Appendix A

A.1 Steam Tables*

Table A.1.1 Saturated Steam: Temperature Table

Specific Volume, m'kg Internal Energy, kJ/kg

Temp. Pressure Sat. Sat. Sat.
Enthalpy, kJkg Entropy, kJ/kg K
Sat. Sat.
°C kPa, MPa Liquid Vapour Sat. Sat. Sat
Liquid Evap. Vapour Liquid Evap. Vapour
T P
Vg Liquid Evap. Vapour
Ufg h hig he Sf
0.01 0.6113 0.001000 206.132 Sfg Sg
0.00 2375.3 2375.3 0.00 2501.3 2501.3
0.8721 0.001000 147.118 0.0000 9.1562 9.1562,
20.97 2361.3 2382.2 20.98 2489.6 2510.5
10 1.2276 0.001000 0.0761 8.9496 9.0257
106.377 41.99 2347.2 2389.2 41.99 2477.7 2519.7 0.1510 8.7498 8.9007
15 1.7051 0.001001 77.925 62.98 2333.1 2396.0 62.98 2465.9 2528.9
20
0.2245 8.5569 8.7813
2.3385 0.001002 57.790 83.94 2319.0 2402.9 83.94 2454.1 2538.1 0.2966 8.3706 8.6671
25 3.1691 0.001003 43.359 104.86 2304.9 2409.8 104.87 2442.3 2547.2 0.3673 8.1905 8.5579
30 4.2461 0.001004 32.893 125.77 2290.8 2416.6 125.77 2430.5 2556.2 0.4369 8.0164 8.4533
35 5.6280 0.001006 25.216 146.65 2276.7 2423.4 146.66 2418.6 2565.3 0.5052 7.8478 8.3530
40 7.3837 0.001008 19.523 167.53 2262.6 2430.1 167.54 2406.7 2574.3 0.5724 7.6845 8.2569
45 9.5934 0.001010 15.258 188.41 2248.4 2436.8 188.42 2394.8 2583.2 0.6386 7.5261 8.1647
50 12.350 0.001012 12.032 209.30 2234.2 2443.5 209.31 2382.7 2592.1 0.7037 7.3725 8.0762
55 15.758 0.001015 9.568 230.19 2219.9 2450.1 230.20 2370.7 2600.9 0.7679 7.2234 7.9912
60 19.941 0.001017 7.671 251.09 2205.5 2456.6 251.11 2358.5 2609.6 0.8311 7.0784 7.9095
65 25.033 0.001020 6.197 272.00 2191.1 2463.1 272.03 2346.2 2618.2 0.8934 6.9375 7.8309
70 31.188 0.001023 5.042 292.93 2176.6 2469.5 292.96 2333.8 2626.8 0.9548 6.8004 7.7552
75 38.578 0.001026 4.131 313.87 2162.0 2475.9 313.91 2321.4 2635.3 1.0154 6.6670 7.6824
80 47.390 0.001029 3.407 334.84 2147.4 2482.2 334.88 2308.8 2643.7 1.0752 6.5369 7.6121
85 57.834 0.001032 2.828 355.82 2132.6 2488.4 355.88 2296.0 2651.9 1.1342 6.4102 7.5444
90 70.139 0.001036 2.361 376.82 2117.7 2494.5 376.90 2283.2 2660.1 1.1924 6.2866 7.4790
95 84.554 0.001040 1.982 397.86 2102.7 2500.6 397.94 2270.2 2668.1 1.2500 6.1659 7.4158
100 0.10135 0.001044 1.6729 418.91 2087.6 2506.5 419.02 2257.0 2676.0 1.3068 6.0480 7.3548

* Adapted from Joseph H. Keenan, Frederick G.Keyes, Philip G. Hill, and Joan G. Moore, Steam Tables, John Wiley and Sons. New York. 1969.
(Conta)
Table A.1.1 (Contd.)
Enthalpy, kJ/kg Entropy, kJ/kg K
Specific olume, m'kg Internal Energy, kJ/kg Sat. Sat. Sat
Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat.
