International Journal of Research in Engineering, IT and Social Science, ISSN 2250-0588, Impact Factor: 6.
565,
Volume 09, Special Issue 1, May 2019, Page 184-190
Design & Fabrication of Staircase Climbing
Trolley
Mallikarjuna Makana1, Ch.Varun Kumar2, A.Satheesh Kumar3, P.Harashavardhan Reddy4,
Sk.Ahamad Kife5
1
Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Narayana Engineering College,
Guduru, Andhra Pradesh, India.
2,3,4,5
Student, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Narayana Engineering College, Guduru,
Andhra Pradesh, India.
Abstract: Local Goods Transportation A hand trolley is a small transport device
generally depends on manual Trolleys used to move heavy loads from one place to
which are used in warehouses, construction another. It is a very common tool used by a
sites, malls, residential relocations etc., large number of industries that transport
These Trolleys when they are used on physical products. Also called a hand truck or
staircases have some severe limitations. So a dolly, the hand trolley is often used by stock
here we propose a smartly designed persons who arrange and restock merchandise
staircase climbing trolley. This staircase in retail stores. When used properly, trolleys
climbing trolley which is to be used to carry can protect people from back injuries and
goods up and down on staircases easily. The other health problems that can result from
design of staircase climbing trolley is lifting heavy loads.
prepared using CATIA - V5, prototype is
prepared using Rapid Prototyping Machine 1.1. Description
and Working model is prepared finally.
A typical hand trolley consists of two
The trolley makes use of a triple interlinked small wheels located beneath a load-bearing
wheel arrangement that allows it to do so. platform, the hand trolley usually has two
The mechanism uses a trolley with a handles on its support frame. These handles
support wheel arrangement which will be are used to push, pull and maneuver the
used for support when at rest and will be device. The handles may extend from the top
suspended in air while the trolley is moved rear of the frame, or one handle may curve
by lifting it. The interlinked wheel from the back. An empty hand trolley usually
mechanism consists of 3 freely moving stands upright in an L-shape, and products are
wheels. These wheels are connected to a usually stacked on top of the platform. When
connecting rod. There 3 such connecting the goods are in place, it is tilted backward so
shafts for each wheel with a main rod that the load is balanced between the platform
connecting through a free moving bearing and the support frame. Especially if heavy or
mechanism to the three rods. This fragile materials are moved, the person
mechanism allows for efficient stair operating the trolley should return it to an
climbing functionality. This functionality upright position carefully, to insure nothing
allows for easy movement of goods across falls off the platform. The front of the frame
stair cases. may be squared off for boxes or curved for
drums and barrels. Sometimes, a hand truck
1. Introduction
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International Journal of Research in Engineering, IT and Social Science, ISSN 2250-0588, Impact Factor: 6.565,
Volume 09, Special Issue 1, May 2019, Page 184-190
also has straps for securing loose freight Bearings
during transport. Connecting Rods
Goods Holder Frame
1.2. Types of Trolley Handle Rods
Connecting Rods
Different types of these trolleys exist,
Support Rods
and the type used is often chosen based on
what type of material it will move. Hand Supporting Frame
trolleys are made of various types of hard Joints & Screws
materials, including steel, aluminum and high-
Advantages:
impact plastic. Most hand trolleys come in
standard sizes and are used for general loads, Easy Vertical Transportation
but there are some that are specifically Smart Approach
designed for very small or large products. Material Transport in Buildings
wheeled trolley More number of items is carry at a time
folding trolley Less effect to carry goods
Garden trolley Works on both flat & staircases surfaces
Kitchen trolley
Disadvantages:
sack trolley
This is not suitable for all type of stairs
The load is not excited to more than half
1.3. Need for Stair Climber Trolley ton
Lifting heavy objects to upper stories or
Load increases with the applying force
lifting patients to upper levels from the ground
also increases
are not painless jobs, especially where there
Because there is no visual barrier between
are no lifting facilities (elevator, conveyer,
the two floors connected by a straight
etc.). Moreover, most of the buildings are
staircase.
structurally congested and do not have
elevators or escalators. This project can
introduce a new option for the transportation
of loads over the stairs. The stair climbing
hand trolley can play an important role in
those areas to lift loads over a short height.
The stair-climbing hand truck is designed to
reduce liability rather than increase it.
Conventional hand trucks work well on flat
ground, but their usefulness decreases when it
becomes necessary to move an object over an
Fig: Block Diagram Stair Case Climbing
irregular surface. Package deliverymen, for
Trolley
example, often find it necessary to drag loaded
hand trucks up short flights of stairs just to
2. Design and Construction
reach the front door of a building. The entire
purpose of using a conventional hand truck is
to avoid having to lift and carry heavy objects 2.1. Tri- Wheel Design
around. The Tri-wheel was designed in 1967 by
Robert and John Forsyth of the Lockheed
Components Aircraft Corporation. They were first
Wheels developed as a module of the Lockheed
Terrastar, a commercially unsuccessful
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Volume 09, Special Issue 1, May 2019, Page 184-190
amphibious military vehicle. A Tri-Star wheel
functions as an ordinary wheel on flat ground,
but has the ability to climb automatically when
an impediment to rolling is encountered. This
wheel design consists of three tires, each
mounted to a separate shaft. These shafts are
located at the vertices of an equilateral
triangle. The three shafts are geared to a
fourth, central shaft (to which a motor may be
attached). When geared in this quasi-planetary Fig: Wheel movement on staircase surface
fashion, these triangular sets of wheels can
negotiate many types of terrain, including sand 2.2. Wheel Frame
and mud; they can also allow a vehicle to A specially designed wheel frame is
climb over small obstructions such as rocks, required to hold the three wheels together on
holes, and stairs. The wheel assembly may be each side of the shaft. In the existing design,
gear-driven, with two wheels in rolling contact the power transmission to the single or double
with the ground. The third wheel idles at the wheel trolley is useless to climb the stairs due
top until the lower front wheel hits an to height factor of stairs. The design of the
obstruction. straight wheel frame became more
complicated and was needed to be modified
with its curved- spherical shape to give proper
drive, which creates more frictional force. For
these reason, three wheel set on each side of
vehicle attached with frame was introduced to
provide smooth power transmission in order to
climb stairs without much difficulty. Frame
arrangement is suitable to transmit exact
velocity ratio also. It provided higher
efficiency and compact layout with reliable
service. Easier maintenance was possible in
case of replacing any defective parts such as
nut, bolt, washer, etc.
