Renal RENAL PHYSIOLOGY
MCQ
elevated blood
A patient witha severe burn injury develops a sudden drop in urine output and
1. mechanisms is MOST likely contributing to
urea nitrogen (BUN) levels. Which of the following
this acute kidney injury?
A) Increased glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
B) Decreased afferent arteriolar resistance
C) Reduced effective circulating volume
D) Increased secretion of aldosterone
proteinuria. Which of the following is the
2. Apatient with diabetes mellitus is found to have
MOST likely cause of proteinuria in this patient?
A) Damage to the proximal convoluted tubule
B) Damage to the glomerular filtration barrier
C) Increased secretion of ADH
D) Decreased secretion of renin
the thick ascending limb of the
3. A patient is taking a diuretic that inhibits sodium reabsorption in
Loop of Henle. Which of the following electrolyte imbalances is MOST likely to occur?
A) Hyperkalemia
B) Hyponatremia
c) Hyperkalemia
D) Hypernatremia
4. Apatient with ahistory of kidney stones presents with severe flank pain and hematuria. Which
of the following is the MOST likely diagnosis?
A) Renal cell carcinoma
B) Acute pyelonephritis
c) Renal calculi
D) Polycystic kidney disease
5. Apatient with an adrenal gland tumor is found to have hyperaldosteronism.Which of the
following electrolyte imbalances is MOST likely to be seen in this patient?
A) Hyperkalemia
B) Hyponatremia
c) Hypokalemia
D) Hypercalcemia
6. Apatient with a spinalcord injury has difficulty initiating urination. Which of the following is
MOST likelythe cause of this urinary retention?
A) Overactive bladder
B) Detrusor muscle hypertonicity
C) Damage to the pontine micturition center
D) Increased sympathetic nervous system activity
Reral
the following is the most
7. Apatient with chronickidney disease is experiencing anemia. Which of
likely cause?
A) Decreased production of erythropoietin
B) Increased breakdown of red blood cells
C) Bone marrow suppression
D)Vitamin B12 deficiency
due to:
8. Apatient with a history of heart failure develops worsening kidney function. This is likely
A) Reduced renal blood flow from decreased cardiac output
B) Increased glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
C) Direct kidney damage from heart failure medications
D) Formation of kidney stones
9. A
patient has a condition that leads to an increase in antidiuretic hormone (ADH) levels. Which of the
following would be a potential effect on the kidneys?
A) Increased urine output
B) Decreased water reabsorption in the collecting duct
C) Increased water reabsorption in the collecting duct
D) Decreased sodium reabsorption in the distal tubule
10. Apatient is being considered for peritoneal dialysis. Which of the following isa potential advantage
of this treatment?
A) More efficient removal of waste products
B) Less risk of infection
C) Greater flexibility in daily activities
D) Fewer dietary restrictions