Temp. Pressure Liquid Evap. Vapour
Evap. Vapour Liquid Evap. Vapour
°C kPa, MPa Liquid Vapour Liquid S S
P Vg lig h, hg
440.13 2243.7 2683.8 1.3629 5.9328 7.2958
1.4194 440.00 2072.3 2512.3
105 0.12082 0.001047 1.4184 5.8202 7.2386
2518.1 461.27 2230.2 2691.5
0.001052 1.2102 461.12 2057.0
110 0.14328 1.4733 5.7100 7.1832
2523.7 482.46 2216.5 2699.0
0.16906 0.001056 1.0366 482.28 2041.4 5.6020 7.1295
115 503.69 2202.6 2706.3 1.5275
503.48 2025.8 2529.2
120 0.19853 0.001060 0.8919 2713.5 1.5812 5.4962 7.0774
524.72 2009.9 2534.6 524.96 2188.5
0.2321 0.001065 0.77059 7.0269
125 546.29 2174.2 2720.5 1.6343 5.3925
546.00 1993.9 2539.9
130 0.2701 0.001070 0.66850 5.2907 6.9777
1977.7 2545.0 567.67 2159.6 2727.3 1.6869
0.001075 0.5821 7 567.34
135 0.3130 5.1908 6.9298

Apendics
589.11 2144.8 2733.9 1.7390
0.50885 588.72 1961.3 2550.0
140 0.3613 0.001080 2129.6 2740.3 1.7906 5.0926 6.8832
610.16 1944.7 2554.9 610.61
0.4154 0.001085 0.44632 4.9960 6.8378
145 2559.5 632.18 2114.3 2746.4 1.8417
0.001090 0.39278 631.66 1927.9
150 0.4759 2098.6 2752.4 1.8924 4.9010 6.7934
0.34676 653.23 1910.8 2564.0 653.82
155 0.5431 0.001096 6.7501
2568.4 675.53 2082.6 2758.1 1.9426 4,8075
0.001102 0.30706 674.85 1893.5
160 0.6178
697.32 2066.2 2763.5 1.9924 4.7153 6.7078
0.27269 696.55 1876.0 2572.5
165 0.7005 0.001108 2.0418 4.6244 6.6663
1858.1 2576.5 719.20 2049.5 2768.7
170 0.7917 0.001114 0.24283 718.31 2.0909 4.5347 6.6256
1840.0 2580.2 741.16 2032.4 2773.6
175 0.8920 0.001121 0.21680 740.16 6.5857
2583.7 763.21 2015.0 2778.2 2.1395 4.4461
1.0022 0.001127 0.19405 762.08 1821.6
180 1997.1 2782.4 2.1878 4.3586 6.5464
784.08 1802.9 2587.0 785.36
185 1.1227 0.001134 0.17409 4.2720 6.5078
1783.8 2590.0 807.61 1978.8 2786.4 2.2358
0.001141 0.15654 806.17
190 1.2544 2790.0 2.2835 4.1863 6.4697
828.36 1764.4 2592.8 829.96 1960.0
195 1.3978 0.001149 0.14105 4.1014 6.4322
2595.3 852.43 1940.7 2793.2 2.3308
1.5538 0.001156 0.12736 850.64 1744.7
200 2796.0 2.3779 4.0172 6.3951
0.11521 873.02 1724.5 2597.5 875.03 1921.0
205 1.7230 0.001164 2.4247 3.9337 6.3584
895.51 1703.9 2599.4 897.75 1900.7 2798.5
210 1.9063 0.001173 0.10441 3.8507 6.3221
1682.9 2601.1 920.61 1879.9 2800.5 2.4713
215 2.1042 0.00118I 0.09479 918.12
2802.1 2.5177 3.7683 6.2860
220 2.3178 0.001190 0.08619 940.85 1661.5 2602.3 943.61 1858.5
(Contd.)
76
 Table A.1.1 (Contd.)
Specific Volume, m'kg Internal Energy, kJ/kg Enthalpy, kJ/kg
Temp. Pressure Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat.
