubation ond condlled Veud ation
outa te. Anghitated 10 -boteut? vojth
soe? pespiror@yy effort of with Weg go,
Ny
Below .Therrnal Bur of Faw : (%
burrs
@® Management
(1) A= Pincay
B — Breaking
= ciredahon
D — disability
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fb spate
2) Wash te bum are with foom Leubp- toate re
Lethin 3-4 hee)
8) Dent burar He blisters
4) ON Ghuidg -
3 Eluld Maragensut in Gums =
*Srmell aren of urns
Sab.
© gums of Slo-ts/- TESA
Parktora’s fofrnula -
@ Sorklara.’s Fotnula
© crystalleld ‘razecdt” (Ringer
© New formula = 2 * Bedy eeight beg) TES
© Prmouut of fudd tn Ist 24 hours wm)
> Map of Huild in firs 8 sneurs ,
Analg an We. Lert 16 Hourz
ay yrrere, Huidl PEN
© Moniton urine outfub + if te > :
+ pxclded Re frat degres, PUY”
5) 9M ard Sle dujections avolced *
siitity %
6) TM S1S-2e7- TASA Burns 7 lice
ne Tube
oliBteution | dtous —> Dsent
® Nusnition : geeAnsal energy exbereliture weer) +
a) BEE In Termal person = ay
4) ily - weelotete sepsis: Hx
c) severe. Sepaiz Sepak 2 18%
2x (ue eal Kgl dag)
(20 Keat | kg !eoy)
a) senere ‘ourns +
® Latoution of TSSA (coral Body surface orea)
“[Wlattam Rule of 98)
Park of Gedy duis |cuitren |
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Ene Upper dim on 4.
Cros and abdewcr ice Ear
nck dower tim | Ley Bs
Reninausre aap d= io
© Degrea of Buenas \Mavayencn)
@ st aagree . Expose te wound
© 2rd degree. (superdidiat) =
~~ Nasetine | Paragtin Qaure
collagen dpesting (4p Ton Anfected)
© an4 olagren, (deep)
= collagen areasiug |
=Hydroeoifolc olfessivg (Dusdern)
®steeal Yor 7 algrec, suberfical Rlacp-tuea)
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@) siver Nitrate.
©) Majeuiaa ccotate
® cerium Nitrate.(2 “eakeular Tarrour +
2) “Testicular Taynour «
“They are of 2 tybes =
Loon cob tirnoge J
ee Leydig cot furor
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Seminomatoug Non Zemin matoug
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2) Erobryoral aarcinema
3) Te rotor,
W) Yolk Sac
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> mjc turnoun in chilclren : Yolk Sac. bimon’
> Me fumour in etclory > Lyvehewmg
mle pitateral teahadar timer > 97
® Chirico jeatures +
iivicad Preseurationz -- © Pain lev yeatauat raTd
8 Abd jinak uaes : Retneperitousal
Ayuph Neco
* Lonpon Rall wologazis
jo Luvga
Miybical Preseulahiong
TT
@sertll au Hemons : 5 Progeuig with features of
dwinigahon
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nas Cali mi
2 yrnecornaaln -@ Suspected Ange. of deaHeular tampon
juab Ancizion
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4
power sents
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DIAQNESS = —TymoM warkona = © Beka Hem
> LOH
+ A= fetoprotein
© Srvesigatiem — D usu
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© Abdouinad US
( men
© cr sean
© 2u- bo ono gauple forwer
& Serum Hen
® a-feloprevein
® cw
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@ “reahuswh of the Temour =
> Radical inguinal onchidacomy ag the
chia. =m abl +egticular
freohwes — Of
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Aype ond Stege
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1) Sewinoma —
a) stage TDA - Radiohermby
Drowuoterahy
+) Siege 18) IES
Pohictactorny + charnotmeraby
* fladical oF
e- ciaplonn
yo Nene risus
B - Bleomyun
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— oarspeniouead Cywbls Neda.
pigze chon (RPLND)
2) Teratorna +
a) stage 2, DA = Ractical orchidedong +
Retrepenitoucal LEN blame
4) Stoge TR, D > Roclical ofchidectomy
+
cuomoreraby LPVB)
+
aeLn?(oa
_ trang reve S
a aiguly feckal | fopiclly apreadivg
23), tnag (any
Definition = Pr 1s
dugechion caured. by clpgtridial ofgonis™3
that cegubig an reyonecres)? -
1) clostridium welchif Céor-)
Petiotegy =~
septicure
2) ”
7 0 igrotagtiouro
» o0 ceaternation?
