PETROLEUM TRAINING INSTITUTE,
EFFURUN.
ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT
FINAL YEAR PROJECT REPORT GUIDELINES FOR
HIGHER NATIONAL DIPLOMA (HND) AND
NATIONAL DIPLOMA (ND)
MAY 2024
This document is the property of the Electrical and Electronic Engineering Department
Petroleum Training Institute, Effurun.
1. COVER PAGE: COVER PAGE INFORMATION WITH FONT SIZE,
STYLE AND SPACING
The information on this page should contain the following:
• Project Title.
• Name of Student(s) and their Mat. Number(s).
• A Project Submitted to the Electrical and Electronic Engineering . . .
• Month, Year
The report format should be as follows:
1. Project report cover colours: ND (GREEN), HND (RED)
2. Margin
Top: 2.54cm
Left: 2.54cm
Right: 2.54cm
Bottom: 2.54cm
3. Font size: 18
4. Font Style: Verdana Bold
5. Cover page spacing: single spacing (1.0)
6. Date on cover page: Month and year of defence
7. Page number: Blank
NB: All the information on the cover page is centralized and bold. A
typical cover page format for both ND and HND is provided in the next
page.
-2-
PROJECT TOPIC
BY
NAME
MATRIC. No.
A PROJECT REPORT SUBMITTED TO THE
ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC
ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT, PETROLEUM
TRAINING INSTITUTE, EFFURUN, DELTA
STATE
MONTH, YEAR
(NB: This is a cover page for both ND and HND)
-3-
2. TITLE PAGE: TITLE PAGE INFORMATION WITH REQUIRED
FONT SIZE, STYLE AND SPACING
The information on this page should contain the following:
• Project Title
• Name of Student(s) and their Mat. Number(s)
• A Project Report Submitted . . . . . In Partial Fulfilment . . . . .
• Month, Year
The report format should be as follows:
Left Margin: 3cm
Top Margin: 2.5cmRight
Margin: 2.5cm Bottom
Margin: 2.5cm Font size:
12
Font style: Verdana
Heading: Bold and centralized
Line Spacing: 1.0 (single spacing)
NB: No Page numbering, and a format of the title page is given in the
next page.
-4-
PROJECT TOPIC
BY
NAME
MATRIC. No.
A PROJECT REPORT SUBMITTED TO THE
ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT, PETROLEUM TRAINING
INSTITUTE, EFFURUN, DELTA STATE
IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS
FOR THE AWARD OF HIGHER NATIONAL
DIPLOMA(HND) ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC
ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
(INSTRUMENTATION AND CONTROL)
(NB: This is a title page sample for HND using I & C option as
an example.)
MONTH, YEAR
-5-
PROJECT TOPIC
BY
NAME
MATRIC. No.
A PROJECT REPORT SUBMITTED TO THE
ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT, PETROLEUM TRAINING
INSTITUTE, EFFURUN, DELTA STATE
IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS
FOR THE AWARD OF NATIONAL DIPLOMA (ND)
ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING
TECHNOLOGY
MONTH, YEAR
(NB: This is a title page sample for ND)
-6-
3. DECLARATION PAGE
This is the page where the student(s) make statement to declare ownership
of the project work and signed.
The report format is as follow:
Left Margin: 3cm
Top Margin: 2.5cmRight
Margin: 2.5cm Bottom
Margin: 2.5cm Font size:
12
Font style: Verdana
Heading: Bold and Centralized
Line Spacing: 1.0 (single spacing)
NB: A declaration page format is given in the next page.
-7-
DECLARATION
I /We hereby declare that the project work on “Title of the Project” is carried
out by me/us in the Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering,
Petroleum Training Institute, Effurun, Delta State, under the supervision of
(name of the supervisor).
All sources have been duly distinguished and appropriately acknowledged.
………………………………… …………………………
Name of student Date
NB: For a project done by more than one student, then provision for every
student to sign must be created.
-8-
4. CERTIFICATION PAGE
This is the page where the project supervisor, coordinator, and head of
department certifies the student(s) ownership of the project by endorsing
their signatures.
The report format is as follow:
Left Margin: 3cm
Top Margin: 2.5cmRight
Margin: 2.5cm Bottom
Margin: 2.5cm Font size:
12
Font style: Verdana
Heading: Bold and Centralized
Line Spacing: 1.0 (single spacing)
. NB: A certification page format page is given in the next page.
