h'gf]l6s /f]u Ps lrgf/L

k|b]z ;/sf/ k|b]z ;/sf/

e"ld Joj:yf, s[lif tyf ;xsf/L dGqfno e"ld Joj:yf, s[lif tyf ;xsf/L dGqfno
afudtL k|b]z, x]6f}+8f afudtL k|b]z, x]6f}+8f
dsjfgk'/, g]kfn dsjfgk'/, g]kfn
;Dks{ g+= )%&–%@%^$@ / %@%($% ;Dks{ g+= )%&–%@%^$@ / %@%($%
Od]n M molmac@bagamati.gov.np Od]n M molmac@bagamati.gov.np
Website : http://molmac.bagamati.gov.np Website : http://molmac.bagamati.gov.np
 dGtJo
g]kfn s[lif k|wfg d'n's x'g';+u} s[lif tyf kz'kfng If]qdf ;a}eGbf
dxTjk"0f{ k|b]zsf] ?kdf afudtL k|b]z /x]sf] 5 . kz'kfng If]q s[lif
If]qsf] dxTjk"0f{ xfufsf] ?kdf :yflkt ePsf] 5 . kz'kfng If]q lbg
k|ltlbg r'gf}tLk"0f{ /x]sf] 5 . ljZjJofkL ?kdf hnjfo' kl/jt{gn]
c;/ kfl//x]sf] cj:yfdf ;a} eGbf k|efljt If]q s[lif g} /x]sf] 5 .
o; If]qdf gofF gofF /f]ux? b]vfkg]{ qmd tLj|tf eP;+u} kz'kG5Laf6
dflg;df ;g]{ h'gf]l6s /f]ux?sf] ;+Vofdf ;d]t j[l4 x'b} cfPsf] 5 .
d]?b08 ePsf kz' / dfgjsf aLr k|fs[lts ?kdf ;g{ ;Sg] /f]ux?
/ ;+qmd0fnfO{ h'gf]l6s /f]ux? jf h'gf]l;; elgG5 . h'gf]l6s /f]u
af/] hgr]tgf clej[l4 ug]{ p2]Zon] x/]s jif{ h'nfO{ ^ tf/]vsf lbg
World Zoonoses Day dgfpFb} cfPsf] 5 .

;g\ @)!( sf] cGtdf b]vfk/]sf] sf]/f]gf efO/; -COVID 19_ ljZjJofkL
?kdf b]vfk/]sf] Emerging and Re Emerging Zoonotic Disease ePsf]
x'Fbf o;n] dfgj hLjg, hg:jf:Yo, cfly{s Pjd\ ;fdflhs ?kdf
kfg]{ c;/sf af/]df xfdL ;a} /fd|/L kl/lrt ePsf 5f}+ . o; vfnsf
y'k|} h'gf]l6s /f]u ?lk ljkbx? ;do ;dodf lgs} b'Mv lbg] u/]sf]n]
logaf6 aRg] pkfox?nfO{ cjnDjg ug{' g} ;a}eGbf pQd sfo{ xf] .
jGohGt' tyf 3/kfn'jf kG5LhGo /f]ux? df};d cg';f/ b]vfkg{
;Sg] ePsf]n] h'gf]l6s /f]ux? af/] x/]s dfgjn] ;b}j ;r]t x'g'
clt cfjZos ePsf]n] o; dGqfnosf] rfn' cfly{s jif{ @)&*÷)&(
sf] jflif{s :jLs[t sfo{qmddf hgr]tgfd'ns a|f];/, sf8{ tyf a'n]l6g
k|sfzg /x]sf]n] dGqfnosf] kz'kG5L ljsf; dxfzfvfdf sfo{/t kz'
ljsf; clws[t >L af;'b]j gfyåf/f tof/ kfl/Psf] æh'gf]l6s /f]u Ps
lrgf/LÆ ljifos k'l:tsf k|sfzg ul/Psf] 5 . o; k'l:tsfsf n]vs

h'gh'f]lg6s
f]l6s/f]u/f]uPsPslrgf/L
lrgf/L÷ 1
/ n]vg sfo{df ;xof]u ug]{ kz' lrlsT;s 8f= ;[hf jfUn], clws[t
>L k|sfz kf}8]n nufotsf sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ xflb{s wGojfb lbg
rfxG5' . k|:t't k'l:tsfn] h'gf]l6s /f]u lgoGq0fsf] nflu hgr]tgf
clej[l4df 6]jf k'¥ofpg] ck]Iff ul/Psf] 5 . ;fy} ;/f]sf/jfnfx?
;a}sf] nflu of] k':ts pkof]uL x'g] 7fg]sf] 5' . kf7s tyf lj1x?af6
o; k'l:tsfdf ePsf sdL sdhf]/LnfO{ cf}NofO{ ;xof]u u/L lbg'x'g
xflb{s cg'/f]w ub}{ k|fKt ;'emfjx? cfufdL c+sdf ;dfj]z u/L
k|sfzg ug]{ k|ltj4tf JoQm ub{5' .

8f= z/0f s'df/ kf08]

;lrj
e"ld Joj:yf, s[lif tyf ;xsf/L dGqfno
afudtL k|b]z x]6f}+8f, dsjfgk'/, g]kfn

h'gh'f]lg6s
f]l6s/f]u/f]uPsPslrgf/L
lrgf/L÷ 2
 ljifo ;"rL
!= kl/ro !
@= /f]usf] juL{s/0f !
#= /f]u ;g]{ dfWodx? #
$= ;"lrs[t h'gf]l6s /f]ux? #
%= d'Vo h'gf]l6s /f]ux? $
%=!= j8{ km\n' -Bird flu_ $
%=@= :jfOg km\n' -Swine flu_ %
%=#= hfkfgL OG;]kmnfO6L; -Japanese Encephalitis_ ^
%=$= /]lah -Rabies_ ^
%=%= k6s] -Anthrax_ *
%=^= af]efOg 6\o'j/Snf]l;; -Bovine Tuberculosis_ *
%=&= UnfG8;{ -Glanders_ (
%=*= cf]lg{yf]l;; -Ornithosis_ !)
%=(= a|';]nf]l;; -Brucellosis_ !)
%=!)= 6S;f]KnfHdf]l;; -Toxoplasmosis_ !!
%=!!= xfO8fl68f]l;; -Hydatidosis_ !@
%=!@= n]K6f]:kfO/f]l;; -Leptospirosis_ !#
%=!#= sf]/f]gf efO/; -COVID–19_ !$
%=!$= sfnfHj/ ÷ n]l:dlgofl;; -Leishmanisis_ !^

