ANNEX 1: BIODIVERSITY FOCAL AREA STRATEGY FOR GEF-6

BACKGROUND

Biodiversity Status

1. The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) defines biodiversity as “the variability

among living organisms from all sources including, inter alia, terrestrial, marine and
other aquatic ecosystems and the ecological complexes of which they are part; this
includes diversity within species, between species, and of ecosystems.” 1

2. The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment and TEEB (The Economics of Ecosystems and
Biodiversity) demonstrated that biodiversity underpins ecosystem goods and services that
are required for the survival of human societies and for the future of all life on the planet.
In addition, biodiversity generates considerable economic value through the provision of
goods such as food, water, and materials, and services such as climate regulation,
pollination, disaster protection, and nutrient cycling.2

3. Governments, civil society organizations, the private sector, indigenous people and local
communities, and others have made some progress in sustainably managing biodiversity
and ecosystems at local and national levels, but not at the scale necessary to stem the
ongoing tide of biodiversity loss globally. Current estimates indicate that species loss is
occurring at 1,000 to 10,000 times the natural background rate. Of all the global
environmental problems facing the world today, biodiversity loss is the only one that is
likely irreversible.

4. The global target set for 2010 by the CBD “to achieve by 2010 a significant reduction of
the current rate of biodiversity loss at the global, regional and national level as a
contribution to poverty alleviation and to the benefit of all life on Earth” was not met.
The Global Biodiversity Outlook 3 reported the following sobering analysis:

(a) Species that have been assessed for extinction risk are on average moving closer
to extinction. Amphibians face the greatest risk, and coral species are
deteriorating most rapidly in status. Nearly a quarter of plant species are estimated
to be threatened with extinction.
(b) The abundance of vertebrate species, based on assessed populations, fell on
average by nearly a third between 1970 and 2006, and continues to fall globally,
with especially severe declines in the tropics and among freshwater species.
(c) Natural habitats continue to decline in extent and integrity, although the rate of
loss for tropical forests and mangroves has slowed significantly in some regions.

1
Convention on Biological Diversity, UNEP/CBD/94/1.
2
Millennium Ecosystem Assessment 2005, Ecosystems and Human Well-being: Synthesis, Island Press, Washington
DC; TEEB (2010) The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity: Mainstreaming the Economics of Nature: A
synthesis of the approach, conclusions and recommendations of TEEB.

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 Freshwater wetlands, sea ice habitats, salt marshes, coral reefs, seagrass beds, and
shellfish reefs are all showing serious declines.
(d) Extensive fragmentation and degradation of forests, rivers, and other ecosystems
have also led to loss of biodiversity and ecosystem services.
(e) Crop and livestock genetic diversity continues to decline in agricultural systems.3

Drivers of Biodiversity Loss

5. The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment highlighted the five main direct drivers of
biodiversity loss: habitat change, overexploitation or unsustainable use, invasive alien
species (particularly in island ecosystems), climate change, and pollution.4 More recent
analyses, including the Global Biodiversity Outlook 3, reported that these five drivers
remain the principal causes of biodiversity loss and are either constant or increasing in
intensity. An analysis of the proportion of threatened species on the IUCN Red List
(mammals, birds, amphibians) affected by each driver showed that more than 80% are
under threat from habitat loss, 70% from overexploitation and unsustainable use, and
almost 30% from invasive alien species. Although climate change is an emerging driver,
less that 20% of threatened species are affected by climate change and only 10% by
pollution.5
Conference of the Parties (COP) Guidance to the GEF

6. The guidance to the GEF from COP-11 covering GEF-6 (2014-2018) directed the GEF to
support the implementation of the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011-2020, including
the new Strategic Plan for biosafety and the first set of guidance provided to the GEF
from the Open- ended Ad Hoc Intergovernmental Committee for the Nagoya Protocol on
Access and Benefit-sharing (ICNP).6 However, the COP did not prioritize the elements of
the Strategic Plan or the Aichi Targets that GEF should support during GEF-6.

7. The Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011-2020 and the guidance provide to the GEF is
ambitious, comprehensive, and potentially expensive to implement. At COP-11, an
estimate of the resources required to implement the strategic plan and achieve the Aichi
Targets within GEF-eligible countries was presented by an external expert group. The
estimate of the amount of resources required for the GEF-6 period ranged from $ 35-87
billion in total for GEF-eligible countries, and, after applying various co-financing ratios,
the GEF incremental amount ranged from $5 billion to $29 billion7.
Rationale and Approach

8. The GEF-6 strategy does not explicitly address all direct or indirect drivers of
biodiversity loss. The strategy prioritizes the three principal direct drivers –– habitat loss,
3
Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity (2010) Global Biodiversity Outlook 3. Montréal, 94 pages.
4
Millennium Ecosystem Assessment 2005, Ecosystems and Human Well-being: Synthesis, Island Press, Washington
DC.
5
H. M. Pereira, L. M. Navarro, and I. S. Martins, “Global Biodiversity Change: The Bad, the Good, and the
Unknown,” Annual Review of Environment and Resources, vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 25–50, Jan. 2012.
6
UNEP/CBD/COP/DEC/XI/4.
7
UNEP/CBD/COP/11/INF/35.

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 overexploitation, and invasive alien species –– which remain the most critical for the
achievement of the Aichi Targets and are largely responsible for current trends of
biodiversity loss and ecosystem degradation. This approach will provide the best
opportunity for GEF to exploit the intersection of GEF’s mandate and the Strategic Plan
and the associated Aichi Targets, and will ensure that GEF investments achieve impact at
scale while delivering global environmental benefits.The current drivers of biodiversity
loss require a multi-pronged strategy to sustain biodiversity through a combination of
protection, sustainable use, and biodiversity mainstreaming.

9. GEF’s response recognizes that effectively managed protected area systems –– a

cornerstone of conservation for more than 100 years –– make significant contributions to
achieving many of the Aichi Targets. Protected area systems provide economically
valuable ecosystem goods and services and hence are core elements of a country’s
ecological infrastructure. Development and resource use external to the protected area
estate, however, often degrades biodiversity and ecosystem goods and services. Targeted
threat reduction and the promotion of the sustainable use of biodiversity can help secure
the protected areas themselves while contributing to the sustainable management and
climate-resiliency of the surrounding landscapes and seascapes.

10. Biodiversity mainstreaming is the process of embedding biodiversity considerations into

policies, strategies, and practices of key public and private actors that impact or rely on
biodiversity. Mainstreaming enables biodiversity to persist across entire landscapes and
seascapes. The societal failure to adequately price the economic value of biodiversity has
undermined the long-term sustainability of mainstreaming efforts, which have often
focused too narrowly on threat mitigation and palliative attempts to offset biodiversity
loss. GEF support to biodiversity mainstreaming actions that addresses this systemic
failure is paramount.

11. Ecosystem-based adaptation includes “the sustainable management, conservation and

restoration of ecosystems to provide services that help people adapt to the adverse effects
of climate change".8 GEF will continue to support activities –– primarily through
Programs 1,2, and 9 — that, while generating global biodiversity benefits as their
primary purpose, also may provide nature-based adaptation solutions. These activities
must be operationally feasible and help strengthen ecosystem resilience and maintain
biodiversity in the face of climate change. This would include, for example, support to
improving protected area management, and protected area system and site design
(Programs 1 and 2) and biodiversity mainstreaming in production landscapes and
seascapes (Program 9), among other potential entry points. Furthermore, the biodiversity
strategy seeks to maintain biodiverse landscapes and seascapes at sufficient scale and
extent to strengthen terrestrial and oceanic ecosystem integrity and the significant role
these ecosystems play in the global carbon cycle, allowing these ecosystems to serve as
major carbon stores and sinks. Securing ecosystem integrity through these programs will
help maintain essential ecosystem services that help people cope with changes in water

8
Connecting Biodiversity and Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation: Report of the Second Ad Hoc Technical
Expert Group on Biodiversity and Climate Change. Montreal, Technical Series No. 41. Secretariat of the
Convention on Biological Diversity (2009).

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 supplies, fisheries, incidence of disease, and agricultural productivity caused by climate
change.

12. The CBD Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011-2020 and its Aichi targets form the global
policy framework and entry point for harnessing synergy amongst the biodiversity-related
conventions.9 The Strategic Plan has been recognized as such in various COP decisions
or resolutions of the governing bodies for the other biodiversity-related conventions and
ongoing work is under way in several conventions with a view to aligning their respective
strategic frameworks even more strongly with the Strategic Plan. Hence, due to the
inclusive and comprehensive nature of the GEF biodiversity strategy, ample opportunity
exists for the inclusion of pertinent GEF-eligible activities, as prioritized in the country’s
revised National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plans (NBSAPs), to exploit this
synergy amongst the conventions and advance shared objectives.

13. A contributing element for promoting sustainability of biodiversity is opportunistic

engagement with the private sector. In the past, the GEF biodiversity focal area has
supported numerous projects that demonstrate successful private sector engagement and
have attracted significant private sector co-financing. Consistent with the GEF-6 private
sector strategy, this focal area will encourage the use of a range of intervention models,
including support for enabling policy environments, corporate alliances, and capacity
building/incubation for innovation as appropriate to advance the goals of the Strategic
Plan for Biodiversity 2011-2020. Each model may be used in different ways across
several categories of private sector players, including capital providers, financial
intermediaries, and other key partners (large corporations, small and medium enterprises,
resource user groups, cooperatives, and individuals). Within that context, the biodiversity
focal area will support projects that propose innovative engagement with the private
sector and that aim to complement rather than replace public sector support.
Gender

14. Rural women and men each play important but differentiated roles in biodiversity
management, use, and conservation through their tasks and responsibilities in food
production and provision, spanning the realm of agriculture, fisheries and forestry
management. The type of knowledge resource managers possess varies by age, gender,
and an individual’s associated roles and responsibilities. As daily natural resource
managers, they influence the total amount of genetic diversity conserved or used.
Consequently, they have different needs, priorities, and perspectives about the use of
crops, plants, and animals. Access to or control over resources and biodiversity as well as
education, training, information and control of the benefits of production also influences
the type of knowledge that rural men and women have and how they use that knowledge.
Women often take the lead in selection and improvement of local plant varieties, as well
as seed exchange and management, and thus play a critical role in the sustainable use of
plant and genetic resources. In many areas they are also the primary collectors of wild

9
The biodiversity-related conventions are: Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna
and Flora (CITES), Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS), International
Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (ITPGRFA), The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands, and
the World Heritage Convention (WHC).

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 foods in forests and they possess extensive knowledge of their location and
characteristics. In spite of the important contributions that women make to the
conservation and sustainable use of forest biodiversity and agrobiodiversity, women’s
roles and knowledge are often overlooked or underestimated in biodiversity programs,
projects and policies related to management of these and other ecosystems.

15. The CBD recognized the important role of women in achieving the objectives of the
Convention from its initiation, and in the thirteenth paragraph of its preamble, Parties
recognize “the vital role that women play in the conservation and sustainable use of
biological diversity and affirm the need for the full participation of women at all levels of
policy making and implementation for biological diversity conservation”. Subsequent
decisions by the COP and recommendations from the Subsidiary Body on Scientific,
Technical and Technological Advice (SBSTTA) have sought to ensure women’s
participation in conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity, particularly agricultural
biodiversity, and identify gender-specific ways in which to document and preserve
women’s knowledge of biological diversity. Implementation of Article 8(j) calls for “Full
and effective participation of women of indigenous and local communities in all activities
of the programme of work”. The Nagoya Protocol recognizes “the vital role that women
play in access and benefit-sharing” and calls particular attention to this role in its Articles
12 (traditional knowledge), 22 (capacity) and 25 (financial mechanism and resources).
The preamble calls for the participation of women in decision- and policy-making
surrounding access and benefit-sharing.

16. By and large, these decisions and recommendations mainly focus on participation as
opposed to gender equality. In 2008, a Gender Plan of Action was approved at COP-9 to
move the agenda forward towards gender equality. In 2010, in adopting the Strategic Plan
for Biodiversity 2011-2020, the COP requested Parties “to mainstream gender
considerations in the implementation of the Strategic Plan and its associated goals, the
Aichi Targets, and indicators”; and recognized the need for capacity-building, including
on gender mainstreaming, for effective national action. At COP-11, Parties further
emphasized “the importance of gender mainstreaming in all programmes of work under
the Convention as important to achieving the objectives of the Convention and the
Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011–2020”.

17. Therefore, consistent with the GEF policy on gender mainstreaming, GEF projects
funded under this strategy will not only acknowledge gender differences within their
design but determine what actions are required to promote both women and men’s roles
in biodiversity management as this is fundamental for sustaining biodiversity, particularly
in specific ecosystems and project intervention types where specialized knowledge and
management responsibilities have historically accrued to either women and men,
respectively. Although comprehensive and systematic empirical knowledge on how
women and men manage biodiversity in all ecosystems is inadequate at present, the
critical role that each play in the management of particular ecosystems and project
intervention types has been well-documented, for example, women’s role in the
management of agrobiodiversity and men’s role in the sustainable use of wildlife, and
these opportunities will require particular focus. All project designs will seek to avoid

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 adverse consequences for the most vulnerable groups, including indigenous peoples and
local communities, especially women.

18. Project proponents will be required to conduct gender analysis as part of the socio-
economic assessment during project preparation to ensure that the intervention design
incorporates and recognizes the differences between rural women’s and men’s labor,
knowledge, needs, and priorities. Projects will use gender-sensitive indicators and collect
sex-disaggregated data and this will be systemically recorded, reported and integrated
into adaptive management responses at the project level. In addition, projects will use the
GEF gender mainstreaming core indicators which will be aggregated for portfolio level
monitoring and reporting purposes. Finally, given that the knowledge base on gender and
biodiversity management is still evolving and being codified, the GEF will undertake
periodic reviews of the portfolio and highlight best practices in mainstreaming gender in
biodiversity projects.
GOAL AND OBJECTIVES

19. The goal of the biodiversity focal area strategy is to maintain globally significant
biodiversity and the ecosystem goods and services that it provides to society. To achieve
this goal, the strategy encompasses four objectives:
(a) improve sustainability of protected area systems;
(b) reduce threats to biodiversity;
(c) sustainably use biodiversity; and
(d) mainstream conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity into production
landscapes/seascapes and sectors.

20. The GEF-6 biodiversity strategy is composed of ten programs that directly contribute to
implementing the Strategic Plan and achieving the Aichi Targets through a continuum of
measures that address the most critical drivers of biodiversity loss across entire
landscapes and seascapes. The programs include direct conservation/protection, threat-
reduction, sustainable use, and biodiversity mainstreaming approaches. Each program
provides a response to threats and opportunities that are spatially and thematically
targeted, i.e., providing a focused and calibrated response in a specific ecosystem or
location in a landscape or seascape. In addition, for the first time, the strategy addresses
the most critical underlying driver of biodiversity loss; the failure to account for and price
the full economic value of ecosystems and biodiversity.

21. In addition to the ten programs presented in the strategy, GEF will also provide support
through the focal area set aside to countries to produce their 6th National Report to the
CBD as well as national reporting obligations under the Cartagena Protocol and Nagoya
Protocol that will be identified during upcoming COP-MOPs and that will come due
during the GEF-6 period. The overwhelming majority of GEF-eligible countries (95%)
have received support during GEF-5 to revise their NBSAP to be aligned with the
Strategic Plan and the Aichi Targets. However, the few remaining countries that have not
been able to submit a project proposal will remain eligible for support to revise their
NBSAP during GEF-6. Consistent with past practice and the GEF project review criteria,

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 projects submitted for funding in GEF-6 will have to demonstrate that the thematic areas
addressed within the project have been prioritized within the NBSAP and are
appropriately aligned with the Strategic Plan and the Aichi Targets.

22. In order to provide greater return on investment, the strategy prioritizes a series of
Programs that meaningfully contribute to all four goals of the Strategic Plan and 14 of the
20 Aichi Targets. These programs also have the greatest potential for a “knock-on” effect
to help achieve other Aichi Targets. Although not explicitly highlighted in the Aichi
Targets, the strategy also incorporates elements of the new Strategic Plan on Biosafety,
with a focus on implementation of National Biosafety Frameworks (NBF) as this remains
unfinished business from previous GEF phases.

23. It is important to note that while Aichi Targets 1, 8, 17, 18, 19 and 20 are not supported
through a targeted and specific biodiversity program; they will still receive direct and indirect
support during GEF-6. First, awareness-raising as identified in Target 1 will be supported
as an element of GEF projects and programs as appropriate, but not as a stand-alone
activity. Experience from GEF’s biodiversity portfolio has demonstrated that investments in
awareness-raising are not effective unless linked with an actual project intervention on
biodiversity management or policy development. Second, contributions to Target 8 will be
made both directly and indirectly through the implementation of the International Waters,
Chemicals, and Land Degradation Focal Area strategies, respectively. Third, GEF will
have funded the development of revised NBSAPs during GEF-5 in almost all countries.
Therefore, the implementation of priority actions within each country’s revised NBSAP
will be supported through the entirety of the GEF-6 biodiversity strategy and specific
GEF-6 integrated approaches, thus contributing to Target 17.10 Fourth, both Targets 18
and 19 are deemed as operational means to an end and their integration into the project
design and implementation process will be encouraged as relevant to specific project
designs. With regards to Target 20, GEF will track the total amount of co-financing
leveraged through GEF biodiversity projects and actively encourage and promote such
leverage, including through multi-focal area projects and other GEF projects that
contribute directly and indirectly to the Aichi Targets. In sum, the breadth of the GEF-6
strategy provides ample opportunity for countries to prioritize GEF-supported
investments, as defined in the revised NBSAP, to achieve the Aichi Targets.

24. The four objectives of the GEF strategy respond directly to the four goals of the Strategic
Plan, but do so in a targeted way to help ensure that the GEF contribution to each goal
and the associated targets will have the greatest impact per dollar invested. Annex 1
demonstrates the contribution of the objectives and programs of the GEF biodiversity
strategy to the goals of the Strategic Plan and the associated Aichi Targets.

25. In addition, the following GEF-6 integrated approaches; Taking Deforestation out of
Commodity Supply Chains and Fostering Sustainability and Resilience for Food Security
in Africa, will also make contributions to achieving the Aichi Targets, as will other GEF

10
The GEF-6 integrated approaches are distinct from the biodiversity strategy and are described in the document,
“GEF-6 Programming Directions” under the section entitled “Integrated Approaches to the Global Environment for
the Implementation of Multilateral Environmental Agreements and Promoting Sustainable Development”.

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 focal areas. Contributions of each pilot on integrated approaches and other GEF focal
area strategies are also presented in Annex 2.
BD 1: Improve Sustainability of Protected Area Systems

26. GEF support to the establishment and management of protected area systems and
associated buffer zones and biological corridors has arguably been GEF’s greatest
achievement during the last 20 years. Supporting the management of protected areas is
not only a sound investment in biodiversity conservation and sustainable use, but also
provides significant additional economic and environmental benefits beyond the
existence value of biodiversity.

27. The GEF defines a sustainable protected area system as one that: a) effectively protects
ecologically viable and climate-resilient representative samples of the country’s
ecosystems and provides adequate coverage of threatened species at a sufficient scale to
ensure their long term persistence; b) has sufficient and predictable financial resources
available, including external funding, to support protected area management costs; and c)
retains adequate individual and institutional capacity to manage protected areas such that
they achieve their conservation objectives.11

28. GEF support under this objective will strengthen these fundamental aspects of protected
area system sustainability: finance, representation, and capacity building leading to
effective management. GEF will continue to promote the participation and capacity
building of indigenous peoples and local communities, especially women, in the design,
implementation, and management of protected area projects through established
frameworks such as indigenous and community conserved areas.12 GEF will also promote
protected area co-management between government and indigenous peoples and local
communities where such management models are appropriate.

29. Developing climate-resilient protected area systems remains a challenge because the
scientific understanding and technical basis for informed decision-making on adaptation
or resiliency measures are in their nascent stages; despite this significant challenge, GEF
will initiate support for the development and integration of adaptation and resilience
management measures as part of protected area management projects; the first generation
of projects of this type were seen in GEF-5.

Program 1: Improving Financial Sustainability and Effective Management of the National

Ecological Infrastructure

30. GEF began to invest in improving financial sustainability of protected area systems in
GEF-4, but system-wide funding gaps remain at the national level in many GEF-eligible
countries. Restricted government budgets in many countries have reduced the financial

11
A protected area system could include a national system, a sub-system of a national system, a municipal-level
system, or a local level system or a combination of these.
12
Indigenous and Community Conserved Areas are natural sites, resources and species’ habitats conserved in
voluntary and self-directed ways by indigenous peoples and local communities.

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 support for protected area management and many are chronically underfunded and
understaffed. Thus, new financing strategies for protected area systems are critical to
reduce existing funding gaps and improve management. Furthermore, protected area
agencies and administrations are often ill-equipped to respond to the commercial
opportunities that protected areas provide through the sustainable use of biodiversity.
Hence targeted capacity building is also required.

31. Although considerable progress has been made in implementing GEF’s protected area
finance and management strategy in some countries, the application of the strategy has
been uneven regarding the systematic closing of the financing gap at the national level
and ensuring that increased revenues are being directed towards more effective
management of globally significant habitat. Therefore, in GEF-6, support to improving
protected area financial sustainability and effective management will be explicitly
directed towards globally significant protected areas within the national system, per the
criteria in Annex 3. Projects will identify the protected areas to which increased funding
will be directed to improve management as a result of the GEF investment while
recognizing that a proportion of any revenue increase will be absorbed by system-level
administration and management costs.

32. The GEF-6 strategy prioritizes the development and implementation of comprehensive,
system-level financing solutions. Previous GEF projects have too often been focused on
business plans and strategy development, with minimal project resources or time
dedicated to actual implementation of the financing strategies. In addition, experience in
the portfolio since GEF-4 has demonstrated the need for a long-term plan for reducing the
funding gap for protected area management, thus, individual GEF projects must be part
of a larger sustainable finance plan and context, and countries may require a sequence of
GEF project support over a number of GEF phases.

33. GEF-supported interventions will use tools and revenue mechanisms that are responsive
to specific country situations (e.g., conservation trust funds, systems of payments for
environmental services, debt-for-nature swaps, economic valuation of protected area
goods and services, access and benefit sharing agreements, etc.) and draw on accepted
practices developed by GEF and others. GEF will also encourage national policy reform
and incentives to engage the private sector (concessions, private reserves, etc.) and other
stakeholders to improve protected area financial sustainability and management.
Program 2: Nature’s Last Stand: Expanding the Reach of the Global Protected Area Estate

34. TEEB noted that protected areas provide ecosystem services worth more than the costs,
including the opportunity costs, of setting up and managing those areas. Nevertheless, the
time window for expansion of the protected area estate to bring under-represented
ecosystems and threatened species under protection is limited and a sense of urgency
remains as land-use pressure increases and populations expand.13 In many countries,
opportunities for expansion of the protected area estate may lie in IUCN categories IV-

13
TEEB (2010) The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity: Mainstreaming the Economics of Nature: A
synthesis of the approach, conclusions and recommendations of TEEB.

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 VI, thus placing increasing importance of using protected areas to promote sustainable
use of biodiversity.

35. This program will contribute to the achievement of Aichi Target 11 to conserve 17% of
terrestrial and inland water, and 10% of coastal and marine areas. However, the program
will require that protected areas established with GEF support are globally significant, as
defined by the criteria in Annex 3. This program, will allow for expansion of the estate
and management of these new sites. Projects will be expected to link plans for expansion
with the associated financing strategies supported through Program One, as has been the
practice in GEF-5.

36. Only about 2.35 million km2, 0.65% of the world's oceans and 1.6% of the total marine
area within Exclusive Economic Zones, are currently protected.14 The GEF will continue
to address this disparity through investments to increase the representation of globally
significant marine ecosystems in protected area systems. GEF will support efforts to
address the marine ecosystem coverage gap within national level systems through the
creation and effective management of coastal and near shore protected area networks,
including no-take zones, to conserve and sustainably use marine biodiversity. As per
Program 6, a particular focus of expanding marine area coverage will be to increase the
area of coral reefs within Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) thus making a direct
contribution to the achievement of Aichi Target 10. The program will target the
identification and establishment of MPA networks or of large MPAs whose management
will help reduce pressures on coral reefs.

37. Many countries have also identified national gaps in the coverage of terrestrial
ecosystems and threatened species, which coincide with existing global representation
gaps. GEF will support the creation of new protected areas to expand terrestrial and
inland water ecosystem representation within protected area systems. Conserving habitat
for landraces and wild crop relatives of species of economic importance may also be
included as part of this effort to reduce representation gaps as referenced in Program
Seven. GEF will also support the creation of new protected areas that improve the
coverage of the spatial range of threatened species.

BD 2: Reduce Threats to Globally Significant Biodiversity

Program 3: Preventing the Extinction of Known Threatened Species15

38. Target 12 of the Aichi Biodiversity Targets states that “by 2020 the extinction of known
threatened species has been prevented and their conservation status, particularly of those
most in decline, has been improved and sustained.” According to IUCN, as of 2013 there
were over 20,000 threatened species globally. The main threats to these species involve
a) habitat destruction and fragmentation; b) climate change; c) introduction of exotic

14
Assessing progress towards global marine protection targets: shortfalls in information and action. Louisa J. Wood,
Fish Lucy, Laughren Josh, Pauly Daniel, 2008, Volume: 42, Oryx.
15
Critically endangered (CR), Endangered (CN), and Vulnerable (VU) per the IUCN Red List.

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 species; d) pollution; e) over-exploitation of resources; and f) hunting, poaching, illegal
trade of endangered species. Among many illustrative examples are the Chinese giant
salamander (Andrias davidianas) previously widely distributed in China but now almost
completely wiped out due to over-exploitation as food, and the leatherback sea turtle
(Demochelys coriacea) considered Critically Endangered due to the theft of eggs, illegal
hunting, loss of nesting habitat and the ingestion of plastic debris. While other GEF
programs actively address many of these threats, additional effort is required to address
hunting, poaching and illegal trade of endangered species in particular.

39. Illegal trade in wildlife and wildlife parts is an emerging driver of biodiversity loss. The
problem is particularly acute in Africa, where iconic mammals are under siege. Over the
past several years, elephant and rhino populations have fallen as poachers slaughter them
for their tusks and horns to be sold on the black market, mainly in Asia (see Annex 4).
The impact of the loss of the largest terrestrial mega-vertebrates still roaming the planet
goes beyond their enormous intrinsic value. First, protected areas devoid of elephants and
rhinos will face increased opportunity costs brought about by reduced tourism revenue
and result in greater pressure to convert protected areas to alternative land-uses that do
not support biodiversity. Second, poaching is an insidious activity that weakens
institutions and governance systems that are essential for effectively managed protected
area systems. In addition, poaching at the current scale undermines the rule of law and
economic development generally. Third, elephants and rhinos are keystone species that
maintain the balance of other species in the ecological community. The richest wildlife
communities in Africa are found where woodland and savanna ecosystems meet and
become interspersed with each other. Elephants in particular are one of the most
important agents influencing the dynamics of that mixture, and their activities generally
increase the overall biological diversity of their habitat. While rhinos are not as robust
environmental engineers as elephants, they also play an important role in opening up
pathways and seed dispersal avenues in dense thickets that are otherwise impenetrable to
antelope and other species. In addition, rhino can add significantly to the heterogeneity of
the system and increase biodiversity by making available new ecological niches, such as
grazing areas.16

40. Armed militias are using increasingly sophisticated communication technologies,

weapons, and transport that are overwhelming the capacity of Governments to stop them.
Sharp increases in the incidences of poaching have resulted in a call by national and
international organizations to increase efforts to stop poachers that threaten not only
wildlife but also humans while undermining the economic development that wildlife-
based tourism brings to rural communities and national governments. Of equal
importance is the need to tackle the illegal trafficking of and demand for these products
in the markets of Asia and elsewhere, including local markets.

41. This program will address both supply and demand aspects of poaching to build
monitoring and enforcement capacity and using social media, education, and awareness-

16
Waldram, M. 2005. “The Ecological Effects of Grazing by the White Rhino at a landscape scale.”, University of
Capetown, 224 p.

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 raising to staunch the demand for these products and pressure Governments to improve
enforcement of existing laws.

42. Within the context of the CBD and Aichi Target 12, GEF will support strengthening
decision making processes including legislation and its implementation, strategic
planning, and capacity of national agencies in Africa engaged in reducing poaching and
illegal trade of tusks, horns, and associated by-products. Support will include building the
capacity of environmental law enforcement agencies and the judiciary to reduce poaching
inside and outside of the protected area system and improving border enforcement
through cross-sectoral collaboration. GEF will also support the preparation of action
plans where governments commit to an adequate budget for their implementation,
effectively contributing to the sustainability of these activities. GEF will also support
efforts to increase cooperation within and between law enforcement agencies and relevant
international organizations and to mobilize political support for environmental law
enforcement.

43. Perhaps most importantly, efforts must be made to reduce consumer demand for illegally
traded wildlife by raising awareness of the scale and impacts of illegal wildlife trade on
biodiversity and the environment, livelihoods, and human health, its links to organized
crime, and the availability of sustainable alternatives. The erosion of the rule of law and
the use of illegal trade to finance conflict impacts disproportionately on women and
children who are most affected by conflict and violence, loss of livelihoods and crime.
GEF will support activities to catalyze high-level political will to fight wildlife
trafficking, and secure the shared commitment of government (at national and local
levels), private land owners, local communities, and international stakeholders.

44. The program will make a concerted effort to respond to the threat of extinction of species
that are critical for the ecological and economic sustainability of many protected areas in
sub-Saharan Africa. This will not preclude the submission of proposals from other
countries or regions where poaching and illegal trade poses an imminent danger to a
threatened species. For example, wildlife poaching and illegal trade in Eurasia, including
Asia, Russia, and Central Asia, is also increasing dramatically. The demand for high-
value wildlife products in Asian markets has helped fuel a dramatic upsurge of poaching
of Asian elephants and rhinos, as well as tigers and other wildlife. GEF will complement
anti-poaching work in Africa through a similar array of interventions at source sites for
rhino and elephants and other wildlife in Asia. Efforts will include:
(a) strengthening national legislation, institutions, and law enforcement to reduce
poaching;
(b) strengthening science-based wildlife monitoring, education and awareness; and;
(c) reducing demand for illegal wildlife products.

45. This program will be developed and implemented as a pilot to best evaluate how GEF
can engage with the relevant stakeholders, forge new partnerships, and deliver financial
resources and the technical assistance required when addressing illegal trade of wildlife
and other species. Lessons learned from Program Three will provide insights for possible
future GEF investments addressing threats to threatened species.

12
Program 4: Prevention, Control, and Management of Invasive Alien Species

46. Invasive alien species (IAS) are non-native organisms that cause, or have the potential to
cause harm to the environment, economy and human health. The globalization of trade,
travel, and transport is greatly increasing the rate at which IAS move around the world, as
well as the diversity and number of species being moved.

47. IAS can exert a heavy economic toll on national governments, industries, and the private
sector. For example, the estimated damage from invasive species worldwide totals more
than $1.4 trillion or 5% of the global economy.17 IAS can impact human health through
disease epidemics, and pathogens and parasites may themselves be IAS or may be
introduced by invasive vectors.

48. Despite the various COP decisions identifying the need for Parties to address IAS as a
priority biodiversity management problem, only 11 projects focused on IAS have been
submitted for funding to GEF in the past 20 years and only one project in the first three
years of GEF-5. These national and regional projects have benefited 30 countries,
including 20 island states and two continental countries that invested in IAS management
in island archipelagos under their jurisdiction.

49. Islands are particularly susceptible to the impacts of IAS. Islands are recognized as
having exceptionally high numbers of endemic species, with 15% of bird, reptile and
plant species on only 3% of the world’s land area. The conservation significance of
islands is highlighted by global analyses showing that 67% of the centers of marine
endemism and 70% of coral reef hotspots are centered on islands.

50. The isolated nature of islands can also provide some advantages in efforts to minimize
the spread and impact of IAS in a cost-efficient manner. Terrestrial and freshwater IAS
have difficulty colonizing islands on their own accord. Furthermore, the contained nature
and relatively small size of islands enables the implementation of cost-effective response
measures to prevent introductions, and to control and manage IAS that become
established. Therefore, during GEF-6 this program will focus on island ecosystems. This
focus is driven not only by programming demand, but by an ecological imperative: IAS
are the primary cause of species extinctions on island ecosystems and if not controlled
can degrade critical ecosystem services on islands such as the provision of water. The
focus also responds to the opportunity offered by the stronger interest to advance IAS
management on the part of island states and countries with island archipelagos, and the
opportunity that island ecosystems provide to demonstrate success in addressing the
problem of IAS. Such success may in turn generate greater attention and interest in the
comprehensive pathways management approach being promoted under this program.

51. GEF will support the implementation of comprehensive prevention, early detection,
control and management frameworks that emphasize a risk management approach by
focusing on the highest risk invasion pathways. Targeted eradication will be supported in

17
Pimentel, D., McNair, S., Janecka, J., Wightman, J., Simmonds, C., O'Connell, C., Wong, E., Russel, L., Zern, J.,
Aquino, T. and Tsomondo, T. 2001. Economic and environmental threats of alien plant, animal, and microbe
invasions. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 84: 1-20.

13
 specific circumstances where proven, low-cost, and effective eradication would result in
the extermination of the IAS and the survival of globally significant species and/or
ecosystems. While the program will focus on island ecosystems and will strongly engage
with island states to advance this agenda, projects submitted by continental countries that
address IAS management through the comprehensive pathways approach outlined above
will also be supported.