-9-
CERTIFICATION
We hereby certify that the project work titled “Name of the Project” carried
out by Phillip Wellington with Mat. No. …………. satisfied the standard in
partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the degree of Higher
National Diploma (HND) in the Department of Electrical and Electronic
Engineering.
………………………….......................... ………………………….
ENGR. MUZAMMIL ABDULRAHMAN DATE
Project Supervisor
………………………….…………………………… ……………………....
ENGR. DR. MRS NWUKOR N. EVWODERE DATE
Project Coordinator
…………………………………………………...…. ………………………..
ENGR. (DR.) ABDULHAMID MUSA DATE
Head of Department
NB: Names should be in this format: First name Initial of middle
name and the last name e.g., Engr. Dr. Mrs. Frances N.
Evwodere. The pagination is a Roman figure and should be
center bottom.
NOTE: ENGR. MUZAMMIL ABDULRAHMAN is the ND PROJECT COORDINATOR and
ENGR. DR. MRS FRANCES N. EVWODERE is the HND PROJECT COORDINATOR.
- 10 -
5. DEDICATION PAGE
This is the section where the student(s) expresses gratitude or
acknowledges to others, normally those who have inspired or assisted them
during the project work.
The report format are as follows:
Spacing: Single Space (1.0)
Font Size: 12
Font Style: Verdana
Heading: Centralized
Margin: Same as title page
NB: Dedication page starts on a new page
6. ACKNOWLEDMENT PAGE
This section acknowledges and shows appreciation to everyone who has
helped in the project work.
The report format are as follows:
Spacing: Single Space (1.0)
Font Size: 12
Font Style: Verdana
Heading: Centralized
Margin: Same as title page
NB: Acknowledgement page starts on a new page.
- 11 -
7. ABSTRACT PAGE
This is concise summary of the entire project report. It is best written after
the completion of the project and normally not more than 350 words in a
single paragraph.
The report format is as follows:
Heading: Centralized
Paragraph: Single Paragraph
Words: 350 maximum
Spacing: Single
Font size: 12
Font Style: Verdana
8. TABLE OF CONTENTS (centralized)
Cover page i
Title Page ii
Certification iii
Dedication iv
Acknowledgment v
Abstract vi
Table of contents vii
List of tables viii
List of figures ix
List of symbols x
List of abbreviation xi
NB: Abstract page and table of contents start on a new page each.
- 12 -
9. LIST OF TABLES
This section contains all the list of Tables and their captions in the project
report. The format:
Table no. Caption Page no.
An example:
Table 3.1 Analysis of energy consumed per transmission 47
NB: This is to begin in a new page
10. LIST OF FIGURES
This section is a comprehensive list of all the figures and their captions in
the project report. The format:
S/No. Caption Page no.
An example:
Figure 1 Block diagram of a synchronous counter 15
Figure 2.3 Random sensor wireless network coded in MATLAB 23
NB: This is to begin in a new page.
NB: The arrangement of the list of figures should be in an ascending order.
Also, the list of figures is to begin from a new page
.
- 13 -
11. LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
Abbreviations are those with uncommon comprehension. The format is listed here.
EXAMPLE
Abbreviation
S/No. Full meaning
1. SNR Signal-to-Noise Ratio
NB: This item starts on a new page
12. LIST OF SYMBOLS
This section contains symbols especially uncommon ones and their
meanings. The format:
S/No. Symbol meaning
An example:
1. Microphone
NB: This item starts in a new page
- 14 -
CHAPTER ONE (Centralized)
INTRODUCTION (Centralized)
Brief overview of the chapter.
1.1 Background of study
Briefly outline to your reader what you intend to do. Why are you doing
it? What exactly is the research question? What is the possible importance
of the research?
1.2 Aim and objectives
1.3 Scope and limitations
1.4 Contributions to knowledge
1.5 Areas of applications (itemise in roman figures)
Left Margin: 3cm
Top Margin: 2.5cmRight
Margin: 2.5cm Bottom
Margin: 2.5cm Font size:
12
Font style: Verdana
Heading: Bold and Centralized
Line Spacing: 1.5 (throughout the body of the project write-up)
in-text citation:
15
CHAPTER TWO (Centralized)
LITERATURE REVIEW
Brief overview of the chapter
2.1. Review of past related work.
• Each author’s work should be reviewed in a paragraph, highlighting Name
of the author, year, and title of research, methodology, solutions, and
limitations. Not less than 5 (five) journals for HND, 2 (two) local and 3
(three) international. Not less than 3 (three) journals for ND, 1(one) local
2 (two) international.