;Gbe{ ;fdfu|Lx? !(

h'gh'f]lg6s
f]l6s/f]u/f]uPsPslrgf/L
lrgf/L÷ 3
h'gf]l6s /f]u Ps lrgf/L ÷ 4
 h'gf]l6s /f]u Ps lrgf/L
!= kl/ro
dflg; / kz'kG5L aLr Ps cfk;df ;g{ ;Sg] jf ;+qmd0f x'g ;Sg]
/f]unfO{ h'gf]l6s jf h'gf]l;; /f]u elgG5 . ljZj :jf:Yo ;+u7gsf
cg';f/ æd]?b08 ePsf kz' / dfgjsf aLr k|fs[lts ?kdf ;g{
;Sg] /f]ux? / ;+qmd0fnfO{ h'gf]l6s /f]ux? jf h'gf]l;; elgG5 .æ
dflg;df nfUg] ^) k|ltzt eGbfa9L /f]ux? kz'kG5Laf6 dflg;df
;/]sf] tYo kfOG5 . kl5Nnf] ;do dflg;df nfUg] &@ k|ltzt
Emerging and Reemerging /f]ux? kz'kG5Laf6 dflg;df ;/]sf] tyf
;g]{ u/]sf] tYox? klg h'gf]l6s /f]usf] Go"lgs/0f / lg/fs/0f ug{
cfjZos /x]sf] 5, eGg] s'/fsf] k'i6L x'G5 . dflg;df nfUg] /f]ux?
dWo] ^! k|ltzt /f]ux? kz'af6 pTklQ ePsf] dflgG5 . ljZjel/
dflg;df kfOg] /f]ux? dWo] sl/a #)) eGbf a9L /f]ux? kz'af6
dflg;df ;b{5g\ . g]kfndf klg sl/a %( /f]ux? h'gf]l6s x'g;Sg]
cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5 .
h'gf]l6s /f]ux?sf sf/sdf efO/;, JofS6]l/of, k/hLlj / 9';L /x]sf
5g . ;+;f/df sl/j !$!% hLjf0f'x? dflg;sf] :jf:Yodf c;/ ug{
;lqmo 5g, eg] oL dWo] %* k|ltzt hLjf0f' tyf ljiff0f'x? h'gf]l6s
;d"xleq kb{5g\ . o;df klg !&& ;+Vofdf hLjf0f' / ljiff0f'x? clt
;Dj]bgzLn, k6sk6s b]vfkg]{ / 3fts ;d"xleq kb{5g\ .

@= /f]usf] juL{s/0f
@=!= h'gf]l6s /f]u ;g]{ cfwf/df /f]usf] juL{s/0f
!= PGy|f]kf] h'gf]l;; -Anthropozoonosis_ M kz'af6 dflg;df ;g]{
k|s[ltsf /f]ux? o; ju{df kb{5g\ . h:t}M /]ljh, a|';]nf]l;;\
cflb .

h'gf]l6s /f]u Ps lrgf/L ÷ 1

@= h'PGy|f]kf] h'gf]l;; -Zooanthropozoonosis_M dflg;af6 kz'df ;g]{
k|s[ltsf /f]ux? o; ju{df kb{5g\ . h:t}M dfgj Ifo/f]u cflb .
#= PlDkm h'gf]l;; -Amphizoonosis_M dflg;af6 kz'df / kz'af6
dflg;df ;g]{ k|s[ltsf /f]ux? o; ju{df kb{5g\ . h:t}M
:6]kmfOnf]sf]s;, O sf]nfO{ OGkm]S;g cflb .

@=@= h'gf]l6s /f]u u/fpg] sf/s tTjsf] cfwf/df /f]usf] juL{s/0f

!= hLjf0f'af6 x'g] M k6s], a|';]nf]l;;, UnfG8;{, af]efO{g P08 Pleog
6\o'a/s'nf]l;;\, 6fokmfO8 lkma/, n]K6f]:kfO/f]l;;\, ;fNdf]g]nf]l;;\,
sf]nLa]l;nf]l;;\, sDkfO{nf] AofS6]l/ofl;;\, ln:6]l/of]l;;\,
:6«]K6f]sf]sf]l;;\, :6fkmfOnf]sf]sf]l;;\ cflb.
@= ljiff0f'af6 x'g] M /]lah, vf]/]t, /fgLv]t, hfkfgLh OG;]km\nfO{l6;,
d+sL kS; cflb
#= k/hLjLaf6 x'g] M l;:6;sf]{l;;, xfO8fl68f]l;;\, 6f]S;f]KnfHdf]l;;,
6fO{lrg]nf];L;\, PGsfO{nf:6f]ldofl;;\, gfDn], lhofl8{of]l;;,
n]l:dlgofl;;÷ sfnfHj/ cflb .
$= 9';Laf6 x'g] M lx:6f]KnfHdf]l;;, Anf:6f]dfOsf]l;; cflb .
%= l/s]l6\;ofaf6 x'g] M So" lkmj/, cf]lg{yf]l;; cflb .
^= lk|of]gaf6 x'g] M ljiff0f';+u glhs /x]sf / k|f]l6go'Qm kbfy{sf]
sf/0f :gfo' k|0ffnLdf ljs[lt Nofpg ;Ifd lk|of]g ;a}eGbf sd
hfgsf/Ldf /x]sf] /f]uf0f' xf] . :qm]kL /f]u nfu]sf] e]8fsf] df;'
/fd|/L lghL{ljs/0f gu/Lsg nfdf] ;do;Dd afR5f afR5Lx?nfO{
v'jfpbf ufO{uf]?sf] dl:t:sdf ljs[t cfO{ ax'nfpg] -Bovine
Spongiform Encephalopathi–BSE_ /f]u nfU5 . dflg;n] /f]uL
kz'sf] df;' lgoldt ;]jg u/]df Creutzfeldt Jacob Disease nfU5 .