Entropy. kJkg K
Sat
768
°C kPa, MPa Liquid Vapour Liquid Evap. Vapour Liquid Evap. Vapour Liquid
P VË
Evap. Vapour
T Wig h, hig ha S
S
225
2.5477 0.001199 0.7849 963.72 1639.6 2603.3 966.77 1836.5 2803.3 2.5639 3.6863 6.2502
230 2.7949 0.001209 0.07158 986.72 1617.2 2603.9 990.10 1813.8 2803.9 2.6099 3.6047 6.2146
235 3.0601I 0.001219 0.06536 1009.88 1594.2 2604.1 1013.61 1790.5 2804.1 2.6557 3.5233 6.1791
3.3442 0.001229 0.05976 1033.19 1570.8 2603.9 1037.31 1766.5 2803.8 2.7015 3.4422 6.1436
240
245 3.6482 0.001240 0.05470 1056.69 1546.7 2603.4 1061.21 1741.7 2802.9 2.7471 3.3612 6.1083
3.9730 0.001251 0.05013 1080.37 1522.0 2602.4 1085.34 1716.2 2801.5 2.7927 3.2802 6.0729

Engiecr
250
255 4.3195 0.001263 0.04598 1104.26 1496.7 2600.9 1109.72 1689.8 2799.5 2.8382 3.1992 6.0374
260 4.6886 0.001276 0.04220 1128.37 1470.6 2599.0 1134.35 1662.5 2796.9 2.8837 3.1181 6.0018
265 5.0813 0.001289 0.03877 1152.72 1443.9 2596.6 1159.27 1634.3 2793.6 2.9293 3.0368 5.9661
270 5.4987 0.001302 0.03564 1177.33 1416.3 2593.7 1184.49 1605.2 2789.7 2.9750 2.9551 5.9301
5.941 0.001317 0.03279 1202.23 1387.9 2590.2 1210.05 1574.9 2785.0 3.0208 2.8730 5.8937
275
6.4117 0.001332 0.03017 1227.43 1358.7 2586.1 1235.97 1543.6 2779.5 3.0667 2.7903 5.8570
280
0.02777 1252.98 1328.4 2581.4 1262.29 1511.0 2773.3 3.1129 2.7069 5.8198
285 6.9094 0.001348
1278.89 1297.1 2576.0 1289.04 1477.1 2766.1 3.1593 2.6227 5.7821
290 7.4360 0.001366 0.02557
1305.21 1264.7 2569.9 1316.27 1441.8 2758.0 3.2061 2.5375 5.7436
295 7.9928 0.001384 0.02354
2563.0 1344.01 1404.9 2748.9 3.2533 2.4511 5.7044
300 8.5810 0.001404 0.02167 1331.97 1231.0
1372.33 1366.4 2738.7 3.3009 2.3633 5.6642
9.2018 0.001425 0.01995 1359.22 1195.9 2555.2
305 2.2737 5.6229
1387.03 1159.4 2546.4 1401.29 1326.0 2727.3 3.3492
310 9.8566 0.001447 0.01835 2.1821 5.5803
1415.44 1121.1 2536.6 1430.97 1283.5 2714.4 3.3981
315 10.547 0.001472 0.01687
2525.5 1461.45 1238.6 2700.1 3.4479 2.0882 5.5361
320 11.274 0.001499 0.01549 1444.55 1080.9
2498.9 1525.29 1140.6 2665.8 3.5506 1.8909 5.4416
330 12.845 0.001561 0.012996 1505.24 993.7
1027.9 2622.0 3.6593 1.6763 5.3356
0.010797 1570.26 .894.3 2464.5 1594.15
340 14.586 0.001638 3.7776 1.4336 5.2111
1641.81 776.6 2418.4 1670.54 893.4 2563.9
350 16.514 0.001740 0.0088 13 3.9146 1.1379 5.0525
1725.19 626.3 2351.5 1760.48 720.5 2481.0
360 18.651 0.001892 0.006945 0.6868 4.7972
1890.37 441.8 2332. 1l 4.1104
0.004926 1843.84 384.7 2228.5
370 21.028 0.002213 4.4297 4.4297
2099.26 2099.3
374.14 22.089 0.003155 0.003155 2029.58 2029.6
(Contd.)
 Table A.1.2 Saturated Water: Pressure Table
Enthalpy, kJ/kg Entropy, kJ/kg K
Specific Volume, mkg Internal Energy. kJkg Sat. Sat
Sat. Sat. Sat.
Tem. Sat. Sat. Sat.