Program 5: Implementing the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety

52. The Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety (CPB) seeks to ensure an adequate level of
protection in the field of the safe transfer, handling, and use of living modified organisms
resulting from modern biotechnology that may have adverse effects on biological
diversity. While rooted in the precautionary approach, the CPB recognizes modern
biotechnology as having great potential for the promotion of human well-being,
particularly in meeting critical needs for food, agriculture, and health care. The Protocol
sets the parameters to maximize the benefit that biotechnology has to offer, while
minimizing the possible risks to the environment and to human health.

53. GEF’s strategy to build capacity to implement the CPB prioritizes the implementation of
activities that are identified in country stock-taking analyses and in the COP guidance to
the GEF, in particular the key elements in the recently adopted framework and action
plan for capacity building for effective implementation of the CPB at the sixth COP
serving as the Meeting of the Parties to the CPB (COP-MOP-6) and the recently adopted
Strategic Plan for Biosafety, 2011-2020 agreed at COP-MOP 6. By the end of GEF-5, as
many as 64 countries will have received support for implementation of their National
Biosafety Frameworks (NBFs); however, another 71 eligible countries have yet to request
support to implement their NBFs. GEF-6 will provide the opportunity for these countries
to seek support for these initial phases of basic capacity building.

54. The implementation of National Biosafety Frameworks in these remaining countries will
be undertaken when the characteristics of the eligible country, as assessed in the stock-
taking analysis, recommend a national approach for the implementation of the CPB in
that country. GEF will provide support to eligible countries through regional or sub-
regional projects when there are opportunities for cost-effective sharing of limited
resources and for coordination between biosafety frameworks to support CPB
implementation. GEF experience has shown that these kinds of approaches are effective
where stock-taking assessments support the potential for coordinating biosafety
frameworks, interchange of regional expertise, and capacity building in common priority
or thematic areas to develop the capacities of groups of countries lacking competences in
relevant fields.

55. The GEF will support thematic projects addressing some of the specific provisions of the
Cartagena Protocol. These projects should be developed at the regional or sub-regional
level and build on a common set of targets and opportunities to implement the protocol
beyond the development and implementation of NBFs.

14
 56. The GEF will support the ratification and implementation of the Nagoya-Kuala Lumpur
Supplementary Protocol on Liability and Redress to the CPB.

BD 3: Sustainably Use Biodiversity

Program 6: Ridge to Reef+: Maintaining Integrity and Function of Globally Significant Coral
Reef Ecosystems

57. Coral reefs cover only 0.2% of the ocean’s floor, but they contain 25% of all marine
species. For many countries, coral reef ecosystems are critical to fisheries, tourism, and
coastal protection, and offer opportunities for other kinds of exploitation such as bio-
prospecting, fish aquaria, and jewellery. TEEB estimated that coral reef ecosystems
provide society with living resources and services worth about $375 billion each year.

58. Despite their economic value, coral reef ecosystems are threatened by large disturbances.
The most recent survey (2008) conducted by the Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network
concluded that 19% of global coral reefs are unlikely to recover, 15% are in a critical
stage (e.g., suffered a bleaching event, some mortality), and 20% are threatened by local
activity. The combination of local (e.g., over-exploitation, physical damage), regional
(e.g. pollution and sedimentation runoff from the adjacent watersheds), and global threats
(e.g., ocean warming and acidification), make coral reef ecosystems increasingly
susceptible to disturbance or damage.

59. Overfishing is the most important local threat, affecting more than 55% of the world’s
coral reef ecosystem; coastal development and watershed-based pollution each threaten
about 25%; and marine-based pollution and damage from ships threaten about 10%.
Annex 5 provides an overview of the status of coral reef ecosystems and threats in each
of five major coral reef regions.

60. Because coral reef resilience to bleaching and other stressors can be improved by a
balanced biological and functional diversity with sufficient species interactions, the
program will prioritize working in coral reef ecosystems that fulfill the following criteria:
(a) Globally significant source population (site is responsible for the persistence of a
significant proportion of global population of coral reef); and
(b) Bioregionally restricted coral reef (site is responsible for persistence of a
significant proportion of rare coral reef species or important for the life history of
a coral reef ecosystem).

61. This program will support the development of the three inter-dependent components
outlined below that are focused on threat reduction and sustainable use and that
complement the investments in Marine Protected Areas under Program One and Two.

62. The GEF will support increasing the area of coral reefs situated within MPAs. An
important spatial factor for coral reef resilience is the connectivity among and within
coral reefs. Therefore, the development of MPA networks or of large MPAs will be

15
 targeted. Programs 1 and 2 will prioritize this expansion and secure resources for the
management of these new areas.

63. GEF will support the development, adoption and enforcement of policy and regulatory
frameworks and legislation to mitigate marine-based pollution and damage to coral reef
ecosystems. GEF will also support national and international trade regulations for reef
products, e.g., aquarium fish, corals, and shells. This could include support to capacity
building and encouraging certification and monitoring systems.

64. GEF will support the implementation of integrated coastal management that better
addresses local marine pressures on coral reef ecosystems. This will include support for
the development of community-level rights-based management areas at the boundaries of
MPAs. There are many different types of systems of property rights and different ways in
which these are used to manage small scale near-shore fisheries. Property rights in these
fisheries vary greatly in terms of their security (or quality of title), durability
(permanence), transferability, and exclusivity. These four characteristics are the basis for
the legal empowerment that comes with rights based approaches to fisheries
management. In addition, holders of property rights can also vary. Women have limited
property rights and that significantly impacts their ability to participate in developing
sustainable small scale fisheries, therefore, using a gender perspective will be critical to
improve marine conservation and fisheries management. Under the GEF strategy,
Fisheries Right Based Management refers to any system of allocating fishing rights to
fishers, fishing vessels, enterprises, cooperatives or fishing communities that ensures the
sustainable management of the targeted marine resource and its ecosystem. The income
generated by the payment for access to the rights-based management areas will be used to
promote coral reef ecosystem conservation and sustainable use. Both within and outside
marine management areas, GEF will focus on those actions that enhance coral reef health
and resilience at the boundaries of the MPAs, including the application of fisheries
management tools (restriction of fishing gear, regulations of fishing grounds and fishing
seasons), the implementation of regulations for tourism (zoning, infrastructure
development), and shipping (discharge from ships, shipping lanes, infrastructure
development).

65. This targeted support to Integrated Coastal Management will address direct pressures on
coral reefs (the “+” of the Program), and therefore complement current GEF-funded
Ridge to Reef projects which primarily aim to reduce land-based pollution and promote
Integrated Water Resources Management.
Program 7: Securing Agriculture’s Future: Sustainable Use of Plant and Animal Genetic
Resources

66. The conservation and sustainable use of the genetic diversity of cultivated plants,
domesticated animals, of their wild relatives and of other socio-economically and
culturally valuable species, including aquatic, forest, microbial and invertebrate genetic
resources, is central to achieving food security and nutrition of a growing world
population, improving rural livelihoods, developing more sustainable agriculture
practices, and improving ecosystem function and the provision of ecosystem services in
production landscapes. As climates and production environments change, in often
16
 unpredictable ways, genetic diversity is also essential to providing the necessary
adaptability and resilience.

67. Crop and animal genetic diversity in many production systems have eroded significantly.
Threats to genetic diversity are associated with the continuing use of unsustainable
approaches that drive excessive use of fertilizers and pesticides, pollution of aquifers and
waterways, declining levels of groundwater, and mismanagement of soils.

68. Land use changes and fragmentation threaten wild relatives of domestic plants and
animals. There has also been significant loss of crop wild relatives (genetic and species
diversity) from production and natural ecosystems. Program Two of the biodiversity
strategy will provide support to establish protection for Crop Wild Relatives (CWR) in-
situ through CWR Reserves. Program One of the biodiversity strategy may generate
revenues to support active management of CWR in existing protected areas and in future
CWR Reserves.

69. Annex 6 identifies priority genetic reserve locations for wild relatives for 14 major global
food crops (finger millet, barley, sweet potato, cassava, banana/plantain, rice, pearl
millet, garden pea, potato, sorghum, wheat, faba bean, cowpea and maize).18 The centers
of crop genetic diversity indicated by the enclosed lines are likely to contain other
priority sites for other crop gene pools. GEF investment in CWR reserves would focus
on these areas; however, support to managing priority CWR reserves mapped and identified
at national level that complement global level assessments undertaken by FAO and others
would also be eligible if the CWR in question were of global significance.19

70. This program will focus its support on in-situ conservation, through farmer management,
which allows continuing evolution and adaptation of cultivated plants and domesticated
animals. This approach also meets the needs of rural communities, including indigenous
peoples and local communities, especially women, who often depend on agricultural
biodiversity for their livelihoods through its contribution to food security and nutrition,
medicines, fodder, building materials and other provisioning services as well through
support for ecosystem function. Women’s participation will be particularly critical in this
program, given the primary role that women play in agrobiodiversity management. In-
situ conservation in production landscapes helps improve sustainability and resilience. A
recent analysis confirmed that agricultural biodiversity played a central role in the
strategies adopted by rural communities adapting to climate change20.

71. GEF will concentrate it support on the sustainable use of plant genetic resources in
Vavilov centers of diversity. Results from this program may also generate important co-
benefits for the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and

18
Second State of the World’s Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture. 2009 FAO, Rome.
19
A global approach to crop wild relative conservation: securing the gene pool for food and agriculture, 2010, Kew
Bulletin, Vol. 65: 561-576. Maxted, Nigel et. al.
20
Dunja Mijatovic, Frederik Van Oudenhoven, Pablo Eyzaguirre, and Toby Hodgkin. 2012, The role of agricultural
biodiversity in strengthening resilience to climate change: towards an analytical framework. International Journal of
Agricultural Sustainability.

17
 Agriculture. GEF will focus on innovations to current production systems and practices
that:
(a) Maintain and strengthen different production systems and their elements,
including agriculture practices based on local and traditional knowledge, that
allow continued evolution and adaptation (adequate population sizes, seed
systems, movement of useful materials, and access to ex-situ materials);
(b) Link genetic diversity maintenance to improved food security and economic
returns for rural communities and farmers (including local market access and
market regulations);
(c) Develop policies, strategies, legislation, and regulations that shift the balance in
agricultural production in favor of diversity rich approaches. These include
support for the adoption of appropriate fiscal and market incentives to promote or
conserve diversity on-farm and across the production landscape;
(d) Strengthen capacity of the agricultural development, extension and research
communities and institutions that are needed for in-situ conservation, so that
agricultural biodiversity is embedded in sustainable intensification and adaptation
to climate change; and
(e) Strengthen the capacities of community and smallholder organizations, and
farmers (both men and women) to participate in the identification, development,
and implementation of solutions.

Program 8: Implementing the Nagoya Protocol on Access and Benefit Sharing

72. The Nagoya Protocol on Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS) provides a legal framework
for the effective implementation of the third objective of the Convention on Biodiversity
(CBD). Ninety-two CBD parties have signed and 25 have ratified the Nagoya Protocol.21
The Protocol will enter into force on the 90th day after the date of deposit of the 50th
instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval, or accession.

73. The GEF will support implementation of the Nagoya Protocol using resources from the
GEF Trust Fund and, in parallel, from the Nagoya Protocol Implementation Fund (NPIF).
The future of the NPIF will be deliberated upon at the next CBD COP to be held after the
initiation of the GEF-6 cycle. The successful implementation of ABS at the national level
has the potential to make considerable contributions to biodiversity conservation and
sustainable use, and thus is relevant to all Aichi Targets and many of the programs
presented in the GEF biodiversity strategy. As such, projects developed for funding under
other GEF programs will be encouraged to explore the potential and relevance of ABS to
contribute to specific project and program objectives. However, given the incipient nature
of the thematic area, and the importance that the COP has placed on ABS both in the way
guidance is presented to the GEF and the strong emphasis that has been given on capacity

21
The Nagoya Protocol was adopted by the Parties of the Convention of Biodiversity at the 11th meeting of the
Parties on 29th October, 2010 in Nagoya, Japan.

18
 building at this stage, this program is presented as a discrete and important element of the
GEF biodiversity strategy and thus merits its own program of support.

74. GEF Trust Fund Support. Projects funded under the GEF Trust Fund will support
national and regional implementation of the Nagoya Protocol and, if still required,
targeted capacity building to facilitate ratification and entry into force of the Protocol. As
such, the GEF will support the following core activities to comply with the provisions of
the Nagoya Protocol:
(a) Stocktaking and assessment. GEF will support gap analysis of ABS provisions in
existing policies, laws and regulations, stakeholder identification, user rights and
intellectual property rights, and assess institutional capacity including research
organizations.
(b) Development and implementation of a strategy and action plan for the
implementation of ABS measures. (e.g. policy, legal, and regulatory frameworks
governing ABS, National Focal Point, Competent National Authority,
Institutional agreements, administrative procedures for Prior Informed Consent
(PIC) and Mutually Agreed Terms (MAT), monitoring of use of genetic
resources, compliance with legislation and cooperation on trans-boundary issues);
and
(c) Building capacity among stakeholders (including indigenous and local
communities, especially women) to negotiate between providers and users of
genetic resources. Countries may consider institutional capacity-building to carry
out research and development to add value to their own genetic resources and
traditional knowledge associated with genetic resources. The GEF will also
support the participation in the ABS Clearing-House mechanism as soon as the
Clearing-house is operational, including in its piloting.

75. The GEF will also enhance national implementation of the Nagoya Protocol through
regional collaboration. Regional collaboration would help build capacity of countries to
add value to their own genetic resources and traditional knowledge associated with genetic
resources and avoid duplication of regulatory mechanisms while encouraging intra-
regional collaboration. Regional collaboration can also address the financial and human
resource constraints faced by small or least developed countries through sharing
regulatory and scientific resources.

76. Nagoya Protocol Implementation Fund (NPIF) Support. The primary objective of the
NPIF is to facilitate early entry into force and create enabling conditions at national and
regional levels for implementation of the Protocol. The NPIF will support opportunities
leading to the development and implementation of ABS agreements between providers
and users of genetic resources that actively inform national implementation of the
Nagoya Protocol. Providers would include Parties to the CBD as well as those
stakeholders providing access to resources on the ground, including indigenous peoples
and local communities. Users can include Parties of the CBD as well as those interested
in the resources including, for example, sectors like the pharmaceutical industry,
biotechnology, ornamental horticulture, natural personal care and cosmetics, museums,
academic institutions, and research collections.
19
BD 4: Mainstream Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Use into Production
Landscapes/Seascapes and Sectors

Program 9: Managing the Human-Biodiversity Interface

77. Protected areas are the conservation community’s most successful management response
to conserve and sustainably use biodiversity. However, protected areas do not exist as
isolated islands of tranquility where evolutionary processes continue uninterrupted by
humans. Rather, protected areas are often located in mixed-use landscapes and seascapes
where natural resources are managed or exploited — at times unsustainably — to satisfy
human needs for food, water, wood, energy, and minerals. These resource uses often
unintentionally degrade biodiversity within and outside protected areas. In addition,
production landscapes and seascapes also provide habitat to globally significant
biodiversity. Managing the human-biodiversity interface requires additional and
innovative approaches that help maintain the integrity of the protected area estate while
ensuring persistence of biodiversity in more expansive geographies.

78. GEF has for the past decade worked to embed biodiversity conservation and
sustainability objectives in the management of wider production landscapes and
seascapes through support to an array of policies, strategies, and practices that engage
key public and private sector actors in order to conserve and sustainably use biodiversity.
This process, referred to as “biodiversity mainstreaming”, has focused primarily on the
following suite of activities: a) developing policy and regulatory frameworks that
remove perverse subsidies and provide incentives for biodiversity-friendly land and
resource use that remains productive but that does not degrade biodiversity; b) spatial and
land-use planning to ensure that land and resource use is appropriately situated to
maximize production without undermining or degrading biodiversity; c) improving and
changing production practices to be more biodiversity friendly with a focus on sectors
that have significant biodiversity impacts (agriculture, forestry, fisheries, tourism,
extractives); and d) piloting an array of financial mechanisms (certification, payment for
environmental services, access and benefit sharing agreements, etc.) to help incentivize
actors to change current practices that may be degrading biodiversity.

79. GEF will continue to support these activities during GEF-6 but with a renewed emphasis
on ensuring that interventions are spatially targeted and thematically relevant to
conserving or sustainably using globally significant biodiversity. Through more careful
targeting, support under this program can better deliver multiple conservation outcomes:
sustaining biodiversity in the production landscape and seascape which will
simultaneously secure the ecological integrity and sustainability of protected area
systems. In addition, successful biodiversity mainstreaming in the GEF portfolio has been
a long-term process, often requiring multiple and complementary projects that span
numerous GEF phases. In order for biodiversity mainstreaming to achieve impacts at the
scale necessary to advance the related Aichi Targets, a series of investments by GEF and
other donors within a larger-scale planning and management context may be required.
Projects in GEF-6 and onward will be required to frame GEF’s support to biodiversity
mainstreaming accordingly to increase the likelihood of success and impact.

20
 80. This program will also support ecosystem restoration in specific locations where
restoration is deemed essential to help ensure the persistence of globally important
biodiversity in the production landscape and seascape; particularly in areas adjacent to
protected areas.
Program 10: Integration of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services into Development and
Finance Planning

81. The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment provided a conceptual framework that facilitated
a comprehensive understanding of the values of biodiversity to society beyond its mere
existence value (see Annex 7). Numerous organizations and projects have used this
conceptual framework to estimate the value of biodiversity to society through the goods
and services it provides, including the Wealth Accounting and the Valuation of
Ecosystem Services (WAVES) partnership, The Natural Capital Project, TEEB, the LAC
Biodiversity Superpower initiative and numerous GEF-funded projects. In addition, the
CBD Strategic Plan identifies Aichi Target 2, to which this program will make a
considerable contribution, as critical target to addressing a key underlying driver of
biodiversity loss.

82. Although a number of approaches are currently being used to recognize, demonstrate, and
capture the value of biodiversity and ecosystem services, a mismatch remains between
valuation and development policy and financing. Valuation is not leading to the
development of policy reforms needed to mitigate the drivers of biodiversity loss and
encourage sustainable development through the better management of biodiversity and
natural capital, nor is it triggering changes in the use and scale of public and private
finance flows on the scale necessary to address threats. Policy and finance reforms must
accompany valuation so that the finance and development decisions that impact natural
ecosystems and biodiversity include incentives and price signals that result in more cost
effective and sustainable biodiversity management.

83. This program will complement the work undertaken in Program Nine and will pilot
national-level interventions that link biodiversity valuation and economic analysis with
development policy and finance planning. The outcome from these projects will be
biodiversity valuation that informs policy instruments and fiscal reforms designed to
mitigate perverse incentives leading to biodiversity loss. These may be linked to larger
policy reforms being undertaken as part of the development policy dialogue,
development policy operations, or other efforts. It will also include specific support to
reform finance flows, for instance through public expenditure reviews, and to
operationalize innovative finance mechanisms such as payments for ecosystem services,
habitat banking, aggregate offsets, and tradable development rights and quotas.
Biodiversity Focal Area Set-Aside

84. Countries will be able to access the focal area set-aside funds (FAS) to implement
enabling activities. Enabling activity support could be provided for all GEF-eligible
countries to produce their 6th National Report to the CBD as well as national reporting
obligations under the Cartagena Protocol and Nagoya Protocol that will be identified
during upcoming COP-MOPs and that will come due during the GEF-6 period.

21
 85. The remaining funds in FAS will be used for a variety of priorities. The first is to
contribute to the Sustainable Forest Management program and to the following integrated
approaches to be piloted in GEF-6: Taking Deforestation out of Commodity Supply
Chains, and Fostering Sustainability and Resilience for Food Security in Africa. The FAS
will also complement biodiversity investments at the national level through participation
in global, regional or multi-country projects that meet some or all of the following
criteria:
(a) support priorities identified by the COP of the CBD and in particular the Strategic
Plan for Biodiversity 2011-2020 and the Aichi Targets;
(b) relevant to the objectives and programs of the GEF-6 biodiversity strategy;
(c) high likelihood that the project will have a broad and positive impact on
biodiversity;
(d) potential for replication;
(e) global demonstration value;
(f) potential to catalyze private sector investment in biodiversity conservation and
sustainable use; and
(g) contribute to global conservation knowledge through formal experimental or
quasi-experimental designs that test and evaluate the hypotheses embedded in
project interventions.
BIODIVERSITY RESOURCE ENVELOPE

86. The biodiversity strategy is based on a resource envelope of $1.296 billion that will be
used to support implementation of the biodiversity strategy and provide contributions to
the GEF-6 pilots on integrated approaches. Details are presented in Table 1 below.

22
BD Table 1 - Focal Area Objectives and Indicative Allocations per Program

Allocation
Focal Area Objective Focal Area Programs
($ million)
Objective One: Improve Program 1: Improving Financial Sustainability
sustainability of protected area and Effective Management of the National 125
systems Ecological Infrastructure
Program 2: Nature’s Last Stand: Expanding the
125
Reach of the Global Protected Area Estate
Objective Two: Reduce threats to Program 3: Preventing the Extinction of
80
globally significant biodiversity Known Threatened Species
Program 4: Prevention, Control and
50
Management of Invasive Alien Species
Program 5: Implementing the Cartagena
30
Protocol on Biosafety (CPB)
Objective Three: Sustainably use Program 6: Ridge to Reef+: Maintaining
biodiversity Integrity and Function of Coral Reef 100
Ecosystems
Program 7: Securing Agriculture’s Future:
Sustainable Use of Plant and Animal Genetic 75
Resources
Program 8: Implement the Nagoya Protocol on
50
ABS
Objective Four: Mainstream Program 9: Managing the Human-Biodiversity
biodiversity conservation and Interface
sustainable use into production 338
landscapes and seascapes and
sectors
Program 10: Integration of Biodiversity and
Ecosystem Services into Development & 78
Finance Planning
Focal Area Set-Aside
(Convention obligations, global
and regional programs, including
245
Integrated Approaches, and
Sustainable Forest Management
Program)
Total Biodiversity 1,296

23
 RESULTS FRAMEWORK

Goal:
(a) Maintain globally significant biodiversity and the ecosystem goods and services it
provides to society.

Impacts:22
(a) Biodiversity conserved and habitat maintained in national protected area systems.
(b) Conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity in production landscapes and
seascapes.

Indicators:
(a) Intact vegetative cover and degree of fragmentation in national protected area
systems measured in hectares as recorded by remote sensing.
(b) Intact vegetative cover and degree of fragmentation in production landscapes
measured in hectares as recorded by remote sensing.
(c) Coastal zone habitat (coral reef, mangroves, etc.) intact in marine protected areas
and productive seascapes measured in hectares as recorded by remote sensing
and, where possible, supported by visual or other verification methods.
Corporate Level Outcome Targets: 23
(a) 300 million hectares of landscapes and seascapes under improved biodiversity
management.
Gender Indicators:
(a) Focal Area projects will use and incorporate GEF Gender Indicators, which will
be monitored and aggregated at the Focal Area portfolio and Corporate levels. 24

22
Long term effects of the portfolio investment, target area for impacts would be 300 million hectares.
23
The achieved short-term effects of the portfolio’s outputs.
24
Refer to the core GEF Gender Indicators identified under the gender section of the Strategic Positioning Paper for
GEF-6 replenishment. The five Gender Indicators are:
1. Percentage of projects that have conducted gender analysis during project preparation.
2. Percentage of projects that have incorporated gender sensitive project results framework, including gender
sensitive actions, indicators, targets, and/or budget.
3. Share of women and men as direct beneficiaries of project.
4. Number of national/regional/global policies, legislations, plan, and strategies that incorporates gender dimensions
(e.g. NBSAP, NAPA, NAP, TDA/SAP, etc).
5. Percentage of Project Implementation Reports (PIR), Mid-term Evaluation (MTE) and Terminal Evaluation
Reports (TER) that incorporate gender equality and women's empowerment and assess results/progress.
Projects will use gender-sensitive indicators and sex-disaggregated data, and it will be systematically recorded,
reported and integrated into adaptive management responses at the project level. GEF will undertake periodic
reviews of the portfolio and highlight best practices in mainstreaming gender in projects, including through Annual
Monitoring Review and Learning Missions.

24
Focal Area Objectives Programs Expected Outcomes and Indicators
Objective 1: Program 1: Improving Outcome 1.1. Increased revenue for protected area
Improve sustainability of Financial Sustainability and systems and globally significant protected areas to meet
protected area systems Effective Management of total expenditures required for management.
the National Ecological
Infrastructure Indicator 1.1: Funding gap for management of protected
area systems and globally significant protected areas.

Outcome 1.2: Improved management effectiveness of

protected areas.

Indicator 1.2: Protected area management effectiveness score.

Program 2: Nature’s Last Outcome 2.1 Increase in area of terrestrial and marine
Stand: Expanding the Reach ecosystems of global significance in new protected areas
of the Global Protected Area and increase in threatened species of global significance
Estate protected in new protected areas.

Indicator 2.1 Area of terrestrial and marine ecosystems and

number of threatened species.

Outcome 2.2: Improved management effectiveness of

new protected areas.

Indicator 2.2: Protected area management effectiveness score.

Objective 2: Reduce Program 3: Preventing the Outcome 3.1: Reduction in rates of poaching of rhinos and
threats to globally Extinction of Known elephants and other threatened species and increase in arrests
significant biodiversity Threatened Species and convictions (baseline established per participating country)

Indicator 3.1: Rates of poaching incidents and arrests and

convictions.
Program 4: Prevention, Outcome 4.1 Improved management frameworks to
Control and Management of prevent, control, and manage invasive alien species (IAS).
Invasive Alien Species
Indicator 4.1: IAS management framework operational score.

Outcome 4.2 Species extinction avoided as a result of IAS

management (if applicable)

Indicator 4.2 Sustainable populations of critically threatened

species.
Program 5: Implementing Outcome 5.1 Adequate level of protection in the field of the
the Cartagena Protocol on safe transfer, handling and use of living modified organisms
Biosafety (CPB) resulting from modern biotechnology that may have adverse
effects on the conservation and sustainable use of biological
diversity, taking also into account risks to human health (both
women and men), and specifically focusing on transboundary
movements

Indicator 5.1: National biosafety decision-making systems

operational score.

25
Focal Area Objectives Programs Expected Outcomes and Indicators
Objective 3: Program 6: Ridge to Reef+: Outcome 6.1. Integrity and functioning of coral reef
Sustainably use Maintaining Integrity and ecosystems maintained and area increased.
biodiversity Function of Coral Reef
Ecosystems Indicator 6.1 Area of coral reef ecosystems that
maintain or increase integrity and function as
measured by number of coral species and abundance
both outside and inside MPAs.
Program 7: Securing Outcome 7.1 Increased genetic diversity of globally significant
Agriculture’s Future: cultivated plants and domesticated animals that are sustainably
Sustainable Use of Plant and used within production systems.
Animal Genetic Resources
Indicator 7. 1. Diversity status of target species.
Program 8: Implement the Outcome 8.1: Legal and regulatory frameworks, and
Nagoya Protocol on ABS administrative procedures established that enable access to
genetic resources and benefit sharing in accordance with the
provisions of the Nagoya Protocol

Indicator 8.1: National ABS frameworks operational score.

Objective 4: Program 9: Managing the Outcome 9.1 Increased area of production landscapes and
Mainstream Human-Biodiversity seascapes that integrate conservation and sustainable use of
biodiversity Interface biodiversity into management.
conservation and
Indicator 9.1 Production landscapes and seascapes that
sustainable use
integrate biodiversity conservation and sustainable use into
into production their management preferably demonstrated by meeting national
landscapes and or international third-party certification that incorporates
seascapes and biodiversity considerations (e.g. FSC, MSC) or supported by
production sectors other objective data.

Outcome 9.2 Sector policies and regulatory frameworks

incorporate biodiversity considerations.

Indicator 9.2 The degree to which sector policies and

regulatory frameworks incorporate biodiversity considerations
and implement the regulations.
Program 10: Integration of Outcome 10.1 Biodiversity values and ecosystem service
Biodiversity and Ecosystem values integrated into accounting systems and internalized in
Services into Development development and finance policy and land-use planning and
& Finance Planning decision-making.

Indicator 10. 1 The degree to which biodiversity values and

ecosystem service values are internalized in development,
finance policy and land-use planning and decision making.

26
ANNEX I. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN STRATEGIC PLAN FOR BIODIVERSITY 2011-2020 AND GEF
BIODIVERSITY OBJECTIVES AND PROGRAMS

Relationship between Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011-2020 and GEF Biodiversity Objectives and
Programs
25
Strategic Plan Goals and Associated GEF Biodiversity Objectives and Other Aichi Targets Impacted
Aichi Targets Program Alignment
Goal A. Address underlying causes GEF Objective 4: Mainstream
biodiversity
1) Raise awareness of biodiversity BD Programs 1-10 (integration into All targets
values project design and implementation as
appropriate and useful)
2) Integrate biodiversity and BD Programs 9 and 10 All targets
development
3) Address incentives harmful to BD Program 10 1,2,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12
biodiversity
4) Sustainable production and BD Program 9 1,2,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,1314,15
consumption
Goal B. Reduce direct pressures GEF Objective 1: Improve Sustainability
of Protected Area Systems
GEF Objective 2: Reduce threats to
biodiversity
GEF Objective 3: Sustainably Use
Biodiversity
GEF Objective 4: Mainstream
biodiversity
5) Halve rate of habitat loss BD Programs 1, 2, 9 6,7,8,11,12,13,14,15,16

6) Achieving sustainable fisheries BD Program 2 and 6 4,5,7,8,10,11,12,14

7) Sustainable agriculture, BD Program 7 and 9 4,5,6,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,

aquaculture, forestry 16,18
8) Reduce pollution to safe levels 4,5,6,7,10,11,12,14,15

9) Achieve effective IAS management BD Program 4 5,6,7,9,10,11,12,13,14 , 15

10) Minimize pressures on reefs and BD Program 2 and 6 6,12,13

other vulnerable ecosystems

25
Report of the High Level Panel on Global Assessment of Resources for Implementing the Strategic Plan for
Biodiversity 2011-2020, UNEP/CBD/COP/11/14/Add2*

27
Relationship between Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011-2020 and GEF Biodiversity Objectives and
Programs
25
Strategic Plan Goals and Associated GEF Biodiversity Objectives and Other Aichi Targets Impacted
Aichi Targets Program Alignment
Goal C. Enhance state of biodiversity GEF Objective 1: Improve Sustainability
of Protected Area Systems
GEF Objective 2: Reduce threats to
biodiversity
GEF Objective 3: Sustainably Use
Biodiversity
GEF Objective 4: Mainstream
biodiversity
11) Expansion of Protected Area BD Programs 1,2,7, and 9 1,2,5,6,7,8,10,12,14,15
Networks and Effective Management
12) Prevent extinctions and improve BD Programs 1, 2, 3,4, 5, and 9 5,11, 13
status of threatened species
13) Maintain gene pool of plant and BD Programs 1 and 7 2,7,12
animal genetic resources

Goal D. Enhance benefits of GEF Objectives 1,2,3, and 4

ecosystem services
14) Restore and safeguard essential BD Programs 2 and 9 5,10,11,12,13
ecosystem services
15) Enhance ecosystem resilience and BD Programs 1, 2, 9 and 10 5,11,12,13
carbon stocks
16) Achieve entry into force of ABS BD Program 8 1,2,4,5, 10, 11, 12, 13, 18, 19
Protocol

Goal E: Enhance implementation Integrated throughout GEF Programming

17) Implementation of revised NBSAP development funded during All targets
NBSAPs GEF-5. Implementation supported by all
GEF-6 BD programs.
18) Traditional knowledge Integrated into project design and 7,13,14,15,16,19
implementation as appropriate in all
GEF-6 BD programs.
19) Knowledge-base and science Integrated into project design and All targets
applied implementation as appropriate in all
GEF-6 BD programs.
20) Resource mobilization GEF will identify, make use of, and All targets
report on all financing leveraged through
GEF BD programs and integrated
approaches piloted in GEF-6.