2.2. Representation of the project with a block diagram and brief explanation
ofeach component block.
2.3. Component review. This encompasses the following:
• Review relevant components used in the project.
• Development of all the equations and mathematical expressions relating
to the components being reviewed.
• Same format and spacing as chapter one.
NB: This chapter of a project report is heavily referenced. it contains other
people’s works that must be referenced. In-text citation and referencing format
are presented in Appendix I.
Also, is significant to know that figures are labeled under the diagram while
tables are labelled on top of it. All figures in the form circuit diagrams,
pictures,screenshots must be plain and transparent.
Figures are labeled in the following order: Figure 2.1, Figure 2.2 … or Figure
3.1, Figure 3.2 …. Etc. A typical example is shown in Figure 2.1.
Fig 2.1. Diode rectifying circuit
16
Tables are labelled at the top as Table 1.1, Table 2.2 … etc. Typical example is
shown in Table 3.3.
Table 3.3 Total energy consumption in MW.
Energy Consumption (MW)
Year Industrial Commercial Residential Total
2000 1011.60 2346.00 4608.40 8688.90
2001 1987.20 2439.00 7714.80 9034.40
2002 1830.00 3297.60 7668.50 12842.40
2003 1659.80 3583.00 7668.50 12866.60
2004 1605.00 3830.30 7725.30 13160.60
2005 1615.50 3851.00 7760.00 13226.60
2006 1575.00 3900.80 7650.00 13125.80
2007 1530.50 3915.00 7860.30 13305.80
2008 1502.50 3852.00 7910.05 13264.55
2009 1585.00 3865.50 8075.00 13525.50
2010 1589.40 3925.80 8205.20 13720.40
2011 1615.50 4004.70 8285.60 13905.80
2012 1648.00 4025.40 8350.00 14023.40
Source: S. L. Braide1, E. J. Diema (2018).
Also, it is to be noted that headings like “Block diagram” should be avoided.
Students are to confirm that all diagrams and tables are introduced, explained,
and referred to before their presentation in the write-up.
17
CHAPTER THREE “bold & centralized” (for HND)
DESIGN AND ANALYSIS – “bold & Centralized”
Brief overview of the chapter
3.1. Design of each stage of the block diagram and in the main circuit diagram.
This involves calculations, use of data sheets and charts and writing programs
where applicable. The source code of the program should be moved to the
appendix, only the flow chart and program structure is expected to appear on
the body of the report.
3.2. Principle of operation of the circuit.
NB.: Programme coding and datasheet should be presented at Appendix.
Typical examples are given in between Appendices II to VI.
CHAPTER THREE - bold & centralized (for ND)
CONSTRUCTION AND PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION (Centralized)
Brief overview of the chapter
3.1. Construction.
3.1.1. Components and their specifications (tabulated)
3.1.2. Tools and materials used.
3.1.3. Methods of construction containing both circuit diagram and circuit
layout.
• Testing of individual components.
• Building of circuit on breadboard and testing.
• Building on Veroboard
• Mounting
• Soldering
• Continuity test
18
3.1.4. Construction of Casing
The finished product should have the following characteristic:
• All switches, indicators and terminals should be well labelled
• Good Finishing/Package.
• Laminated labelling of:
o Title of project
o Project participant(s): Names and Mat No.
o Project supervisor(s)’ name(s)
3.2. Principle of circuit operation.
3.3. Bill of Engineering Measurement and Evaluation (BEME): This should be in
tabular form consisting of Item Name, Quantity, Unit Price and Total Price.
19
CHAPTER FOUR (for HND)
CONSTRUCTION, TESTING, RESULTS AND DISCUSSION (Centralized)
Brief overview of the chapter
4.1. Construction.
4.1.1. Components and their specifications (tabulated)
4.1.2. Tools and materials used.
4.1.3. Methods of construction containing both circuit diagram and circuit
layout.
• Testing of individual components.
• Building of circuit on breadboard and testing.
• Building on Veroboard
• Mounting
• Soldering
• Continuity test
4.1.4. Construction of Casing
4.2. Testing
4.2.1. Operational Test.
4.2.2. Test Result…
The finished product should have the following characteristic:
• All switches, indicators and terminals should be well labelled
• Good Finishing/Package.