h'gf]l6s /f]u Ps lrgf/L ÷ 2

#= /f]u ;g]{ dfWodx?
!= k|ToIf ;Dks{af6 ;g]{ M /f]uL kz'sf] ¥ofn, /ut, lk;fa, lb;f,
l;+ufg, vsf/, /f]uL kz'nfO{ 5f]P/ jf kz'n] 6f]s]/ .
@= ck|ToIf ;Dks{af6 ;g]{ M b'lift xfjfkfgL tyf jftfj/0faf6 ;g]{
jf jf;:yfg jf j/k/sf] b'liftsf] sf/0fn] .
#= vfB kbfy{af6 ;g]{ M b"w, df;', c08f / logaf6 ag]sf kl/sf/x? .
$= kfgL M ;+qmldt tyf b'lift kfgL lkpgfn] .

$= ;"rLs[t h'gf]l6s /f]ux? -Notifiable Diseases_

g]kfn ;/sf/ :jf:Yo tyf hg;+Vof dGqfno cGtu{t :jf:Yo ;]jf
ljefusf] ldlt @)&*÷)@÷@& sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ Pjd\ Olkl8ldnf]lhsn
tyf /f]u lgoGq0f dxfzfvfsf] k|yd h'gf]l6s /f]usf] k|fyldsLs/0f
/fli6«o sfo{zfnf uf]i7Laf6 kz'af6 dflg;df ;g]{ !) j6f ;"rLs[t
h'gf]l6s /f]unfO{ k|fyldstfdf /fVg] lg0f{ofg';f/ ;"lrs[t h'gf]l6s
/f]ux? lgDg cg';f/ /x]sf 5g\ .
!= OGkm\n'PGhf -Influenza_ -h'gf]l6s OGkm\n'PGhf, l;hgn OGkm\
n'PGhf_
@= /]lah -Rabies_
#= sf]/f]gf efO/; -Corona virus_-;f;{, d;{, ;f;{ sf]e–@_
$= n]K6f]:kfO/f]l;; -Leptospirosis_
%= a|';]nf]l;; -Brucellosis_
^= ;fNdf]g]nf]l;; -Salmonelosis_
&= n]l:dlgofl;;÷sfnfHj/ -Leishmaniasis_
*= h'gf]l6s Ifo/f]u -Zoonosis Tuberclosis_
(= l;l:6sf]l;{;÷xfO8fl6«8f]l;; -Cisticercosis/Hydatidosis_
!)= 6S;f]KnfHdf]l;; -toxoplaxazomosis_

h'gf]l6s /f]u Ps lrgf/L ÷ 3

%= d'Vo h'gf]l6s /f]ux?
%=!= j8{ km\n' -Bird Flu_ M
o;nfO{ Avian Influenza, Avian
Flu tyf Highly Pathogenic
Avian Influenza – HPAI sf] gfdn]
lrlgG5 . of] /f]usf ljleGg
k|hfltx? dWo] H5N1/H7N7 a9L
;+qmfds dflgG5 . of] /f]u s'v'/f, xf+;, 6sL{ / h+unL r/fr'?ËLdf
efO{/;af6 nfUg] clt ;+qmfds /f]u xf] .

kG5Ldf b]vfkg]{ d'Vo nIf0fx? M

• w]/} s'v'/f Ps} k6s dg]{ .
• :jf; k|:jf; ;DaGwL uDeL/ nIf0f b]vf kg]{ .
• 6fpsf] ;'lgg' .
• l;p/ / nf]tL lgnf] xg' .
• xl/of] 5]g]{ .
• v'§fsf] e'Tnf gePsf] efudf /Qm>fj e} /ftf] jf j}hgL /+usf]
b]lvg' .
• n]o;{ s'v'/fsf] km"n pTkfbg PSsf;L 36\g] .
• lunf] / kftnf] af]qmf ePsf] km"n kfg]{.
• kfgL w]/} lkpg vf]Hg] .
• gfs d'vaf6 l;ufg / ¥ofn aUg] .

dflg;df b]vfkg]{ d'Vo nIf0fx? M

• Hj/f] cfpg], 3f+6L b'Vg], ;'Vvf vf]sL nfUg], hLp b'Vg], ysfO{
nfUg], lgdf]lgof x'g] .
pkrf/ M o;sf] pkrf/ k|efjsf/L 5}g .

h'gf]l6s /f]u Ps lrgf/L ÷ 4

/f]syfdsf pkfox? M
• s'v'/f kmd{df h}ljs ;'/Iff s8fO{sf ;fy ckgfpg] .
• s'v'/f kmfd{df sfd ug]{ JolQmn] JolQmut ;/;kmfO{df Wofg lbg] .
• df;' tyf c08f /fd|f] ;+u ksfP/ dfq vfg] .
• d/]sf / lj/fdL kG5Lsf] df;' gvfg] .
• ;+qmldt ePsf] :yfgaf6 kG5L tyf kG5LhGo kbfy{sf] cf];f/
k;f/df /f]s nufpg] .
• d/]sf] kG5L vf8n vg]/ uf8g] .
• kG5L;+u cgfjZos n;k; gug]{ .