Types frog rongrene _ Trjection’ +
1) Mlosteidiod cellu
| Aoaltny muscled oF not Anvolvedl
and —“Precootuce 8
condition
— Tn ME
=F trmelved mecronc Jasued
features of ephwetite gucde 8 feuge » Bovllen
paths with pabpabte- csepites
2) Local. type =
ge cefers 40 infection Confiusct to a Siugle
senusclo. °
) _toeam toreup tyke
confirad to a groub
com partes
~ Th yepers to infection
of wipedst ano Single
© rrassive type =
> has gangrene anvolving He. eutive tiv
and. requurivg. am-pittaton -
@® Clivical festunes '-
~ SeNere pain in He timb , Swotlng 1 42V°r Q ox ialy
aaNet (uedrated soret)
« sepHemuia » eval fajlupe , OR® NOKZ =
© *huioal
© @xaminakon of pul under smicrozcshe afer
Giempa staining
© Lecithinase teat of Nagler’s feaction
© xtoye, ct) MRD
© Pe 4B
@ vermalowod
@®) prophylactic. antibiohes
=penicillin [ Bec)
= ty. coypraltia, pasialli 40-20 dallh units
U- pth hourly Bhowld be given for
3 doys >
® sucdicious ond minimal ute of Tounsiquole.
MH reudte bak effewve applycation of
plaster cagt-
© THe of eatabustea tox Voverest T
© correct hypo reuzion :
© Contre injection
Treat oehydmtien
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Adrninigrer pyberbaric- oxygen
tive Blood. rfanausion
BigZiVe immunjgakon
9 Te seve, 442 1 Amputale -Sen AER EAIpRT TIES TCO ETE SERS ETRE SEER Ere tet ESET ETE ENTE ANTE TOE RTE TEER TODO EEE TTS
ed _ Yyperpara Ayroidismn
® CLINDCAL FEA TORE:
4) Bones +
= Parbstegical frochres
- sean in
= Subberiostest bone fegorbtion ee
= Salk ona Pepper skull
= opkeiks bmsa Ayaten
= Prexiual. uyotothy
2) Stones
=Mubiple & recurrent Penal
— Nephrecoleinog iz
stoves (Ale Syusblon)
3) Abdominal groa
= colicky Pain
~ Pan creatis
4) Peychiairic overtones 2
= Raiged PTH claprepes the CNS “Onc
Lawes -paycliad ne Bywploms -
9) Pathegnomic features =
= Bond keratopathy
= Deposition of CaPoy enygtel? nthe conyed~
@ Promney WPERPARA THYSODESM =
2 G4 can Oceut clue 40 « Adtorema
© Hyperplogia
* Comes
> Tuereased. PMH
ro
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wo ciftwation 2 fey of fou?
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Hw 5 Nyporestemia pecteateal Serum po,8-© Features of Hytercatmuio.
+ confusion
+ Nowiting
© ECln chagen — Ped PR user »
Yed OT
> Some. paewds can te asymiptomalic,
© Causes +
—Adaneroa._ Maberblesio_
ia
Touly + gland ig
eudorrged
— ANY glordld are enlarged
— Leas commrenn (expect
- Mofe common
An Ment Synctrowe,
© Risk factors =
© Radiation exposure te eck -
2 ple
MEN 2 and 2A Syndrome
®© Soveghgationa =
3) Te? seglauibs scan
»
SrECT [Single Photon Emission cr)
© Mavagerarr of Hyperbarathyneicitre 2
1.) Manage ‘hypertalcoruia +
= puids
— Gupesemide (IN cliurete)
= ou vet @® — TSE GIHS thhombet
IT zotedrenic eclt -
2) definitNe
yravogeucuh IZ Zuyery -
glond-
3) REMNe tree & bald Havas
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ab Rese ee
Fo? aclenoma z surgery —>Remenal of crlomenateus
or hyberblasie: +9). Remsye all four glordd ard, auto - +rousplaut
rorathynoid HA8UR ~
Secondary nyserparadhyreiditm
© onsen —* chtonic. Bena gellure .
« pepotve Intestival apaorbtio’
© Lithium 4urake
e Vik. D clofisenty -
© Aindivgs
7 efed PTH
e ded sefur ot
© serum Pour
2h chronic renal failure ) hycltoytotion of Vit - PD deasn't
1 serum Cart te2 of. clofechve
Occup —> ect Vit D3
pahew atroulouk for Pormibyroid.
gue absorbtion >
uyperplosia [of abl grade]
© mu :
© comeston of chrouic renal failure
* calcium corrector
© Nile Ds, Supplemendation
= Loe Phosphate. clieh
* Cinacaleo
= Surgery deve. ouly iF Meclica nouagomout gail
fo Roma Housblaut : if CRE ol 7
i Aryreicliam
Sin tovp atauclig ctreuic. Raat failure one of He glavell
jecorot Cutoramous On UNdargee? ada-romatout chage -
> ten be Zeon Lith pot Penal traugplaet-
3 corredion Of Renal failure door not correck PTA tavel?
