Annexure - 3g
PH66301 : Q UANTUM C OMMUNICATION S YSTEMS (E LECTIVE - II)
(Credits: L-3,P-0,T-0. Marks: CW+TH=30+70)
Course Objectives
To introduce quantum transmission and detection mechanism along with coherent / in-
coherent system. To introduce conventional IM/DD optical systems and new optical com-
munication technologies like FSO along with the transmission system design concepts.
Course Outcome
Students will be able to unerstand the concepts of optical communication and system
design as well as capable to configuring an optical link along with transmission losses,
dispersion and power penalty management.
Syllabus
Unit 1. Optical Transmitters : Optical transmitter, intensity modulation, LEDs, Laser diodes
fundamentals. Efficiency, characteristics, modulation bandwith emission pattern,
source limitations, nnoise in lasers, effect of noise on different modulation schemes,
external optical modulators.
Unit 2. Optical Receivers : Devices types, optical detection principle, quantum efficiency,
responsivity, semicondcutor photodiodes with and without internal gain, phototran-
sistors, photoconductive detectors, noises encountered in channel as well as in receiver,
signal-tonoise ratio (SNR) calculations, receiver strcutures, optical preamplifiers.
Unit 3. Free Space Optics : Introduction to FSO, beam divergence, atmospheric attenuation,
weather condition influence, atmospheric turbulence effects viz scientillation, beam
wander and beam spreading, Transmission parameters, sources and detectors for FSO
terrestrial systej FSO link performance.
Unit 4. Coherenct Optical Communication : Detection principles, practical constraints,
modulation formats homodyne and heterodyne detection, phase diversity reception,
receiver sensitivities, BER, system performance, multicarrier system and network con-
cepts.
Unit 5. Transmission System Design : Intensity modulation/direct detection, design con-
siderations, Digital systems, regenerative repeatr, bit error rate (BER) eye diagram,
link design: power budget, rise time budget, Analog system, dirct intensity modu-
lation, subcarrier intensity modulation, power penalty associated with transmitter,
receiver and optical amplifier, Amplifier spacing penalty, Crosstalk, crosstalk reduc-
tion, wavelength stabiliztion.
Text Books
1. H. Kolimbris, Fiber optics communications, Pearson Education, 17e, 2004.
2. J. Gower, Opticl communiation systems, PHI 2/e, 2001.
3. J. M. Senior, Optical fiber communications, Principles and Practice, (PHI), 2/e, 2004.
Reference Books
1. G.P. Agrawal, Fiber optica communication systems, John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 3/e 2002.
2. R. Ramaswami and K. N. Sivarajan, Optical Networks, Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, 2/e, 2002.
Annexure - 3h
PH66305 : O PTICAL N ETWORKS
(Credits: L-3,P-0,T-0. Marks: CW+TH=30+70)
Course Objectives
CO#1. To provide knowledge about evolution of Optical networks,
CO#2. Deep understanding of Transmission standards, routing and switching.
CO#3. To infix concepts of network components in WDM/DWDM, ATM, SONET and SDH
networks.
Course Outcome
CO#1. Understand the basic concepts involved in current technologies e.g., FTTH, FDDI,
SONET etc.
CO#2. Will be capable of analysing, designing and configure typical optical communica-
tion networks.
Syllabus
Unit 1. Introduction to Optical Networks: First and second generation optical networks,
network topologies and protocols, circuit and packet switching. OSI model, multiplex-
ing techniques, transparency of regenerators, Broadcast and Select Networks: MAC
protocols, throughput calculation, aloha and slotted aloha.
Unit 2. WDM networks and components : WDM networks, DWDM, CWDM, WDM multi-
plexers and demultiplexers, Arrayed waveguide grating, optical add/drop multiplex-
ers, fiber Bragg gratings as add/drop multiplexers, WDM Filters, Fabry Perot filters,
acousto-optic tunable filters, switching technologies, characterization of switches.
Unit 3. Client Layers & Storage Area Networks: SONET/SDH, ATM: Functions, Adapta-
tion Layers, Flow Control, IP: Routing & Forwarding, QoS, ESCON, Fiber Channel,
HIPPI, Gigabit & 10-Gigabit Ethernet.
Unit 4. Wavelength Routing Networks: Classification of light paths, The Optical layer,
Wavelength Cross Connects (WXC) wavelength reuse, node design, degree of wave-
length conversion, Static and reconfigurable network, N/W design considerations.
Unit 5. Photonic Packet Switching:Optical time domain multiplexing (OTDM), methods
of multiplexing and demultiplexing, broadcast OTDM networks, bit interleaving and
packet interleaving, optical AND gates, nonlinear optical loop mirrors, switch based
networks, deflection routing.
Text Books
1. R. Ramaswami and K. N. Sivarajan, Optical Networks : A Practical Perspective, Harcourt Asia P. Ltd. 1999.
2. C. S. R. Murthy and M. Gurusamy, WDM Optical Networks, Prentice Hall, 2002.
3. A.S. Tanenbaum, Computer Networks, Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., 2002.
Reference Books
1. J.E. Midwinter, Photonics in Switching, Academic Press, 1993.
2. U. Black, Optical Networks, Prentice Hall, 2002.