Pressure Liquid Evap. Vapour
Liquid Evap. Vapour Liquid Evap. Vapour
kPa °C Liquid Vapour
T llfg h, hig h, Sfg
P 'g
2501.3 2501.3 9.1562 9.1562
0.001000 206.132 2375.3 2375.3 0.00
0.6113 0.01 2484.9 2514.2 0.1059 8.8697 8.9756
129.208 29.29 2355.7 2385.0 29.29
1.0 6.98 0.001000 0.1956 8.6322 8.8278
2338.6 2393.3 54.70 2470.6 2525.3
13.03 0.001001 87.980 54.70 8.4629 8.7236
1.5 73.47 2460.0 2533.5 0.2607
67.004 73.47 2326.0 2399.5
2.0 17.50 0.001001 2540.0 0.3120 8.331| 8.6431
88.47 2315.9 2404.4 88.47 2451.6
21.08 0.001002 54.254 0.3545 8.2231 8.5775
2.5 101.03 2444.5 2545.5
45.665 101.03 2307.5 2408.5
3.0 24.08 0.001003
2554.4 0.4226 8.0520 8.4746
2415.2 121.44 2432.9
0.001004 34.800 121.44 2293.7 0.4763 7.9187 8.3950
4.0 28.96 137.79 2423.7 2561.4
2420.5

Aypendics
28.193 137.79 2282.7 0.5763 7.6751 8.2514
5.0 32.88 0.001005 2406.0 2574.8
168.76 2261.7 2430.5 168.77
7.5 40.29 0.001008 19.238 2584.6 0.6492 7.5010 8.1501
191.79 2246.1 2437.9 191.81 2392.8
10.0 45.81 0.001010 14.674 2599.1 0.7548 7.2536 8.0084
225.90 2222.8 2448.7 225.91 2373.1
53.97 0.001014 10.022 0.8319 7.0766 7.9085
15.0 2205.4 2456.7 251.38 2358.3 2609.7
7.649 251.35 6.9383 7.8313
20.0 60.06 0.001017 271.90 2346.3 2618.2 0.8930.
271.88 2191.2 2463.1
64.97 0.001020 6.204
2626.3 0.9439 6.8247 7.7686
25.0 289.18 2179.2 2468.4 289.21 2336.1
69.10 0.001022 5.229 2319.2 2636.7 1.0258 6.6441 7.6700
30.0 317.51 2159.5 2477.0 317.55
75.87 0.001026 3.993 2645.9 1.0910 6.5029 7.5939
40.0 340.42 2143.4 2483.8 340.47 2305.4
81.33 0.001030 3.240 2663.0 1.2129 6.2434 7.4563
50.0 384.29 2112.4 2496.7 384.36 2278.6
91.77 0.001037 2.217
75.0
MPa 1.3025 6.0568 7.3593
2088.7 2506.1 417.44 2258.0 2675.5
0.001043 1.6940 417.33 1.3739 5.9104 7.2843
0.100 99.62 2513.5 444.30 2241.1 2685.3
0.125 105.99 0.001048 1.3749 444.16 2069.3 1.4335 5.7897 7.2232
2052.7 2519.6 467.08 2226.5 2693.5
0.150 111.37 0.001053 1.1593 466.92 7.1717
486.97 2213.6 2700.5 1.4848 5.6868
1.0036 486.78 2038.1 2524.9
0.175 116.06 0.001057 1.5300 5.5970 7.1271
2529.5 504.68 2202.0 2706.6
0.200 120.23 0.001061 0.8857 504.47 2025.0
520.69 2191.3 2712.0 1.5705 5.5173 7.0878
0.225 124.00 0.001064 0.7933 520.45 2013.1 2533.6
2716.9 1.6072 5.4455 7.0526
0.7187 535.08 2002.1 2537.2 535.34 2181.5
0.250 127.43 0.001067
(Contd.)
Table A.1.2 (Contd.)
Specific Volume, m'kg Internal Energy, kJIkg
Pressure Temp. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat.
Enthalpy, kJkg
Sat. Sut.
Entropy, kJlkg K
Sat.