4 ted PTH, & Test serum cath
yrwogenuout “Surgical Removal of Crland
conrechon of chrowic ®
®
ancl.
ena failure.@) VENovS ULCER»
* Pintulatony Venous Hypertension shoory ig He
fatheplysictegy behind te dovdiopweur of Vencye
icon -
@Mle tocation + Media Malizolya or gaiter aren. of the
eg:
+ ulcer cloup the taterot rrallzolys
2 .
Short: saphenouz War ig trvoNed
© Features of the Vien --
2 shallow uleoe-
© stoping edges -
° Pale. gronaation “nggua on tha floor.
0 Piguauted wuatging 9een |b hemesiderin -
> Pwgatior8 should. +e examines +o fula oud
Wiyed. — pathelegy
© Managenexsd of Venous veer :-
> Bigzgoord Kagimen
© Education
* Glevation of Lin
* Glagtic Compregzion Stockings
Uy tayen® bondoging
1.) weet
35 toyoun
2) cotten crepe *
4) Chaatic bawdage (3 applial
4) cehoaive bavdoa®
© prearlugs
* Surgery + Rectucas Recurrence
* Medical. Mavagomout + rey
Closer eos
+
Ned waiepenaa cular FeMfuZion -@_PLemmer’s Disease :-
> AKA ToxicmNodular gettre
> Characierized ‘by monkod entorgewoud of Ho
thyreict ghand ifn ttynoid nodulet anc
oNerbraduchor of Hyreit cs
3 ad amogt commen couse of typerthyricliam
(tn Previa) +
> Vpually occurs An ctder people » 48 of Ouknown
enicteay
Manage mmaud
+ Antithytoid dg to wake the faheuh orto
«Followed ry dota Ahyreiclectorny -
© Thypoxiuc. — feplac.wueut Post Surgery
© KP [Potoszivm Lodice) 1 avoided tecamte
+ cop peguth in dre Jod- Batecddro
plorowena-©) cs [tlaxgow Com Scala +
Behavior Response. scone
Se feng @©Spentancougty
Petpoa
@Te speocr
| @7T pain
| @no rewpoBe
==
Seat Verbal, @orieuked to time,
; Regpouse Plea and Peon
@Lonpused 4
@Pnappropnae vootd 3
Wracoupre’ sypte. Bourg 2
Oto RAEN 4
fest Motor =
use. © obeys Corfnard3
© moves to Cocalizad fain
© Flexion wWithamoal
from pain
© Abnormal Haxlon
© Abnomral exteuzion
= * No Regpouse
Polos Score =
Sez RegpouRe — IS
Comasoge chien - 8 OF 1088
Tolally umrespousive ~ 3(LYM eHE
LONSTIC FORMA >
SP js a reubktocutan ciptic avoelling of loa
Ayub and conaidened of a bony Ayuep hat C
jumour .
ti .
ete + eNelsts af a teaulk Soma tation
fo tortion of tee juguior Ayub
gor 1H HO veck $form the Liyuspha
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© Cystic hygroma hag eon fourd tn
argocialed with “Tate's Syudrow-
“Mle site + Postenor Hugi af #2 Neck-
oer eR Thorax
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Pougue RX groin
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«pr usually mauijests tn yo neorte of
jn early anfauay ond. occcusorally may
je. preyeur ob bith.
* cystic soetllig - ftuctahon Bh,
Partly comprensiblar
loan fluid pres > prilliouky
jronaillumout,
+ reseutations ~— Lough Puspulte Br
3) reseded in ter Ulrragourdl-
2) oraructed Lake
3) Reprolory aipens
4) swotlleg
5) 2udary Juferkiou -© diagrosia + PNAC
© “Weadwour >
5 papiration po\ioroet by sunpery
> Nery larye Aogions » nen .
ounrevae [eects Size. of
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4
Followed. toy Butyory -Mechanism : High Nelouty juror
* Secu in Yeung Jpationsg
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widdle — weuingeal arrey-
© Lucid futerial < Period of normal LONECIOUSULAS
bekoeon 2 episodes of impaired
LonBiousuows
© Lucid Dverval if common “uk ror Apatrog ono ic
of €0H
lestigedion :- Soc. ip NECT = Biconvex|bd shoes
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> Lioniotomy | durr-hde
> Burr Hote. 12 dour Close. to “plerion-
prerion 18 aH Shaped.
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eeu site whee
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> Fuducatious gor Lfouiotowy th EDH:
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2 > sum widlina suff
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> vlleu NCCT Ig woh avoddawe : Bunt uta /¢foveleny
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