28
29
 ANNEX II. CONTRIBUTIONS TO ACHIEVING THE STRATEGIC PLAN FOR BIODIVERSITY 2011-
2020 BY THE GEF INTEGRATED APPROACHES AND OTHER GEF FOCAL AREAS

Contributions to Achieving the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011-2020 by the GEF Integrated Approaches
and other GEF Focal Areas
Strategic Plan Goals and Aichi GEF Integrated Approaches and Other Aichi Targets Impacted
Targets Focal Area Alignment
Goal A. Address underlying causes
1) Integrate biodiversity and Amazon SFM Program 5, 10, 12, 14, 15
development
2) Address incentives harmful to Commodities Integrated Approach 1,2,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12
biodiversity
3) Sustainable production and Commodities Integrated Approach 1,2,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15
consumption
Goal B. Reduce direct pressures
5) Halve rate of habitat loss Commodities Integrated Approach 6,7,8,11,12,13,14,15,16

Sustainable Forest Management

Program
6) Achieving sustainable fisheries International Waters Focal Area 4,5,7,8,10,11,12,14

7) Sustainable agriculture, Food Security Integrated Approach 4,5,6,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16, 18

aquaculture, forestry
Sustainable Forest Management
Program

Amazon SFM Program

8) Reduce pollution to safe levels Chemicals, International Waters, and 4,5,6,7,10,11,12,14,15
Land Degradation Focal Area
10) Minimize pressures on reefs and International Waters Focal Area 6,12 and 13
other vulnerable ecosystems
Goal C. Enhance state of biodiversity
11) Expansion of Protected Area Amazon SFM Program 1,2,5,6,7,8,10,12,14,15
Networks and Effective Management
12) Prevent extinctions and improve Amazon SFM Program 5,11, 13
status of threatened species
Goal D. Enhance benefits of
ecosystem services
14) Restore and safeguard essential Sustainable Forest Management 5,10,11,12,13
ecosystem services Program

Amazon SFM Program

Commodities Integrated Approach

15) Enhance ecosystem resilience and Sustainable Forest Management 5,11,12,13
carbon stocks Program

Amazon SFM Program

Commodities Integrated Approach

30
Contributions to Achieving the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011-2020 by the GEF Integrated Approaches
and other GEF Focal Areas
Strategic Plan Goals and Aichi GEF Integrated Approaches and Other Aichi Targets Impacted
Targets Focal Area Alignment
Goal E: Enhance implementation
17) Implementation of revised Forest-related implementation support All targets
NBSAPs by the SFM program.
18) Traditional knowledge Integrated into project design and Targets 7,13,14,15,16,19
implementation as appropriate in the
SFM program.
19) Knowledge-base and science Sustainable Forest Management All targets
applied Program
20) Resource mobilization GEF will identify, make use of, and All targets
report on all financing leveraged
through GEF SFM program and
integrated approaches

31
 ANNEX III. SUMMARY OF GEF CRITERIA FOR DEFINING GLOBALLY SIGNIFICANT SITES FOR BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION26

Criterion Sub-criteria Provisional Thresholds for GEF

Support
Vulnerability Not applicable Critically Endangered (CR) and
Endangered (EN) Species
Regular occurrence of a
globally threatened Vulnerable Species (VU)
species (according to the IUCN
Red List) at the site

Irreplaceability Restricted-range species Species with a global range less

than50,000 square kilometers
Site holds X% of a species' global
population at any stage of the species' 5% of global population at site
lifecycle Species with large but clumped 5% of global population at site
distributions
Globally significant congregations 1% of global population seasonally at
site
Globally significant source Site is responsible for maintaining
populations 1% of global population
Bio-regionally restricted assemblages To be defined

26
The global standards for identification of key biodiversity areas are currently under revision through a broad scientific consultation process convened by
IUCN’s World Commission on Protected Areas/Species Survival Commission Joint Taskforce on Biodiversity & Protected Areas. These will be launched at the
2014 World Parks Congress. In the interim, the criteria and thresholds for key biodiversity area identification as presented above will be applied. It is likely that
the great majority of sites meeting these criteria will also be considered key biodiversity areas under the new standard.

32
 ANNEX IV. LARGE SCALE IVORY SEIZURES, 2009-2011

The map appeared in the New York Times, September 13, 2012. Sources of information: Elephant Status Report, Convention on International Trade of
Endangered Species (CITES) and Elephant Trade Information Systems (ETIS).

33
 ANNEX V. REGIONAL COVERAGE AND THREAT STATUS OF CORAL REEF ECOSYSTEMS

% of
Region % of world coral reef Coral Reef Major threats
threatened
Caribbean Region 10% 75% Disease, Overfishing,
High level of endemism Tourism, Land-based
pollution, Shipping
Indian Ocean 13% 65% Overfishing ,Tourism,
Land based pollution
Pacific (including Eastern 25% 50% Overfishing, Tourism,
part of the Coral Triangle) Land-based pollution
Middle East 6% 70% Shipping, Marine based
High level of endemism pollution, Tourism industry

South East Asia 28% 95% Overfishing, Unregulated

(including Western half of Most extensive and diverse aquaculture, Land based
the Coral Triangle) coral reef of the world pollution

34
 ANNEX VI. GLOBAL PRIORITIES FOR GENETIC RESERVE LOCATIONS27

27
Second State of the World’s Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture. 2009 FAO, Rome.

35
ANNEX VII. LINKAGES BETWEEN ECOSYSTEM SERVICES AND HUMAN WELL-BEING

36
37
ANNEX 2: FULL-SIZED PROJECTS APPROVED UNDER BIODIVERSITY FOCAL AREA (AMOUNTS IN US$)28

Country Agency GEF 5 Title GEF Total Cofinance Total Project

Objective Cost

Argentina FAO BD-1 Governance Strengthening for the Management and 3,534,786 17,813,206 21,347,992
BD-2 Protection of Coastal- Marine Biodiversity in Key
Ecological Areas and the Implementation of the
Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries (EAF)
Argentina UNDP BD-2 Mainstreaming Sustainable Use of Biodiversity in 4,620,000 21,687,400 26,307,400
Production Practices of Small Producers to Protect
the Biodiversity of High Value Conservation Forests
in the Atlantic Forest, Yungas and Chaco
Brazil UNDP BD-2 Mainstreaming Biodiversity Conservation and 5,570,776 27,800,000 33,370,776
Sustainable Use into NTFP and AFS Production
Practices in Multiple-Use Forest Landscapes of High
Conservation Value
Brazil IADB BD-4 Capacity Building and Institutional Strengthening on 4,401,931 4,401,931 8,803,862
the National Framework for Access and Benefit
Sharing under the Nagoya Protocol
Cameroon UNEP BD-2 Participative Integrated Ecosystem Services 2,739,726 10,500,000 13,239,726
Management Plans for Bakassi Post Conflict
Ecosystems PINESMAP BPCE
Cabo Verde UNDP BD-1 Mainstreaming Biodiversity Conservation into the 3,664,640 15,521,542 19,186,182
BD-2 Tourism Sector in Synergy with a Further

28
All figures in the tables include PPGs but not Agency fees.

38
Country Agency GEF 5 Title GEF Total Cofinance Total Project
Objective Cost

Strengthened Protected Areas System in Cape Verde

Chile FAO BD-2 Strengthening and Development of Instruments for 2,153,882 9,070,000 11,223,882
the Management, Prevention and Control of Beaver
(Castor Canadensis), an Invasive Alien Species in
the Chilean Patagonia

Chile FAO BD-2 Mainstreaming the Conservation, Sustainable Use 2,411,416 8,811,707 11,223,123
and Valuation of Critically Threatened Species and
Endangered Ecosystems into Development-frontier
Production Landscapes of the Arica y Parinacota,
and Biobio Regions
China UNEP BD-1 Expansion and Improvement of Biodiversity 2,739,726 15,000,000 17,739,726
BD-2 Conservation and Sustainable Use of Natural
Resources in the Greater Shennongjia Area, Hubei
Province
China UNDP BD-4 Developing and Implementing the National 4,436,210 22,236,000 26,672,210
Framework on Access and Benefit Sharing of
Genetic Resources and Associated Traditional
Knowledge
China FAO BD-2 A New Green Line: Mainstreaming Biodiversity 2,639,726 25,975,000 28,614,726
Conservation Objectives and Practices into China’s
Water Resources Management Policy and Planning
Practice
Colombia IADB BD-1 Sustainable Management and Conservation of 6,543,636 25,000,000 31,543,636
BD-2 Biodiversity in the Magdalena River Basin
Colombia FAO BD-1 Implementing the Socio-Ecosystem Connectivity 6,052,114 20,370,350 26,422,464
BD-2 Approach to Conserve and Sustainable Use
Biodiversity in the Caribbean Region of Colombia
Colombia IADB BD-1 Consolidation of the National System of Protected 4,157,000 15,650,000 19,807,000

39
Country Agency GEF 5 Title GEF Total Cofinance Total Project
Objective Cost

Areas (SINAP) at National and Regional Levels.

Comoros UNDP BD-1 Development of a National Network of Terrestrial 4,345,440 19,985,000 24,330,440
and Marine Protected Areas Representative of the
Comoros Unique Natural Heritage and Co-managed
With Local Village Communities

Congo UNEP BD-1 Creation of Conkouati Dimonika PA Complex and 2,889,434 15,000,000 17,889,434
BD-2 Development of Community Private Sector
Participation Model to Enhance PA Management
Effectiveness CDC&CPSPM
Congo DR World BD-1 Democratic Republic of Congo Conservation Trust 11,636,363 49,500,000 61,136,363
Bank Fund (AF for National Parks Network Rehabilitation
Project)
Dominican UNDP BD-2 Conserving Biodiversity in Coastal Areas 2,915,930 13,684,525 16,600,455
Republic Threatened by Rapid Tourism and Physical
Infrastructure Development
Ecuador UNDP BD-1 Conservation of Ecuadorian Amphibian Diversity 2,726,908 11,546,000 14,272,908
BD-4 and Sustainable Use of its Genetic Resources
Egypt UNDP BD-1 Mainstreaming the Conservation and Sustainable 2,634,338 10,440,000 13,074,338
BD-2 Use of Biodiversity into Tourism Development and
Operations in Threatened Ecosystems in Egypt
El Salvador UNDP BD-1 Conservation, Sustainable Use of Biodiversity, and 2,191,781 8,791,000 10,982,781
Maintenance of Ecosystem Services in Protected
Wetlands of International Importance
Ethiopia UNDP BD-2 Mainstreaming Incentives for Biodiversity 3,316,455 16,000,000 19,316,455
Conservation in the Climate Resilient Green
Economy Strategy (CRGE)
Global UNEP BD-3 UNEP-GEF Project for Sustainable Capacity 4,699,684 9,725,680 14,425,364
Building for Effective Participation in the Biosafety

40
Country Agency GEF 5 Title GEF Total Cofinance Total Project
Objective Cost

Clearing House (BCH)

Global UNDP BD-4 Strengthening Human Resources, Legal Frameworks 12,000,000 12,000,000 24,000,000
and Institutional Capacities to Implement the
Nagoya Protocol
Global UNEP BD-2 Mainstreaming Biodiversity Information into the 5,000,000 15,000,000 20,000,000
Heart of Government Decision Making
Global CI BD-1 Effectively Mainstreaming Biodiversity 9,800,000 84,500,000 94,300,000
BD-2 Conservation into Government Policy and Private
Sector Practice Piloting Sustainability Models to
Take the Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund
(CEPF) to Scale
Guinea- UNDP BD-1 Strengthening the Financial and Operational 2,374,429 11,610,000 13,984,429
Bissau Framework of the National PA System in Guinea-
Bissau
India UNEP BD-1 Integrated Management of Wetland Biodiversity and 4,246,575 20,217,000 24,463,575
BD-2 Ecosystem Services for Water and Food Security

India UNEP BD-2 Mainstreaming Agrobiodiversity Conservation and 3,196,347 8,604,750 11,801,097
Utilization in Agricultural Sector to Ensure
Ecosystem Services and Reduce Vulnerability

Indonesia ADB BD-1 CTI: Coral Reef Rehabilitation and Management 8,200,000 56,000,000 64,200,000
BD-2 Program-Coral Triangle Initiative, Phase III
(COREMAP-CTI III)
Indonesia FAO BD-2 Mainstreaming Biodiversity Conservation and 6,192,694 31,106,000 37,298,694
Sustainable Use into Inland Fisheries Practices in
Freshwater Ecosystems of High Conservation Value
Macedonia UNEP BD-1 Achieving Biodiversity Conservation through 3,360,731 14,720,000 18,080,731
BD-2 Creation and Effective Management of Protected
Areas and Mainstreaming Biodiversity into Land
41
Country Agency GEF 5 Title GEF Total Cofinance Total Project
Objective Cost

Use Planning
Madagascar UNEP BD-1 Strengthening the Network of New Protected Areas 3,905,265 12,200,000 16,105,265
Madagascar UNDP BD-2 A Landscape Approach to Conserving and 5,650,000 26,050,000 31,700,000
Managing Threatened Biodiversity in Madagascar
with a Focus on the Atsimo-Andrefana Spiny and
Dry Forest Landscape
Madagascar UNEP BD-1 Conservation of Key Threatened Endemic and 5,329,452 14,010,103 19,339,555
BD-2 Economically Valuable Species in Madagascar

Mexico UNDP BD-1 Strengthening Management of the PA System to 5,625,043 30,700,000 36,325,043
Better Conserve Endangered Species and their
Habitats
Mexico UNDP BD-4 Strengthening of National Capacities for the 2,283,105 8,429,862 10,712,967
Implementation of the Nagoya Protocol on Access
to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable
Sharing of Benefits Arising from their Utilization to
the Convention on Biological Diversity

Myanmar UNDP BD-1 Strengthening Sustainability of Protected Area 6,127,854 17,896,300 24,024,154
Management

Panama World BD-1 Sustainable Production Systems and Conservation of 9,589,000 27,380,000 36,969,000
Bank BD-2 Biodiversity
Philippines FAO BD-2 RicePlus-Dynamic Conservation and Sustainable 2,182,631 9,200,000 11,382,631
Use of Agro-biodiversity in Rice-based Farming
Systems
Regional UNEP BD-3 Multi-Country Project to Strengthen Institutional 3,860,000 6,546,500 10,406,500
Capacity on LMO Testing in Support of National
Decision-making (Angola, Lesotho, Madagascar,
Malawi, Mozambique, Congo DR)

42
Country Agency GEF 5 Title GEF Total Cofinance Total Project
Objective Cost

Russian WWF- BD-1 Conservation of Big Cats 12,707,550 60,000,000 72,707,550

Federation US BD-2
Seychelles UNDP BD-1 Seychelles' Protected Areas Finance Project 2,776,900 12,050,000 14,826,900
South Africa UNDP BD-2 Mainstreaming Biodiversity into Land Use 8,277,730 41,957,000 50,234,730
Regulation and Management at the Municipal Scale
Sri Lanka UNDP BD-2 Enhancing Biodiversity Conservation and 2,626,690 11,500,000 14,126,690
Sustenance of Ecosystem Services in
Environmentally Sensitive Areas
Sri Lanka FAO BD-3 Implementation of the National Biosafety 2,365,964 2,366,000 4,731,964
Framework in Accordance with the Cartagena
Protocol on Biosafety (CPB)
St. Kitts UNDP BD-1 Conserving Biodiversity and Reducing Habitat 3,436,355 14,199,101 17,635,456
And Nevis Degradation in Protected Areas and their Buffer
Zones
Swaziland UNDP BD-1 Strengthening the National Protected Areas System 5,540,000 25,000,000 30,540,000
of Swaziland
Tanzania UNDP BD-1 Enhancing the Forest Nature Reserves Network for 4,230,000 17,500,000 21,730,000
Biodiversity Conservation in Tanzania
Turkey FAO BD-1 Conservation and Sustainable Management of 2,420,091 8,730,000 11,150,091
BD-2 Turkey's Steppe Ecosystems
TOTALS 236,326,308 993,981,957 1,108,052,327

43
ANNEX 3: MEDIUM-SIZED PROJECTS APPROVED UNDER BIODIVERSITY FOCAL AREA (amounts in US$)

Country Agency GEF 5 Title GEF Co-finance Total

Objective Project Project
Grant Cost
Algeria UNDP BD-4 Framework on Access to Genetic Resources and Related 1,940,000 4,180,000 6,120,000
Benefit Sharing and Traditional Knowledge in Line with
the CBD and Its Nagoya Protocol in Algeria
Armenia UNEP BD-2 Enhancing Livelihoods in Rural Communities through 883,242 3,740,000 4,623,242
Mainstreaming and Strengthening Agricultural
Biodiversity Conservation and Utilization
Bahamas UNEP BD-4 Strengthening Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS) 1,900,000 1,649,649 3,549,649
Cameroon UNEP BD-1 BD-2 Sustainable Farming and Critical Habitat Conservation to 1,789,954 7,000,000 8,789,954
Achieve Biodiversity Mainstreaming and Protected Areas
Management Effectiveness in Western Cameroon
SUFACHAC
Cameroon UNDP BD-4 A Bottom Up Approach to ABS: Community Level 500,000 1,100,000 2,040,000
Capacity Development for Successful Engagement in (with
ABS Value Chains in Cameroon (Echinops giganteus) 440,000
from NPIF)
China UNDP BD-2 Payment for Watershed Services in the Chishui River 2,009,133 16,000,000 18,009,133
Basin for the Conservation of Globally Significant
Biodiversity
Congo UNEP BD-1 Creation of Loungo Bay Marine Protected Area to 767,124 2,600,000 3,367,124
Support Turtles Conservation in Congo
Dominica UNDP BD-1 BD-2 Supporting Sustainable Ecosystems by Strengthening the 1,707,306 9,170,000 10,877,306
Effectiveness of Dominica’s Protected Areas System
Gambia UNDP BD-1 BD-2 Gambia Protected Areas Network and Community 1,324,310 4,820,000 6,144,310
Livelihood Project
Global World BD-1 Fighting Against Wildlife Poaching and Illegal Trade in 2,000,000 1,800,000 3,800,000

44
Country Agency GEF 5 Title GEF Co-finance Total
Objective Project Project
Grant Cost
Bank Africa The Case of African Elephants
Global UNDP/U BD-5 Support to GEF Eligible Countries for Achieving Aichi 1,700,000 2,000,000 3,700,000
NEP Biodiversity Target 17 Through a Globally Guided
NBSAPs Update Process

Global UNDP BD-1 Parks, People, Planet: Protected Areas as Solutions to 1,826,484 4,500,000 6,326,484
Global Challenges
Global UNEP BD-1 BD-2 Alliance for Zero Extiction (AZE): Conserving Earth's 2,000,000 4,400,000 6,400,000
Most Irreplaceable Sites for Endangered Biodiversity
Global CI BD-2 Mainstreaming Biodiversity Conservation and 1,909,000 5,800,000 7,709,000
Sustainable Management in Priority Socio Ecological
Production Landscapes and Seascapes
Global WWF- BD-1 Protected Areas Planning in the Era of Climate Change 1,804,862 2,467,000 4,271,862
US (PAPEC)
Global UNDP BD-1 Rhino Impact Bonds An Innovative Financing 1,721,500 5,164,500 6,886,000
Mechanism for Site-Based Rhinoceros Conservation
Global UNEP BD-2 Supply Change: Securing Food, Sustaining Forests 2,000,000 2,725,000 4,725,000
Global UNEP BD-1 Knowledge for Action: Promoting Innovation Among 913,240 2,522,800 3,436,040
Environmental Funds
Global UNDP BD-1 BD-2 Transboundary Cooperation for Snow Leopard and 1,070,000 4,500,000 5,570,000
Ecosystem Conservation
Guyana UNDP BD-2 Enhancing Biodiversity Protection through Strengthened 803,653 3,538,617 4,342,270
Monitoring, Enforcement and Uptake of Environmental
Regulations in Guyana's Gold Mining Sector
Iraq UNEP BD-1 Initial Steps for the Establishment of the National 1,230,365 3,450,000 4,680,365
Protected Areas Network
Liberia CI BD-1 BD-2 Improve Sustainability of Mangrove Forests and Coastal 963,994 3,500,000 4,463,994
Mangrove Areas in Liberia through Protection, Planning
and Livelihood Creation- as a Building Block Towards
Liberia’s Marine and Costal Protected Areas
Malaysia UNDP BD-4 Developing and Implementing a National Access and 1,970,000 5,833,000 7,803,000
Benefit Sharing Framework

45
Country Agency GEF 5 Title GEF Co-finance Total
Objective Project Project
Grant Cost
Malaysia UNDP BD-2 Mainstreaming of Biodiversity Conservation into River 1,464,000 7,530,000 8,994,000
Management
Mauritania UNEP BD-3 Stocktaking and Update of National Biosafety 878,000 930,000 1,808,000
Framework of Mauritania

Moldova UNDP BD-2 Mainstreaming Biodiversity Conservation into Territorial 958,904 4,850,000 5,808,904
Planning Policies and Land-Use Practices
Morocco UNDP BD-4 Developing a National Framework on Access to and 812,785 1,400,000 2,212,785
Benefit-Sharing of Genetic Resources and Traditional
Knowledge as a Strategy to Contribute to the
Conservation and Sustainable Use of Biodiversity in
Morocco
Philippines UNDP BD-1 Strengthening National Systems to Improve Governance 1,826,484 5,016,540 6,843,024
and Management of Indigenous Peoples and Local
Communities Conserved Areas and Territories
Regional UNEP BD-5 Advancing the Nagoya Protocol in countries of the 1,826,000 1,850,000 3,676,000
Caribbean Region.
Regional UNDP BD-4 A Bottom Up Approach to ABS Community Level 972,727 1,100,000 2,072,727
Capacity Development for Successful Engagement in
ABS Value Chains in Cameroon Echinops giganteus and
Namibia Commiphora wildii
Regional UNEP BD-2 Engaging Policy Makers and the Judiciary to Address 2,000,000 4,000,000 6,000,000
Poaching and Illegal Wildlife Trade in Africa
Senegal AfDB BD-1 BD-2 Project for the Restoration and Strengthening the 1,315,525 22,090,000 23,405,525
Resilience of the Lake de Guiers Wetland Ecosystems
(PRRELAG)
Thailand UNDP BD-2 Conserving Habitats for Globally Important Flora and 1,758,904 9,140,000 10,898,904
Fauna in Production Landscapes
Thailand UNDP BD-2 Sustainable Management Models for Local Government 1,826,484 7,530,000 9,356,484
Organisations to Enhance Biodiversity Protection and
Utilization in Selected Eco-regions of Thailand
Uzbekistan UNEP BD-2 BD-4 Conservation and Sustainable Use of Agricultural 1,235,845 4,150,000 5,385,845

46
Country Agency GEF 5 Title GEF Co-finance Total
Objective Project Project
Grant Cost
Biodiversity to Improve Regulating and Supporting
Ecosystem Services in Agriculture Production
Venezuela UNEP BD-3 Implementation of the National Biosafety Framework in 1,860,000 6,672,000 8,532,000
Venezuela in Accordance to the Cartagena Protocol on
Biosafety
Vietnam UNDP BD-4 Capacity Building for the Ratification and 2,000,000 7,690,000 9,690,000
Implementation of the Nagoya Protocol on Access and
Benefit Sharing
TOTAL 57,909,825 191,689,106 249,598,931

47
 ANNEX 4: MULTI-FOCAL AREA FULL-SIZED PROJECTS WITH BIODIVERSITY FUNDING APPROVED (amounts in
US$)

Country GEF5 Project BD Chemicals CC IW LD SFM GEF Grant Cofinance Total

Objective Total Project
Cost

Antigua & BD-1 Sustainable Pathways 1,369,863 730,594 639,269 2,739,726 5,360,000 8,099,726
Barbuda Protected Areas and
Renewable Energy
Armenia BD-2 Mainstreaming Sustainable 456,621 273,973 1,570,776 767,123 3,068,493 13,950,000 17,018,493
Land and Forest Management
in Dry Mountain Landscapes
Bahamas BD-1 Pine Islands Forest/Mangrove 1,107,533 1,107,535 738,357 2,953,425 5,600,000 8,553,425
BD-2 Innovation and Integration
(Grand Bahama, New
Providence, Abaco and
Andros)
Bolivia BD-2 Sustainable Management of 3,764,940 891,697 1,615,283 6,208,848 26,375,246 32,584,094
Forest Ecosystems in
Amazonia by Indigenous and
Local Communities to
Generate Multiple
Environmental and Social
Benefits
Brazil BD-2 Reversing Desertification 1,535,379 1,661,301 863,475 4,060,155 15,966,800 20,026,955
Process in Susceptible Areas of
Brazil: Sustainable
Agroforestry Practices and
Biodiversity Conservation
Cambodia BD-1 Strengthening National 3,500,000 454,546 863,636 4,818,182 14,154,546 18,972,728
BD-2 Biodiversity and Forest Carbon
Stock Conservation through
Landscape based Collaborative

48
Country GEF5 Project BD Chemicals CC IW LD SFM GEF Grant Cofinance Total
Objective Total Project
Cost

Management of Cambodia’s
Protected Area System as
Demonstrated in the
Mondulkiri Conservation
Landscape (CAMPAS Project)
Chile BD-2 Integrated National Monitoring 1,120,096 3,690,167 1,603,421 6,413,684 25,248,346 31,662,030
and Assessment System on
Forest Ecosystems (SIMEF) in
Support of Policies,
Regulations and SFM Practices
Incorporating REDD+ and
Biodiversity Conservation in
Forest Ecosystems
Chile BD-2 Protecting Biodiversity and 2,739,726 1,615,675 1,451,800 5,807,201 19,350,000 25,157,201
Multiple Ecosystem Services in
Biological Mountain Corridors
in Chile’s Mediterranean
Ecosystem
China BD-2 Sustainable Forest 913,241 4,566,455 1,826,232 7,305,928 48,400,000 55,705,928
Management to Enhance the
Resilience of Forests to
Climate Change
Colombia BD-1 Forest Conservation and 3,800,000 4,000,000 2,600,000 10,400,000 30,000,000 40,400,000
BD-2 Sustainability in the Heart of
the Colombian Amazon
Cook BD-1 R2R: Conserving Biodiversity 1,963,303 1,834,862 160,551 458,715 4,417,431 14,293,673 18,711,104
Islands BD-2 and Enhancing Ecosystem
Functions through a “Ridge to
Reef” Approach
Fiji BD-1 R2R: Implementing a “Ridge 3,633,028 1,834,862 160,550 541,284 1,467,890 7,637,614 30,221,812 37,859,426
BD-2 to Reef” Approach to Preserve
Ecosystem Services, Sequester
Carbon, Improve Climate
Resilience and Sustain
Livelihoods

49
Country GEF5 Project BD Chemicals CC IW LD SFM GEF Grant Cofinance Total
Objective Total Project
Cost

Gabon BD-1 Sustainable Management of 4,623,000 1,130,000 1,918,000 7,671,,000 33,740,000 41,411,000
BD-4 Critical Wetlands Ecosystems
Project

Global BD-2 Global Forest Watch 2.0 FW 1,849,315 1,369,863 890,411 1,369,863 5,479,452 68,300,000 73,779,452
2.0
Grenada BD-1 Implementing a “Ridge to 1,363,636 1,026,364 741,666 3,131,666 15,426,822 18,558,488
Reef” Approach to Protecting
Biodiversity and Ecosystem
Functions within and Around
Protected Areas
Global BD-1 GEF SGP Fifth Operational 17,370,922 6,451,727 16,899,408 6,451,726 10,709,866 72,851,267 75,766,000 148,617,267
BD-2 Phase - Implementing the
Program Using STAR
Resources II
Global BD-1 GEF SGP Fifth Operational 549,138 765,424 2,678,984 492,482 1,174,551 6,965,151 7,250,000 14,215,151
BD-2 Phase - Implementing the
Program Using STAR
Resources III
Haiti BD-1 Increasing Resilience of 3,835,616 5,479,452 9,315,068 43,000,000 52,315,068
Ecosystems and Vulnerable
Communities to CC and
Anthropic Threats Through a
Ridge to Reef Approach to BD
Conservation and Watershed
Management
Haiti BD-1 Ecosystem Approach to Haiti 327,554 5,069,169 268,527 750,750 6,416,000 21,050,000 27,466,000
Cote Sud
Indonesia BD-2 Strengthening Forest and 6,393,197 1,370,000 1,858,566 9,621,763 37,777,052 47,398,815
Ecosystem Connectivity in
RIMBA Landscape of Central
Sumatra through Investing in
Natural Capital, Biodiversity
Conservation, and Land-based

50
Country GEF5 Project BD Chemicals CC IW LD SFM GEF Grant Cofinance Total
Objective Total Project
Cost

Emission Reductions (RIMBA)

Kenya BD-2 Development of SFM and 1,241,910 718,358 2,873,439 11,108,000 13,981,439
Support to REDD for Dryland 913,171
Forests
Kenya BD-2 Scaling up Sustainable Land 1,031,400 2,132,400 500,000 3,663,800 7,200,000 10,863,800
Management and
Agrobiodiversity Conservation
to Reduce Environmental
Degradation in Small Scale
Agriculture in Western Kenya
Kiribati BD-1 R2R Resilient Islands, 1,706,460 159,250 1,826,350 1,177,970 4,870,030 12,250,000 17,120,030
Resilient Communities
Mauritius BD-1 Mainstreaming Biodiversity 4,018,265 776,256 4,794,521 20,400,000 25,194,521
BD-2 into the Management of the
Coastal Zone in the Republic
of Mauritius
Micronesia BD-1 R2R Implementing an 2,734,311 587,156 160,550 1,357,798 4,839,815 17,861,500 22,701,315
Integrated Ridge to Reef
Approach to Enhance
Ecosystem Services, to
Conserve Globally Important
Biodiversity and to Sustain
Local Livelihoods in the FSM
Mozambiqu BD-1 Mozambique Conservation 3,196,347 1,543,379 1,579,909 6,319,635 94,800,000 101,119,635
e Areas for Biodiversity and
Development Project
Mozambiqu BD-2 Payment for Ecosystem 1,945,206 776,256 916,286 3,637,748 11,503,840 15,141,588
e Services to Support Forest
Conservation and Sustainable
Livelihoods
Nauru BD-2 R2R: Implementing a “Ridge 1,376,147 733,945 160,550 458,716 2,729,358 6,353,000 9,082,358
to Reef” Approach to
Protecting Biodiversity and
Ecosystem Functions in Nauru
(R2R Nauru)

51
Country GEF5 Project BD Chemicals CC IW LD SFM GEF Grant Cofinance Total
Objective Total Project
Cost

Nicaragua BD-1 Strengthening the Resilience of 1,925,873 1,970,163 779,763 1,596,713 6,272,512 20,149,000 26,421,512
Multiple-use Protected Areas
to Deliver Multiple Global
Environmental Benefits
Niue BD-1 R2R Application of Ridge to 1,376,147 1,834,862 160,550 932,192 4,303,751 12,430,000 16,733,751
BD-2 Reef Concept for Biodiversity
Conservation, and for the
Enhancement of Ecosystem
Service and Cultural Heritage
Pakistan BD-2 Sustainable Forest 3,578,000 2,840,000 2,120,000 8,538,000 26,500,000 35,038,000
Management to Secure
Multiple Benefits in High
Conservation Value Forests
Palau BD-1 R2R: Advancing Sustainable 2,541,293 160,550 412,844 743,119 3,857,806 15,729,915 19,587,721
BD-2 Resources Management to
Improve Livelihoods and
Protect Biodiversity in Palau
Papua New BD-1 R2R Strengthening the 10,385,320 844,038 11,229,358 42,600,000 53,829,358
Guinea Management Effectiveness of
the National System of
Protected Areas
Peru BD-1 Transforming Management of 4,545,453 2,272,728 2,272,728 9,090,909 50,024,504 59,115,413
Protected Area/Landscape
Complexes to Strengthen
Ecosystem Resilience
Regional BD-1 R2R Pacific Islands Ridge-to- 2,596,331 14,816,514 482,352 623,853 18,519,050 333,046,794 351,565,844
BD-2 Reef National Priorities –
BD-5 Integrated Water, Land, Forest
and Coastal Management to
Preserve Biodiversity,
Ecosystem Services, Store
Carbon, Improve Climate
Resilience and Sustain
Livelihoods
Regional BD-2 Adaptation to the Impact of 1,266,484 8,630,137 9,896,621 21,100,000 30,996,621

52
Country GEF5 Project BD Chemicals CC IW LD SFM GEF Grant Cofinance Total
Objective Total Project
Cost

Climate Change in Water

Resources for the Andean
Region

Solomon BD-1 Integrated Forest Management 2,286,863 1,097,695 1,006,221 1,463,023 5,853,802 19,000,000 24,853,802
Islands in the Solomon Islands
St. Lucia BD-1 Iyanola Natural Resource 1,409,091 181,818 272,727 630,909 2,494,545 8,914,483 11,409,028
BD-2 Management of the NE Coast
Thailand BD-1 Maximizing Carbon Sink 453,505 2,054,795 836,100 3,344,400 12,960,000 16,304,400
Capacity and Conserving
Biodiversity through
Sustainable Conservation,
Restoration, and Management
of Peat-swamp Ecosystems
Tonga BD-2 R2R Integrated Land and 174,715 1,660,147 610,092 2,444,954 5,400,000 7,844,954
Agroecosystem Management
Systems
Tunisia BD-2 Oases Ecosystems and 1,148,858 4,611,872 5,760,730 59,048,000 64,808,730
Livelihoods Project

Tuvalu BD-1 R2R Implementing a Ridge to 1,376,147 1,834,862 160,551 541,284 3,912,844 10,225,000 14,137,844
BD-2 Reef Approach to Protect
Biodiversity and Ecosystem
Functions
Vanuatu BD-1 R2R: Integrated Sustainable 1,691,377 1,173,261 160,551 570,459 1,145,032 4,740,680 14,000,000 18,740,680
Land and Coastal Management
Venezuela BD-2 Sustainable Forest Lands 3,656,621 2,360,731 319,635 2,112,329 8,449,316 25,730,000 34,179,316
Management and Conservation
under an Eco-social Approach
Vietnam BD-1 GMSFBP: Integrating 825,688 825,688 1,376,147 917,431 3,944,954 55,546,000 59,490,954
BD-2 Biodiversity Conservation,
Climate Resilience and
Sustainable Forest
Management in Central
Annamite Landscapes

53
Country GEF5 Project BD Chemicals CC IW LD SFM GEF Grant Cofinance Total
Objective Total Project
Cost

Yemen BD-1 Support to the Integrated 3,077,625 1,926,941 5,004,566 17,562,520 22,567,086
BD-2 Program for the Conservation
and Sustainable Development
of the Socotra Archipelago
TOTAL 121,185,214 7,217,151 79,610,254 8,387,861 47,125,220 40,415,330 322,150,148 1,149,626,059 1,470,776,207
ANNEX 5: MULTI-FOCAL AREA MEDIUM-SIZED PROJECTS WITH BIODIVERSITY FUNDING APPROVED
(amounts in US$)

Country Agency GEF Project BD CC IW LD SFM GEF Grant Cofinance Total

5 Total Project
Objectives Cost
Bahamas UNEP BD-2 Implementing Land, 431,621 481,621 913,242 997,000 1,910,242
Water and
Ecosystem
Management
Global FAO BD-1 ABNJ: 506,227 493,773 1,000,000 4,599,000 5,599,000
Strengthening
Global Capacity to
Effectively Manage
Areas Beyond
National
Jurisdiction (ABNJ)
Mali UNEP BD-2 Scaling up and 320,297 172,648 1,050,890 365,297 6,785,000 7,150,297
Replicating
Successful
Sustainable Land
Management
(SLM) and
Agroforestry
Practices in the
Koulikoro Region
of Mali