70
kPa °C Liquid Vapour Liguid Evap. Vapour Liquid Evap. Vapour Liquid Evap. Vapour
P T V V h hig h, S Sig Sg
0.275 130.60 0.001070 0.6573 548.57 1992.0 2540.5 548.87 2172.4 2721.3 1.6407 5.3801 7.0208
0.300 133.55 0.001073 0.6058 561.13 1982.4 2543.6 561.45 2163.9 2725.3 1.6717 5:.3201 6.9918
0.325 136.30 0.001076 0.5620 572.88 1973.5 2546.3 573.23 2155.8 2729.0 1.7005 5.2646 6.9651
0.350 138.88 0.001079 0.5243 583.93 1965.0 2548.9 584.31 2148.1 2732.4 1.7274 5.2130 6.9404
0.375 141.32 0.001081 0.4914 594.38 1956.9 2255.13 594.79 2140.8 2735.6 1.7527 5.1647 6.9174
0.001084 0.4625 004.29 1949.3 2553.6 604.73 2133.8 2738.5 1.7766 5.1193 6.8958

EnTghiermodyacs
0.40 143.63
0.45 147.93 0.001088 0.4140 622.75 1934.9 2557.6 623.24 2120.7 2743.9 1.8206 5.0359 6.8565
0.50 151.86 0.001093 0.3749 639.66 1921.6 2561.2 640.21 2108.5 2748.7 1.8606 4.9606 6.8212
0.55 155.48 0.001097 0.3427 655.30 1909.2 2564.5 655.91 2097.0 2752.9 1.8972 4.8920 6.7892
0.60 158.85 0.001101 0.3157 669.88 1897.5 2567.4 670.54 2086.3 2756.8 1.9311 4.8289 6.7600
0.65 162.01 0.001104 0.2927 683.55 1886.5 2570.1 684.26 2076.0 2760.3 1.9627 4.7704 6.7330
0.70 164.97 0.001108 0.2729 696.43 1876.1 2572.5 697.20 2066.3 2763.5 1.9922 4.7158 6.7080
0.75 167.77 0.001111 0.2556 708.62 1866.1 2574.7 709.45 2057.0 2766.4 2.0199 4.6647 6.6846
0.80 170.43 0.001Ls 0.2404 720.20 1856.6 2576.8 721.10 2048.0 2769.1 2.0461 4.6166 6.6627
0.85 172.96 0.001118 0.2270 731.25 1847.4 2578.7 732.20 2039,4 2771.6 2.0709 4.5711 6.6421
0.90 175.38 0.001121 0.2150 741.81 1838.7 2580.5 742.82 2031.1 2773.9 2.0946 4.5280 6.6225
0.95 177.69 0.001124 0.2042 751.94 1830.2 2582.1 753.00 2023.i 2776.1 2.1171 4.4869 6.6040
179,91 0.001127 0.19444 761.67 1822.0 2583.6 762.79 2015.3 2778.1 2.1386 4.4478 6.5864
I.10 184.09 0.001133 0.17753 780.08 1806.3 2586.4 781.32 2000.4 2781.7 2.179T 4.3744 6.5535
1.20 187.99 0.001139 0.16333 797.27 1791.6 2588.8 798.64 1986.2 2784.8 2.2165 4.3067 6.5233
1.30 191.64 0.001144 0.15125 813.42 1777.5 2590.9 814.91 1972.7 2787.6 2.2514 4.2438 6.4953
1,40 195.07 0.001149 0.14084 828.68 1764.1 2592.8 830.29 1959.7 2790.0 2.2842 4.1850 6.4692
1.50 198.32 0.001154 0.13177 843.14 1751.3 2594.5 844.87 1947.3 2792. 1 2.3150 4.2198 6.4448
1.75 205.76 0.001166 0.11349 876.44 1721.4 2597.8 878.48 1918.0 2796.4 2.3851 4.0044 6.3895
2.00 212.42 0.901177 0.09963 906.42 1693.8 2600.3 908,77* 1890.7 2799.5 2.4473 3.8935 6.3408
2.25 218.45 OJ001187 0.08875 933.81 1668.2 2602.0 936.48 1865.2 2801.7 2.5034 3.7938 6.2971
(Contd)
 Table A.1.2(Contd.)