%=@= :jfOg km\n' -Swine Flu_ M

OGkm\n'PGhf 6fOk …PÚ
(H1N1) efO/;af6
a+u'/df nfUg] /f]u xf] .
of] /f]u xfn dflg;df
klg b]vf kg]{ u/]sf]
kfOG5 .

a+u'/df b]lvg] d'Vo d'Vo

nIf0fx? M PSsf;L
Hj/f] cfpg], emf]qmfpg],
vf]Sg], gfs / cf+vfaf6 t/n alu/xg], ?3f nfUg], cf+vf /ftf] x'g]
/ ;'lgg], :jf; km]g{ sl7gfO{ x'g] / vfgf gvfg] .

dflg;df b]lvg] d'Vo d'Vo nIf0fx? M Hj/f] cfpg], 3fF6L b'Vg], 6fpsf]
b'Vg], z/L/ s6s6 vfg], vf]sL nfUg], s'g} s'g}df jfGtf cfO{/xg] /
kvfnf nfUg], :jf; km]g{ sl7g x'g], lgdf]lgof x'g] .

h'gf]l6s /f]u Ps lrgf/L ÷ 5

/f]syfd M ;+qmldt JolQmn] xfF5\o'F ubf{ / vf]Sbf gfs d'v ;kmf
?dfnn] 5f]k]/ dfq ug]{, k|To]s k6s ;fa'g kfgLn] xft ;kmf ug]{,
;+qmldt /f]uLaf6 6f9f /xg], ;+qmldt ePsf] yfxf kfPkl5 Ps xKtf
3/d} cf/fd ug]{, JolQmut ;/;kmfO{df Wofg lbg] .
%=#= hfkfgLh OG;]km\nfO6L; -Japanese Encephalitis_ M
of] /f]usf] ljiff0f' So'n]S;
hftsf] kf]yL nfDv'§]sf]
6f]sfO{af6 dflg;df ;b{5 .
vf; u/L of] /f]u efb|b]lv
sflt{s dlxgf;Dd b]vfkg]{
u/]sf] kfOG5 .

nIf0fx? M z'?df Hj/f]

cfpg], 6fpsf] b'Vg],
jfsjfs nfUg],jfGtf x'g] / cfn:ofg dxz'; x'g] . s]lx lbg kl5
gzf ;DaGwL nIf0f b]vf kg]{, 3fF6L jf+lËg] / d'5f{ kg]{ .

/f]syfd M ljxfg ;j]/} jf ;fFem cj]nf;Dd cfFug, v]tLaf/L, uf]7df

a:g' x'Fb}g, ;Fw} em'n k|of]u ug]{,;'Fu'/⁄a+u'/ jw'jf u/L kfNg], uf]7⁄vf]/
;kmf ;'U3/ /fVg] 3/ cfFug jl/k/L vfN8f v'N8L k'g]{ / ;/;kmfO{
ug]{ / jiff{ofd cufl8 s]6fs]6LnfO{ hfkfgL OG;]km\nfO{l6; lj?4 vf]k
nufpg] .
%=$= /]ljh -Rabies_ M
/]ljhaf6 u|l;t hgfj/x?
s's'/, :ofn, Jjf+;f], km\ofp/f],
Gofp/L d';f] / df+;xf/L
rd]/f]sf] 6f]sfOaf6 dflg;

h'gf]l6s /f]u Ps lrgf/L ÷ 6

tyf cGo :tgwf/L k|f0fLdf ;g]{ efO/;af6 x'g] k|f0f 3fts /f]unfO{
hgfp5 . of] /f]u nfu]sf] dflg; tyf kz' kfgLaf6 8/fpg] ePsf]n]
o;nfO{ xfO8«f]kmf]ljof gfdn] klg lrlgG5 .

hgfj/df b]vfkg]{ d'Vo nIf0fx?M

• l/;fxf, emf]lqmg], emlD6g] / h]kfof] ToxL 6f]Sg] :jefj x'g' .
• cgf}7f] Jojxf/ jf Jojxf/df PSsf;L kl/jt{g cfpg' .
• ¥ofn sf9\g] / kIf3ft x'g] .
• :jf; km]g{ tyf vfg]s'/f vfg g;Sg] .
• kfgL b]Vbf t;{g] .

dflg;df b]vfkg]{ d'Vo nIf0fx?M

• ;'?df hgfj/n] 6f]s]sf] 7f+pdf b'Vg], emdemdfpg], lrnfpg] .
• To;kl5 Hj/f] cfpg], hf8f] nfUg], ylst x'g], z/L/sf df+;k]zLx?
b'Vg], ems{g] .
• :jf; km]g{ tyf vfg]s'/f vfg g;Sg] .
• kfgL b]Vbf t;{g] .

/f]syfd M
• ;+sf:kb hgfj/n] 6f]s]sf] 3fpnfO{ t'?Gt} ;fa'g kfgLn] wf]P/
:k|L6 jf cfof]l8g nufpg] .
• 8fS6/sf] ;Nnfx lnO{ vf]k nufpg] .
• ;Dej eP;Dd ;+sf:kb s's'/nfO{ !) lbg;Dd y'g]/ lgu/fgL
/fVg] .
• ;+sf:kb hgfj/n] 6f]s]sf] 3fp v'Nnf /fVg] / gl;nfpg] .
• 3/df kfn]/ /fv]sf s's'/ / lj/fnf]nfO{ lgoldt ?kdf /]ljh /f]u
lj?4 vf]k nufpg] .
• l66fg;sf] vf]k nufpg] .

h'gf]l6s /f]u Ps lrgf/L ÷ 7

%=%= k6s] -Anthrax_ M
of] /f]u a]l;n; PGy|fl;;
gfds ;'Id lhjf0f'af6
nfU5 . of] /f]u /f]uLsf]
n;k; ePsf] vfgf,kfgL,xfjf
cflb af6 ;5{ . of] :kf]/
agfpg] ePsf]n] o;sf] :kf]/
s8f x'G5 h'g ^) jif{;Dd
df6f]df afFRg ;S5 .