54
Country Agency GEF Project BD CC IW LD SFM GEF Grant Cofinance Total
5 Total Project
Objectives Cost
Morocco FAO BD-2 Conservation of 268,105 503,813 771,918 7,850,000 8,621,918
Biodiversity and
Mitigation of Land
Degradation
Through Adaptive
Management of
Agricultural
Heritage Systems
Morocco FAO BD-2 Conservation of 268,105 503,813 771,918 7,850,000 8,621,918
Biodiversity and
Mitigation of Land
Degradation
Through Adaptive
Management of
Agricultural
Heritage Systems
Tonga UNDP BD-2 R2R Integrated 174,715 1,660,147 610,092 2,444,954 5,400,000 7,844,954
Land and Agro-
ecosystem
Management
Systems
TOTAL 6,291,418 172,648 493,773 4,918,309 2,882,820 6,291,418 21,089,781 89,760,203

55
ANNEX 6: ENABLING ACTIVITIES APPROVED UNDER BIODIVERSITY FOCAL AREA (ALL AMOUNTS IN US$)

Country Agency Title GEF Cofinance Total

Project
Grant
Armenia GEFSEC Armenia: Convention on Biological Diversity Focal Area (CBD FA) 242,000 237,000 479,000
Belize UNDP National Biodiversity Planning to Support the implementation of the 220,000 102,000 322,000
CBD 2011-2020 Strategic Plan
Bolivia IADB National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan 440,000 100,000 540,000

Brazil UNDP National Biodiversity Planning to Support the Implementation of the 249,000 367,290 616,290
CBD 2011-2020 Strategic Plan
China GEFSEC Update and Implementation of National Biodiversity Strategy and 220,000 340,000 560,000
Action Plan and Preparing Fifth National Report to the CBD
Colombia UNDP National Biodiversity Planning to Support the Implementation of the 445,000 181,998 626,998
CBD 2011-2020 Strategic Plan
Congo UNEP Support to Congo for the Revision of the NBSAPs and Development 220,000 212,000 432,000
of Fifth National Report to the CBD
Cook Islands UNDP National Biodiversity Planning to Support the Implementation of the 220,000 270,000 490,000
CBD 2011-2020 Strategic Plan
Cuba UNDP National Biodiversity Planning for Support in Implementing the CBD 220,000 245,600 465,600
Strategic Plan 2011-2020
Eritrea UNEP Support to Eritrea for the Revision of the NBSAPs and Development 220,000 216,000 436,000
of Fifth National Report to the Convention on Biological Diversity
(CBD)
Fiji UNDP National Biodiversity Planning to Support the Implementation of the 220,000 220,000 440,000

56
Country Agency Title GEF Cofinance Total
Project
Grant
CBD 2011-2020 Strategic Plan
Ghana UNEP Support to Ghana for the Revision of the National Biodiversitty 220,000 214,000 434,000
Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAPs and Development of Fifth National
Report to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)
Guatemala UNDP National Biodiversity Planning to Support the Implementation of the 221,005 293,050 514,055
CBD 2011-2020 Strategic Plan
Jamaica UNDP National Biodiversity Planning to Support the Implementation of the 220,000 30,000 250,000
CBD 2011-2020 Strategic Plan

Jordan GEFSEC Revising the National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan , 220,000 460,000 680,000
preparing the 5th National report for CBD and undertaking CHM
activities
Mauritius UNDP National Biodiversity Planning to Support the Implementation of the 220,000 142,000 362,000
CBD 2011-2020 Strategic Plan in Mauritius
Micronesia UNDP National Biodiversity Planning to Support the Implementation of the 220,000 304,724 524,724
CBD 2011-2020 Strategic Plan
Nicaragua UNDP National Biodiversity Planning to Support the Implementation of the 220,000 186,000 406,000
CBD 2011-2020 Strategic Plan
Pakistan UNEP Support for the Revision of the NBSAPs and Development of Fifth 220,000 245,000 465,000
National Report to the CBD
Panama UNDP National Biodiversity Planning to Support the Implementation of the 220,000 140,000 360,000
CBD 2011-2020 Strategic Plan
Paraguay UNDP Updating the National Biodiversity Strategy and Developing the 220,800 350,000 570,800
Action Plan to Support the Implementation of the CBD 2011-2020
Strategic Plan
Russian UNEP Support to Russian Federation for the Revision of the NBSAPs and 370,000 370,000 740,000
Federation Development of Fifth National Report to the Convention on Biological
Diversity (CBD)
Somalia FAO Support to Somalia for the Development of its first NBSAP and Fifth 332,500 470,000 802,500
National Report to the CBD
South Africa UNDP National Biodiversity Planning to Support the Implementation of the 220,000 356,000 576,000
CBD 2011-2020 Strategic Plan in South Africa

57
Country Agency Title GEF Cofinance Total
Project
Grant
South Sudan UNDP National Biodiversity Planning to Support the Implementation of the 220,000 100,000 320,000
CBD 2011-2020 Strategic Plan in South Sudan by Development of the
first National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP)
Sudan UNDP National Biodiversity Planning to Support the implementation of the 220,000 100,000 320,000
CBD 2011-2020 Strategic Plan in Sudan
Trinidad GEFSEC Revision of the NBSAP and Preparation of the 5th National Report to 242,000 27,700 269,700
and Tobago the CBD
Tunisia UNDP National Biodiversity Planning to Support the Implementation of the 220,000 100,400 320,400
CBD 2011-2020 Strategic Plan in Tunisia
Tuvalu UNEP Support to Tuvalu for the Revision of the NBSAPs and Development 220,000 180,000 400,000
of Fifth National Report to the Convention on Biological Diversity
(CBD)
TOTAL 7,162,305 6,560,762 13,723,067

58
ANNEX 7: BIOSAFETY PROJECTS APPROVED (all amounts in USD$)

Country Agenc GEF5 Title GEF Total Cofinance Total

y Objective Project
Cost
Global UNEP BD-3 UNEP-GEF Project for Sustainable Capacity 4,699,684 9,725,680 14,425,364
Building for Effective Participation in the Biosafety
Clearing House (BCH)
Mauritania UNEP BD-3 Stocktaking and Update of National Biosafety 878,000 930,000 1,808,000
Framework of Mauritania
Regional UNEP BD-3 Multi-Country Project to Strengthen Institutional 3,860,000 6,546,500 10,406,500
Capacity on LMO Testing in Support of National
Decision-making (Angola, Lesotho, Madagascar,
Malawi, Mozambique, Congo DR)
Sri Lanka FAO BD-3 Implementation of the National Biosafety 2,365,964 2,366,000 4,731,964
Framework in Accordance with the Cartagena
Protocol on Biosafety (CPB)
Venezuela UNEP BD-3 Implementation of the National Biosafety 1,860,000 6,672,000 8,532,000
Framework in Venezuela in Accordance to the
Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety
Totals 13,663,648 26,240,180 39,903,828

59
ANNEX 8: NPIF PROJECTS APPROVED (all amounts in US$)

Country Agency GEF5 Title GEF Co- Total

Objective Project finance Project
Grant Cost
Argentina UNDP BD-4 Promoting the Application of the Nagoya Protocol on ABS 958,904 3,000,186 3,959,090
Bhutan UNDP BD-4 Implementing the Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and 1,000,000 2,000,000 3,000,000
Benefit Sharing
Cameroon UNDP BD-4 A Bottom Up Approach to ABS: Community Level Capacity Development 940,000 1,100,000 2,040,000
for Successful Engagement in ABS Value Chains in Cameroon (Echinops (440,000
giganteus) from
NPIF)
Colombia UNDP BD-4 The Development and Production of Natural Dyes in the Choco Region of 1,000,091 1,516,500 2,516,591
Colombia for the Food, Cosmetics and Personal Care Industries Under the
Provisions of the Nagoya Protocol
Cook UNDP BD-4 Strengthening the Implementation of the Nagoya Protocol on Access to 930,137 1,499,535 2,429,672
Islands Genetic Resources and Benefit Sharing in the Cook Islands
Costa UNDP BD-4 Promoting the Application of the Nagoya Protocol through the 979,566 4,619,309 5,598,875
Rica Development of Nature-based Products, Benefit-sharing and Biodiversity
Conservation
Fiji UNDP BD-4 Discovering Nature-based Products and Build National Capacities for the 1,000,000 2,370,000 3,370,000
Application of the Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and
Benefit Sharing
Gabon UNDP BD-4 Implementation of National Strategy and Action Plan on Access to Genetic 913,242 1,790,000 2,703,242
Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits Accruing From

60
Country Agency GEF5 Title GEF Co- Total
Objective Project finance Project
Grant Cost
Their Utilization
Global UNEP BD-4 Global Support for the Entry into Force of the Nagoya Protocol on Access 1,000,000 627,500 1,627,500
and Benefit Sharing
Kenya UNEP BD-4 Developing the Microbial Biotechnology Industry from Kenya's Soda 913,265 1,751,845 2,665,110
Lakes in line with the Nagoya Protocol
Panama UNDP BD-4 Promoting the application of the Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic 1,000,000 3,422,000 4,422,000
Resources and Benefit Sharing in Panama
Regional UNEP BD-4 Supporting African Countries in Identifying Opportunities For Public- 6,831,000 4,322,500 11,153,500
Private Partnerships During the Preparation of Early Ratification and
Implementation of the Nagoya Protocol on ABS (Participating countries:
Benin, Egypt, Lesotho, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Seychelles, Sierra
Leone, Swaziland, Togo, Tunisia, Tanzania, Uganda)
Regional UNEP BD-4; Ratification and Implementation of the Nagoya Protocol for the Member 1,762,557 8,300,000 10,062,557
countries of the Central African Forests Commission COMIFAC
(Participating countries: Burundi, Central African Republic, Congo,
Cameroon, Gabon, Equatorial Guinea, Rwanda, Sao Tome and Principe,
Chad, Congo DR)
Regional UNEP BD-5; Ratification and Implementation of the Nagoya Protocol in the Countries of 1,762,557 950,000 2,712,557
the Pacific Region (Participating countries: Cook Islands, Fiji, Micronesia,
Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Nauru, Niue, Papua New Guinea, Palau,
Solomon Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu, Samoa)
TOTAL 20,941,228 37,269,375 57,810,603

61
ANNEX 9: SUMMARY DESCRIPTIONS OF FULL-SIZE PROJECT IN THE BIODIVERSITY FOCAL AREA
APPROVED DURING THE REPORTING PERIOD

Argentina: Governance Strengthening for the Management and Protection of Coastal-

Marine Biodiversity in Key Ecological Areas and the Implementation of the Ecosystem
Approach to Fisheries (EAF) (FAO; GEF-BD Total: $3.5 million; Co-finance: $17.8
million; Total project cost: $21.3 million)
This project creates two new Marine Protected Areas, including sustainable financing and
participatory management plans, which will secure the coverage of marine ecosystems not
currently protected in the Patagonia region that are also critical for sustaining fisheries and
protecting globally important migratory marine mammals (orcas, southern right whales, etc.).
The project supports incorporating the ecosystems approach to fisheries into the regulatory
frameworks for coastal and marine fisheries management. In addition, the integration of the
Ecosystems Approach to Fisheries (EAF) into the regulatory frameworks and national policies
for coastal and marine fisheries management, will change fishery management plans covering
150,000-300,000 ha of seascapes in the Argentine Sea to a more sustainable trajectory and will
include the introduction of biodiversity friendly capture methods, fishing techniques, or
selectivity devices that minimize the impact on non-target species. Sustainable fisheries
certification such as the MSC Standard will also be supported to sustain the EAF management
approach through added market value for biodiversity conservation efforts. Private fisheries
enterprises participating in the implementation of the EAF management and Action plans will
provide $5.6 million in co-financing.
Argentina: Mainstreaming Sustainable Use of Biodiversity in Production Practices of Small
Producers to Protect the Biodiversity of High Value Conservation Forests in the Atlantic
Forest, Yungas and Chaco (UNDP; GEF-BD Total: $4.6 million; Co-finance: $21.7 million:
Total project cost: $26.1 million)
This project will protect high-biodiversity value forest in three globally significant forest
ecosystems (Upper Parana Atlantic, Yungas and Chaco); these ecosystems provide services and
goods for a variety of production sectors, mainly agriculture and livestock, which play an
important role in the country's economy. The project builds on an existing land-use planning and
incentive framework that restricts land-use in forested areas (the Native Forest Law) and will
overcome current governance and market constraints to optimize the Law’s contribution to
reduce conversion and degradation of native forests, increase restoration, and foster connectivity.
In doing so the project will mainstream the sustainable production of non-timber forest products
in management plans developed under the Forest Law, and build capacities of small-scale
farmers for biodiversity-based production combined with low impact agroforestry systems near
high conservation value forest. This will be further supported by improving access to existing
finance mechanisms and subsidies for NTFP and access to markets for biodiversity friendly
products. To maintain production within ecosystem limits it will strengthen the regulatory and
enforcement of sustainable-use of forest biodiversity at the provincial and national level.
Overall, the project strategy addresses threats to biodiversity from existing small-holder
production practices while increasing the viability of biodiversity-based land-uses and providing
a buffer to forest areas under strict conservation. The project key’s outcomes include: sustainable
use of biodiversity (NTPFs) in 40,000 ha of the Atlantic Forest; 60,000 ha in the Yungas; and

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100,000 ha in the Chaco. In addition, the project will reduce threats to biodiversity in 1 million
ha through the cumulative effect of the project’s interventions.
Brazil: Mainstreaming Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Use into NTFP and AFS
Production Practices in Multiple-Use Forest Landscapes of High Conservation Value
(UNDP; GEF-BD Total $5.6 million; Co-finance: $27.8 million; Total project cost: $33.4)
This project aims to develop a strengthened management framework for sustainable non-timber
forest products (NTFP) and agro-forestry systems (AFS) by facilitating a shift from
unsustainable agricultural practices to an approach that conserves the biodiversity in multiple-use
forest landscapes of high conservation value while supporting important social priorities and
development goals. Working in 500,000 ha of key forest landscapes (the Amazon, Caatinga and
Cerrado) that are suffering increasing land use pressures, the project will address one of the key
land use threats to these forests: forest degradation driven by small-scale farmers employing
traditional subsistence farming and extraction practices including land clearing, unsustainable
fire and water management and poor soil husbandry. The aim is to increase the returns to
producers from sustainable utilization of wild resources in situ, creating the incentive to maintain
natural habitat rather than convert land to other uses across an additional 2.5 million ha. On the
production side, the project will work to develop safeguards for NTFP production and harvesting
and incentives to optimize the contribution of existing policies to the conservation of globally
significant biodiversity. Recognizing the importance of market demand, the project will also
address barriers within the downstream market and trade, seeking to improve returns from NTFP
and AFS and providing the incentive for adoption at scale, thereby increasing conservation
dividends. The project expects to work with over 4,500 local family NTFP and AFS producers
while impacting the livelihoods of many more involved within the longer supply chain.
Brazil: Capacity Building and Institutional Strengthening on the National Framework for
Access and Benefit Sharing under the Nagoya Protocol (IADB; GEF-BD Total: $4.4
million; Co-finance: $4.4 million; Total project cost: $8.8 million)
This project will allow Brazil to carry out the necessary work towards ratifying the Nagoya
Protocol and to strengthen the relevant institutions in order to create an enabling environment to
facilitate ABS agreements between users and providers of genetic resources. This project will
result in: i) the ratification of the Nagoya Protocol; ii) the approval of the ABS bill; iii) the
harmonization of existing laws and regulations on genetic resources, with the measures needed to
comply with the Nagoya Protocol; iv) the development of a national electronic management
knowledge system to make information readily available to potential users of genetic resources;
and v) guidelines for indigenous peoples to engage in the development and use of ABS
regulations.
Cabo Verde: Mainstreaming Biodiversity Conservation into the Tourism Sector in Synergy
with a Further Strengthened Protected Areas System in Cape Verde (UNDP; GEF-BD
Total: $3.7 million; Co-finance: $15.5 million; Total project cost: $19.1 million)
The project will be implemented in four islands of the Cabo Verde archipelago. The targeted
islands are facing increasing pressure from tourism infrastructure development and unsustainable
fishing practices. The project will improve the national protected area network through the full
operationalization of at least seven protected areas, a total of 12,310 ha, and will enhance control

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and reduction of pressures from tourism activities in a total of 60,313 ha of terrestrial and marine
protected areas. In addition, the project will develop and implement coherent enabling
frameworks to focus on tourism and associated real estate/construction sectors to ensure that
tourism fulfills its socio-economic potential without compromising the ecosystem services and
biodiversity it depends upon. The project brings together key public sector actors and resource
users (e.g. fisherman, tourism operators) nationally and locally to address major threats to marine
and terrestrial biodiversity. The project will pilot island-specific cost-effective PA revenue
generation mechanisms in conjunction with tourism stakeholders to ensure sustainable financing
of PA and establish financial arrangements for a tourism-related biodiversity off-set mechanism,
which can be replicated on other islands.
Cameroon: Participative Integrated Ecosystem Services Management Plans for Bakassi
Post Conflict Ecosystems PINESMAP BPCE (UNEP; GEF-BD Total: $2.7 million; Co-
finance: $10.5 million; Total project cost: $13.2 million)
The project will be implemented in the South west of Cameroon, Bakassi region, a biodiversity
hotspot of global significance. This region includes most of mangrove forests ecosystem,
covering 200,000 ha, representing the most important mangrove forests ecosystem in central
Africa. The other partners working in Bakassi mainly focused on rebuilding the social and
economic health of this region. Poor attention is given to the biodiversity protection and
sustainable use. Therefore, the project will develop the enabling environment for mainstreaming
biodiversity into the economic development of Bakassi. The project will develop an Integrated
Ecosystem Service Management plan, which will lead to cross sectorial collaboration at regional
level. This project will also include introduction of incentives in local land use to promote
sustainable production practices in terrestrial and coastal ecosystems. The project brings together
key public sector actors, local NGOs, and users (mainly fisherman) at regional and local scales to
address threats to coastal and terrestrial biodiversity ecosystems and to develop responses at the
correct level: focusing on (i) regional level for policies and regulatory framework and on (ii)
local level for developing sustainable livelihoods.

Chile: Strengthening and Development of Instruments for the Management, Prevention

and Control of Beaver (Castor Canadensis), an Invasive Alien Species in the Chilean
Patagonia (FAO; GEF-BD Total: $3.6 million; Co-finance: $9.1 million; Total project cost:
$11.2 million);
Invasive North American beavers represent a major threat to the ecosystems of the islands and
mainland of Patagonia. This project builds upon research and small pilot efforts to develop and
support a coordinated strategy to stop the spread of beavers and undertake eradication. This
project will provide the scientific and technical capacity to develop and implement a full plan for
these efforts while piloting larger scale strategy for eradication. GEF funding will help mobilize
governments and the private sector to support this initiative. This project is a timely intervention
which aims to prevent the further colonization and expansion of territories affected by beaver in
Tierra del Fuego and the Brunswick Peninsula thereby avoiding the much larger costs of control
over a wider affected area and the cost of rehabilitating damaged ecosystems.

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Chile: Mainstreaming the Conservation, Sustainable Use and Valuation of Critically
Threatened Species and Endangered Ecosystems into Development-frontier Production
Landscapes of the Arica y Parinacota, and Biobio Regions (FAO; GEF-BD Total: $2.4
million; Co-finance: $8.8 million; Total project cost: $11.2 million)
The project will integrate the conservation and sustainable use of critically threatened species
and endangered ecosystems into priority development-frontier landscapes, by promoting
sustainable agricultural and forestry production, capacity-building, and socio-environmental
benefits. The project will be implemented in targeted productive landscapes in Northern and
mid-Southern Chile, where those four different species are impacted by similar anthropogenic
threat drivers. Project interventions will address the lack of awareness and actions regarding
these four species' values that lead to destroying them through land-use change, habitat
fragmentation, ecosystem degradation, and poor institutional coordination. Pilot interventions
using a markets-based approach and certification of a range of products will be implemented in
300,000 ha to protect and/or restore the ecosystem services within a wider landscape
management vision. The project will restore connectivity and implement threat-reduction
activities in the project intervention areas. The project will reinforce the conservation efforts for
4 critically endangered species, while supporting local livelihoods and rural production.

China: Expansion and Improvement of Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Use of

Natural Resources in the Greater Shennongjia Area, Hubei Province (UNEP; GEF-BD
Total: $2.7 million; Co-finance: $15.0 million; Total project cost: $17.7 million)
The project supports the enhanced management of existing PAs and facilitates the establishment
of new PAs in the Greater Shennongjia Area (GSA) in the Hubei Province of China, covering
3,099,567 ha. The GSA is identified among the most significant and globally important areas in
China. The area includes the Shennongjia National Nature Reserve which is known to hold a
significant number of globally threatened species, including variety of plant and bird species.
The project is expected to help improve the conservation status of these globally important and
threatened species and their habitat within and outside of the PAs. The GEF contribution will
build upon and help promote an integrated approach to conservation and sustainable use of
biodiversity resources in the area through applying science-based planning methods and building
necessary capacity and awareness among the government staff, PA managers and community
groups. The GSA is expected to be further developed into a national center for biodiversity
conservation, scientific research, education and demonstration of best practices. The government
has committed regular budget and resources to ensure the longer-term financial sustainability of
the project outcomes. In addition, a range of incentive schemes and revenue generation
mechanisms to support conservation will be developed in the GSA Management Plan, including
payment of ecosystem services schemes and ecotourism activities.
China: Developing and Implementing the National Framework on Access and Benefit
Sharing of Genetic Resources and Associated Traditional Knowledge (UNDP; GEF-BD
Total: $4.4 million; Co-finance: $22.2 million; Total project cost: $26.7 million)
The project will develop and implement China’s national framework on ABS of genetic
resources and associated traditional knowledge in accordance with provisions of the Convention
on Biological Diversity and the Nagoya Protocol. The project will be implementing the
following three components: 1) Establishment of the National Regulatory and Institutional

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Framework on ABS; 2) ABS capacity building and awareness raising. 3) Demonstration of ABS,
including national ABS framework under implementation through up to 6 pilots in 5 provinces,
achieving the following outcomes: (i) 3 leading agents for new drug production; (ii) at least 3
ABS agreements negotiated between users and providers of genetic resources/derivatives; (iii) at
least 3 ABS agreements negotiated for products already commercialized; (iv) at least 4 Prior
Informed Consent processes with Indigenous and Local Communities implemented; (v) direct
financial community benefits derived from utilization of their local genetic resources and
traditional knowledge.
China: A New Green Line: Mainstreaming Biodiversity Conservation Objectives and
Practices into China’s Water Resources Management Policy and Planning Practice (FAO;
GEF-BD Total: $2.6 million; Co-finance: $26.0 million; Total project cost: $28.6 million)
This project is focused on mainstreaming biodiversity conservation practices and objectives into
water resources management in China. The project is at the policy level, working to mainstream
biodiversity into key water resources management plans and priorities at the national level and
piloting improved planning, review, and implement management practices at the provincial and
county levels in the Chongqing and Yunnan provinces in the Yangtze River basin, known for its
rich aquatic biodiversity. The project proposes the following three components: 1) Institutional
and planning frameworks for mainstreaming biodiversity into water resources management at
national and provincial levels; 2) Pilot mainstreaming into key water sector development
programs at the provincial level in Chongqing and Yunnan provinces; and 3) Scaling up and
knowledge management of mainstreaming practices. The project will also pilot the introduction
of new tool, "Green Line (do-good)" scorecard for certification of advanced ecosystem based
river water management, in addition to the existing tool in China on “Red Lines (do-no-harm)"
for aquatic biodiversity.
Colombia: Sustainable Management and Conservation of Biodiversity in the Magdalena
River Basin (IADB; GEF-BD Total: $6.5 million; Co-finance: $25.0 million; Total project
cost: $31.5 million)
The project will be implemented in the Magdalena River Basin which covers 27,400,000 ha,
almost a quarter of Colombia, including most of the main ecosystems of the Andean region and
the Colombian Atlantic coast, which makes it one of the most important regions for biodiversity
on the planet. The project will improve management of freshwater biodiversity through
establishment and management of 15 new protected areas in the Magdalena River Basin.
Freshwater biodiversity is under-represented in the national protected area system as well as
globally, thus the project will fill a critical coverage gap. Secondarily, the project will introduce
a basin-wide hydrological model to determine appropriate freshwater system flows to conserve
freshwater biodiversity while providing for local demands for water. This model will include
introduction of incentives in local land use and watershed plans to promote sustainable
production practices in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. The project brings together key
public sector actors and resource users (fisher-people and farmers) at national, regional and
local/municipal scales to address threats to freshwater biodiversity and to develop responses at
the correct administrative level which will help ensure sustainability of the proposed approaches.

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Colombia: Implementing the Socio-Ecosystem Connectivity Approach to Conserve and
Sustainable Use Biodiversity in the Caribbean Region of Colombia (FAO; GEF-BD Total:
$6.1 million; Co-finance: $20.4 million; Total project cost: $26.4 million)
This project reduces ecosystem degradation and fragmentation through the implementation of a
PA management approach that looks at the entire landscape and manages the external threats and
drivers to biodiversity loss that originate outside of park borders. Referred to in Colombia as the
“mosaic approach” and “socio-ecosystem connectivity”, these response measures are built from
the bottom-up, prioritizing the needs and opportunities of local interests and perspectives without
excluding the national and global importance and relevance of the region’s PAs. Overall, the
project strategy addresses threats to biodiversity through a combination of land-use and spatial
planning that incorporates biodiversity priorities in 5 regional development plans, 10 land use
schemes and 2 watershed management plans, thus mainstreaming biodiversity protection within
wider development planning frameworks. In addition, the project will create 6 new protected
areas to fill identified conservation gaps including connectivity corridors. Finally, within the
created mosaics the project will implement sustainable use activities covering 300,000 ha. The
project will also promote the incorporation of the “mosaic approach” and “socio-ecosystem
connectivity” into the decision-making tool and plans (i.e. departmental and municipal
development plans; national and regional PA management plans).
Colombia: Consolidation of the National System of Protected Areas (SINAP) at National
and Regional Levels (IADB; GEF-BD Total: $4.2 million; Co-finance: $15.7 million; Total
project cost: $19.8 million)
The project will improve the consolidation of the national protected area system through
enhancing protected area management effectiveness, increasing ecosystem representativeness
along strategic biological corridors, and strengthening the participation of regional stakeholders
in conservation initiatives in the two targeted protected area subsystems; the Northeast Andes
and the Orinoco which are areas of global biodiversity significance that are not adequately
managed at the current time. In Orinoco and Northeast Andes out of a total of 162 regional
protected areas, just 45 have formulated a management plan, while all 18 national parks have
management plans, not all have been implemented because the lack of budget or lack of
continuity in the process once the plan was formulated. This project will result in: 1)
Management effectiveness of the Northeast Andean and Orinoquia regional subsystems of
Protected Areas improved along strategic biological corridors and conservation mosaics; 2) At
least 163,000 ha of new national, regional and local protected areas in strategic biological
corridors incorporated as part of the SINAP; and 3) Improved planning and coordination of the
SINAP.
Comoros: Development of a National Network of Terrestrial and Marine Protected Areas
Representative of the Comoros Unique Natural Heritage and Co-managed With Local
Village Communities (UNDP; GEF-BD Total: $4.3 million; Co-finance: $20.0 million; Total
project cost: $24.3 million)
This project will allow the Government of Comoros to development a national network of
terrestrial and marine protected areas representative of the natural heritage and co-managed with
local village communities. This project will support the doubling of the PA estate of Comoros
with an increase of 41,000 ha (38,000 ha terrestrial and 3,000 ha marine), resulting in a PA estate

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that covers 22% of the land area of Comoros. This project will strengthen the PA system through
expansion and capacity building: (i) improving the legal and institutional frameworks for PA
management; (ii) strengthening capacity for PA management at the system level; (iii)
engineering PA expansion and codifying a strategy for the PA system; and (iv)improving the
financial sustainability of the PA system. In addition, this project will improve operations at the
PA level: i) strengthening PA management at the site level; (ii) improving resource use
governance on sites and around them; (iii) exploring the contribution of tourism to conservation
at the site level; and (iv)generating support for and implementing a PA-friendly livelihoods
program.
Congo: Creation of Conkouati Dimonika PA Complex and Development of Community
Private Sector Participation Model to Enhance PA Management Effectiveness
CDC&CPSPM (UNEP; GEF-BD Total: $2.9 million; Co-finance: $15.0 million; Total
project cost: $17.9 million)
The project will support activities to maintain ecological integrity and connectivity of Mayombe
ecosystem, located in the West part of the country, while supporting sustainable socioeconomic
development of this region. The GEF project builds on the regional Mayombe forest transfrontier
conservation initiative and other on-going programs. This project will result in an integrated
landscape approach of Mayombe ecosystem, including the strengthening of the protected area
network and the support of sustainable resource management beyond PA frontiers. This effort
would allow (i) an increase of the national PA coverage, (ii) an increase in the PA management
capacity score card at individual, regional levels, (iii) the establishment of a harmonized
biodiversity monitoring system for the PA system, and (iv) the reinforcement of the current laws
and regulations. The approach developed is based on a partnership between the government,
private sector, and local communities where the private sector commits to support the protection
efforts through providing financial support to PA management and contributing to incentivize
local livelihood and where local communities engage in a shift toward sustainable economic
activities.

Congo, Democratic Republic: Democratic Republic of Congo Conservation Trust Fund

(AF for National Parks Network Rehabilitation Project) (WB; GEF-BD Total: $11.6
million; Co-finance: $49.5 million; Total project cost: $61.1 million)
This project will fund activities directed at strengthening protection and ensuring the
conservation of biodiversity of global significance through the development of a framework for
an effectively managed and financially sustainable protected area system in DRC. The project
objective is to help the government to (i) establish and capitalize a Conservation Trust Fund, (ii)
provide a reliable source of financing of selected protected areas, and (iii) strengthen the capacity
of the national parks agency to assume a leadership role in the management and the expansion of
the national protected area system. A Conservation Trust Fund will be established so as to allow
the coverage of additional protected areas within the DRC as further contributions increase its
capital and annual revenue generation. It is expected that the fund will raise an additional $10
million during the project, allowing the CTF to support additional protected areas. The DRC
experience will help other African countries to evaluate the opportunity to develop such
mechanisms.

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Dominican Republic: Conserving Biodiversity in Coastal Areas Threatened by Rapid
Tourism and Physical Infrastructure Development (UNDP; GEF-BD Total: $2.9 million;
Co-finance: $13.7 million; Total project cost: $16.6 million)
The Dominican Republic has high numbers of endemic plant and bird species, and a number of
endangered species inhabit its coastal areas. This project will enable the country to develop a
planning and regulatory framework that ensures the protection of the country’s important coastal
ecosystems that are the primary attraction for international tourists. Project components include
(a) development and implementation of a policy, legal, and planning framework in the tourism
sector that avoids or minimizes direct threats to biodiversity; (b) a nation-wide biodiversity-
friendly certification systems for hotels, which will reward more environmentally sustainable and
biodiversity friendly establishments with higher levels of certification; and (c ) biodiversity-
friendly land-use plans for the two most important coastal areas for future tourism development,
which will be based on strategic environmental assessments.
Ecuador: Conservation of Ecuadorian Amphibian Diversity and Sustainable Use of its
Genetic Resources (UNDP; GEF-BD Total: $2.7 million; Co-finance: $11.5; Total project
cost: $14.3 million)
Amphibian population declines and extinction risk in Ecuador are highest in the Paramos (high
altitude grasslands) and tropical montane rain forests. This project combines in situ and ex situ
conservation measures as well as bio-prospecting research on the peptides obtained from frog
skin exudates, which have shown to have antibiotic properties with promising applications in
biomedicine. This research and development initiative will be used to advance the national
agenda on ABS towards at the ratification and implementation of the basic measures of the
Nagoya Protocol. This project should result in the conservation and sustainable use of
endangered of amphibians in Ecuador. The specific results will be: conservation of critical
habitats in new and existing Municipal protected areas; management of genetically viable
populations in domestic and international breeding facilities; the discovery of active compounds
derived from the skin secretion with potential applications in medicine (i.e. antimicrobial,
antifungal, anti-parasitic and antiviral properties); and the ratification and implementation of
basic measures of the Nagoya Protocol. The development of the Ecuadorian Amphibian Life
Bank will be a novel strategy in the field of biodiversity conservation and will add to the current
experience of ex situ conservation.
Egypt: Mainstreaming the Conservation and Sustainable Use of Biodiversity into Tourism
Development and Operations in Threatened Ecosystems in Egypt (UNDP; GEF-BD Total:
$2.6 million; Co-financing: $10.4 million; Total project cost: $13.1 million)
This project will allow the Government of Egypt to expand the network of Protected Areas and
mainstream biodiversity conservation into the tourism sector. This project will engage with the
Ministry of State for Environmental Affairs and the Ministry of Tourism to ensure that adverse
impacts of tourism infrastructure development on biodiversity and land/seascapes are avoided,
reduced, or compensated. This project will support the conservation of 45,000 ha of protected
areas and 1,000,000 ha of ecologically sensitive areas outside of protected areas. This project
will help create one new PA (min. 30,000 ha) and the expansion of PAs (an additional 15,000 ha)
in important regions. In addition, this project will reduce the adverse impacts of the development
of tourism infrastructure development on biodiversity in at least 1,000,000 ha of ecologically

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sensitive areas (including approximately 232,400 ha inside protected areas), support the adoption
of biodiversity-friendly tourism certification, and help maintain the good conservation status in
the three target zones.
El Salvador: Conservation, Sustainable Use of Biodiversity, and Maintenance of Ecosystem
Services in Protected Wetlands of International Importance (UNDP; GEF-BD Total: $2.2
million; Co-finance: $8.8 million; Total project cost: $11.0 million)
The results of this project will be: 1) Two newly established multiple-use protected areas
(MUPAs) increase the coverage of the National System of Natural Protected Areas (SNANP) by
20,000 ha; 2) The management effectiveness of three PWII increases as measured by the METT
scorecard (the baseline and target values will be established during the PPG phase); 3) Increased
revenue by contributes to the financial sustainability of three (3) PWII; 4) Key indicator species
of wetland ecosystems remain stable in at least four PAs within the interconnected PWIIs of the
Jiquilisco Bay Complex and the Jocotal Lagoon in the lower Río Grande de San Miguel
watershed; 5) Pollution derived from agrochemicals, livestock waste, and household and urban
solid waste reduced by 50% in three PWII by the end of the project; 6) Sustainable use and
extraction of resources contribute to the conservation of 18,720 ha of mangroves in the Jiquilisco
Bay PWII and associated freshwater lagoons; 7) An incentives program, including green
certification for reduced use of agrochemicals in sugarcane cultivation and sustainable livestock
management, promotes biodiversity-friendly agricultural practices and water-related resource use
in the buffer areas of four PAs of the Jocotal Lagoon and the Jiquilisco Bay PWIIs.