Specific Volume, m'kg Internal Energy, kl/kg Enthalpy. kJkg Entropy, kJ/kg K
Pressue Temp. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat
MPa Liquid Vapour Liquid Evap. Vapour Liquid Evap. Vapour Liquid Evap. Vapour
P h hig h, S Sfg
959.09 1644.0 2603.1 962.09 1841.0 2803.1 2.5546 3.7028 6.2574
2.50 223.99 0.001197 0.07998
985.97 1817.9 2803.9 2.6018 3.6190 6.2208
229.12 0.001207 0.07275 982.65 1621.2 2603.8
2.75 2804. I 2.6456 3.5412 6.1869
1599.3 2604.1 1008.41 1795.7
3.00 233.90 0.001216 0.06668 1004.76
1029.60 1774.4 2804.0 2.6866 3.4685 6.1551
1025.62 1578.4 2604.0
3.25 238.38 0.001226 0.06152 2803.4 2.7252 3.4000 6.1252
1045.41 1558.3 2603.7 1049.73 1753.7
0.001235 0.05707 6.0700
3.50 242.60 1087.29 1714.1 2801.4 2.7963 3.2737
0.049778 1082.28 1520.0 2602.3 3.0532 5.9733
4.0 250.40 0.001252 1640.1 2794.3 2.9201
2597.1 1154.21

Apendics
0.039441 1147.78 1449.3 5.8891
263.99 0.001286 2784.3 3.0266 2.8625
5.0 1384.3 2589.7 1213.32 1571.0
0.001319 0.032440 1205.41 3.1210 2.6922 5.8132
6.0 275.64 1323.0 2580.5 1266.97 1505.1 2772.1
0.027370 1257.51 2757.9
3.2067 2.5365 5.7431
7.0 285.88 0.001351 1316.61 1441.3
1305.54 1264.3 2569.8 2.3915 5.6771
295.06 0.001384 0.023518 1363.23 1378.9 2742.1 3.2857
8.0 1350.47 1207.3 2557.8 2.2545 5.6140
0.001418 0.020484 1317.1 2724.7 3.3595
9.0 303.40 1393.00 1151.4 2544.4 1407.53 5.5527
0.018026 1255.5 2705.6 3.4294 2.1233
0.001452 1450.05
10.0 311.06 1433.68 1096.1 2529.7
3.4961 1.9962 5.4923
0.001489 0.015987 1491.24 1193.6 2684.8
11.0 318.15 1040.8 2513.7 1.8718 5.4323
0.014263 1472.92
1130.8 2662.2 3.5604
324.75 0.001527 2496.1 1531.46 5.3716
12.0 0.012780
1511.09 985.0 1066.5 2637.5 3.6231 1.7485
330.93 0.001567 2476.8 1571.08 3.6847 1.6250 5.3097
13.0 0.011485
1548.53 928.2 1000.0 2610.5
336.75 0.001611 2455.4 1610.45 1.4995 5.2454
14.0 0.010338
1585.58 869.8 930.6 2580.6 3.4760
0.001658 2431.7 1650.00 1.3698 5.1776
15.0 342.24 1622.63 809.1 856.9 2547.2 3.8078
0.009306 1690.25 5.1044
347.43 0.001711 744.8 2405.0 3.8713 1.2330
16.0 0.008365 1660.16
1731.97 777.I 2509.1
5.0227
352.37 0.001770
675.4 2374.3 3.9387 1.0841
17.0 0.007490 1698.8 1776.43 688.1 2464.5
4.9269
0.001840 2338.1 4.0137 0.9132
18.0 357.06 1739.87 598.2 583.6 2409.7
0.006657 I826. 18 0.6942 4.8015
361.54 0.001924
507.6 2293.1 2334.7 4.1073
19.0 0.002035 0.005834
1785.47
I888.30 446.4
0.1917 4.5224
365.81 388.7 2230.7 4.3307
20.0 1841.97 124.0 2159.0
0.002206
0.004953
2081.4
2034.92
0 4.4297
369.89 J08.2 4.4297
21.0 1973. 16 2099.3
0.003526 2099.26 (Contd.)
373.80 0.002808 2029.6
22.0 0.003 155 2029.58
0.003155
22.09 374.14