nIf0fx? M w/} h;f] s'g} nIf0f gb]vfO{ crfgs dg]{, Hj/f] cfpg], ;f;
km]g{ ufx|f] x'g], cfFvf /ftf] x'g], k]6 9fl8g], d/]kl5 gfs,d'v,dnåf/
cflbaf6 ghDg] /ut aUg] .
/f]syfd M
• w]/} /f]u b]lvg] 7fpFdf kz' lrlsT;s jf kz' k|fljlwssf]
l;kmfl/;df vf]k nufpg] .
• d/]sf kz'nfO{ ulx/f] vf8n vg]/ uf8g]\ .
• k6\s]sf] z+sf nfu]sf] /f]uL kz'nfO{ slxNo} klg lr/kmf/ ug{'
x'Fb}g .
• /f]uL kz'nfO{ ayfgaf6 cnUu} /fVg] .
• /f]uLsf] ;Dk{sdf cfPsf] kz'nfO{ kz' lrlsT;s jf kz' k|fljlwssf]
;Nnfxdf pkrf/ u/fpg] .
%=^= af]efOg 6o"a/s'nf]l;;
-Bovine Tuberculosis_ M
ufO{ e}+;Ldf nfUg] Ifo/f]unfO{
af]efOg 6o"a/s'nf]l;; elgG5 .
of] /f]u dfO{qmf]a]S6]l/od af]le;

h'gf]l6s /f]u Ps lrgf/L ÷ 8

gfds hLjf0f'af6 nfUb5 . dflg;, ufO{, e}F;Ldf of] /f]un] a9L c;/
ub{5 .
nIf0fx? M lagf s'g} sf/0f kfNt' hgfj/sf] :jf:Yo l:ylt sdhf]/
x'g] / zf/Ll/s tf}n 36\b} hfg] ePdf Ifo/f]u nfu]sf] z+sf ug{' kg]{
x'G5 . kmf]S;f] /f]u u|:t ePdf Hj/f] cfpg], Zjf; km]g{ ufx|f] x'g],
vf]Sg], hlt v'jfP klg hLp gnfUg], tf}n 36b} hfg] ub{5 . cGo
c+u /f]uu|:t /x]5 eg] ;f] ;Fu ;DalGwt lnDkm u|lGyx? ;'lgPsf]
x'G5 .
/f]syfd M /f]uL kz' ayfgaf6 x6fpg], uf]7 ;kmf /fVg] / b"w tyf
b'UwhGo kbfy{ pdfn]/ dfq ;]jg ug]{, Ifo/f]usf] k/LIf0f u/fO{
/fVg] .

%=&= UnfG8;{ -Glanders_ M

of] 3f]8f, vRr/, uwfdf ;+qmfds
?kdf b]lvg] / dflg;nfO{ ;g{
;Sg] vt/gfs /f]u xf] . of] /f]u
nfu]df pkrf/ x'Fb}g . :o'8f]df]g;
dfn]O{ gfd u/]sf] hLjf0f'n] x'g]
of] /f]u nfu]df gfsleq tf/f
cfsf/sf] 3fp b]lvG5 eg] 5fnf
/ kmf]S;f] /f]uu|:t x'g ;S5 .
nIf0fx? M z'?df kftnf] l;+ufg aUg] / kl5 afSnf] x'g], h'g v}/f]
/Ësf] x'g], s]/fp cfsf/sf] luvf{ gfs leq b]vf kg]{ / km'6]/ 3fp
aGg], tNnf] a+uf/fsf] lnDkm u|lGy ;'lGgg] ePsf]n] rkfpg cK7\of/f]
x'g], 5fnf /f]uu|:t ePdf lnDkm u|lGy jl/kl/ 3fp b]vf kg]{, kmf]S;f]
/f]uu|:t ePdf ;f; km]g{ ufx|f] x'g] .

h'gf]l6s /f]u Ps lrgf/L ÷ 9

/f]syfd M dfO{n]g 6]i6 u/L /f]usf] lgbfg ug]{ ,/f]uL kz' ayfgaf6
x6fpg], d/]sf] kz' ulx/f] vf8ndf uf8\g] .

%=*= cf]lg{yf]l;; -Ornithosis_ M

of] /f]u Snfldl8of l;6fsL
-Chlamydia psittaci_ gfd u/]sf]
l/s]l6\;ofaf6 vf;u/L ;'ufnfO{
nfUg] ub{5 t/ k/]jf, cGo r/fr'?ËL
/ dflg;df klg b]vf kg{ ;S5 .
nIf0fx? M r/fx?df /f]usf] nIf0f
;fwf/0ftM b]vf kb}{g t/ c;fdfGo l:ylt h:t}M bfgfkfgLdf kl/jt{g,
Ps 7fpFaf6 csf]{ 7fpFdf :yfgfGt/0f ubf{ /f]usf] :ki6 nIf0f b]vf
kg{;Sg] . k|d'v nIf0fx?df vfgf gvfg], /ut ldl;Psf] 5]g]{, ;f;
km]g{ ufx|f] x'g], emf]qmofpg] / l;+ufg kmfNg] .

%=(= a|';]nf]l;; -Brucellosis_ M

a|';]Nnf hfltsf lhjf0f'sf] ;+qmd0faf6
kz'x?df ue{ t'lxg], c08sf]if ;'lgg],
hf]gL{ ;'lgg], k|hgg\df x|f; cfpg]
/ Hj/f] cfpg] lrGx tyf nIf0f
b]vfpg] /f]unfO{ a|';]nf]ln; elgG5 .
dflg;df b]lvg] a|';]nf]l;; /f]unfO{
dfN6f lkmj/, c08'n]G6 lkmj/ klg
elgG5 .
dflg;df b]lvg] d'Vo nIf0fx? M Hj/f] cfpg] / 5f]8\g], kl;gf cfpg],
6fpsf] b'Vg], 9f8 b'Vg], l/+u6f nfUg], 3'+8f / hf]gL{ ;'lGgg] cflb .

h'gf]l6s /f]u Ps lrgf/L ÷ 10

kz'df b]lvg] d'Vo nIf0fx?M kz'x?df ue{ t'lxg], d/]sf] aRrf hlGdg],
ue{d} aRrf ;'Sg], ;fn cl8\sg], afFemf]kg b]lvg], c08sf]if ;'lgg]
cflb .

/f]syfd M
• pdfn]sf] jf k|zf]wg u/]sf] b"w dfq ;]jg ug]{ .
• /f]uL kz'nfO{ cnu /fVg] jf ayfgaf6 x6fpg] .
• lj/fdL kz'nfO{ cGo kz';Fu ;+;u{ gu/fpg] .
• kz'nfO{ a|';]nf]l;;sf] vf]k nufpg] .
• uf]7 tyf JolQmut ;/;kmfO{df Wofg lbg] .