Ethiopia: Mainstreaming Incentives for Biodiversity Conservation in the Climate Resilient

Green Economy Strategy (CRGE) (UNDP; GEF-BD Total: $3.3 million; Co-finance: $16.0
million; Total project cost: $19.3)
The Climate Resilient Green Economy Strategy (CRGE) of the Government of Ethiopia aims at
increasing economic growth, while at the same time reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions
and increasing climate resilience. This will be achieved through the development and
implementation of a number of on-the-ground projects supported by the CRGE Funding Facility.
Significant investments will be required in "green infrastructure" to provide the much needed
ecosystem services. This project is targeting the Southwestern highlands of Ethiopia, which
include the largest of the two remaining blocks of tropical montane forest that is part of the
Eastern Afromontane Biodiversity Hotspot. This project will result in strengthening the enabling
framework for mainstreaming incentives for biodiversity conservation into the Climate Resilient
Green Economy Strategy at the national level by: i) developing of Decision Support Systems
(DSS) to ensure infrastructure placement do not negatively impact biodiversity; and ii)
mainstreaming biodiversity values and management costs into national accounts through a public
expenditure review. Additionally, this project will pilot and operationalize Payments for
Ecosystem services (PES) in selected sites in the Afro-montane forests by: i) developing metrics
for measuring the actual amount of environmental services being provided; ii) monitoring
payments to ensure they result in the desired change in land use; and iii) putting in place
safeguards to avoid the creation of perverse incentives. The scheme will also entail extensive
monitoring of the effectiveness of payments in stimulating adoption of the proposed measures
and of the resulting impact on environmental services and on household welfare.

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Global: UNEP-GEF Project for Sustainable Capacity Building for Effective Participation
in the Biosafety Clearing House (BCH) (UNEP; GEF-BD Total: $4.7 million; Co-finance:
$9.7 million; Total project cost: $14.4 million)
The Biosafety Clearing House (BCH) is an integral part of the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety a
supplementary legally binding instrument of the CBD. The GEF has provided financial
assistance for the development and implementation of this tool through two main global projects:
BCH-1 in support of all GEF eligible countries and BCH-2 in support of the 50 countries with
the most advanced systems for training beyond and above the support provided in BCH-1. These
two global projects have been complemented with a number a country-based biosafety and
Enabling Activities that included components in support of the CHM. This new project is in
response to a COP/MOP-5 decision calling on the GEF to “Expand its support its support for
capacity building for effective participation in the BCH to all eligible Parties to the Protocol.
Following on this guidance, this project will support capacity building in the 76 countries that
did participate in BCH2 and a handful that did not participate in the initial BCH1.
This project will result in: i) Global and sub-regional networking for knowledge sharing of
information for effective management of the Biosafety Clearing House (BCH), ii) BCH
education packages in all UN languages used in national education, academia, and productive
sectors to enhance public awareness on the information available (including permits) associated
with transit and use of Living Modified Organisms, iii) strengthening of the BCH regional
Advisory system to support an effective participation in the BCH.

Global: Mainstreaming Biodiversity Information into the Heart of Government Decision

Making (UNEP; GEF-BD Total: $5.0 million; Co-finance: $15.0 million; Total project cost:
$20.0 million)
The project will help governments to achieve sustainable development by bringing biodiversity
and ecosystem services into the heart of government decision making using actionable
environmental information. It focuses on in-depth development of proofs of concept with a small
number of carefully selected countries to: mobilize existing biodiversity data and information
from a range of sources (national and international); apply such information in forms that
provide spatially explicit information on change in biodiversity and ecosystem services supply at
the appropriate scales for managers and policy makers; and catalyze the development of national
biodiversity information networks capable of providing such policy-relevant, spatially explicit
information to meet ongoing national needs. The project results will be: 1) Proof-of-concept
models, good practices, lessons and tools, developed iteratively and through active showcasing
and facilitated interaction with the 3 demonstration countries; 2) Improved global understanding
of and capacity to use biodiversity information to influence development outcomes at the
national level, in 3 demonstration countries; 3) Decision points or processes across government
sectors where biodiversity information can be influential are identified, and innovative, strategic
response strategies are developed; 4) Technical stakeholders are supported to more easily be able
to acquire and share relevant data, and use this to communicate effectively, for current and future
information needs; 5) Biodiversity data and information are integrated into decision making
across government sectors and utilized to a greater extent within national-level policy processes,
accounting systems, and reporting.

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Global: Effectively Mainstreaming Biodiversity Conservation into Government Policy and
Private Sector Practice Piloting Sustainability Models to Take the Critical Ecosystem
Partnership Fund (CEPF) to Scale (CI; GEF-BD Total: $9.8 million; Co-finance: $84.5
million; Total project cost: $94.3 million)
This project will build on 13 years of successful operation of the Critical Ecosystem Partnership
Fund by empowering local actors to address global conservation priorities in a strategic manner
in the globally significant hotspots. The aim is to take CEPF to a scale at which it can provide
the resources and depth of engagement needed to shift the momentum in global efforts to
conserve biodiversity and transform the role of civil societies, making them more effective
partners and influencers of decision-making. This project will test pilots in three hotspots
(Cerrado, Afro-Montane, and Indo-Burma hotspots) where mainstreaming biodiversity through
government policies and private sector practices will result in a road map for rolling out the
third-phase strategy to other hotspots. The goal of the third phase is to position CEPF as a
financial mechanism that effectively enables civil society to be a catalytic partner to
governments and private sector companies, influencing, advising and improving decision making
for development. The project includes four components: 1) Developing the long term
conservation vision and financing plan for the three hotspots; 2) Increased financial and
institutional sustainability of multi-sector conservation initiatives in the three hotspots; 3)
Enhanced and innovative public and private sector partnerships across production landscapes
covering at least 1 million ha in the three hotspots; 4) Replicating success through knowledge
products and tools (incl. adoption of long-term conservation vision and successful private
sector/policy models in 9 additional hotspots).
Guinea-Bissau: Strengthening the Financial and Operational Framework of the National
PA System in Guinea-Bissau (UNDP; GEF-BD total: $2.4 million; Co-finance: $11.6
million; Total project cost: $14.0 million)
The project will support Guinea-Bissau in improving the sustainability of its Protected Area
system to support the conservation of two major biomes – coastal and marine complex and the
forest belt. Guinea-Bissau coasts are one of the foremost locations for migratory water birds in
West Africa, and said to host 1% of the total world bird population during the winter. The project
will initiate the capitalization of the Fondation BioGuinee endowment and thereby leverage
funds from other co-financiers. The total capitalization through the project is expected to be at
least US$ 8,600,000. The project will also support new operational efficiencies in a pilot site, by
developing collaborative management between the PA managers and the managers of the vital
buffer zones. The project will include introduction of incentives in local land use to promote
sustainable production practices in the PA buffer zones. The project will contribute to the long
term financial sustainability of 855,972 ha of critical natural habitats via Guinea-Bissau’s
national network of PAs, covering some 24% of the country. The annual financial contribution
towards the management of the Guinea-Bissau’s PA estate is estimated to be around $430,000,
which would provide an equivalent to about 30% of overall annual recurrent funding needs.

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India: Integrated Management of Wetland Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services for Water
and Food Security (UNEP; GEF-BD Total: $4.2 million; Co-finance: $20.2 million; Total
project cost: $24.5 million)
This project is aimed at effectively overcoming the institutional and capacity barriers to promote
integrated management of wetlands in India. To achieve this objective, the project will support
the development of: national guidelines on wetland management; cross-sectoral institutional
framework and capacity building at both national and state levels; and demonstration of the
practical application of integrated management and cross-sectoral approaches in three key
wetlands in Bihar and Rajastan. This project will also support the expansion of an approximate
total of 1.3 million ha of wetland protected areas in addition to three sub-national (wetland and
lake basin) integrated land-use and management plans are developed including biodiversity and
ecosystem services valuation.
India: Mainstreaming Agrobiodiversity Conservation and Utilization in Agricultural
Sector to Ensure Ecosystem Services and Reduce Vulnerability (UNEP; GEF-BD Total:
$3.2 million; Co-finance: $8.6 million; Total project cost: $11.8 million)
The project will mainstream conservation and use of agrobiodiversity for resilient agriculture and
sustainable production and improve livehoods and access and benefit sharing capacity of farmer
communities across four agro-ecoregions of India. The project plans to achieve these objectives
by strengthening adaptive management for conservation and use of crop agrobiodiversity,
strategies and policies, and institutional frameworks and capacity and partnership among policy-
makers, researchers, extension workers, and farmers. The project will provide direct support for
in situ conservation of unique diversity of crop traditional varieties that occur in the four selected
agro-ecoregions in Western and Eastern Himalayas, Western arid/semi-arid region, and Central
tribal region. While enhancing conservation of crop traditional varieties, the overall aim of the
project is to ensure that rural communities are able to maintain existing traditional crop diversity
and its mainstreaming as well as to have access to new crop diversity in the existing farming
system that will ensure more resilient agricultural production landscapes, including preparing for
the impact of the changing climate.
Indonesia: CTI: Coral Reef Rehabilitation and Management Program-Coral Triangle
Initiative, Phase III (COREMAP-CTI III) (ADB; GEF-BD total: $8.2 million; Co-finance:
$56.0 million; Total project cost: $64.2 million)
This project is a child project of the Coral Triangle Initiative and the third phase of three phase
program. The project supports the sustainable management of coral reef ecosystems in project
areas by institutionalizing lessons and experience from the two previous phases. The project will
establish ten new marine protected areas and improve the management of 2,233,308 ha. The
project is strengthening national, district and community based institutions managing coral reefs,
marine areas and coastal zones. The project will support decentralized MPA and community
based investments to achieve conservation and sustainable utilization of marine resources,
supporting the creation of employment and growth in the marine and fisheries sector. The project
brings together key public sector actors and resource users (government planning agency,
fisherman, local communities) at national and local scale to address existing and emerging
challenges to the establishment of a viable Indonesian marine ecosystem management system.
The project has been formulated for a community-driven development approach. The project will

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promote viable private sector investments and livelihoods initiatives, such as fish processing and
eco-tourism.
Indonesia: Mainstreaming Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Use into Inland
Fisheries Practices in Freshwater Ecosystems of High Conservation Value (FAO; GEF-BD
Total: $6.2 million; Co-finance: $31.1 million; Total project cost: $37.3 million)
Based on on-going initiatives, the project aims to improve inland fisheries practices in freshwater
ecosystems and to provide an effective mechanism for engaging local communities in sustainable
livelihoods. The project builds on existing initiatives and on the gradually emerging political
awareness of the importance of inland fisheries and freshwater ecosystems. The project will
overcome current lack of governance by setting-up a coordination mechanism across sectorial
agencies and improving the information and knowledge on inland aquatic biodiversity. There is a
proposed high engagement of local communities to shift current practices to more sustainable
activities. The project will notably contribute to develop land management plans covering
approximately 300,000 ha of critical inland aquatic ecosystems and improved fisheries
management over 60,000 of freshwater habitats.
Macedonia: Achieving Biodiversity Conservation through Creation and Effective
Management of Protected Areas and Mainstreaming Biodiversity into Land Use Planning
(UNEP; GEF-BD Total: $3.4 million; Co-finance: $14.7 million; Total project cost: $18.1
million)
This GEF project will help establish new protected areas and continue to build on the
experiences and work in the area of biodiversity conservation by filling in the gaps and building
stronger institutional and legislative pillars for sustainable biodiversity conservation. The project
has three major components: (1) Protected area establishment and effective management, raising
the percentage of protected areas from 8% to 12% at the national level; (2) Biodiversity
mainstreaming through land use planning through a revised National Spatial Plan and Forest
Management Plans for High Conservation Value Forests (HCVF); (3) Implementation of pilot
projects implementing elements of these plans, in particular (i) first Red List Index and data
book, (ii) NTFP quotas in one region established, and (iii) local communities HCVF restoration
pilots.
Madagascar: Strengthening the Network of New Protected Areas in Madagascar (UNDP;
GEF-BD total: $3.9 million; Co-finance: $12.2 million; Total project cost: $16.1 million)
The "New Protected Areas" (NPAs) are part of the "Durban Vision" to reach 10% coverage of
protected areas of Malagasy territory. The NPAs are mostly IUCN Categories III, V and VI -
areas designed for the conservation and sustainable use of natural resources by the local
communities. This project will result in the permanent legal status and improved management
effectiveness of nine new PAs, covering 297,000 ha. The target areas will provide protection for
freshwater, terrestrial, marine and costal ecosystems, including previously under-represented
mangroves. This is the first GEF project in Madagascar specifically targeting areas for
conservation through management intervention and sustainable use of natural resources. The
provision of legal and stable access to natural resources to the communities in and around the
sites will be instrumental to ensure the long term sustainability of these areas.

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Madagascar: Conservation of Key Threatened Endemic and Economically Valuable
Species in Madagascar (UNEP; GEF-BD Total: $5.7 million; Co-finance: $14.0 million;
Total project cost: $19.7 million)
This project will deliver the following results: i) A participatory, species-based approach to
biodiversity conservation, ii) the improvement of the conservation status of 20 tree species and
the Madagascar Pond Heron, all species being of global and national significance, and endemic
and most of them threatened, iii) replicating the approach to other key species by means of
species-conservation strategies. The strategies will have been approved by the pertinent
government and non-government partners and will combine both scientific and technological
knowledge of targeted species with socioeconomic values. This project is an innovative approach
to conservation in Madagascar, as current and previous conservation efforts have been
concentrated around the creation and management of protected areas. This domestic innovative
approach to conservation engages the local population in the conservation and management of
the selected species inside and around the target protected areas.
Madagascar: A Landscape Approach to Conserving and Managing Threatened
Biodiversity in Madagascar with a Focus on the Atsimo-Andrefana Spiny and Dry Forest
Landscape (UNDP; GEF-BD Total: $5.3 million; Co-finance: $26.1 million; Total project
cost: $31.4 million)
The project will use a two-pronged approach. First, it will strengthen resource use governance at
the landscape level by developing and implementing a Landscape Level Land-Use Plan that
explicitly incorporates biodiversity conservation needs and prescribes land uses with a view to
mitigating threats, the BD LUP. This should result in the reduction of pressure to existing PAs
totaling 240,000 ha. Second, the project will work with local communities to strengthen
conservation on communal lands and addressing existing threats to biodiversity linked to
artisanal livelihoods and subsistence activities. The project will work to establish multi-use
“Community Conservation Areas” (CCAs), put in place the necessary institutional framework
for management, and install measures to ensure the sustainable utilization of wild resources. This
should result in at least 100,000 ha of CCAs and other community based areas, proclaimed in
biodiversity sensitive areas.
Mexico: Strengthening Management of the PA System to Better Conserve Endangered
Species and their Habitats (UNDP; GEF-BD total: $5.6 million; Co-finance: $30.7 million;
Total project cost: $36.3 million)
This project will seek to bolster and expand the country’s existing endangered species program
(in existence since 2007) by expanding the coverage of Mexico’s protected area system to cover
more of the selected species’ habitats, improving management of the protected areas, and
involving communities and the private sector in actions to safeguard these species and their
habitat outside of protected areas. This project represents one of the first times the GEF has
supported a comprehensive, nation-wide program focused on endangered species, including
action inside protected areas and engagement with private industry to mainstream endangered
species conservation into productive sectors. This project will create four new protected areas
bring an additional 100,000 ha under protection.

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Mexico: Strengthening of National Capacities for the Implementation of the Nagoya
Protocol (UNDP; GEF-BD Total: $2.3 million; Co-finance: $8.4 million; Total project cost:
$10.7 million)
In Mexico, there are a number of laws and regulations dealing with natural resources and the use
of genetic resources and traditional knowledge. Because these laws are not under a single
umbrella and not necessarily aligned with the requirements of the Nagoya Protocol, the entire
system does not provide the necessary legal certainty for users and providers of genetic resources
to engage in ABS agreements. This project will build the legal framework and enhance the
institutional capacity of national authorities to allow ABS agreements to take place under the
provisions of the Nagoya Protocol. This project will result in: i) A national strategy for the
conservation and use of genetic resources and associated traditional knowledge; ii) an ABS Bill;
iii) the strengthening of the national institutions in charge of administering the access and
monitoring of genetic resources under the provisions of the Nagoya Protocol; iv) community
protocols on ABS; and v) a traditional knowledge registry.
Myanmar: Strengthening Sustainability of Protected Area Management (UNDP; GEF-BD
Total: $6.1 million; Co-finance: $17.9 million; Total project cost: $24.0 million)
This project will strengthen the terrestrial system of national protected areas for biodiversity
conservation through enhanced representation, management effectiveness, monitoring,
enforcement and financing. It would create 7 new protected areas covering roughly 3,000,000 ha
and benefitting 100 threatened species. Pilot schemes for community participation will be
developed and implemented at 4 PA sites: Hukaung Valley and Hkakaborazi (both in Kachin
State), Hponkanrazi and Htamanthi (both in the Sagaing Region).
Panama: Sustainable Production Systems and Conservation of Biodiversity (WB; GEF-BD
Total: $9.6 million; Co-finance: $27.4 million; Total project cost: $37.0 million)
This project includes two main strategic components. The first will support the executing agency
(the National Environment Authority, or ANAM) to improve protected area management,
particularly through efforts to enhance long-term financial sustainability and to build
partnerships, targeting the private sector in particular (such as the Panama Canal Zone Authority)
for improved management of protected areas. The project will target ten protected areas and their
buffer zones. This project will support the establishment of a conservation trust fund that will
provide financing for protected area management. The second component will support
communities and small-scale producers to enhance their capacity for greater market access,
develop marketing strategies for their biodiversity-friendly products, and promote climate-smart
agriculture practices, while improving their quality of life, and reducing the development
pressure on protected areas. The project aims to work under a landscape approach (that includes
protected areas and their buffer zones within the Mesoamerican Biological Corridor) while
improving land-use practices, identification and conservation of ecosystem services, and
implementation of climate-smart and biodiversity-friendly production systems. A third important
component will support innovative effort in terms of knowledge generation, management, and
communication. It will strengthen the ANAM’s economic analytical unit to carry out studies on
the economic value of biodiversity and resulting ecosystem services so that decision makers on
land use and development planning are better informed. Such information will help build the
case for continued efforts to mainstream biodiversity and to increase financing for the protected

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area system. It will also support South-South cooperation and knowledge management with
other countries in the region on biodiversity-friendly production.
Philippines: RicePlus-Dynamic Conservation and Sustainable Use of Agro-biodiversity in
Rice-based Farming Systems (FAO; GEF-BD Total: $2.2 million; Co-finance: $9.2 million;
Total project cost: $11.4 million)
The Philippines home to more than 5,500 traditional rice varieties and their wild relatives.
Historically, agro-biodiversity has been created, managed and sustained by local communities.
The project aims to enhance and expand the dynamic conservation practices that sustain globally
significant agro-biodiversity in rice-based farming system of the Philippines. The project strategy
addresses threats to biodiversity from existing small-holder production practices while increasing
the viability of biodiversity-based land-uses. The project will overcome current governance and
market constraints by establishing procedures and coordination mechanisms to enhance inter-
ministerial collaboration and by developing a market-based incentive system to make agro-
biodiversity conservation economically profitable for local communities. The project will
notably support the recognition of 30,000 ha of land as Nationally Important Agriculture
Heritage and will expand the certification process for products contributing to the conservation
of agro-biodiversity.
Regional (Angola, Lesotho, Madagascar, Malawi, Mozambique, Congo DR): Multi-
Country Project to Strengthen Institutional Capacity on LMO Testing in Support of
National Decision-making (UNEP; GEF-BD Total: $3.9 million; Co-finance: $6.5 million;
Total project cost: $10.4 million)
The “Southern Africa Network of GMO Detection Laboratories” (SANGL), was establish as a
forum to learn and provide support for the laboratories accredited by the national biosafety
authorities, to support the implementation of the National Biosafety Frameworks of the member
countries of the South African Development Community (SADC). The Regional Agricultural
and Environmental Initiatives Network - Africa (RAEIN-Africa) allocated seed funding for
SANGL during the period 2009-2013 with the purpose of establishing the network. The network
requires assistance to continue building institutional capacity and information sharing
capabilities. This project will focus on those to key component. This project will result in: i) the
strengthening of the laboratories in the SANGL to provide LMO testing an analytical support to
national decision making process and related post approval monitoring activities; and ii) a web-
based network of LMO detection laboratories sharing information, resources, and experience
including mapping of specialized skills and areas or proficiency for different traits and
organisms.
Russian Federation: Conservation of Big Cats (WWF-US; GEF-BD Total: $12.7 million;
Co-finance: $60.0 million; Total project cost: $72.7)
This project will ensure the conservation of unique landscapes and ecosystems in the globally
important ecoregions in Russia, while maintaining big cats as keystone species. GEF support is
targeted at restoring and maintaining populations of big cats and their biodiverse habitats. It will
aim at mitigating threats and overcoming barriers which stand in the way of sustainable wildlife
and ecosystem management with special emphasis to achieve global environmental benefits in
three key eco-regions of Russia: the Russian Far East, the Altai-Sayan and the North Caucasus.

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The proposed project has three main components: 1) landscape level action and mainstreaming
biodiversity conservation; 2) improved management of protected areas and buffer zones with the
involvement of the surrounding communities; and 3) transboundary cooperation among the
countries within the identified ecoregions. The project will also be piloting market-based
certifications (Forest Stewardship Council - FSC), alternative livelihood activities through
sustainable use of natural resources (non-timber forest products and ecotourism) and the
introduction of fee-based schemes and payment for ecosystem services, while involving local
communities in conservation.
Seychelles: Seychelles' Protected Areas Finance Project (UNDP; GEF-BD Total: $2.8
million; Co-finance: $12.0 million; Total project cost: $14.8)
This project will support the gazetting of 7 new PAs in the Outer Islands (plus one privately
owned) and 3 in the Inner islands (2 privately owned), which will expand the PA system to
149,045 ha almost tripling the gazetted area. In addition, 15% of the marine area (a further
20,000,000 ha) is to be protected as a no-take zone, mostly in near-shore areas. This project will
result in the development of a protected area finance plan for the long-term sustainable financing
of the Protected Area system and an increased in the revenue generation for PA management.
This project would allow: i) the financial sustainability scorecard of the PA system to increase
from 27% to at least 50%; ii) the total budgets for the management of the current PA system to
increase by at least 150%; iii) the PA management capacity at individual, institutional and
systemic levels to reach 75% in the score card from a baseline of 60% in 2013; iv) the total
annual revenue for protected area management mobilized to increase by at least 150%; v) the
percentage of own annual revenue collection to reach at least 80% from a baseline of 0%; and vi)
the financing gap for basic management of the expanded PA system to be reduced to close to $0.
South Africa: Mainstreaming Biodiversity into Land Use Regulation and Management at
the Municipal Scale (UNDP; GEF-BD Total: $8.2 million; Co-finance: $42.0 million; Total
project cost: $50.2 million)
This project will allow South Africa to mitigate multiple threats to biodiversity by increasing the
capabilities of authorities and land owners to regulate land use and manage biodiversity in
threatened ecosystems at the municipal scale. This project will support biodiversity conservation
in 323,148 ha of productive landscapes in the Fynbos, Succulent Karoo, Albany Thicket,
Grassland, and Savannah biomes. The project will improve land use management, permitting and
enforcement through a land use management and permitting system incorporates criteria to
prevent/mitigate and offset direct impacts on biodiversity. This project will also promote
conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity on private and communal land through: i)
enhancing conservation security for endangered medicinal plant species; ii) reducing the rate of
loss of priority biodiversity areas and unsustainable utilization of threatened and protected
species; iii) reducing the extent of degradation resulting from extensive incompatible land uses
e.g. overstocking; and iv) increasing the production landscapes in target municipalities under
internationally or nationally recognized certification schemes that incorporate biodiversity
considerations
Sri Lanka: Enhancing Biodiversity Conservation and Sustenance of Ecosystem Services in
Environmentally Sensitive Areas (UNDP; GEF-BD Total: $2.6 million; Co-finance: $11.5
million; Total project cost: $14.1 million)

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The project will operationalize a new land use government framework in Sri Lanka, known as
the Environmentally Sensitive Areas (ESAs) as a vehicle for safeguarding globally significant
biodiversity on production lands of high interest for conservation. Using land use planning and
management framework as the entry point, the project aims to optimize land management and
ensure the compatibility of multiple land uses across landscapes designated as ESAs with
biodiversity needs. The project will put in place the necessary land use planning and government
frameworks and establish compliance monitoring and enforcement systems to ensure that
production practices in the ESAs (particularly agriculture and tourism sectors) are balanced with
conservation and development objectives. The first project component focuses on the
development of enabling framework (e.g. governance structure, and land use planning and
management framework), while the second component focuses on the application of the ESA
management in the Galoya and Kukukkan basin in the southeastern region of the country, known
for its biodiversity and ecological significance. The key results of the project include: a) highly
biodiversity rich areas in ESA regions (total at least 315,000 ha) brought under conservation and
management and result in increased ecosystem connectivity and resilience; b) enhanced
protection and reduced threats that ensure populations of key species such as sloth bear, leopard,
and Torque monkey remain stable or increase; c) at least 50,000 ha of critical biodivirsity areas
declared as "no-go-zone" with maximum protection; and d) biodiversity friendly business under
implementation (e.g. agriculture and tourism) in three districts resulting in reduced conversion
rates of natural habitat, improved incomes and socio-economic situation, providing as an
incentive for conservation.
Sri Lanka: Implementation of the National Biosafety Framework in Accordance with the
Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety (CPB) (FAO; GEF-BD Total: $2.4 million; Co-finance:
$2.4 million; Total project cost: $4.7 million)
The project aims at the effective implementation of the National Biosafety Framework in
conformity with the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety (CPB). Specifically, this project will result
in: i) enhanced capacity to develop, implement and coordinate biosafety legislation and
regulations; ii) fully functional Administrative systems for biosafety; iii) an operational National
Biosafety Clearing House (BCH); iv) national institutions strengthen for Risk Assessment, Risk
Management, and Risk Communication; v) Laboratories fully operational with the necessary
infrastructures to carry out risk assessment, and detection of LMOs; and vi) enhanced awareness,
education and public participation in decision-making on biosafety.

St. Kitts and Nevis: Conserving Biodiversity and Reducing Habitat Degradation in
Protected Areas and their Buffer Zones (UNDP; GEF-BD Total: $3.4 million; Co-finance:
$14.2 million; Total project cost: $17.6 million)
This project will yield important benefits for the protected area estate of St. Kitts and Nevis. It
will more than double the size of the protected areas estate of St. Kitts from 5,275 hectares to
over 12,714 hectares, through the creation of 3 new protected areas. In addition, it will improve
the management effectiveness and financial sustainability of existing areas. It will finance
sustainable financing plans for the three new PAs. It will protect several rare and threatened
terrestrial species.

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Swaziland: Strengthening the National Protected Areas System of Swaziland (UNDP; GEF-
BD Total: $5.5 million; Co-finance: $25.0 million; Total project cost: $30.5 million)
This project will allow the Government of Swaziland to increase and strengthen management
effectiveness of the protected area system. The project will increase the management
effectiveness of over 70,000 ha of currently gazetted PAs and in over 20,000 ha of areas
currently protected but not gazetted, and it will create and manage protected areas in 1,200 ha of
unprotected land. The project has three components: policy reform and improvement of
knowledge management of the PA system; protected area expansion; and the strengthening of
new and existing Protected Areas

Tanzania: Enhancing the Forest Nature Reserves Network for Biodiversity Conservation in
Tanzania (UNDP; GEF-BD Total: $4.2 million; Co-finance: $17.5 million; Total project
cost: $21.7 million)
This project will allow the Government to expand, financially secure and strengthen the
management of Tanzania’s Forest Nature Reserve network. Specifically, this project will expand
the Forest Nature Reserve Network from 5 to 11 sites to 305,600 ha (increase of 118,369 ha).
This expansion will conserve a representative sample of the four major high forest types in
Tanzania - Guinea-Congolian, Eastern Arc, Southern Highlands and Coastal Forests. This project
will also lead to an increase of 200% in the operational budget allocated to 11 Forest Nature
Reserves.
Turkey: Conservation and Sustainable Management of Turkey's Steppe Ecosystems (FAO;
GEF-BD Total: $2.4 million; Co-finance: $8.7 million; Total project cost: $11.2 million)
This project will improve the conservation and effective management of steppe ecosystems of
through the creation of new protected areas, enhance the management of existing PAs and
streamline biodiversity conservation into the production landscape. This project will result in: i)
A new steppe protected area of 10,000 ha established in the Karacadag region; ii) enhanced
management of the 20,000 ha Kizilkuyu Wildlife Development Area; iii) biodiversity
conservation streamlined in at least 50,000 ha of steppe biome declared as buffer zone around the
new protected area; iv) improved management of 2,229,000 ha of steppe biome in the Anatolian
region; and v) improved capacity of at least 750 staff in and around the target protected area. The
project will promote innovative measures (community based approaches, landscape approaches)
in Turkey for the conservation and management of the steppe habitat and species in order to
combat existing threats and barriers, support cooperation and collaboration among existing
stakeholders, and increase the capacity and supporting services provided by the ecosystems
targeted. Site level management approaches will be carried out and landscape-level conservation
planning and management will be developed by stakeholders for Karacadag steppe ecosystem,
and species protection action plan for focal steppe species (Goittered gazelle, great bustard,
lathyrus, wild wheat species) in Kızılkuyu Wildlife Development Area.

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ANNEX 10: SUMMARY DESCRIPTIONS OF MEDIUM-SIZE PROJECTS IN THE BIODIVERSITY FOCAL
AREA APPROVED DURING THE REPORTING PERIOD

Algeria: Framework on Access to Genetic Resources and Related Benefit Sharing and
Traditional Knowledge in Line with the CBD and Its Nagoya Protocol in Algeria (UNDP;
GEF-BD: $2.0 million; Co-finance: $4.2 million; Total cost: $6.2 million)
While the protocol has not yet been ratified, a national law providing a general guiding
framework on the use of biological resources was drafted and approved by the Council of
Ministers in December 2013, and is currently under discussion in the National Assembly with a
view of adoption. This project will build on that legislative initiative to consolidate actions to
conserve and sustainably use genetic resources and related traditional knowledge through the
development and implementation of the main provisions of the protocol on access and benefit
sharing. The project will result in: i) A national policy, legal and institutional framework to
enable the implementation of the Nagoya Protocol and the conservation and valuation of genetic
resources; and ii) Building and strengthening the capacity of national research and regulatory
institutions to apply ABS rules and principles. The newly designed ABS framework should
facilitate and streamline the negotiation and development of ABS contracts compliant with the
CBD requirements on Prior Informed Consent (PIC), Mutually Agreed Terms (MAT) and
benefit-sharing with local populations. The ABS framework is expected to mobilize monetary
and non-monetary benefits for biodiversity conservation.