• Laminated labelling of:
o Title of project
o Project participant(s): Names and Mat No.
o Project supervisor(s) name(s)
4.3. Bill of Engineering Measurement and Evaluation (BEME): This should be in
tabular form consisting of Item Name, Quantity, Unit Price, and Total Price.
20
CHAPTER FOUR – bold and centralized (for ND)
TESTING, RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS.
Brief overview of the chapter
4.1. Testing procedures.
4.1.1. Operational Test.
4.1.2. Test Result.
21
CHAPTER FIVE– bold and centralized (for ND and HND)
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Brief overview of the chapter
5.1 Conclusion: The conclusion is a summary that covers the highlights of the
project work.
5.2 Recommendation: Recommendation for future improvement on the
project work
22
REFERENCES (Reference page presentation format)
All the in-text citations in the main text should be listed in an alphabetical order
in the ‘REFERENCE’ page at the end of the project report. To cite a source in the
reference page, you will need to cite it with its complete details, e.g., author,
year of publication, book title, place of publication, name of publisher.
NB: The EEED reference format is the Harvard American Psychological
Association (APA) format.
The reference format in the reference list:
Last name of author, first name of author. Book title in Italics. Place of
publication, Publishers, Year of publication.
Examples of various sources are given in the reference page are presented here.
Typical examples include:
S. L. Braide1, E. J. Diema (2018). Analysis of Least Square and Exponential
Regression Techniques for Energy Demand Requirement (2013-2032). American
Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Vol. 6, No. 2, 38-59.
doi:10.12691/ajeee-6-2-1.
Book – editor
Aspinall, V. (Ed.). (2014). Clinical procedures in veterinary nursing (3rd ed.).
Edinburgh, Scotland: Elsevier.
Conference paper (online)
Cannan, J. (2008). Using practice-based learning at a dual-sector tertiary
institution: A discussion of current practice. In R. K. Coll, & K. Hoskyn (Eds.),
Working together: Putting the cooperative into cooperative education.
Conference proceedings of the New Zealand Association for Cooperative
Education, New Plymouth, New Zealand. Retrieved from
http://www.nzace.ac.nz/conferences/papers/Proceedings_2008.pdf
Serial / journal article – more than one author (print)
Gabbett, T., Jenkins, D., & Abernethy, B. (2010). Physical collisions and injury
during professional rugby league skills training. Journal of Science and Medicine
in Sport, 13(6), 578-583.
Issi, F., & Kaplan, O. (2018). The Determination of Load Profiles and Power
Consumptions of Home Appliances. Energies, 11(3), 607.
doi:10.3390/en11030607
23
Serial / journal article – with DOI (print)
Gabbett, T., Jenkins, D., & Abernethy, B. (2010). Physical collisions and injury
during professional rugby league skills training. Journal of Science and Medicine
in Sport, 13(6), 578-583. doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2010.03.007
Book – one author
Mullane, A. (2008). The world of tourism and travel. Rosedale, New Zealand:
Pearson Education New Zealand.
Chapter in an edited book
Palmer, F. (2007). Treaty principles and Maori sport: Contemporary issues. In C.
Collins & S. Jackson (Eds.), Sport in Aotearoa/New Zealand society (2nd ed., pp.
307-334). South Melbourne, Australia: Thomson.
Internet Reference list
Pet therapy. (n.d.). Retrieved from
http://www.holisticonline.com/stress/stress_pet-therapy.htm
Serial / journal article (print)
Wilson, C. (2015). Facebook: Cautionary tales for nurses. Kai Tiaki: Nursing New
Zealand, 16(7), 26.
Internet – Organization / Corporate author
Ministry of Health. (2014). Ebola: Information for the public. Retrieved from
http://www.health.govt.nz/your-health/conditions-and-treatments/diseases-
and- illnesses/ebolainformation-public
24
APPENDIX I: REFERENCE FORMAT FOR CITING SOURCES
INTRODUCTION: A project work involves studying external sources for
understanding various aspects of the project work areas and writing report. The
project student(s) should give a proper citation for each external source (e.g.,
research journals, textbooks, reports, on-line materials, magazine, etc) which is
used for preparing the project report. The citation for the external sources is
necessary for the following reasons:
• To prove authenticity of facts and figures.