%=!)= 6S;f]KnfHdf]l;; -Toxoplasmosis_ M

of] /f]u Toxoplasma gondii
gfds ;"Id k/lhjLaf6
dflg; tyf kz'x?df
nfU5 . la/fnf]sf] cfGb|fdf
kfO{g] of] k/lhljsf] c08f
la/fnf]n] lb;f u/]sf]
:yfgdf dlxgf} lbg;Dd
klg af+rL /xG5 h;sf]
;+qmd0faf6 kz' tyf dflg;df of] /f]u nfUg ;Sb5 .

/f]usf nIf0fx? M of] /f]usf] nIf0f Ps} k|sf/sf] b]lvb}g . k|d'v

nIf0fx?df Hj/f] cfpg], hf8f] nfUg], ysfO{ nfUg], 6fpsf] b'Vg]
cflb x'g\ . o; ;+qmd0faf6 :gfo' k|0ffnL k|efljt ePdf o;n] cfFvf,
dl:tis / cGo c+ux?df c;/ kfg{ ;S5 . ue{jtL dlxnfdf klxnf]
k6s ;+qmd0f ePsf] v08df ue{ktg x'g] ljsnf+u aRrf hlGdg] jf
hGdgf ;fy d[To' x'g ;S5 .

h'gf]l6s /f]u Ps lrgf/L ÷ 11

/f]syfd M
• la/fnf]n] lb;f ug]{ ju}rfdf sfd ubf{ k~hf nufP/ dfq sfd
ug]{ .
• sfd u/L ;s]kl5 ;fa'g kfgLn] /fd|/L xft w'g] .
• sfFrf] jf /fd|/L gkf]s]sf] df;' la/fnf]nfO{ gv'jfpg] .
• pdfn]sf] jf Snf]l/g rSsL /fv]sf] jf k|zf]lwt kfgL dfq lkpg] .
• kmnkm'n tyf sf+rf] t/sf/L af]qmf kmfn]/ jf /fd|/L :jR5 kfgLdf
kvfn]/ dfq vfg] .
• sf+rf] df;'sf] ;+;u{df cfPsf efF8f jt{g, vfgf /fVg] jt{g,
ksfpg] efF8f tyf cfkm\gf] xft /fd|/L ;kmf ug]{ .

%=!!= xfO8fl68f]l;;
-Hydatidosis_ M
s's'/ hfltdf nfUg]
Olsgf]sf]s; hftsf]
lkmQ] h'sfsf] c08fsf]
;+qmd0faf6 x'g] /f]unfO{
xfO8fl68 -Hydatidosis_
jf OsfO{gf]sf]sf]l;;\
-Echinococcosis_ elgG5 .

nIf0fx? M l;i6 ljsf; ePsf] z/L/sf] c+u lj:tf/} 7'nf] cfsf/sf]

x'g' jf ;'lGgg', z/L/df c;xh dx;'; ug{', l;i6n] ;+qmldt c+unfO{
sfd ug{ g;Sg] agfO{lbg klg ;Sg], l;i6sf] ljsf; k|foM sn]hf]df /
slxn] sfxLF kmf]S;f] tyf z/L/sf] cGo c+udf klg x'g ;Sg], l;i6sf]
cfsf/, c;/ u/]sf] z/L/sf] c+u / l;i6sf] ;+Vof cg';f/ nIf0f
klg km/s km/s b]lvg ;Sg], xfO8fl68 l;i6sf] ljsf; lj:tf/} x'Fb}
hfg] x'Fbf /f]usf] nIf0f b]lvg aiff}{ klg nfUg ;Sg], /f]usf] ;'?sf]

h'gf]l6s /f]u Ps lrgf/L ÷ 12

cj:yfdf dflg;n] yfxf gkfpg] x'Fbf /f]u lgbfgdf x]Ssf k'¥ofpg
;Sb}gg\, 7'nf] cfsf/sf] l;i6 z/L/ leq g} km'6\g uPdf dflg;sf]
d[To' ;d]t x'g ;Sb5 .

/f]syfd M
• s's'/nfO{ 5f]Pkl5 ;fa'g kfgLn] xft /fd|/L w'g] .
• tfhf kmnkm'n tyf sfFrf] t/sf/L :jR5 kfgLdf /fd|/L kvfn]/
dfq vfg] .
• s's'/nfO{ lgoldt ?kdf k/lhjL lj?4 pko'Qm cf}ifwL lbg] .
• s's'/nfO{ l;i6 ePsf] df;' vfg glbg] .
• s's'/nfO{ sfFrf] df;' vfg glbg] .
• s's'/nfO{ hyfefjL 5f8f g5f]8g] .

%=!@= n]K6f]:kfO/f]l;; -Leptospirosis_ M

n]K6f]:kfO/f hfltsf]
lhjf0f'sf] ;+qmd0faf6
kz' tyf d';f hflt
nufot dflg;df x'g]
/f]unfO{ n]K6f]:kfO{/f]l;;
elgG5 . of] /f]unfO{ d8
lkmj/, Soflgsf]nf lkmj/,
j]N; l8lhh, x]df]/]lhs
hl08;, :jfDk lkmj/
gfdn] klg lrlgG5 .
d'Vo nIf0fx? M of] /f]u dflg;df nfUbf ;'?df km\n' /f]usf] ;+qmd0f
em}+ nIf0fx? b]vfk/L nuftf/ 6fpsf] b'Vg], Hj/f] cfpg], jfGtf x'g],
lhp b'Vg], cfFvf /ftf] x'g], 5fnfdf dl;gf] a6fl/Psf] 8f]/L h:tf]

h'gf]l6s /f]u Ps lrgf/L ÷ 13

/ftf] w;f{ x'g] / s]lxdf sdnlkQ x'g], dlit:ssf] ;'hg / d[uf}nfn]
sfd gug]{ .