Armenia: Enhancing Livelihoods in Rural Communities through Mainstreaming and

Strengthening Agricultural Biodiversity Conservation and Utilization (UNEP; GEF-BD
total: $883 thousand; Co-finance: $3.7 million; Total project cost: $4.6 million)
The project's objective is to enhance conservation and sustainable use of agro-biodiversity in
Armenia for improved rural livelihoods through the following main components: (i) improving
the national capacity and institutional framework; (ii) mainstreaming agricultural biodiversity;
and (iii) improving market opportunities for agro-biodiversity products. The main outputs are
better coordination mechanisms at policy level, enhanced capacity at all levels, guidelines and
standards, and the development of marketing programs for certified and non-certified products.
Pilot sites for on-site trials will be established in the Ararat Valley, the Sevan Basin, and the
Zanggezur region. The project will establish a wide network of farmers, researchers and
extension workers, value chain actors, skilled in community biodiversity management that will
greatly empower local communities.
Bahamas: Strengthening Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS) (UNEP; GEF-BD total: $1.9
million; Co-finance: $1.6 million; Total project cost: $3.5 million)
This project will assist The Bahamas ratifying and implement the Nagoya Protocol, and pursuing
ABS agreements between users and providers of genetic materials found in marine organisms.
The project would build on existing agreements with the private sector an on the capacity of
national research and bio-prospecting institutions. The interest of the Government of the
Bahamas comes from the realization that marine organisms in the Bahamian Exclusive
Economic Zone (EEZ) have been and will continue to be, an epicenter for bios-prospecting. This
project will result in: i) a National Strategy and accession to the Nagoya Protocol; ii) increased

81
understanding of the national benefits to be accrued through ABS; iii) national ABS legal
framework adopted; iv) strengthened national institutional capacity for implementaion of the
national ABS framework; and v) at least one new ABS agreement that recognizes Prior Informed
Consent (PIC) and Mutually Agreed Terms (MAT).
Cameroon: Sustainable Farming and Critical Habitat Conservation to Achieve
Biodiversity Mainstreaming and Protected Areas Management Effectiveness in Western
Cameroon SUFACHAC (UNEP; GEF-BD Total: $1.8 million; Co-finance: $7.0 million;
Total project cost: $8.8 million)
The project, based on a landscape management approach, will develop and implement a
sustainable farming program targeting both large and small holders and plantation and
subsistence farmers to reduce pressure on protected areas and enhance food security across the
targeted sites. First, the project will strengthen the management capacity of the Bakossi-Banyang
Protected Areas Network (983,200 ha) and will create two new protected areas (11,528 ha) in
order to better protect the habitat of key species such as gorillas, chimpanzees, elephants, and
pangolins. Second, the project will develop three spatial land use plans for the buffer zones of the
targeted protected areas and will introduce incentives to encourage local farmers to adopt
sustainable production practices.
Cameroon: A Bottom Up Approach to ABS: Community Level Capacity Development for
Successful Engagement in ABS Value Chains in Cameroon (Echinops giganteus) (UNDP;
GEF-BD: $500 thousand; GEF-NPIF: $440 thousand; Co-finance: $1.1 million; Total cost:
$2.0 million)
The objective of this project is to build the capacity of Indigenous Peoples and local
communities (ILCs) in Cameroon to better engage in the negotiations with users of genetic
resources. This project will result in the capacity of indigenous and local communities’ in
Cameroon to better engage with users of genetic resources by strengthening the value chains of
products derived from the plants Echinops giganteus in Cameroon. This species is of interest to
the fragrance and flavor sectors. The experiences derived from the pilot will be used in the
national legislation and regulatory frameworks governing ABS in Cameroon. The ILCs will
participate in ABS-compliant value chains based on genetic resources and associated traditional
knowledge. This project will allow these communities to directly engage with the users of
genetic resources and negotiate the access to the genetic resources and the terms for sharing the
benefits derived from their utilization.

China: Payment for Watershed Services in the Chishui River Basin for the Conservation of
Globally Significant Biodiversity (UNDP; GEF-BD Total: $2.0 million; Co-finance: $16.0
million; Total project cost: $18.0 million)
The project aims to trigger a shift to conservation-compatible land uses in the biodiversity rich
Chishui River Basin in the Guizhou Province of China by using payment for watershed services
(PWS) to provide additional incentives to create the desired changes in land use by both the
private and public sectors. Working with major beverage company, the project will test the PWS
model PWS for the first time in China, introducing market-oriented PWS mechanisms for
conservation. The project will promote business agreements between buyers (industry) and
sellers (upstream farmers) of ecosystem services (the stable flow of quality water), while

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integrating watershed services considerations in local land use plans. The implementation of the
PWS scheme will mainstream biodiversity conservation and sustainable use in upstream farming
area and the middle stream liquor production sector of Chishui River, covering an area of
670,000 ha directly. With the coordination with the provincial and municipal governments, the
project is aimed to systematically scale up the PWS across the Chishui watershed.
Congo: Creation of Loungo Bay Marine Protected Area to Support Turtles Conservation
in Congo (UNDP; GEF-BD: $767 thousand; Co-finance: $2.6 million; Total cost: $3.4
million)
The area targeted by the project is recognized as the second most important area of the nesting
for two Endangered sea turtle species. Significant work is done by the government and local
NGOs to reduce the major threats but the results need to be scaled-up. The project will support
the creation of the first MPA in Congo that will not only expand the national PA network but
also encourage the country to increase the number of MPA inside its waters. The project will
support the protection of a unique nesting and feeding areas of 5 marine turtles by improving
local and national awareness and promoting economic activities that have limited impact on
marine biodiversity. With the turtles as a flagship species, the project aims to return broad
ecological and financial benefits in areas where both turtles and local communities are in most
need of assistance.

Dominica: Supporting Sustainable Ecosystems by Strengthening the Effectiveness of

Dominica’s Protected Areas System (UNDP; GEF-BD total: $1.7; Co-finance: $9.2 million;
Total project cost: $10.9 million)
This project focuses on supports Dominica’s national park system remains and provides for the
creation of a centralized management unit for national parks rather than having management
responsibilities dispersed across the government. In particular, this project focuses on Morne
Trois Pitons NP (MTPNP) which is a UNESCO World Heritage site that currently lacks
dedicated staff or a buffer zone (the latter a requirement for World Heritage sites). This project
will work with landholders in the buffer zone to implement more environmentally friendly
activities including planting fast growing trees to reduce cutting for charcoal and agricultural
practices to reduce soil run-off.
Gabon: Implementation of National Strategy and Action Plan on Access to Genetic
Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits Accruing From Their Utilization
(UNDP; GEF-NPIF: $913 thousand; Co-finance: $1.8 million; Total cost: $2.7 million)
The objective of this project is to put in place the basic legal and administrative requirements to
comply with the Nagoya Protocol, to make the protocol known among the relevant
constituencies, and to make it operational by providing access to potential users of genetic
resources. This project will result in: 1) Implementation of ABS Measures: i) development and
validation of Legislative and Administrative measures: i) ABS procedural tools (PIC, MAT,
manual) for ABS process for benefit sharing, ii) legislation and regulations with provisions for
dispute resolution mechanism, protection of Traditional Knowledge, Innovation and Practices
and agreements for transfer of genetic/biological materials. 2) Strengthened the capacity for
implementation by means of: i) A National Advisory Committee, ii) A Center of biodiversity
Information exchange, iii) identification of check points for biological and genetic resources. 3)
Training and public awareness campaigns: (i) Communication, Education, Participation and
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Awareness (CEPA) sessions on Nagoya Protocol, iii) stakeholders in local communities and
management personnel in Customs Administration and Ministry of Water and Forests trained on
ABS procedures.

Gambia: Gambia Protected Areas Network and Community Livelihood Project (UNEP:
5529; GEF-BD total: $1.3 million; Co-finance: $4.8 million; Total project cost: $6.1 million)
There are nine legally established protected areas in Gambia, covering 6% of the national
territory; however the biodiversity status is under threat: only 3.5% of land remains under
primary forest cover and protected areas are experiencing important and increasing exploitation
pressures from local populations. The GEF project complements ongoing initiatives by focusing
on expand and better connect the cluster of three protected areas and introduce biodiversity-
friendly natural resources into productive landscapes and thereby reduce the pressures local
communities exert on PA system. The project will focus on guaranteeing the maintenance of
services provided by protected areas, including by improving their management effectiveness.
The project targets increasing PA coverage by 23% to ensure the conservation of globally
threatened species, including East Atlantic Flyways and wintering ground and the habitat of the
Guinea Baboon. The project will also initiate concrete collaboration with large scale projects to
integrate the challenges of biodiversity loss into agricultural development.
Global: Fighting Against Wildlife Poaching and Illegal Trade in Africa: the Case of
African Elephants (WB; GEF-BD Total: $2.0 million; Co-finance: $1.8 million; Total
project cost: $3.8 million)
This project will support the following activities: i) analytical studies, country diagnosis and
regional strategies to combat elephant poaching and illegal ivory trade; ii) building alliances to
combat wildlife crime including parliamentarians, anti-money laundering groups and other
constituencies; iii) building alliances with scientific institutions to improve DNA testing of
seized ivory samples as well as isotope testing and with regional networks for training to reduce
poaching; and iv) designing a larger multi-GEF Agency program to address the threat of wildlife
poaching and illegal trade, specifically targeted for African elephants for support from future
GEF investments.
Global: Support to GEF Eligible Countries for Achieving Aichi Biodiversity Target 17
Through a Globally Guided NBSAPs Update Process (UNEP/UNDP; GEF-BD total: $1.7
million; Co-finance: $2.0 million; Total project cost: $3.7 million)
When done well, NBSAPs are important forums for discussions about mainstreaming
biodiversity in development and developing systematic conservation plans that can be used by
the GEF and other institutions. One major challenge for quality is the lack of capacity on many
of these issues in many countries; the potential solutions of hiring foreign consultants or
significant support from UNDP or UNEP for each process are expensive and one-off and do not
build long term capacity. This project seeks to use a small investment to support the
improvement in the quality of NBSAPs and develop capacity through mechanisms such as
learning modules and templates that can be re-used and translated. The expert guidance provided
by the team and the roster of experts will help improve the quality of NBSAPs to make the most
of the GEF's investments. The CBD will take over maintenance and updating of the website and
these learning materials after the project is completed.

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Global: Parks, People, Planet: Protected Areas as Solutions to Global Challenges (UNDP;
GEF-BD total: $1.8 million; Co-finance: $4.5 million; Total project cost: $6.3 million)
The goal of the project is to improve the sustainability and performance of protected area
systems, in line with the quality components of the CBD Aichi Targets, and to ensure that
protected areas are mainstreamed into key development sectors. The project aims to strengthen
the capacity for effective management and equitable governance of an ecologically
representative global network of protected areas. Three concrete outcomes are envisioned
through the project: i) Knowledge uptake on PAs, facilitated by the strategic platform for
development & learning, provided by the World Parks Congress 2014, as well as through
training provided via learning networks, enhances and accelerates the implementation of the
PoWPA and CBD Strategic Plan for Biodiversity; ii) Global learning and technical content
development on key protected area issues are enhanced and contribute to practical solutions to
current and emerging challenges worldwide; iii) PAs assume a more prominent position within
the development policy, economic strategy and human well-being agendas. A compendium of
solutions and case studies will be widely disseminated, including online, that demonstrate
innovative ways of operating and managing protected areas more sustainably.

Global: Rhino Impact Bonds An Innovative Financing Mechanism for Site-Based

Rhinoceros Conservation (UNDP; GEF-BD total: $1.7 million; Co-finance: $5.2 million;
Total project cost: $6.9 million)
This project will create an innovative financing mechanism to scale-up site-based rhinoceros
protection that can be applied across priority rhinoceros populations, globally. This project will
result in diversified sustainable financing for rhinoceros conservation sites through creation of a
Rhino Impact Bond mechanism as well as rhinoceros conservation improved at up to 5 selected
sites as a demonstration of the voluntary guidelines (and investment process). The project will
demonstrate that Rhino impact bonds are an innovative way to address the barrier of a lack of
sustainable and large-scale finance by harnessing novel sources of sustainable finance for
conservation. The idea behind a social/development impact bond is that long-term donor funding
commitments are used to leverage private investment on the basis that if outcomes are verifiably
achieved then investors will be paid back (potentially with interest) by the donor. Results of this
project could break new ground in conservation finance and be replicable in many different
scenarios. At the least, if the proof of concept is established, then this can be replicated in other
situations where specific species are under threat.
Global: Alliance for Zero Extinction (AZE): Conserving Earth's Most Irreplaceable Sites
for Endangered Biodiversity (UNEP; GEF-BD total: $2.0 million; Co-finance: $4.4 million;
Total project cost: $6.4 million)
This project will result in the creation and improved management effectiveness of protected
areas covering 120,000 ha and improved conservation status of: a bird Merulaxis stresemanni; 6
frogs - Eupsophus spp, Boophis sp, Mantidactylus spp., Insuetophrynus sp.; a day gecko
Phelsuma sp.; and a snake Liophidium sp. - new to science. Interventions will occur at a total of
five demonstration sites in Brazil, Chile, and Madagascar. This will then be scaled up globally at
an additional 10 sites covering an additional 40,000 ha. The project design will include strategies
and activities to ensure sustainability at the site level through (i) increasing site-management
effectiveness; (ii) maximizing ecosystem services; and (iii) generating socio-economic benefits

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for surrounding community groups. At the national level, activities to ensure sustainability
include: (i) training and awareness raising activities, (ii) development of national AZE strategies;
(iii) long term financing and sustainability plans for AZE strategy implementation. At the global
level: (i) tools made available to integrate AZE priorities into lending and planning for
mobilizing funds from sustainable sources, and; (ii) developing realistic strategies for future
activities.
Global: Mainstreaming Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Management in
Priority Socio Ecological Production Landscapes and Seascapes (CI; GEF-BD total: $1.9
million; Co-finance: $5.8 million; Total project cost: $7.7 million)
The International Partnership on Satoyama Initiative (IPSI) was launched in 2010 as a global
network of governments, CSOs, private sectors, international organizations, indigenous and local
communities, and others to maintain and enhance sustainable use of biodiversity in these
ecologically and culturally important landscapes and seascapes, which is termed as "socio-
ecological production landscapes and seascapes (SEPLS)." These landscapes and seascapes -
and the sustainable practices and traditional knowledge they embody - are increasingly
threatened globally. The GEF finance is focused on improving on-the-ground management of
the SEPLS in priority globally important biodiversity areas. The project will also support
enhancing the global knowledge management platform, which will generate and synthesize
knowledge products and tools related to mainstreaming biodiversity conservation and sustainable
use from these demonstration and other related projects. The project includes the following three
complimentary components: 1) enhanced conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity and
ecosystem services in priority SEPLS through investing in demonstration projects; 2) improved
knowledge generation and management to increase understanding, awareness and promote
mainstreaming biodiversity in production landscapes and seascapes; 3) improved inter-sectoral
collaboration and capacity to maintain, restore, and revitalize social and ecological values in
priority SEPLS.
Global: Protected Areas Planning in the Era of Climate Change (PAPEC) (WWF; GEF-BD
total: $1.8 million; Co-finance: $2.5 million; Total project cost: $4.3 million)
The project seeks to make the global protected areas network more robust to climate change by
providing high priority countries with the assessments and data needed to improve national
planning and management of terrestrial protected areas. As such it fills a global need for
actionable information on climate change impacts to protected areas and will help countries
continue to generate global environmental benefits from their protected area estate, thus helping
safeguard and sustain current and future global investments in these areas.
Global: Transboundary Cooperation for Snow Leopard and Ecosystem Conservation
(UNDP; GEF-BD: $1 million; Co-finance: $4.5 million; Total cost: $5.6 million)
An international platform has been established among the range countries and partners to
strengthen coordination and cooperation to conserve the snow leopard and the priority
landscapes, under a set of global and national programs that have been developed through a
multi-stakeholder consultation process. The project is aimed to strengthen conservation of snow
leopard and its habitat, particularly transboundary landscapes. The project is envisioned to
produce the following outcomes: 1) Knowledge sharing: Increased understanding of approach
and tools required to address key gaps for successful transboundary SL landscape management

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and protection, including effective law enforcement; 2) Monitoring framework: global and
national monitoring frameworks established in ensuring reduction in threats and stable snow
leopard population; 3) Resource mobilization and partnership: Increased resource leveraged for
snow leopard conservation, including private sector.

Global: Knowledge for Action: Promoting Innovation Among Environmental Funds

(UNEP; GEF-BD: $913 thousand; Co-finance: $2.5 million; Total cost: $3.4 million)
Since the establishment of the first Conservation Trust Funds/Environmental Funds (EFs) in the
early 90s, EFs have proven successful in providing stable and sustainable funding sources by
effectively managing income from investments and leveraging those finance to secure grants and
other funds for biodiversity conservation projects. This project will enhance EFs' conditions to
innovate in the design, test, and adoption of new financial mechanisms, while increasingly
working with private sector funding for conservation. Enhanced EFs through this project is
expected to lead to improvement in conserving globally significant biodiversity, as it will
leverage additional funding and increased resources for national and regional conservation
programs, including strengthening protected area systems. The project components will include:
1) Innovative seed fund: a competitive innovation grants to EFs to test and disseminate
successful innovative financing mechanisms, particularly with involvement of private sector, to
diversify and increase finance for biodiversity conservation; 2) Peer to Peer Mentoring program -
an innovative mentoring program between EFs to enhance capacity of EF management and
operation; 3) Environmental funds solutions database: an EFs database to document learning and
effectively promote knowledge sharing on tools and approaches that are critical for EF
management and operation.

Global: Supply Change Securing Food Sustaining Forests (UNEP; GEF-BD: $2.0 million;
Co-finance: $2.7 million; Total cost: $4.7 million)
The project aims to apply proven market-tracking methodologies and expertise in public and
private finance to inform and influence production of deforestation free and sustainable
commodities. This project will inform the integration of public policies and private finance in
order to mainstream biodiversity and ecosystem conservation in production landscapes. The
project takes advantage of recent commitments made by public and private sector actors to
address commodity driven deforestation. However, to turn these commitments into action
requires a degree of market certainty and transparency which is currently absent. Information
about the drivers, impacts, costs, and infrastructure of sustainable commodity production and
sourcing is incomplete and little data exists on monetary and other benefits, scale and rate of
change of the market for sustainable commodities. The project will provide a platform to
convene, share experience, showcase new programs, make public commitments, and influence
and achieve consensus about industry best practice, as well as to generate positive international
exposure for successful early action. The project will provide objective information and analysis
to support decision-making around sustainable commodity sourcing and production. It will also
assess opportunities to support the development of sustainable agricultural production through
interventions that incentivize and scale up improved production practices alongside direct
conservation.

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Guyana: Enhancing Biodiversity Protection through Strengthened Monitoring,
Enforcement and Uptake of Environmental Regulations in Guyana's Gold Mining Sector
(UNDP; GEF-BD: $804 thousand; Co-finance: $3.5 million; Total cost: $4.3 million)
The project objective is to strengthen monitoring and implementation of biodiversity-friendly
practices in Guyana's gold mining sector to reduce biodiversity loss and maintain ecosystem
functionality for the benefit of all Guyanese. This will be achieved through the following two
Outcomes: 1) Enabling environment for monitoring and enforcement of environmental
regulations and codes of practice strengthened and 2) Enhanced capacities for uptake of mining
practices that promote biodiversity conservation. The project outcomes will be achieved by
strengthening EPA's role in oversight of mining practices, enhancing inter-institutional
cooperation, increasing satellite tracking of mining activities and building field officer capacity
in monitoring and enforcement and BD issues. In addition, the project will integrate BD in the
Mining School programs and provide user-friendly material and seminars to enable miners to
understand the regulatory framework in place and best practices to improve BD conservation in
gold mining.

Iraq: Initial Steps for the Establishment of the National Protected Areas Network (UNEP;
GEF-BD total: $1.2 million; Co-finance: $3.5 million; Total project cost: $4.7 million)
Iraq is now in the process of establishing the legal and institutional frameworks for biodiversity
conservation after acceding to the CBD in 2009. The project will help develop critical
professional capacity at national level, support the Ministry of Environment's mandate in
biodiversity conservation and protected areas management, set priorities and initiate pilot on-the-
ground conservation action for the establishment of the first National Protected Areas. The
investments will result in: i) the design of Protected Areas System and institutional
strengthening; ii) the development of the essential infrastructure, staff, equipment and initial
management plans of two new protected areas - Dalmaj marshes (100,000 ha) in Qadissiya and
Wasit governorates, and Teeb area in Maysan governorate (124,000 ha); and iii) public
awareness to improve the level of understanding of the conservation values provided by a viable
protected area network.

Liberia: Improve Sustainability of Mangrove Forests and Coastal Mangrove Areas in

Liberia through Protection, Planning and Livelihood Creation- as a Building Block
Towards Liberia’s Marine and Costal Protected Areas (CI; GEF-BD total: $1.8 million;
Co-finance: $2.5 million; Total project cost: $4.3 million)
The project will secure the conservation of mangrove and increase the coverage of protected area
and strengthening the management of surrounding buffer zones. This project will take advantage
of current investments in terrestrial conservation through the protected areas network
strengthening protection and ensuring the conservation of marine species of global importance.
The project objective is to help the national and local governments to (i) protect at least 5% of
priority mangrove forests, (ii) provide a reliable source of financing for the management of the
targeted PAs, and (iii) strengthen the capacity of local communities and government to assume a
leadership role for the management and the expansion conservation agreements.

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Malaysia: Developing and Implementing a National Access and Benefit Sharing
Framework (UNDP; GEF-BD total: $2.0 million; Co-finance: $5.8 million; Total project
cost: $7.8 million)
This project would allow Malaysia to strengthen the conservation and sustainable use of
biological and genetic resources by developing the national framework for the ratification and
implementation of the Nagoya Protocol. In addition to fulfilling the provisions of the Nagoya
Protocol, Malaysia is using this project to advance pilot projects on bioprospecting, ii) Prior
Informed Consent processes (PIC) with indigenous and local communities and dissemination of
best practices on ABS agreements at regional level. This project will result in: i) a national
regulatory and institutional framework on ABS consistent with the Nagoya Protocol; ii) capacity
building for national and state competent authorities and related agencies for ABS
implementation; iii) at least 2 ABS pilot agreements negotiated for specific bio-prospecting
activities with fair and equitable benefit sharing provisions; iv) at least 3 Prior Informed Consent
(PIC) processes with indigenous and local communities implemented in accordance with the
planned community protocols, and v) the dissemination of best practice pilot ABS agreements
and PIC processes at regional level.

Malaysia: Mainstreaming of Biodiversity Conservation into River Management (UNDP;

GEF-BD total: $1.5 million; Co-finance: $7.5 million; Total project cost: $9.0 million)
The project aims to improve river planning and management practice and to provide an effective
mechanism for engaging local communities as well as private sector in the maintenance of
riverine biodiversity and development of sustainable livelihoods. The project builds on existing
initiatives and on the gradually emerging political awareness of the importance of river
ecosystems conservation. The project will overcome current governance challenges by setting up
an inter-agency coordination mechanism with clear jurisdiction of concerned agencies,
modalities for coordinated enforcement and compliance monitoring mechanisms. There will be
strong engagement of local communities and private sector in all three project sites. The project
will contribute to the protection of 17,000 ha of biodiversity-rich catchment forest and the
development of public-private-community partnership for the management of conservation areas.
Mauritania: Stocktaking and Update of National Biosafety Framework of Mauritania
(UNEP; GEF-BD total: $1.4 million; Co-finance: $7.5 million; Total project cost: $8.9
million)
The objective of this project is to assist Mauritania to update and implement the draft National
Biosafety Framework (NBF) developed in the Pilot Phase. This project will result in: i) a
stocktaking analysis of the relevant policies, legislation, and institutional capacity to implement
the NBF; ii) the development of a biosafety policy and governance system (institutional
arrangements and administrative procedures) to comply with the measures of the CPBl; and ii)
the increased public awareness and improve information flow to the public regarding the
transfer, handling and use of LMOs.

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Moldova: Mainstreaming Biodiversity Conservation into Territorial Planning Policies and
Land-Use Practices (UNDP; GEF-BD Total: $958 thousand; Co-finance: $4.9 million;
Total project cost: $5.8 million)
This project will remove the existing barriers to mainstream biodiversity priorities into
Moldova’s district territorial planning policies and land-use practices. The first component of
this project is the development of a land use planning and enforcement system that addresses
biodiversity loss, focusing on a key barrier related to the content of spatial plans addressing
biodiversity values. Regulations will be developed on the identification of vulnerable species,
habitats and ecosystem goods and services during land-use planning, and legal requirements will
be put in place for the integration of biodiversity aspects into approved land use (spatial) plans.
The second component involves the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity on private
and communal land. The project will test models of biodiversity compatible spatial planning and
land use. It will develop biodiversity-compatible district spatial (land-use) plans in two districts,
relying on cross-sectoral working groups.
Morocco: Developing a National Framework on Access to and Benefit-Sharing of Genetic
Resources and Traditional Knowledge as a Strategy to Contribute to the Conservation and
Sustainable Use of Biodiversity in Morocco (UNDP; GEF-BD total: $813 thousand; Co-
financing: $1.4 million; Total project cost: $2.2 million)
This project will result in the development and implementation of a national framework on
Access and Benefit Sharing under the provisions of the Nagoya Protocol. Specifically, this
project will: i) develop the legal and regulatory framework on ABS; ii) strengthen the
institutional capacity to operate the framework; iii) build a system for the protection of
traditional knowledge; iv) train the Competent Authorities, Focal Points and related agency staff;
iii) development of templates, guidance and training programs on the national ABS framework;
iv) develop ABS model agreements to facilitate negotiations between users and providers; and v)
design and disseminate public awareness materials.
Philippines: Strengthening National Systems to Improve Governance and Management of
Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities Conserved Areas and Territories (UNDP;
GEF-BD: $1.8 million; Co-finance: $5.0 million; Total cost: $6.8 million)
The project will strengthen national systems to improve governance and management of
Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities Conserved Areas (ICCAs) and Territories key
biodiversity sites. ICCAs are an important complement to official protected area systems. Both
strict preservation and sustainable use can be effectively enforced by indigenous peoples and
local communities, while practical/economical efficient. The project will support legal and
regulatory framework and administrative procedures that harmonize the mandates, plans and
activities amongst all key stakeholders such as NCIP, PAWB, BFAR and relevant local
government units are established and effectively implemented for the identification, mapping,
recognition and management of ICCAs. In addition, it will support Expansion of landscapes and
seascapes under effective protection through enhanced governance and management capacity of
targeted ICCAs, including the expansion of the national PA estate to cover an additional 100,000
ha of recognized terrestrial and marine/coastal ICCAs.

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Regional: Advancing the Nagoya protocol in countries of the Caribbean Region (UNEP;
GEF-BD total: $1.8 million; Co-finance: $1.9 million; Total project cost: $3.7 million)
This project seeks uptake of the Nagoya Protocol among Government Agencies and local
communities and implement basic measures of the Nagoya Protocol so proper access to genetic
resources is given and benefits are shared between users and providers of these resources. This
project will result in: i) a scoping study and analysis to identify common assets, issues and needs
among participating countries ii) uptake of the Nagoya Protocol by National authorities and local
communities in order to take informed decisions and steps towards the ratification of the
protocol; iii) establishment an enabling environment and implementing basic measures of the
Nagoya Protocol; and iv) regional coordination and sharing of information.
Regional (Cameroon, Namibia): A Bottom Up Approach to ABS Community Level
Capacity Development for Successful Engagement in ABS Value Chains in Cameroon
Echinops giganteus and Namibia Commiphora wildii (UNDP; GEF-BD total: $972
thousand; Co-finance: $1.1 million; Total project cost: $2.1 million)
One of the most challenging aspects for the compliance with the provisions of the Nagoya
Protocol in developing countries is the role of indigenous and local communities (ILCs) in the
value chains linking them with the users of genetic resources. Challenges include the
development of adequate processes for the Prior Informed Consent, local capacities for the
negotiation of Mutually Agreed Terms and related ABS contracts, valorization of genetic
resources, and general awareness of the rights under national laws and the Protocol. The
objective of this project is to build the capacity of Indigenous Peoples and local communities
(ILCs) in Cameroon and Namibia to better engage in the negotiations with users of genetic
resources. This project will result in the capacity of indigenous and local communities’ in
Cameroon and Namibia to better engage with users of genetic resources by strengthening the
value chains of products derived from the plants Echinops giganteus in Cameroon and
Commiphora wildii in Namibia. These two species are of interest to the fragrance and flavor
sectors. The experiences derived from these two pilots will be used in the national legislation and
regulatory frameworks governing ABS in Cameroon and Namibia.
Regional: Engaging Policy Makers and the Judiciary to Address Poaching and Illegal
Wildlife Trade in Africa (UNEP; GEF-BD: $2.0 million; Co-finance: $4.0 million; Total
cost: $6.0 million)
The International Conservation Council Foundation (ICCF) launched the Conservation Council
of Nations (CCN), a project designed to open and expand multilateral, inter-parliamentary
dialogue on good natural resource management and sustainable economic growth. This new
project aims at creating new conservation caucuses and supporting existing ones, and to use this
mechanism to create the enabling conditions to effectively address poaching and illegal wildlife
trade (IWT) through new and enhanced laws, regulations, and policies. This project will result
in: i) Supporting the existing (3) and creating new and "Conservation Caucuses" (6) with the
capacity and willingness to assess and address poaching and illegal wildlife trade at high levels
of government; ii) Executive action and new or amended national laws, regulations, or policies to
mitigate Illegal Wildlife Trade (IWT); iii) Enhanced judicial investigation, arrest, seizure and
prosecution of IWT in at least seven priority countries; and iv) Commitments secured and
capacity increased for harmonization of policies, laws, and enforcement practices relevant to
IWT in African range and transit states at the regional or sub-regional level.
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Regional: Advancing the Nagoya protocol in countries of the Caribbean Region (UNEP;
GEF-BD: $1.8 million; Co-finance: $1.9 million; Total cost: $3.7 million)
This project seeks uptake of the Nagoya Protocol among Government Agencies and local
communities and implement basic measures of the Nagoya Protocol so proper access to genetic
resources is given and benefits are shared between users and providers of these resources. This
project will result in: i) a scoping study and analysis to identify common assets, issues and needs
among participating countries; ii) uptake of the Nagoya Protocol by National authorities and
local communities in order to take informed decisions and steps towards the ratification of the
protocol; iii) establishing an enabling environment and implementing basic measures of the
Nagoya Protocol; and iv) regional coordination and sharing of information.

Senegal: Project for the Restoration and Strengthening the Resilience of the Lake de
Guiers Wetland Ecosystems (PRRELAG) (AfDB; GEF-BD total: $1.3 million; Co-finance:
$22.1 million; Total project cost: $23.4 million)
The project will be implemented in the Lac de Guiers which is one of the largest fresh water
system in Senegal. Located in the northern part of Senegal, it plays a crucial role both for the
sustainability of delta ecosystems, as well as the socio-economic activity at regional level. The
water system of the lake is a site of international importance as a migration route for Palearctic
and Afro tropical birds, thus being a link of the chain of wetlands of international importance.
The GEF project focusing on the avifauna of the Ndiael Reserve, which is one of the central
cores of the cross-border Senegal River Delta biosphere reserve. The reserve of avifauna Ndiael,
a RAMSAR site, has been recorded in the Montreux record since 1990 due to infrastructure
development and mismanagement. The project aims to remove the PA from the Montreux record
by supporting community PA management and sustainable land use. The project will be based
on management agreements between local communities and the government.
Thailand: Conserving Habitats for Globally Important Flora and Fauna in Production
Landscapes (UNDP; GEF-BD Total: $1.8 million; Co-finance: $9.1 million; Total project
cost: $10.9 million)
This project is designed to reduce the accelerating pressures facing endangered and threatened
species in production lands. Many species rely on these areas for survival because they contain
habitats not adequately represented in the Protected Area system. The project will put in place
the policy, planning and institutional framework needed to avoid and reduce threats from
production activities in areas that are crucially important for species survival. It will furthermore
take steps to conserve three critically endangered species, namely the Eastern Sarus Crane (Grus
antigone sharpii), Spoon-billed Sandpiper (Eurynorhynchus pygmeus) and Water Lily (Crinum
thaianum) all depending on production lands for survival. The project will also develop a set of
national policies and legislations including the Endangered Species and Habitat Act, that will not
only apply to the subdistricts the project will be covering, but will have national coverage
establishing the enabling environment in Thailand.
Thailand: Sustainable Management Models for Local Government Organisations to
Enhance Biodiversity Protection and Utilization in Selected Eco-regions of Thailand
(UNDP; GEF-BD Total: $1.8 million; Co-finance: $7.5 million; Total project cost: $9.4
million)

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The project would remove the existing barriers to mainstream biodiversity priorities into the
performance management, development planning and budgeting systems of local government
organizations (LGOs) in Thailand. Two components are planned: (1) Enabling Framework and
Capacity in place for LGOs to Plan, Monitor and Adapt Land Management for BD Conservation.
This component will establish a coordination mechanism that will bring together authorities
tasked with natural resource and land use planning and allocation in order to advise LGOs on the
mainstreaming of biodiversity into their development plans. (2) Local Government
Development Programmes based on Biodiversity Mainstreaming Principles are demonstrated in
two Pilot Areas: the Inner Gulf of Thailand Important Bird Area and Bang Krachao wetland area
in Prapadaeng District, Samut Prakarn Province. This component will incorporate sustainable
biodiversity management objectives and safeguards in the land use and development planning.

Uzbekistan: Conservation and Sustainable Use of Agricultural Biodiversity to Improve

Regulating and Supporting Ecosystem Services in Agriculture Production (UNEP; GEF-
BD total: $1.2 million; Co-finance: $4.2 million; Total project cost: $5.4 million)
Uzbekistan is one of the world's five most important centers of origin and diversity of cultivated
plants. Among the many crops native to the region are temperate fruit species, such as apples,
apricots, peaches, pears, and plums, which are still conserved and managed by small scale
farmers in the agriculture ecosystems. These traditional fruit tree varieties are adapted to drought
and resistant to a number of abiotic and biotic stress factors. Despite these positive
characteristics and ongoing baseline efforts to diversify Uzbekistan's agricultural sector, the
country is facing problems of genetic erosion of globally important traditional fruit tree diversity
due to promotion of unsustainable agricultural practices, inadequate legal and regulatory
framework, and limited access for smallholder farmers to adequate plant diversity. The expected
outcomes of the project include: i) 1000 ha of sustainably managed fruit biodiversity in water-
scarce agriculture production systems; ii) policy and institutional framework mainstreaming
biodiversity of local fruit species; iii) increased availability of locally adapted species for
smallholder farmers; iv) improved market mechanism based on increased traditional fruit
production; and v) enhanced capacity for ABS to promote agriculture production system.
Venezuela: Implementation of the National Biosafety Framework in Venezuela in
Accordance to the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety (UNEP; GEF-BD total: $1.9 million;
Co-finance: $6.7 million; Total project cost: $8.5 million)
This project is in support of the Implementation of the National Biosafety Framework.
Specifically, this project will create the base for a solid, sustainable and reliable national
biosafety system, with the purpose of guaranteeing, according to the needs and demands of the
country and to international obligations, an appropriate level of protection for the safe use and
transit of Living Modified Organisms (LMOs) in Venezuela. This project will result in: i) the
completion and operation of the biosafety legal framework; ii) the development of an appropriate
institutional and human capacity for decision making and regulatory compliance in biosafety; iii)
the development of appropriate capacities for public participation in decision-making; and iv) the
strengthening of infrastructure for the detection and management of LMOs. This is a capacity
building project for Venezuela to comply with the provision of the international legally binding
Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety of which Venezuela is a party. This project should not be seen
as contradiction with the current Venezuelan ban for LMOs.