Fig: Wheel movement on flat surfaces
In our project, we are using this Tri- wheel
arrangement in a hand trolley in the place of
normal wheels setup to enable the trolley to
climb up and down the stair cases and also to
up come small obstacles like holes and bumps
on its path. Fig: Straight Wheel Frame
3. Introduction Design Software
CATIA-V5
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Volume 09, Special Issue 1, May 2019, Page 184-190
Computer Aided three-dimensional interactive
application) is a multi-platform software suite
for computer-aided design (CAD), computer-
aided manufacturing (CAM), computer-aided
engineering (CAE), PLM and 3D, developed
by the French company Dassault System
3.1. Mechanical Engineering
CATIA enables the creation of 3D parts,
from 2D sketches, sheet metal, composites,
and molded, forged or tooling parts up to the
definition of mechanical assemblies. The
software provides advanced technologies for
mechanical surfacing & BIW. It provides tools
to complete product definition, including
functional tolerances as well as kinematics
definition. CATIA provides a wide range of
applications for tooling design, for both
generic tooling and mold & die. In the case of
Aerospace engineering an additional module
named the aerospace sheet metal design offers
the user combine the capabilities of generative
sheet metal design and generative surface
design.
CATIA offers a solution to shape design,
styling, surfacing workflow and visualization
to create, modify and validate complex
innovative shapes from industrial design to
Class-A surfacing with the ICEM surfacing
technologies. CATIA supports multiple stages
of product design whether started from scratch
or from 2D sketches (blueprints).
Designed Parts in CATIA-V5
Tri-Cycle Tire
4. RAPID PROTOTYPING
It is a group of techniques used to quickly
fabricate a scale model of a physical part or
assembly using three-dimensional computer
aided design (CAD) data Construction of the
part or assembly is usually done using 3D
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International Journal of Research in Engineering, IT and Social Science, ISSN 2250-0588, Impact Factor: 6.565,
Volume 09, Special Issue 1, May 2019, Page 184-190
printing or "additive layer manufacturing" 5.1. Tube less tires
technology. Outer Diameter: 25CM
Inner Diameter: 25CM
Techniques In some Commonwealth Nations are
pneumatic tires that do not require a separate
3D printing (3DP) inner tube.
Fused deposition modeling (FDM)
Laminated object manufacturing (LOM) Unlike pneumatic tires which use a separate
Solid ground curing (SGC) inner tube, tubeless tires have continuous ribs
Selective laser sintering (SLS) molded integrally into the bead of the tire so
Selective laser melting (SLM) that they are forced by the pressure of the air
Stereo lithography inside the tire to seal with the flanges of the
metal rim of the wheel. No of tires used are 6.
4.1. 3d Printing (3DP)
5.2. Ball Bearings
3D printing is any of various processes in Outer diameter is 25mm
which material is joined or solidified under Inner diameter is 10mm
computer control to create a three-dimensional A ball bearing is a type of rolling-element
object, with material being added together bearing that uses balls to maintain the
(such as liquid molecules or powder grains separation between the bearing races.
being fused together), typically layer by layer. The purpose of a ball bearing is to reduce
In the 1990s, 3D printing techniques were rotational friction and support radial and axial
considered suitable only for the production of loads. It achieves this by using at least three
functional or aesthetical prototypes and a more races to contain the balls and transmit the
appropriate term was rapid prototyping. loads through the balls. Ball bearings tend to
Today, the precision, repeatability and have lower load capacity for their size than
material range have increased to the point that other kinds of rolling-element bearings due to
3D printing is considered as an industrial the smaller contact area between the balls and
production technology, with the name of races. However, they can tolerate some
additive manufacturing. 3D printed objects can misalignment of the inner and outer races. No
have a very complex shape or geometry and of bearings used are 12.
are always produced starting from a digital 3D
Mild steel of L-Channel
model or a CAD file.
Dimension of L-Channel is 12mmx12mm.
There are many different 3D printing It is used to making of frame of cart of bottom
processes that can be grouped into seven phase to place goods in trolley. Length of rod
categories: is used 9 meters.
Vat photo polymerization
Mild Steel of Square Rod
Material jetting
Dimensions of Square Rod 18mm X 18mm X
Binder jetting
5mm.
Powder bed fusion
It is used in making of holding frame of cart to
Material extrusion hold the goods in trolley to avoid falling of
Directed energy deposition goods out of boundary. Length of rod used 8
Sheet lamination meters.
5. Material Selection: Mild steel of Hollow rod
Rod diameter is 1inch and gauge 5mm.
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