/f]syfd M
• d';f tyf 5'r'Gb|f] lgoGq0f ug]{ .
• bfgf, kfgL tyf vfB kbfy{df d';f tyf 5'r'Gb|f]sf] lk;fa kg{af6
hf]ufpg] .
• 3fp,rf]6k6s nfUbf t'?Gt} ;fa'g kfgLn] /fd|/L ;kmf ug]{ / kfgL
gl5g]{ k§L afFw]/ dfq k'gM sfddf hfg] .
• kz'sf] ;Dks{df cfP klg kmf]xf]/ d}nf 5f]P kl5 ;fa'g kfgLn]
/fd|/L xftuf]8f w'g] .
• kfgL pdfn]/ dfq lkpg] .
• kz'x?sf] lk;fa ldl;Psf] jf ldl;g ;Sg] kf]v/L jf tfndf
gg'xfpg] .

%=!#= sf]/f]gf efO/; -COVID–19_ M

ljZj clxn] gofF
vfnsf] gf]j]n sf]/f]gf
efO/; -COVID–19_
dxfdf/Ln] cfqmfGt
ag]sf] 5 . ;g\ @)!(
l8;]Da/b]lv rLgsf]
x'a]O k|fGtsf] a'xfg
zx/df ;j{k|yd b]vf
k/L xfn ljZjsf @))
eGbf a9L b]zdf /f]u km}ln;s]sf] 5 . of] efO/;n] lg/Gt/ ?kdf
cfkm\gf] :j?k kl/jt{g u/L /xG5 . ;fdfGotof efO/;df ;fgf] /

h'gf]l6s /f]u Ps lrgf/L ÷ 14

7'nf] dfqfdf h}ljs kl/jt{g eO/xG5 / gofF k|hflt pTkGg x'g
;S5 . h;nfO{ h}ljs k'gM ;+/rgf elgG5 . ha s'g} dflg; jf
hgfj/df b'O{ lsl;dsf efO/; Ps} k6s cfqmd0f ub{5 eg] b'a}
k|sf/sf u'0f ldl;P/ gofF k|hfltsf] pTkGg x'G5 eg] o;nfO{ g} gf]j]n
-Nobel_ elgG5 .
sf]/f]gf efO/; -COVID–19_ kz'kG5Lx?af6 dflg;df ;/]sf] atfOPsf]
eP klg cem};Dd o;sf] pTklQ af/] ljleGg wf/0ffx? ;fj{hlgs
eO/x]sf 5g\ . sf]/f]gf efO/; rd]/f, ;k{, la/fnf], s's'/af6 ;/]sf]
cg'dfg ul/Psf] ePklg a+u'/, xfF;, s'v'/faf6 lgs} sd ;g]{ lj1x?
atfpFb5g\ .

gf]j]n sf]/f]gf efO/; ;+qmd0fsf d'Vo nIf0fx? M

klxnf] r/0fdf b]vfkg]{ nIf0fx? M
• Hj/f] !))=$ l8u|L km/]gxfO6 eGbf a9L -!)@–!)$ l8u|L km/]gxfO6_
cfpg' .
• ;'Vvf / nx/] vf]sL nfUg' .
• 3fF6L / 6fpsf] b'Vg' .
• :jf; k|Zjf;df cTolws ;d:of cfpg' .
• ysfO nfUg' .

bf];|f] r/0fdf b]vfkg]{ nIf0fx? M

• cf/fd ubf{ klg ;f; 5f]6f] eP h:tf] nfUg' .
• klN6P/ ;'Tbf klg ;f; km]g{ ufx|f] x'g' .
• Zjf; k|Zjf;sf] cK7\of/f]n] ubf{ cGo k'/fgf /f]ux?n] klg RofKb}
hfg' .

h'gf]l6s /f]u Ps lrgf/L ÷ 15

t];|f] r/0fdf b]vfkg]{ nIf0fx? M
• ;f; km]g{ lgs} ufx|f] x'g] cyf{t\ x/]s ;f; km]g{sf] nflu ;+3if{
ug{' kg]{ .
• af]Ng Psbd ufx|f] x'g' .
• 5ftL w]/} b'Vg' / afGtf x'g' .
• p7\g lgs} ufx|f] x'g' .
• s'/fx? la;{g' cyf{t sGkm\o'h x'g' .
• a]xf]; x'g' .

gf]j]n sf]/f]gfsf] ;+qmd0f /f]syfdsf pkfox? M

• lgoldt ?kn] x/]s cfwfcfwf 306fdf ;fj'g kfgLn] ldlrldlr
xft w'g] .
• Xof08 ;]lg6fOh/ k|of]u ug]{ .
• df:s k|of]u ug]{ .
• le8ef8df ghfg] .
• vf]Sbf / xf5\o' ubf{ gfs d'v 5f]Kg] .
• km\n' h:tf] nIf0f b]lvPdf lrlsT;s;+u k/fdz{ lng] .
• km\n' h:tf] nIf0f b]lvg] hf] sf]xLsf] ;Dks{af6 6f9f /xg] .
• h+unL tyf 3/kfn'jf kz'kG5L;+usf] c;'/lIft ;Dks{af6 6f9f
/xg] .
• ;fu, t/sf/L tyf kz'hGo b"w, df;' / c08f /fd|/L ksfP/ dfq
vfg] .

%=!$= sfnfHj/÷n]l:dlgofl;; -Leishmaniasis_ M

of] /f]u Trypansome Genus Leishmania gfds k|f]6f]hf]jf k/hLjLaf6 ;g]{
;+qmfds /f]u xf] . of] /f]u ;]G8 km\nfO{ -Sand Flies_ e';'gfsf] 6f]sfO{af6
;b{5 . n]l:dlgof k|hLjLsf] ;+qmd0faf6 # k|sf/sf /f]ux? pTkGg

h'gf]l6s /f]u Ps lrgf/L ÷ 16

x'G5g\ . 5fnfdf
c;/ ug]{ So'6]lgo;
n]l:dlgofl;;
-Cutaneous
Leishmaniasis_ d'v,
sfg / 3fF6Lsf]
cfj/0f jf Do's;
d]Da|]gdf c;/ ug]{
Do's; So'6]lgo;
n]l:dlgofl;;
-Mucocutaneous
Leishmaniasis_ / sn]hf], lkmof] nufotsf z/L/sf cGo c+udf
c;/ u/L z/L/sf] /f]u k|lt/f]wfTds Ifdtf x|f; u/fpg] Visceral
Leishmaniasis÷Kala–azar -sfnfhf/÷sfnfHj/_ elgG5 .