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Vietnam: Capacity Building for the Ratification and Implementation of the Nagoya
Protocol on Access and Benefit Sharing (UNDP; GEF-BD total: $2.0 million; Co-finance:
$7.7 million; Total project cost: $9.7 million)
The project will develop and implement Vietnam’s national framework on ABS of genetic
resources, build national capacities, and support an ABS Agreement based on Traditional
Knowledge and Public Private Partnership. The project will be implementing the following
three components: 1) strengthening the National Policy, Legal, and Institutional Framework on
ABS; 2) developing administrative measures on ABS; 3) increasing awareness and capacity
building on ABS; 3) demonstrating Private Public Community Partnerships on ABS, through
concrete pilot project consisting of one ABS agreement for the development of pharmaceutical,
food or cosmetic project for commercialization, and one traditional knowledge registry is
implemented.

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ANNEX 11: SUMMARY DESCRIPTIONS OF MULTI-FOCAL AREA FULL-SIZED PROJECTS USING
BIODIVERSITY FUNDING INCLUDING SFM-REDD+ PROJECTS (SFM-REDD+ PROJECTS
HIGHLIGHTED IN ITALICS)

Antigua and Barbuda: Sustainable Pathways - Protected Areas and Renewable Energy
(UNEP; GEF-BD: $1.4 million; GEF total: $2.7 million; Co-finance: $5.4 million; Total
cost: $8.1 million)
This project has four major components addressing biodiversity and climate change mitigation.
The first component is the development of a sustainable island resource financial plan, which
will support a further assessment of total costs for managing an expanded protected area system,
development of a business plan and financial plan for the protected area system, and further
definition of sustainable finance mechanisms, including how proceeds from the renewable
energy instillation in component 3 flow to the national trust fund being established with the
support of the GEF regional project on protected area sustainable financing. The second
component is the expansion and consolidation of Mount Obama National Park. The project
supports passing the necessary legislative and management framework to expand, demarcate,
and zone Mount Obama National Park. The areas to be included in the expanded national park
include two Important Bird Areas (IBAs) and the most important watersheds in the country.
The new park will be the most biodiverse terrestrial habitat on the island. The third component is
the pilot sustainable island resource financial plan, which involves renewable energy in support
of the Protected Areas System. This component will support the development of a 1 MW wind
energy installation; the profits from which will be transferred to the national protected areas trust
fund being established. The fourth component on the enhancement of forest ecosystems will
stem the degradation of forest ecosystems on the island, including in the most important
watersheds. This will include a nationwide fire prevention campaign and to combat invasive
citronella grass which is responsible for pushing back the forest frontier due to frequent fires.
This is the first time, to our knowledge, that a GEF supported wind-energy project will be part of
a financial sustainability mechanism for protected areas.
Armenia: Mainstreaming Sustainable Land and Forest Management in Dry Mountain
Landscapes (UNDP; GEF-BD: $433 thousand; GEF total: $3.0 million; Co-finance: $14.0
million; Total cost: $16.9 million)
The project is designed to engineer a paradigm shift from unsustainable to sustainable forest
management in NE Armenia. The target area contains 65% of Armenia’s forest resources and
provides essential ecosystem services including water provision (for urban use and food
production), land slide control and carbon storage and sequestration. The forests also provide
critical habitats for wildlife and hosts globally important biodiversity. The project will promote
an integrated approach towards fostering sustainable forest management – seeking to balance
environmental management with development needs. Component 1 will set-up a multi-sector
planning platform to balance competing environmental, social and economic objectives in
district development plans and associated investments. In doing so, it will reduce conflicting land
uses and improve the sustainability of forest management so as to maintain the flow of vital
ecosystem services and sustain the livelihoods of local (and downstream) communities. The

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platform will be underpinned by a robust decision support system, monitoring framework so as
to inform the planning process, and enforcement. In component 2, the project will demonstrate
sustainable forest management practices, test new management measures, and involve local
communities in SFM to directly address drivers of forest degradation. Main GEBs are the
avoided emissions of an estimated 668,000 tCO2-eq in High Conservation Value Forests over a
ten year period and 180,000 tCO2-eq sequestered through 3,000 ha reforestation.
Bahamas: Pine Islands - Forest/Mangrove Innovation and Integration (Grand Bahama,
New Providence, Abaco and Andros) (UNEP; GEF-BD: $1.1 million; GEF total: $3.0
million; Co-finance: $5.6 million; Total cost: $8.6 million)
Through the new Planning and Subdivision Act and the Forest Act, the project addresses barriers
related to institutional capacity and coordination between the different actors; technical capacity
in access to tools, data and methodologies; and economic barriers through the development of
sustainable livelihood options for local communities. Within land use planning and forest
management the project will i) improve the existing LUP system to monitor forest area change,
forest degradation ii) develop an inter-agency framework for operational planning and
management in the forest sector, iii) build technical capacities to strengthen
Government/Community co-managed forests. The project will also improve management
effectiveness of the forest and mangrove reserve network through the development of forest
management plans over 52,000 ha of forest targeted under the 2010 Forest Act, which is 15% of
all forests in the Bahamas. This will also include the piloting restoration of the degraded Little
Abaco Mangrove Ecosystem. The project will also allow for the provisioning of forest ecosystem
services through the piloting of alternative livelihoods and the promotion of good management
practices among coastal communities.
Bahamas: Implementing Land, Water and Ecosystem Management (UNDP; GEF-BD:
$406 thousand; GEF total: $913 thousand; Co-finance: $997 thousand; Total cost: $1.9
million)
This project will address these barriers through the following four component: 1) Development
and implementation of integrated, innovative technical solutions for the maintenance of
ecosystem health; 2) Strengthening of national environmental monitoring and evaluation
systems; 3) Strengthening of the enabling environment in support of policy, legislative and
institutional reforms and increase of capacity for sustainable natural resource management; and
4) Enhancing knowledge exchange, best practices, replication and stakeholder involvement in
natural resource management. The MSP will be implemented through a multi-stakeholder
framework that will be coordinated by the Bahamas Environment, Science, and Technology
Commission, and involve all other relevant government agencies, civil society organizations,
private sector groups, and UNEP.

Bolivia: Sustainable Management of Forest Ecosystems in Amazonia by Indigenous and

Local Communities to Generate Multiple Environmental and Social Benefits (UNDP; GEF-
BD: $3.8 million; GEF total: $6.2 million; Co-finance: $26.4 million; Total cost: $32.6
million)

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The project offers the opportunity to support sustainable active management by indigenous
peoples which provides economic and social benefits that reinforce motivations to maintain the
forest and avoid conversion. The project includes 4 ITOC located in Pando and Beni
Departments which have high biodiversity, and are home to indigenous people from a number of
different ethnic groups (Esse-Ejja-Tacana-Cavineno, Tacana-Cavineno, Cavineno and Chacobo-
Pacahuara). These have been prioritized because they i) form a contiguous block; ii) are actively
managed for Brazil nut extraction; iii) are subject to imminent threats and iv) are formally titled
to indigenous communities. Covering approximately 1.6 million ha overall the project will
ensure that forest ecosystems are managed by indigenous and local communities, as well as local
benefits that reinforce the communities’ continued motivation and ability to participation in their
protection. The project will develop and strengthen the enabling environment by developing
institutional mechanisms and improve capacity of governmental and indigenous institutions to
implement SFM. The project will ensure the long-term conservation status of globally important
forest habitats in the project area, covering at least 350,000 ha, by strengthening of community-
based governance and the generation of sustained economic benefits by the forests from the sale
of NTFPs. Sustainable land management practices (e.g. diversified cocoa plantations and
silvopastoral systems) will be applied over an area of 125,000 ha of non-forest land in the
landscapes. The project is estimated to address deforestation of 2,887 ha, equivalent to the
avoidance of an estimated 248,325tC.
Brazil: Reversing Desertification Process in Susceptible Areas of Brazil: Sustainable
Agroforestry Practices and Biodiversity Conservation (FAO; GEF-BD: $1.5 million; GEF
total: $4.1 million; Co-finance: $16.0 million; Total cost: $20.0 million)
The project will promote integrated natural resource management (INRM) systems in production
landscapes within both small and large scale farming enterprises, develop small and large scale
SFM experimental areas in Caatinga and Cerrado where enhanced management will be
supported and restore 10 forest corridors between protected areas. With improved SFM and
INRM practices, pressure on forests and forest resources will be drastically reduced and
degradation processes reversed. This will sustain the flow of important ecosystems services. Key
results include the incorporation of biodiversity conservation into INRM systems scaled to
landscape level within government agriculture programs in two states, improved SFM practices
at farm level covering over 20,300 ha, and creation of more than 81,300 ha sustainably managed
biodiversity corridors connecting protected areas.

Cambodia: Strengthening National Biodiversity and Forest Carbon Stock Conservation

through Landscape-based Collaborative Management of Cambodia’s Protected Area
System as Demonstrated in the Mondulkiri Conservation Landscape (CAMPAS Project)
(UNEP; GEF-BD: $3.5 million; GEF total: $4.8 million; Co-finance: $14.2 million; Total
cost: $19.0 million)
The proposed project would enhance Cambodia’s PAS management effectiveness and secure
forest carbon through improving inter-sectoral collaboration, landscape connectivity, sustainable
forest management and carbon monitoring in the Mondulkiri Conservation Landscape. The
project adds incremental value to a set of baseline projects, filling thematic and spatial gaps to:
build PA management capacities, stakeholder collaboration, and sustainable financing
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mechanisms, addressing prioritized PA biodiversity and conservation corridor threats;
significantly strengthen intersectoral collaboration, reach agreement on unified vision for
national PA network, forested landscape connectivity & BD conservation; integrate PA and
forest corridor conservation & restoration in sub-national development plans, to ensure GHG
benefits and the sustainable provision of local, regional, and transboundary forest ecosystem
services (350,000 ha); increase resource and livelihood security of communities in Community
Protected Areas & Communal Forests; and mitigate climate change by generating CO2 benefits,
including restored and enhanced carbon stocks in 2000 ha reforestation & agro-forests plots
(236,717 tCO2e) as well as avoided deforestation in the six PAs/Forests of Mondulkiri
Conservation Landscape – total working area of 1,254,121 ha (emission reduction of 15,363,689
tCO2e) and targeted 150,000 ha forested corridors of Mondulkiri Conservation Landscape
(emission reduction 527,081 tCO2e); and advance sub-national reference emission levels &
reference levels (REL/RL) as part of the upcoming national carbon stock monitoring (MRV)
system in the demonstration landscape of Mondulkiri, with linkage developed to national
REDD+ strategy and MRV/REL development.
Chile: Integrated National Monitoring and Assessment System on Forest Ecosystems
(SIMEF) in Support of Policies, Regulations and SFM Practices Incorporating REDD+ and
Biodiversity Conservation in Forest Ecosystems (FAO; GEF-BD: $1.1 million; GEF total:
$6.4 million; Co-finance: $25.2 million; Total cost: $31.7 million)
This project focuses on establishing an integrated forest ecosystem monitoring system that will
provide periodic updated information on the state of forest ecosystems and the related
biodiversity and carbon stocks and fluxes. This can lead to improved SFM policies and
regulations in the country and also improved land-use planning at state and local levels. The
current National Forest Inventory covers only part of the forested area and the lack of
institutional coordination to date has limited the ability to monitor carbon stocks and land-use
changes. Expansion of the inventory system is a necessary step toward provision of information
needed to better understand drivers behind land-use changes and forest degradation processes.
This project supports the National Greenhouse Gases Inventory and can provide necessary
information for the development of policies, regulations and SFM practices incorporating
REDD+ and biodiversity conservation in forest ecosystems. The project has three components:
1) development of an institutional coordination framework and capacity for the implementation
of the monitoring and assessment system, 2) implementation of the system which includes
expanding the current system to cover the whole country and add socioeconomic indicators,
vegetation and land-use change monitoring, and 3) application of the information generated in
local, regional, and national policies and regulations.

Chile: Protecting Biodiversity and Multiple Ecosystem Services in Biological Mountain

Corridors in Chile’s Mediterranean Ecosystem (UNEP; GEF-BD: $2.7 million; GEF total:
$5.8 million; Co-finance: $19.4 million; Total cost: $25.2 million)
The project will develop a suite of interventions throughout 30 adjacent Municipalities which
will increase connectivity between remaining forest resources and address the competing land
use pressures within and around them. The project will support enhancement of Municipal
regulations on conservation, upgrading of the existing Municipality environmental management
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standard to ECOMUNA level by incorporating biodiversity conservation, SLM and SFM, use
incentive mechanisms to promote uptake of biodiversity conservation, SLM and SFM among
private land owners to develop alternative livelihood opportunities, and support the
establishment of conservation districts in public and private lands. This project will facilitate the
development of landscape level land use planning, with coordination across the 30
Municipalities. The project will result in increased protection of biodiversity and ecosystem
services across 1 million ha, develop innovative SLM practice within 100,000 ha of productive
land and safeguard ecosystem services (particularly carbon sequestration and water provision)
through SFM in 100,000 ha for forest with the potential to upscale to 700,000 ha in other areas.
China: Sustainable Forest Management to Enhance the Resilience of Forests to Climate
Change (FAO; GEF-BD: $913 thousand; GEF total: $7.3 million; Co-finance: $48.4 million;
Total cost: $55.7 million)
The three different but complementary objectives will be achieved through the activities
organized under the following components: i) Strengthened institutional, policy and regulatory
frameworks for forest management; ii) Innovative forest management unit model for SFM,
enhancing carbon storage and certifying biodiversity conservation through forest management
that enhances generation of revenues, demonstrated and adopted. The proposed project will
engage the Provincial Forestry Bureaus (PFB) and Forest Management Units (FMU) to apply
SFM and biodiversity management practices in 40,000 ha of the forestland in three provinces in
China. In implementation of such practices, habitats will be restored for three endangered
species. In line with such national level plans, the project will restore 15,000 ha of degraded
forests, convert 15,000 ha of monoculture forests into mixed stand and will allow for natural
regeneration of forests in 10,000 ha with estimated carbon benefits of 119,417,582t CO2e in 7-
15 years. By setting up a monitoring and verification system in the three provinces, the project
will contribute towards the country's new forest carbon inventory system. Another innovative
aspect of the project is that it will enable communities involved in the project to assess the
feasibility of accessing carbon markets that exist in China.

Colombia: Forest Conservation and Sustainability in the Heart of the Colombian Amazon
(World Bank; GEF-BD: $3.8 million; GEF total: $10.4 million; Co-finance: $30.0 million;
Total cost: $40.4 million)
The project aims to improve governance and promote sustainable land use activities in order to
reduce deforestation and conserve biodiversity in the Colombian Amazon. The target is the
"Heart of the Amazon", an area of 11 million ha connecting six protected areas in the Amazon
lowlands and Andean foothills. The project will enlarge Chiribiquete National Park to cover
2,780,800 ha, making it the largest protected area in Colombia. Once extended, Chiribiquete
National Park will conserve 41 different ecosystems.
The project is structured around 4 well designed components. The biodiversity objectives will be
met through improved management of new and existing protected areas, including Indigenous
Reserves, applying an integrated landscape management approach. The CCM and SFM
objectives will be achieved through ensuring agreements for sustainable forest use among all the
major drivers, implementation of MRV system for forest carbon stocks that is aligned with
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national standards, and promotion of integrated land-use management practices. These activities
will be supported by training of local communities and authorities. The project strategically
focuses on maintaining connectivity to ensure the ecological integrity of the network of protected
areas and between the Andes and the Amazon. The project identifies deforestation drivers and
seeks potential measures to address them.
Cook Islands: R2R: Conserving Biodiversity and Enhancing Ecosystem Functions through
a “Ridge to Reef” Approach (UNDP; GEF-BD: $2.0 million; GEF total: $4.4 million; Co-
finance: $14.3 million; Total cost: $18.7 million)
This is a child project of the PICs Ridge to Reef program. The objective of this project is to build
national and local capacities and actions to ensure effective conservation of biodiversity and
enhancement of ecosystem functions within and around marine and terrestrial PAs (including
community conservation areas). This project will operationalize the management of one of the
world's largest protected areas (110,000,000 million ha), which is home to many threatened and
endemic species. It will also help develop effective community conservation of 22,900 ha of
coastal and terrestrial areas and support improved agriculture and tourism practices resulting in
improved environmental outcomes and livelihoods. This is the first time an integrated approach
will be adopted in Cook Islands. This project will also work with communities to manage and
protect this vast new protected area - also a first in Cook Islands regarding PA management.
Fiji: R2R: Implementing a “Ridge to Reef” Approach to Preserve Ecosystem Services,
Sequester Carbon, Improve Climate Resilience and Sustain Livelihoods (UNDP; GEF-BD:
$3.6 million; GEF total: $7.6 million; Co-finance: $30.2 million; Total cost: $37.9 million)
The proposed project in Fiji is a part of the larger Ridge to Reef (R2R) Program in the Pacific
Island Countries. The project combines biodiversity, land degradation, climate change
mitigation, sustainable forestry and international waters objectives in-line with the country
priorities to protect and restore the country’s diverse marine and terrestrial ecosystems. The
proposed project is structured around the following four components: conservation of terrestrial
and marine biodiversity; conservation, restoration and enhancement of carbon stocks through
sustainable forestry; integrated natural resources management; and knowledge management. The
project will improve management of existing terrestrial and marine protected areas and will also
formally establish 1 new terrestrial and 5 marine protected areas. In order to make these
protected areas financially sustainable, the project will support valuation of ecosystem services
associated with these areas and will also support innovative financing schemes, such as a user fee
system. Reforestation and grassland restoration activities will be undertaken in degraded areas to
enhance their capacity for carbon storage and also to generate co-benefits such as erosion
control.

Gabon: Sustainable Management of Critical Wetlands Ecosystems Project (World Bank;

GEF-BD: $4.6 million; GEF total: $7.7 million; Co-finance: $33.7 million; Total cost: $41.4
million)

The project will focus on three Ramsar sites that were chosen based on their importance in terms
of ecosystem services, the threats they are facing, and the presence of other conservation
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initiatives that will serve as baseline (Bas Ogooué, Monts Birougou, and Petit Loango/Setté-
Cama). The project will help to install a sustainable framework for wetland management by
supporting a national institutional framework to mainstream wetland interests and issues across
sectors and levels of government. The project is based on three technical components with 1) the
improvement of knowledge and monitoring of wetland ecosystems in Gabon, 2) the support to
sustainable management of selected critical wetland ecosystems, and 3) the strengthening of the
institutional framework to support wetlands management. This project will help Gabon to fulfill
its obligations under the Ramsar Convention by implementing main Ramsar guidelines
(monitoring, management planning, sustainable development, etc.).
Global (Georgia, Madagascar): Global Forest Watch 2.0 FW 2.0 (UNEP; GEF-BD: $1.8
million; GEF total: $5.5 million; Co-finance: $68.3 million; Total cost: $73.8 million)
GFW2.0 combines various near real-time tree cover loss alert systems, complementary satellite
imagery and monitoring systems, a suite of maps and mobile technology, together with
networked crowd sourcing to offer transparent and publicly available information on
deforestation and forest degradation. By using data renewed on a 16-day basis GFW2.0 will offer
near real-time updates on deforestation and forest degradation activities allowing authorities and
local communities to respond rapidly. In addition GFW2.0 offers the potential for landscape
level planning through the provision of up-to-date forest cover maps and reports. By using a
simple interface GFW2.0 will allow interaction with interested stakeholders and the public who
can freely use the results but also add to the information base. GFW2.0 will support the
development and implementation of cross-sectoral integrated land use management plans in
Madagascar and Georgia that reduce pressures on natural resources from competing land uses,
improve management of 15.4 million ha of forest habitat in Georgia and Madagascar and allow
near real time alerts of deforestation activities in 97 protected areas covering 2.2 million ha.
Grenada: Implementing a “Ridge to Reef” Approach to Protecting Biodiversity and
Ecosystem Functions within and Around Protected Areas (UNDP; GEF-BD: $1.4 million;
GEF total: $3.1 million; Co-finance: $15.4 million; Total cost: $18.6 million)
This project will advance sustainable development and ecosystem protection in Grenada in
important ways. It will result in the creation of five new protected areas covering 12,400
hectares, including the protection of four new marine protected areas. It will take a ridge-to-reef
approach to protect watersheds and downstream areas, which will yield important socio-
economic benefits for local populations. It will reduce deforestation and protect forest carbon
stocks in selected watersheds.
Haiti: Increasing Resilience of Ecosystems and Vulnerable Communities to CC and
Anthropic Threats Through a Ridge to Reef Approach to BD Conservation and Watershed
Management (UNDP; GEF-BD: $3.8 million; GEF total: $9.3 million; Co-finance: $43.0
million; Total cost: $52.3 million)
This project will support the establishment and management of protected areas in the marine and
coastal zone of target watershed, while increasing the resilience to climate threats in key
watersheds and coastal systems. The project responds to NAPA priorities in watershed
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management and soil conservation, coastal zone management and natural resource management.
It also implements key priorities in Haiti's plans for protected area system strengthening and
expansion. The project will promote activities which promote climate resilient resource
management such as the construction, maintenance and/or restoration of terraces and structures
for capturing run-off and promoting infiltration, mulch-based production systems, and
agroforestry systems. The project will also assist promote activities to assist ecosystems to
recover and become climate resilient. These activities will include reforestation and restoration
of vegetation in watersheds and mangroves to promote water infiltration, regulate stream flows,
protect against mass movement and buffer against sea level rise and wave impact. The
protection and enhancement of watersheds and mangroves are both essential to the ability of
Haiti's marine ecosystems to provide benefits to Haiti's people. The proposed activities to
enhance climate resilience in areas which are proposed to be protected areas and through the
project there will be strengthened instruments and capacities for the effective management of
protected areas, and programs for training and strengthening local organizations, to enable them
to support the planning and oversight of protected areas. This project will also support the
establishment of Haiti's first marine protected areas.
Haiti: Ecosystem Approach to Haiti Cote Sud (UNEP; GEF-BD: $328 thousand; GEF
total: $6.4 million; Co-finance: $21.1 million; Total cost: $27.5 million)
The project has the objective of increasing resilience to climate change risks and decreasing
disaster risk using an ecosystem management approach targeting protected areas and fragile
ecosystems in the Southwestern Peninsula of Haiti. The project interventions are in prioritized
areas on the vulnerable southern coast. The project will establishment effective climate resilient
management of Ile a Vache National Park and Port Salut Protected Landscape, and improved
forest and land use climate resilient practices in five protected areas which will result in an
estimated reduction of 408,226 CO2 tons/year.
The project will promote disaster risk reduction through an ecosystem management approach in
the broader Southwest Peninsula landscape. At least 150km of coastlines will be rehabilitated
and made resilient providing local communities with healthy coastal ecosystems. This project
will also improve land use practices adopted in the vetiver value chain within the Port Salut
Protected Landscape leading to significant carbon sequestration. The project will also create a
forestry products cooperative and a vetiver growers cooperative. There will be improved
charcoal production and use technologies and establishment of non-mangrove sources of wood
for charcoal production.
Indonesia: Strengthening Forest and Ecosystem Connectivity in RIMBA Landscape of
Central Sumatra through Investing in Natural Capital, Biodiversity Conservation, and
Land-based Emission Reductions (RIMBA) (UNEP; GEF-BD: $6.4 million; GEF total:
$9.6 million; Co-finance: $37.8 million; Total cost: $47.4 million)
In the RIMBA critical landscape of Sumatra, the GEF project supports a Green Economy
approach towards low carbon, resource efficiency and social inclusiveness. GEF support focuses
on three complementary components to: 1) create the institutional foundation, human capacity,
alternative development scenarios for the RIMBA landscape; 2) invest in three different Green
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Economy development scenarios based on water, carbon, and biodiversity in the RIMBA
landscape; 3) establish the evidence base for measuring project impacts, the degree of adoption
and upscaling of Green Economy approaches by private and public sectors, as well as
dissemination and uptake of best practices for national policy consideration. The project will
assist the government in its effort to adopt a green economy in the forestry sector. This is the first
field-based GEF project in Indonesia which introduces green economy, low carbon growth and
the application of sustainability and production/consumption principles in the management of
land, water and forest resources. The project will integrate spatial mapping techniques and
natural capital accounting results to develop green economic development plans that include
important ecosystems and associated services. The project will pilot REDD+ schemes and
establish MRV systems which will pave the way for replication of such innovative measures in
other areas.
Kenya: Development of SFM and Support to REDD for Dryland Forests (FAO; GEF-BD:
$1.2 million; GEF total: $2.9 million; Co-finance: $11.1 million; Total cost: $14.0 million)
This project aims to develop sustainable management of the forested component of dryland
landscape and support sustainable charcoal production policies implementation to enhance
biodiversity conservation, reduce carbon emissions and enhance carbon sequestration, and
improve Kenya's SFM and REDD+ capacities. The project is based on an approach to restore
and sustainably manage 100,000 ha of dry forests and support the implementation of sustainable
charcoal production policies at the national level. The project includes the development of legal
and regulatory frameworks, as well as income generating SFM systems to empower the
communities for SFM on the long term. Partners are also already identified to scale up the
approach.
Kenya: Scaling up Sustainable Land Management and Agrobiodiversity Conservation to
Reduce Environmental Degradation in Small Scale Agriculture in Western Kenya (UNEP;
GEF-BD: $1.0 million; GEF total: $3.7 million; Co-finance: $7.2 million; Total cost: $10.9
million)
The project aims to mainstream sustainable land management (SLM) practices across the
productive landscapes around the Kakamega Forest ecosystem through reducing land
degradation and improving soil productivity that would lead to increased farm productivity and
incomes. The project is based on 1) the enhancement of capacities of Farmer Field Schools to
adopt SLM practices and agrobiodiversity conservation and 2) the strengthening of SFM
practices at landscape level through the support of ten Community Forest Associations and the
development of participative SFM on 10,000 ha. A PES framework will be piloted to ensure the
sustainability of the approach involving downstream water users. This project will catalyze
investments at a landscape level to scale-up ongoing SLM initiatives in Western Kenya.
Kiribati: R2R Resilient Islands, Resilient Communities (FAO; GEF-BD: $1.7 million; GEF
total: $4.9 million; Co-finance: $12.3 million; Total cost: $17.1 million)
The proposed project is a part of the larger Ridge to Reef (R2R) Program in the Pacific Island
Countries. The project combines biodiversity, land degradation, sustainable forestry and
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international waters objectives in-line with the country priorities to protect and restore the
country’s diverse coastal, marine and terrestrial ecosystems. The project aims to improve
biodiversity conservation and landscape management to enhance socio-environmental resilience
to climate variability and change. The project aims to 1) strengthen the national network of
protected areas, 2) promote sustainable land management and integrated landscape management,
and 3) manage knowledge for the dissemination of best practices. It will give an opportunity to
integrate multiple sectors into a cohesive planning and management system. It will sustain a
national network of protected areas in a country where few protected areas have been established
and will also enable the Government of Kiribati to test a range of approaches to rehabilitate,
manage, and protect mangroves. The project will protect 7,400 ha of land and 10% of marine
areas of Gilbert and Line islands. New land use planning tools will be tested in pilot sites. Local
communities are core part of each activity to ensure sustainability in an environment where the
enforcement of laws and regulations on outer islands is extremely difficult.
Mauritius: Mainstreaming Biodiversity into the Management of the Coastal Zone in the
Republic of Mauritius (UNDP; GEF-BD: $4.0 million; GEF total: $4.8 million; Co-finance:
$20.4 million; Total cost: $25.2 million)
This project will address the threats to biodiversity in Coastal Wetlands, Shore and Offshore
ESAs within six the target landscapes (five in Mauritius Main Island and one in Rodrigues)
through a three pronged approach. First, it will support the incorporation of Environmentally
Sensitive Areas recommendations into policies and enforceable regulations pertaining to Coastal
Zone Management (CZM). Second, it will support the effective management of marine
protected areas (MPAs). Third, it will take measures to arrest land degradation in sensitive
locations, designed to reduce coastal erosion and sedimentation and help restore ecosystem
functions in key wetland areas. As a result of the project, biodiversity within coral reefs, sea-
grass beds, mangroves, inter-tidal mud-flats, sand beaches and dunes, and coastal freshwater
marshlands will be better protected and managed sustainably. Specifically, the project will result
in: i) Reduction in the threats to biodiversity and ecosystem function across target landscapes
with a total area of 150,000 ha, containing 27,000 ha of Environmentally Sensitive Areas, ii)
Reduction in pressures to Coastal Wetlands, Shore and Offshore ESAs Systems; iii) Tourism
sector funding channeled to biodiversity increase; iv) Threats to biodiversity in the offshore
environment are mitigated and fish stocks protected in at least 8,000 ha of seascapes through the
improved management of MPAs and no-take zones; v) Erosion and soil loss are reduced in 200
ha in erosion prone watersheds, and ecosystem services restored in 15.4 ha in freshwater
wetlands + 23.9 ha of associated buffer.

Micronesia: R2R Implementing an Integrated Ridge to Reef Approach to Enhance

Ecosystem Services, to Conserve Globally Important Biodiversity and to Sustain Local
Livelihoods in the FSM (UNDP; GEF-BD: $2.7 million; GEF total: $4.8 million; Co-
finance: $17.9 million; Total cost: $22.7 million)
This project is a pilot project using the Ridge to Reef integrated approach. The project will
introduce an integrated resource management; from land to sea. The project will support the full
operationalization of at least twenty existing and new protected areas, covering a total of 16,000
ha. Secondarily, the project will strengthen the existing integrated land use plan including
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through the valuation of goods and services of natural systems as well as different sustainable
land management practices. The project brings together key public sector actors (national
government, state government) and local communities (fisherman, farmers, landowners) at
national and local scale to address major threats on marine and terrestrial biodiversity. By
strengthening government capacity, legal framework, and by developing incentive for activities
on the ground, the project will anchor integrative management approach at the relevant level of
decision.
Mozambique: Mozambique Conservation Areas for Biodiversity and Development Project
(World Bank; GEF-BD: $3.2 million; GEF total: $6.3 million; Co-finance: $94.8 million;
Total cost: $101.1 million)
This project will strengthen the effective management of conservation areas and the
diversification of economic opportunities to local communities. Specifically, the project will
support 8 conservation areas, improve forest management in at least 150,000 ha, and improve
energy efficiency by using improved stoves and promoting alternative energy sources. The
preliminary estimation of the total conservation area to benefit from this project is 1 million ha.
The financial sustainability these investments will be enhanced by: strengthening the operation
of the BioFund to secure medium and long terms funding for sustainable landscape/ocean-scape
conservation management; and supporting the development of an effective commercial branch
within the National Agency of Conservation Areas (ANAC) that would market and monitor
tourism concessions and other tourism products. Some of the tools that will be used by ANAC
include nature-based tourism licensing and registration and promotion of nature-based tourism
investments.
Mozambique: Payment for Ecosystem Services to Support Forest Conservation and
Sustainable Livelihoods (FAO; GEF-BD: $1.9 million; GEF total: $3.6 million; Co-finance:
$11.5 million; Total cost: $15.1 million)
In 2005 the Government of Mozambique approved a Ministerial Decree ordering that 20% of all
government taxes and fees collected from the use of forests (including forest concessions),
wildlife and protected areas, go to local communities. In addition to the 20% revenue, the Forest
and Wildlife regulation establishes that 50% of fines collected from offenders of the legislation
are given to forest patrol agents and community members who participate in law enforcement
activities or report offenders. Until now, the funds distributed to the communities have been
used mainly for the construction of infrastructure such as schools and health clinics emergency
centers and for income generating projects. The focus of the project is to develop and implement
an effective PES mechanism for accountable and equitable disbursement of 20% Decree funds
(balance of $4.8M until 2012) and 50% of the fines (balance of $2.5M until 2012) linking the
payments to environmental enhancement and performance and creating the capacity to
implement and monitor the PES mechanism. This will ensure sustainable management of forests
and provide economic and livelihood benefits to local communities in the Zambezia province.
The outcomes of this project are: i) A PES mechanism established and implemented in the
Zambezia province generating the following benefits; 400,000 ha of Miombo forest ecosystems
under sustainable management, 5% increase in forest cover (20,000 ha) and 1,394,600 tCO2eq
sequestered; and ii) National and provincial government institutions and local NGOs/CBOs
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capable of implementing and monitoring PES for the conservation and sustainable use of
Miombo ecosystems.
Nauru: R2R: Implementing a “Ridge to Reef” Approach to Protecting Biodiversity and
Ecosystem Functions in Nauru (R2R Nauru) (UNDP; GEF-BD: $1.4 million; GEF total:
$2.7 million; Co-finance: $6.4 million; Total cost: $9.1 million)
This project supports the development of sustainable coastal and marine managed areas that are
integrated with the appropriate sustainable land management practices in upstream watersheds.
This project is a pilot project using the Ridge to Reef integrated approach. The project will
introduce an integrated resource management at the watershed scale, from the top hill to the sea.
The project will support the establishment of Locally Managed Marine Areas (LMMA) over
15% of the Nauru total coastline. The integrated land use plan will contribute to reduce pollution
loads by at least 10% on LMMA. This project will strengthen government capacity and legal
frameworks and by developing incentive mechanism for sustainable activities on the ground, the
project will anchor integrative management approach at the relevant level of decision.
Nicaragua: Strengthening the Resilience of Multiple-use Protected Areas to Deliver
Multiple Global Environmental Benefits (UNDP; GEF-BD: $1.9 million; GEF total: $6.3
million; Co-finance: $20.1 million; Total cost: $26.4 million)
This project seeks to reverse deforestation trends in select regions of the country, both inside and
outside protected areas. It aims to improve management of 11 multiple-use protected areas (PAs)
covering 126,000 ha, including improved enforcement against illegal logging and wildlife
trafficking, improved monitoring of indicator species, and securing of additional finance for PA
management. The project will also build corridors between the protected areas through
improved land-use planning, introduction of sustainable forest and land management practices
(including targeted natural forest regeneration) and improved monitoring of land-use change,
carbon sequestration, species, and water flow in key watersheds. This project will seek to
introduce a performance-based compensation mechanism to incentivize farmers and land holders
to conserve humid forest covering an area of 30,000 ha. The project will also seek to secure new
revenues for management of the existing 11 PAs, which are expected to include PA visitor
entrance fees, REDD+ incentives, and support from private sector and other partners.
Niue: R2R Application of Ridge to Reef Concept for Biodiversity Conservation, and for the
Enhancement of Ecosystem Service and Cultural Heritage (UNDP; GEF-BD: $1.4 million;
GEF total: $4.3 million; Co-finance: $12.4 million; Total cost: $16.7 million)
The project will support the development of sustainable coastal and marine managed areas that
are integrated with the appropriate sustainable land management practices in upstream
watersheds. This project is a pilot project using the Ridge to Reef integrated approach. The
project will introduce an integrated resource management at the watershed scale. The project will
notably support the development of a cross-sectoral legal framework, the maintenance of water
quality of reef areas, the establishment of a single and continuous terrestrial conservation area
covering 2,550 ha, and a national marine protected area covering 4,500ha. This project focuses

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on strengthening government capacity and legal frameworks and catalyzing conservation
initiatives at the landscape level.
Pakistan: Sustainable Forest Management to Secure Multiple Benefits in High Conservation
Value Forests (UNDP; GEF-BD: $3.6 million; GEF total: $8.5 million; Co-finance: $26.5
million; Total cost: $35.0 million)
The project will promote an integrated approach at landscape level for the management of high
conservation value forests that will deliver global biodiversity, carbon benefits and ecosystem
services to local communities and enhance resilience across 3 target landscapes totaling
55,600ha. The project has been designed to fit within the REDD+ readiness initiative. This
project will operationalize sustainable forest management at landscape scale, implementing best
practice silvicultural approaches in land preparation, soil analysis, selection of appropriate
indigenous species, planting and management to support biodiversity, pest, disease and fire
control, suitable age structure and tree densities. The project will deliver SFM to 55,600 ha of
critical forest habitats, while conserving globally important biodiversity. The project will restore
10,000 ha of Conifer forest and 3,400 ha of Scrub forest and 26,200 ha of Riverine forest.
Participatory and integrated planning for the establishment of large-scale forest land use plans,
involving both key public and private sector partners as well as local communities would also be
a new approach, as would the development of business plans identifying sustainable financing
mechanisms for SFM. The project prioritizes involvement of local stakeholders and will work
closely with local communities to pilot co-management initiatives covering high value
coniferous forests. Participatory livelihoods options appraisals will be undertaken through the
project to prepare an alternative livelihoods plan which will then be implemented. The project
will also implement and demonstrate the nationally-tailored methodology for measuring carbon
stocks and fluxes.
Palau: R2R: Advancing Sustainable Resources Management to Improve Livelihoods and
Protect Biodiversity in Palau (UNEP; GEF-BD: $2.5 million; GEF total: $3.9 million; Co-
finance: $15.7 million; Total cost: $19.6 million)
The objective of this project is to effectively conserve and sustainably use biodiversity and
maintain ecosystem goods and services in Palau by building institutional capacity to integrate the
Palau Protected Area Network with the Sustainable Land Management initiative, fostering a
ridge-to-reef approach across and within these initiatives. The project will include three key
elements (i) improving Palau’s Protected Area Network (PAN), (ii) developing sustainable land
management, and (iii) developing national coordination to ensure that issues are addressed in a
complementary fashion. The project will improve livelihoods and protect biodiversity primarily
through the design and initial implementation and testing of an approach to resource
management and conservation embodying an inclusive, comprehensive system that fully
develops and links PAN and SLM initiatives. The project will result in four new protected areas
adding at least 95,000 ha of marine and 6,300 ha of terrestrial to the existing PAN of 11,000 ha
marine and 2,100 ha terrestrial PAs. The project will also develop at least 8 SLM plans for the
country’s 16 states and will result in one-third of all native forest totaling 8,100 ha under SFM.