• To make the information more reliable.
• To give a credit to the original author.
• To lay solid foundation for the research work.
• To avoid plagiarism.
CITING THE EXTERNAL SOURCES
An external source is cited within the content where a part of the external source
is presented as well as in the list of references given at the end of the project
work. For proper citation, reference for each source should be given at these two
places:
• Within the content of the main text. This is called in-text citation.
• As well as in the list of reference at the end of the document.
In-text Citation
In-text citation means to cite an information or statement taken from other
source within the content of your project work report. It is simply done by writing
the last name of the author and year of the publication within the same sentence.
Typical example - A project student must include a statement (or fact) from a
book in his own project report to support his stance. The statement is
“MC899SC01C microcontrollers are the most reliable and versatile for
microelectromechanical (MEM) systems applications”. And the details of the book
from which this statement is taken are as follows:
25
The two common ways of in-text citation for the above statement are:
1. By starting sentence with the last name of the author and mentioning year of
publication of book in parenthesis:
Butworth (2015) stated that MC899SC01C microcontrollers are the most reliable
and versatile for microelectromechanical (MEM) systems applications. This is an
example of narrative in-text citation where the author’s name is use in the
writing.
2. By writing the last name of the author and year of publication of the book in
parenthesis, within the same sentence:
MC899SC01C microcontrollers are the most reliable and versatile for
microelectromechanical (MEM) systems applications (Butworth, 2015).
or
A recent study (Wilson, 2019) shows that MC899SC01C microcontrollers are the
most reliable and versatile for microelectromechanical (MEM) systems
applications. This is an example of parenthetical in-text citation where a work is
referred to in the project report text.
NB: In the in-text citation where there are more than three authors, cite only the
first author as usual and follow by “et al”, which is italicized e.g., (Brute et al.,
2018).
26
APPENDIX II (Next is APPENDIX III etc. or APPENDIX A, B, C, . . .)
An appendix presents information that supplements the reader’s understanding
of your project work/research but is not essential to the argument of your
work/research. As a result, you don’t always need to include any appendices. For
example, you might include some of the following in an appendix:
• Full records of interviews you conducted which you can quote in the main
text.
• Documents used in your project work/research, such as questionnaires,
programme codes/instructions, tests, or scales.
• Detailed statistical data (often presented in tables or figures).
• Detailed descriptions of equipment used e.g., data sheets.
Note the following:
1. You should refer to each appendix at least once in the main text. If you don’t
refer to any information from an appendix, it should not be included.
2. When you discuss information that can be found in an appendix, state this the
first time you refer to it using in-text (as an example) as given below:
The function(s) of each pin of the microcontroller were determined as stated on
its data sheet (see Appendix B for full interview transcripts).
3. Note that, if you refer to the same function(s) of each of the microcontroller
again, it’s not necessary to mention the appendix each time.
NB: The appendix label appears at the top of the page, bold and centred. Under
it is a descriptive title, also bold and centralized.
Start a new page for each new appendix and the caption should be APPENDIX A,
B, C, etc. Numbers can also be used instead of letters i.e., APPENDIC 1,2,3, etc.
Appendix with the same subject matters is caption as APPENDIX A1, A2, A3, etc.
or APPENDIX 1A, 1B, 1C, etc.
Examples of appendices are given in the next pages.
27
APPENDIX III
MATLAB Code of Network Topology
%% Network Initialization
% Number of Nodes in Network
n= 100;
% Boundaries of Network
% Sensor Field is 0-xmax by 0-ymax (square/ rectangle)xmax=100;
ymax=100;
x=0; % added for better display results of the plot
y=0; % added for better display results of the plot
dead_nodes=0;
% N is data structure for each Node in Field
% a serves as an index
for a = 1:n
N(a).xd= rand(1,1)*xmax;
N(a).yd= rand(1,1)*ymax;
end
%Designate the sink node location, this assumes your sink node location is
%deliberateN(1).xd=
25;
N(1).yd=75;
% Plot network Topology
Network_Topology= figure;
hold on
for a=1:n
28
APPENDIX IV
MC9S08SC4 8-Bit Microcontroller Data Sheet
29
APPENDIX V
MC9S08SC4 8-Bit MCU BLOCK DIAGRAM
30
APPENDIX VI
DEVICE PIN ARRANGEMENT
31