/f]u ;g]{ tl/sf M n]l:dlgof k/hLjL s's'/df kfOG5 . of] /f]u ;+qmldt
s's'/nfO{ e';'gfn] 6f]s]/ dflg;nfO{ 6f]Sbf ;b{5 . o;sf] ;fy}
;+qmldt /ut 6«fG;km\o'hg ubf{ jf Pp6} l;l/~h /f]uL tyf cGo
dflg;df k|of]u ubf{ ;b{5 .
/f]usf d'Vo nIf0fx? M
of] /f]u nfu]kl5 dflg; b'Anfpb} hfg], sdhf]/ x'g], vf]sL nfUg],
dlxgf};Dd Hj/f] cfpg], hLpsf] /+u lgnf] x'b} hfg], 5fnf v;|f]
x'g], /Qm cNktf x'g], /ftL kl;gf cfpg], k]6 km'Ng], sn]hf] /
lkmof]sf] cfsf/ a9\g], /ut aUg] cflb dflg;df b]vf kg]{ sfnfhf/sf
nIf0fx? x'g . of] /f]u e';'gfn] 6f]s]kl5 /f]usf nIf0f b]lvg @ b]lv
* dlxgf nfUb5 .

h'gf]l6s /f]u Ps lrgf/L ÷ 17

/f]u lgbfg M
• of] /f]u lgbfgsf] nflu /ut / xf8 leqsf] df;L hfFr ul/G5 .

pkrf/ M pkrf/ u/]kl5 /f]u lgsf] x'G5 .

/f]u nfUgaf6 afRg] pkfox? M

• sfnfhf/ lj?4 vf]k nfupg],
• e';'gfsf] 6f]sfO{af6 aRgsf] nflu nfdf] afx'nf ePsf] sldh nfdf]
kfOG6 / df]hf nufpg],
• e';'gf eufpg] t]n jf lqmdn] z/L/df dfln; ug]{,
• ;femsf] a]nfdf 3/ aflx/ glg:sg],
• e';'gf lgoGq0f ug]{ /f;folgs kbfy{ 5s{g],
• 3/ tyf 3/ j/k/ ;/;kmfO{ /fVg] .

h'gf]l6s /f]u Ps lrgf/L ÷ 18

;Gbe{ ;fdu|Lx¿ M
• e]6g/L rf}dfl;s jif{ &, c+s @, ebf} @)^%, g]kfn e]6]l/g/L
Pzf]l;P;g
• e]6g/L rf}dfl;s jif{ !!, c+s !, c;f/ @)^( g]kfn e]6]l/g/L
Pzf]l;P;g
• a8{ km\n' /f]u af/] hfgsf/L Pleog OGkm\n'P~hf lgoGq0f cfof]hgf
a'9flgns07 sf7df8f}+ cf=j= @)^* ⁄ )^(
• 9sfn, 6+s k|;fb, l3ld/], 8f= lzj rGb|, kz' ;]jf k'l:tsf,
sdnf 9sfn e/tk'/ lrtjg, @)$*
• >]i7, 8f= /]jtLdfg, kz' :jf:Yo 1fg, >Ldlt ;'eb|f >]i7 ,hgsk'/
l;Gw'nL c;f/ @)$&
• u+uf]n, 8f= 1fg]Gb| gfy,h'gf]l6s /f]u M klxrfg, lgoGq0f /
/f]syfd,s[lif ;~rf/ dxfzfvf xl/x/ ejg nlntk'/ cf=j= )%^⁄%&
• /]ljh / hg:jf:Yo, e]6]l/g/L hg:jf:Yo sfof{no lqk'/]Zj/
sf7df8f}+
• e]6]l/g/L hg:jf:Yo a'n]l6g @)^*, e]6]l/g/L hg:jf:Yo sfof{no
lqk'/]Zj/, sf7df8f}+
• h'gf]l6s /f]u k|f]kmfOn @)^^, e]6]l/g/L hg:jf:Yo sfof{no
lqk'/]Zj/, sf7df8f}+
• kz'af6 dflg;df ;g]{ /f]ux?af/] hfgsf/L, /fli6«o kz' lj1fg
cg';Gwfg k|lti7fg, h'gf]l6s lgoGq0f cfof]hgf gfs{ sDkf]g]G6,
v'dn6f/, nlntk'/
• zfvL 8f= s[i0fk|;fb h'gf]l6s /f]ux? lxkft dfl;s jif{ % c+s
! ;fpg @)&@

h'gf]l6s /f]u Ps lrgf/L ÷ 19

• Olkl8ldnf]lhsn tyf /f]u lgoGq0f dxfzfvf 6]s' sf7df8f}+ -@*
h]7 @)&*_ k|fyldsLs/0f ePsf h'gf]l6s /f]ux? :jLs[t ePsf]
;DaGwdf kl/kq
• sfsL{ 8f= s]bf/ axfb'/ !! r}q @)&% hnjfo' kl/jt{g /
h'gf]l6s /f]u gful/s b}lgs 86sd
• Zoonotic disease and their prevention, Zoonosis control project,
NARC component khumaltar Lalitpur, 2070
• Disease of animal and poultry Puspa Parkashan Bihar Veterinary
College Patana India
• Zoonotic diseases : Etilogy, Impact and Control https://www.mdpi.
com/2076–2607/8/9/1405/htm
• https://reliefweb.int.report.world/integrating–neglected–
tropical–diseases–global–health–and–development–fourth–
who–report?

h'gf]l6s /f]u Ps lrgf/L ÷ 20