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Papua New Guinea: R2R Strengthening the Management Effectiveness of the National
System of Protected Areas (UNDP; GEF-BD: $10.4 million; GEF total: $11.2 thousand;
Co-finance: $42.6 million; Total cost: $53.8 million)
This project will strengthen national and local capacities to effectively manage the national
system of protected areas, and address threats to biodiversity and ecosystem functions in these
areas. The project components include: increasing the institutional capacity of Ministry of
Environment and Conservation (and relevant Provincial Government counterparts) for PA
system planning and management; improving oversight and coordination of the national PA
system through standardized and scientifically-based monitoring of status and pressures, agreed
national standards and guidelines for PA management and minimum technical standards for PA
management and staff. Specifically, effective management of National Parks demonstrated
through increased management effectiveness at Varirata National Park and better integration of
the Park into the broader Sogeri Plains landscape to reduce erosion and sedimentation levels in
the Laloki River. Overall, the project will support effective management of PAs covering an area
of 331,000 ha. The project will also support traditional systems and models for management and
conservation of biodiversity strengthened across at least 331,000 ha of priority landscapes,
including agreements between communities in participating conservation areas and central
and/or Provincial Governments, to provide financial and in-kind (service provision) support to
participating communities.

Peru: Transforming Management of Protected Area/Landscape Complexes to Strengthen

Ecosystem Resilience (UNDP; GEF-BD: $4.5 million; GEF total: $9.1 million; Co-finance:
$50.0 million; Total cost: $59.1 million)
This project focuses on two large landscapes, the Manu and the Yanachaga PA complexes,
which include a range of PA types and their buffer zones in the eastern Andes. The project
addresses impacts on the PAs subject to increasing pressure from immigration of people from
areas affected by climate change related decline of production and livelihood support systems.
The project will support the application of a “macro” landscape approach to spatial planning and
environmental management to assist development and conservation initiatives, enhance cross
sector coordination, build capacity among land managers to apply resource management
practices that optimize environmental benefits; and enhance local communities participation in
decisions related to resource management, in order to minimize the risks of conflicts between
their livelihoods and the conservation of natural resources. The project will result in the creation
of 100,000 ha new PAs, increased management effectiveness in 9 PAs covering 6 million ha;
improved land management in 6 million ha of buffer zones; 3.7 million tC in avoided emissions;
and avoided deforestation of 12,000 ha.

Regional (Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru): Adaptation to the Impact of Climate Change
in Water Resources for the Andean Region (World Bank; GEF-BD: $1.3 million; GEF
total: $9.9 million; Co-finance: $21.1 million; Total cost: $31.0 million)
This project seeks to enhance the resilience of water resources in the face of climate change by
generating knowledge and promoting technologies to enable governments to integrate climate
change considerations into policy, planning and on-the-ground investments in vulnerable sectors
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in Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru. The project is structured around three principle
components, aiming to (i) enhance the scientific and technical knowledge base to address the
impacts of climate change on the water cycle in selected basins; (ii) strengthen relevant policies
and plans in sectors related to water to ensure adequate consideration of climate change
adaptation; and (iii) demonstrate and disseminate innovative adaptation technologies and
measures in the context of investments in vulnerable sectors. In Ecuador, the project also seeks
to strengthen the resilience of High-Andean ecosystems and biodiversity management through
the mainstreaming of climate change adaptation into policy, planning and selected on-the-ground
interventions.

Regional (Cook Islands, Fiji, Micronesia, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Nauru, Niue, Papua
New Guinea, Palau, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu, Samoa): R2R - Pacific
Islands Ridge-to-Reef National Priorities – Integrated Water, Land, Forest and Coastal
Management to Preserve Biodiversity, Ecosystem Services, Store Carbon, Improve Climate
Resilience and Sustain Livelihoods (UNDP/UNEP; GEF-BD: $2.6 million; GEF total: $18.5
million; Co-finance: $333.0 million; Total cost: $351.6 million)

This Multifocal Area program with 14 countries is a parent program for projects in these
countries. The goal of this program is to maintain and enhance Pacific Island countries’ (PICs)
ecosystem goods and services (provisioning, regulating, supporting and cultural) through
integrated approaches to land, water, forest, biodiversity and coastal resource management that
contribute to poverty reduction, sustainable livelihoods, climate change mitigation, and climate
resilience. This program allows countries to follow national priorities while establishing
demonstration projects using the Ridge to Reef integrated approach in natural resource
management.
Solomon Islands: Integrated Forest Management in the Solomon Islands (FAO; GEF-BD:
$2.3 million; GEF total: $5.9 million; Co-finance: $19.0 million; Total cost: $24.9 million)
This project aims to improve the management of forests in the Solomon Islands through a cross-
sectoral initiative to integrate biodiversity conservation, land degradation, sustainable forest
management and climate change issues into policy making at national level while concurrently
incorporating these issues into livelihood activities of the local communities living in and around
the forest. This project will increase the PA network by over 70% of the existing area to give an
extent of 8.5% of the land area. The project will also result in the rehabilitation of 80,000 ha of
degraded forest to restore ecosystem services thereby recognizing multiple forest values and
preventing subsequent degrade or forest loss. The project introduces innovative approaches for
the Solomon Islands through the development of sustainable financing mechanism for the PA
network and the establishment of a dedicated trust fund. Additionally the project will improve
forest MRV tools and produce a national forest carbon assessment and will sequester 2,300,000
tCO2e. Community engagement is also important to ensure sustainability of the field level
results in the long term. The project will work with local communities to develop livelihood
approaches that are compatible with the existing and new PAs and incorporate SLM practices in
their land and crop husbandry techniques.

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St. Lucia: Iyanola - Natural Resource Management of the NE Coast (UNEP; GEF-BD: $1.4
million; GEF total: $2.5 million; Co-finance: $8.9 million; Total cost: $11.4 million)
This project will improve land-use planning by mainstreaming biodiversity conservation in St.
Lucia's north east coast. It will create a new 5,000 ha national park and it will restore or protect
1400 hectares of forest land through sustainable forest management investment. The project will
mainstream biodiversity conservation and other ecosystem services, including carbon
sequestration, into land-use planning in the north east of the country, which includes one of the
most important areas of relatively intact dry forest in the country. It will support the
development of options for conservation on non-government lands and will compile data from
previous studies on the valuation of ecosystem goods and services. Overall, it will help develop
a project that will better enable the authorities to take the value of natural capital into account in
development decision-making.
Thailand: Maximizing Carbon Sink Capacity and Conserving Biodiversity through
Sustainable Conservation, Restoration, and Management of Peat-swamp Ecosystems
(UNDP; GEF-BD: $453 thousand; GEF total: $3.3 million; Co-finance: $13.0 million; Total
cost: $16.3 million)
The proposed project aims to conserve and restore peatlands in Thailand to protect these vital
carbon storage systems and to increase their capacity to act as carbon sinks. These 64,000-75,000
ha of peatlands in the South-Eastern province of Thailand is a diverse landscape with fens,
raised-bog, lakes and grasslands, which provide habitat to various plants and animal species
including threatened species. The project will build on the Thai Government's efforts to manage
the existing protected areas in the country and will provide the funding necessary to expand
conservation into 18,000 ha of peatlands in Kuan Kreng. The country is designing a
hydrotechnical scheme to raise the water-table in the target wetlands; the proposed GEF project
will enable provision of external technical expertise necessary to ensure that such large scale and
complex restoration activity is conducted in an environmentally sustainable and scientifically
sound manner. The project includes three components: expanding protection of high
conservation value peat-swamp forests and demonstrating their sustainable use within broader
landscape; implementing technologies to avoid peat-swamp forest degradation and restore
degraded peat-swamp forests; and improving policies, standards and enforcement mechanisms
for conservation and sustainable use of peat-swamp forests.
Tonga: R2R Integrated Land and Agro-ecosystem Management Systems (FAO; GEF-BD:
$174 thousand; GEF total: $2.4 million; Co-finance: $5.4 million; Total cost: $7.8 million)
This project is part of the PICs Ridge to Reef program. The objective is to strengthen the
resilience of communities by enhancing land tenure systems, improve forest management, and
piloting integrated agro-ecosystem approach to rehabilitate degraded landscapes. This integrated
agro-ecosystem management approach will provide a number of benefits: reduced destruction of
agro-biodiversity that provides valuable sources of food and ecosystem services and habitat,
particularly in coastal areas already vulnerable to saltwater inundation and erosion; the
establishment of organic fertilizer as an alternative to the use of harmful pesticides to improve
soil quality and fertility; an increase in rainwater harvesting capacity to reduce the communities’
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vulnerability to drought for adaptation to climate change and climate variability; and the
regeneration of forest landscapes previously degraded by foraging pigs and land clearing as a
conservation program for preserving native biodiversity.
Tunisia: Oases Ecosystems and Livelihoods Project (World Bank; GEF-BD: $1.1 million;
GEF total: $5.8 million; Co-finance: $59.0 million; Total cost: $64.8 million)
The objective is to improve sustainable natural resources management and promote livelihoods
diversification in targeted traditional oases in Tunisia. GEF financing will support broader NRM
and sustainable economic diversification by establishing an integrated and bottom-up
development process through a range of institutional measures and investments. By targeting
traditional and fragile oasis ecosystems, proposed project will contribute to conservation of the
biodiversity (including genetic diversity of date palms), reduction of the severity of land
degradation through participatory management approaches, and increasing the efficiency of
water management for agriculture. As a result, the project will diversify economic activities and
enhance improved livelihoods for the local population (especially women and youth) while
establishing an effective strategy for sustainable development of the country oases.
Tuvalu: R2R Implementing a Ridge to Reef Approach to Protect Biodiversity and
Ecosystem Functions (UNDP; GEF-BD: $1.4 million; GEF total: $3.9 million; Co-finance:
$10.2 million; Total cost: $14.1 million)
The project implements a ‘ridge-to-reef’ approach that integrates terrestrial and marine
biodiversity with water and land management, jointly implemented by government and local
communities, notably the Kaupule (Island Councils). The project will support the strengthening
and development of a network of Locally Managed Marine Areas (LMMAs) to effectively
protect about 15% of its coastline by the end of the project in 2018. It will seek to harmonize
LMMA principles within Tuvalu’s Policy and Legislation, develop Action Plans and implement
selected priorities of these Plans in the nine islands (nature conservation with local communities,
rehabilitation of damaged island and coastal areas, including degrade coral reefs). The project
will require different sectors to work together on sustainable development with local
communities combining LLMAs to improve the protection of natural resources while also
improving access to more reliable land and seafood resources.
Vanuatu: R2R: Integrated Sustainable Land and Coastal Management (FAO; GEF-BD:
$1.7 million; GEF total: $4.7 million; Co-finance: $14.0 million; Total cost: $18.7 million)
The project will improve the current land use practices in efforts to address the major forest
degradation driver, large-scale cattle farming. Silvo-pastoral measures including retention of
trees, planting of fodder crops and improved grass. Fuel wood collection also contributes to
forest degradation in the country. The project addresses this threat directly by replacing wood-
fired facilities with solar driers. The project attempts to tie various aspects of natural resource
planning and rural development together. It will pilot carbon monitoring, reporting and
verification in select areas, allowing for replication of such methods and setting up of a national
level system.

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Venezuela: Sustainable Forest Lands Management and Conservation under an Eco-social
Approach (FAO; GEF-BD: $3.7 million; GEF total: $8.4 million; Co-finance: $25.7 million;
Total cost: $34.2 million)
The project will promote a strategy for natural resources in which forest activities take into
account the short and long term context of ecological, economic and social interactions. The
project will mainstream biodiversity, climate change and land degradation within the forest
sector's approach to SFM. The project will strengthen the national forest inventory system with
improved products on biodiversity, forest carbon and land degradation over an area of 4.4
million ha; two forest management units covering 274,511 ha will have SFM plans developed
with biodiversity and carbon issues addressed; participatory agreements prepared for SFM
implementation with local communities covering over 166,634 ha including the roll out of a new
national system of certification of forest management linked to government performance
payments. The project will also restore over 3,000 ha of degraded forests and is estimated to
enhance carbon stocks in excess of 200,000 tCO2e.
Vietnam: GMS-FBP: Integrating Biodiversity Conservation, Climate Resilience and
Sustainable Forest Management in Central Annamite Landscapes (ADB; GEF-BD: $826
thousand; GEF total: $3.9 million; Co-finance: $55.5 million; Total cost: $59.5 million)
The project aims at integrating biodiversity conservation, climate change mitigation, climate
resilience, and SFM in the Central Annamite landscape. It is fully in line and fits with the
objectives of the Program #4649: Greater Mekong Subregion Forest and Biodiversity, which has
been approved by Council in November 2011. The project would fill strategic spatial and
thematic gaps in the Central Annamite landscape and facilitate positive impacts on the larger
landscape under the ongoing Greater Mekong Subregion Program in Laos, Thailand, Cambodia,
and Vietnam. It specifically addresses vital biodiversity corridors in the Annamite Limestone
landscape in East-West as well as North-South direction. The project focus is on seven PAs and
its corridors with a total of 268,000 hectares. Within these areas, integrated forest restoration
models will be implemented with the participation of local communities.
Yemen: Support to the Integrated Program for the Conservation and Sustainable
Development of the Socotra Archipelago (UNEP; GEF-BD: $3.1 million; GEF total: $5.0
million; Co-finance: $17.6 million; Total cost: $22.6 million)
This project will focus on the improved design and management of the network of Nature
Sanctuaries within the Socotra Archipelago Natural World Heritage Site (WHS). The Nature
Sanctuaries (e.g. Dihamri, Homhil, Ditwah, Wadi Dahero and Roosh), represent approximately
5% of the above WHS's PA network, however, their conservation will underpin the improved
management effectiveness of the entire WHS. In addition, this project will develop a
community-based Invasive Alien Species management program that has been identified as the
number one priority for conservation in the archipelago. This project will render, for the first
time, an integrated sustainable land management plan that will bring together conservation and
development for Socotra WHS, addressing desertification, land degradation and biodiversity
conservation through the development of an integrated Sustainable Land Management plan. This
approach will support a shift towards environmentally friendly local production systems
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including e.g. subsistence pastoralism, small-scale date palm farming, small household-scale
vegetable gardens and related supporting rainwater harvesting and storage systems. This will be
the first time for a project of this nature in the Yemen, a country with unique biodiversity and
affected by serious desertification problems.

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ANNEX 12: SUMMARY DESCRIPTIONS OF MULTI-FOCAL AREA MEDIUM-SIZED PROJECTS
USING BIODIVERSITY FUNDING

Global: ABNJ: Strengthening Global Capacity to Effectively Manage Areas Beyond

National Jurisdiction (ABNJ) (Global; GEF-BD: $506 thousand; GEF total: $1.0 million;
Co-finance: $4.6 million; Total cost: $5.6 million)
This MSP falls under the FAO ABNJ program, "Global sustainable fisheries management and
biodiversity conservation in the marine ABNJ" and aims to promote effective global and regional
coordination, including exchange of information, on marine ABNJ, to ensure sustainable
fisheries and conservation of globally significant biodiversity in the oceans. This project will
build synergies among the efforts and results of the four projects under the ABNJ Program,
synthesizing experiences, lessons-learned and best practices emanating from the projects and
conveying them to stakeholders through coordinated and coherent messaging and outreach,
thereby amplifying the transformational impacts of the ABNJ Program. It aims to promote
effective global and regional coordination, including exchange of information, and to strengthen
capacity at these levels in order to contribute to sustainable fisheries and biodiversity
conservation in ABNJ.

Mali: Scaling up and Replicating Successful Sustainable Land Management (SLM) and
Agroforestry Practices in the Koulikoro Region of Mali (UNEP; GEF-BD: $320 thousand;
GEF total: $1.5 million; Co-finance: $6.8 million; Total cost: $8.3 million)
The proposed project aims to scale up SLM through good management of agricultural landscape
and securing livelihoods of local communities in the context of climate change. The project will
contribute to the global effort of mitigating the effects of land degradation and biodiversity loss
trough restoration of degraded lands with proven technologies including agroforestry, microdose
practices, and protection of forest ecosystems. Better grazing management will also be promoted
to improve animal nutrition and reduce animal pressure. The project will also contribute to the
conservation of the biodiversity of the Baoule Biosphere reserve. The project is based on the
following components: 1) promotion of good SLM agricultural and pastoral practices; 2)
promotion of local alternative livelihood; 3) support to the local level capacity building; and 4)
knowledge management and monitoring.

Morocco: Conservation of Biodiversity and Mitigation of Land Degradation Through

Adaptive Management of Agricultural Heritage Systems (FAO; GEF-BD: $283 thousand;
GEF total: $822 thousand; Co-finance: $7.9 million; Total cost: $8.7 million)
This project is designed to foster a holistic and integrated approach toward management of oases
ecosystems, building on existing baseline investments by the Government and partners. The
project has four main components: enabling environment for the community management of
oases ecosystems; promoting SLM practices in targeted oases; mainstreaming biodiversity in the
production systems; and synthesizing lessons to facilitate scaling-up nationally. This project
provides for the sustainability of the oases systems, including maintenance of ecosystem services
and protection of unique or endemic biodiversity.

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Peru: Conservation, Management and Restoration of Fragile Lomas Ecosystems (IADB;
GEF-BD: $980 thousand; GEF total: $2.1 million; Co-finance: $10.6 million; Total cost:
$12.6 million)
This project will work to protect a threatened and rare ecosystem, the lomas, of Peru. This
project will work with the local governments to develop a series of protected areas for these sites
along with land management plans that incorporate the protection of these sites. There are
existing local efforts to protect and reforest these areas, which this project will build upon and
formalize. This project could provide a model for the implementation of community
management in partnership with local governments. This project builds upon local efforts and
will engage communities in developing plans for sustainable use and generate revenue to support
the PA investments through from tourism from Lima.
Tonga: R2R Integrated Environmental Management of the Fanga’uta Lagoon Catchment
(UNDP; GEF-BD: $835 thousand; GEF total: $1.8 million; Co-finance: $6.7 million; Total
cost: $8.4 million)
The project will support the development of an effective governance system and implement pilot
actions to improve conditions of critical habitats. This project is a pilot project using the Ridge to
Reef integrated approach. The project will introduce an integrated resource management at the
lagoon scale. The project will notably support the development of a cross-sectorial legal
framework, the maintenance of water quality of reef areas, and the establishment of protected
areas. By strengthening government capacity, legal framework, and by catalyzing conservation
initiatives at landscape level, the project will anchor integrative management approach at the
relevant decision making level.

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 ANNEX 13: SUMMARY DESCRIPTIONS OF ENABLING ACTIVITIES IN THE BIODIVERSITY FOCAL
AREA APPROVED DURING THE REPORTING PERIOD

ANNEX 6 PROVIDES A SUMMARY OF THE ENABLING ACTIVITY PROJECTS FUNDED AND GIVEN THAT
ALL ARE EXECUTING A SIMILAR SET OF ACTIVITIES TO REVIEW THE NBSAP, A SUMMARY OF EACH
PROJECT IS NOT PROVIDED HERE.

THE TABLE BELOW LISTS THE ACTIVITIES FOR WHICH EACH COUNTRY CAN RECEIVE SUPPORT AS
PART OF THEIR NBSAP REVISION.

NBSAP Revision and Related

Activities
I. Stocktaking and Assessment 1. Rapid stocktaking and review of relevant plans, policies and
reports
2. Identification of stakeholders; consultations and awareness
3. Rapid assessment of the causes and consequences of biodiversity
loss highlighting the value of biodiversity and ecosystem services
and their contribution to Human well-being
II. Setting national targets, principles, 4. Setting national targets, principles, & main priorities of the
& main priorities of the strategy strategy though national consultations

III. Strategy and action plan 5. Developing the strategy and actions to implement the agreed
development targets though national consultations
6. Application of the NBSAP to sub-national entities through sub-
national and local consultations
7. Sectoral integration including mainstreaming into development,
poverty reduction and climate change plans through sectoral
consultations
IV. Development of 8. Development of a plan for capacity development for NBSAP
Implementation plans and related implementation.
activities 9. Technology needs assessment
10. Development of a communication and outreach strategy for the
NBSAP.
11. Development of a plan for resource mobilization for NBSAP
implementation
V. Institutional, monitoring, reporting 12. Establishment/ strengthening of national coordination structures
and exchange 13. CHM development.
14. Development of indicators and monitoring approach
15. Fifth national report

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ANNEX 14: SUMMARY DESCRIPTIONS OF PROJECTS APPROVED AND FUNDED BY THE NAGOYA
PROTOCOL IMPLEMENTATION FUND (NPIF)

Argentina: Promoting the Application of the Nagoya Protocol on ABS (UNDP; GEF NPIF:
$958 thousand; Co-finance: $3.0 million; Total cost: $4.0 million)
This project will contribute to the ratification and implementation of the Nagoya Protocol by
strengthening the national access and benefit-sharing (ABS) framework, and by supporting a
pilot to develop anti-diarrheal products. This follows the investigations of the National Institute
of Agricultural Technology (INTA) on llama-derived antibodies as complementary or alternative
passive immunity strategies to prevent virus-induced diarrhea. Access to the genetic resources
will be provided under the principles of PIC, MAT and benefit-sharing, with monetary and non-
monetary benefits reinvested in the conservation of the Guanacos and their habitats. This project
will result in: 1) Strengthening the national ABS framework and building capacity to facilitate
implementation of the Nagoya Protocol by means of the ratification of the Nagoya Protocol, a
National framework for the protection of traditional knowledge, and the approval of ABS
regulation and administrative procedures of the Chubut province; 2) The conservation and
sustainable use of the guanaco population by strengthening the national and provincial
management plans for the conservation and sustainable use of guanacos, the improvement of the
quality of life for local communities, and a survey protocol for the study of the sanitary status of
the guanaco population in Chubut province; and 3) A pilot project using genetic resources from
guanacos to develop an anti-diarrheal products. Activities will include biochemical studies of the
functional properties of the antibodies found in guanacos, and pre-clinical studies to supplement
children’s milk diet with the antibodies as a preventive strategy for virus-induced diarrhea.

Bhutan: Implementing the Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and Benefit
Sharing (UNDP; GEF NPIF: $1 million; Co-finance: $2 million; Total cost: $3 million)
In order to safeguard Bhutan's biodiversity and its genetic resources, which is under increased
threats, the country sees great potential in sustainably utilizing its genetic resources through a
long-term vision which enables the fair and equitable sharing of benefits through access to its
genetic resources, part of which in turn is ploughed back into a conservation fund to sustain
conservation initiatives in the country. This project is expected to develop and implement the
necessary national ABS framework, build national capacities and facilitate the discovery of
nature-based products in Bhutan. The project includes the following components: 1)
strengthening national regulatory and institutional framework on ABS; 2) capacity building and
awareness raising for implementation of the national BS framework; 3) piloting agreements on
ABS. These will demonstrate: 1) two ABS agreements with the private companies, 2) five lead
compounds to be identified and considered for the development of cosmetic and pharmaceutical
products, and 3) two trial products for manufacturing cosmetic and pharmaceutical products.

Cameroon: A Bottom Up Approach to ABS: Community Level Capacity Development for

Successful Engagement in ABS Value Chains in Cameroon (Echinops giganteus) (UNDP;
GEF-BD: $500 thousand; GEF-NPIF: $440 thousand; Co-finance: $1.1 million; Total cost:
$2.0 million)

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The objective of this project is to build the capacity of Indigenous Peoples and local
communities (ILCs) in Cameroon to better engage in the negotiations with users of genetic
resources. This project will result in the capacity of indigenous and local communities’ in
Cameroon to better engage with users of genetic resources by strengthening the value chains of
products derived from the plants Echinops giganteus in Cameroon. This species is of interest to
the fragrance and flavor sectors. The experiences derived from the pilot will be used in the
national legislation and regulatory frameworks governing ABS in Cameroon. The ILCs will
participate in ABS-compliant value chains based on genetic resources and associated traditional
knowledge. This project will allow these communities to directly engage with the users of
genetic resources and negotiate the access to the genetic resources and the terms for sharing the
benefits derived from their utilization.

Colombia: The Development and Production of Natural Dyes in the Choco Region of
Colombia for the Food, Cosmetics and Personal Care Industries Under the Provisions of
the Nagoya Protocol (UNDP; GEF NPIF: $1 million; Co-finance: $1.5 million; Total cost:
$2.5 million)

The project will support research and development processes necessary to improve the
transformation of raw juice from the fruit of Genipa americana into a blue dye with potential
applications for the food, cosmetic and personal care industries. This project aims at the
development of natural plant colorants for the food, cosmetics and personal care industries. As
part of this project the partners are committed to establish the industrial production facilities to
generate the dry colorant derived from the plant G. americana. This project will also result in the
conservation of 750 ha of tropical rain forest under sustainable management by the local
communities. The Government of Colombia will use this project to advance the national ABS
agenda including a resolution proposal for sharing monetary benefits between users and
providers of genetic resources.

Cook Islands: Strengthening the Implementation of the Nagoya Protocol on Access to

Genetic Resources and Benefit Sharing in the Cook Islands (UNDP: 5613; GEF NPIF: $930
thousand; Co-finance: $1.5 million; Total cost: $2.4 million)

This project will allow the Cook Islands to develop and implement a complete national Access
and Benefit Sharing (ABS) framework, build national capacities and support a pilot ABS
agreement based on Traditional Knowledge and Public-Private Partnership. This project will
result in: i) the ratification of the Nagoya Protocol (NP), ii) the strengthening of the national
ABS and traditional knowledge regulatory framework in compliance with the NP, iii) the
revision of the ABS agreement between "Cook Islands Medical Technologies” - CIMTECH (a
natural products research and development company) and "Koutu Nui" (a lawfully recognized
indigenous representative body) to ensure compliance with the NP; iv) the improved facilities
and extraction protocols for the active compound with bone and cartilage regeneration
properties derived from "Au" (Hibiscus tiliaceus); v) the strengthened capacities of the local
communities on sustainable cultivation/collection of plant material; and vi) the conservation of
the habitats of H. tiliaceus through traditional conservation and sustainable extraction practices.

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Costa Rica: Promoting the Application of the Nagoya Protocol through the Development of
Nature-based Products, Benefit-sharing and Biodiversity Conservation (UNDP; GEF
NPIF: $1 million; Co-finance: $4.6 million; Total cost: $5.6 million)

The objective of this project is to implement the Nagoya Protocol on Access and Benefit Sharing
of Genetic Resources through the development of nature-based crop-protection products and the
strengthening of the capacity of the National Commission for the Management of Biodiversity
(CONAGEBio), the Costa Rican ABS national authority. This project will complete the gaps in
the scientific research process needed to validate the potential of DMDP (a sugar alkaloid
derived from the tree of the genus Lonchocarpus) and isolate 468B (a micro fungus derived
compound) for crop-protection products. The strain 468B is an activator of the natural defense
systems of plants and has the potential to be developed into a product that could be labeled as a
Bio-Activator of Resistance (BAR), against both fungal and bacterial diseases in crops like
bananas and coffee. In addition, this project will strengthen the institutional capacity on ABS
resulting in a proposal to modify the current national ABS framework and in the ratification of
the Nagoya Protocol, and thus, contributing to the early entry into force of this internationally
legally binding protocol.

Fiji: Discovering Nature-based Products and Build National Capacities for the Application
of the Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and Benefit Sharing (UNDP; GEF
NPIF: $1 million; Co-finance: $2.4 million; Total cost: $3.4 million)
This project will allow research and development (R&D) on nature-based products of interest to
the pharmaceutical and agrochemical industries under the provisions of the Nagoya Protocol,
target investments for the conservation and sustainable use of genetic resources in marine
ecosystems, and support the ABS agenda of the Government of Fiji. This project will support: i)
the discovery of active compounds in marine organisms [i.e. seaweeds, invertebrates, and deep-
water microbes (bacteria and fungi)] for pharmaceutical (malaria, dengue, cancer, TB,
Leishmaniasis, HIV) and agrochemical uses, ii) the operationalization of ABS Agreements and
Benefit Sharing between users (pharmaceutical and agro-chemical companies) and providers of
genetic resources (local communities in Fiji Local Marine Managed Areas -FLMMA) under the
supervision of the Ministry of iTaukei Affairs; iii) the strengthening of Bio-prospecting in Fiji
through technology transfer; and iv) the establishment of Administrative systems and increasing
understanding and actions of the national ABS Committee on access and benefit sharing.

Gabon: Implementation of National Strategy and Action Plan on Access to Genetic

Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits Accruing From Their Utilization
(UNDP; GEF-NPIF: $913 thousand; Co-finance: $1.8 million; Total cost: $2.7 million)
The objective of this project is to put in place the basic legal and administrative requirements to
comply with the Nagoya Protocol, to make the protocol known among the relevant
constituencies, and to make it operational by providing access to potential users of genetic
resources. This project will result in: 1) Implementation of ABS Measures: i) development and
validation of Legislative and Administrative measures: i) ABS procedural tools (PIC, MAT,
manual) for ABS process for benefit sharing, ii) legislation and regulations with provisions for

119
dispute resolution mechanism, protection of Traditional Knowledge, Innovation and Practices
and agreements for transfer of genetic/biological materials. 2) Strengthened the capacity for
implementation by means of: i) A National Advisory Committee, ii) A Center of biodiversity
Information exchange, iii) identification of check points for biological and genetic resources. 3)
Training and public awareness campaigns: (i) Communication, Education, Participation and
Awareness (CEPA) sessions on Nagoya Protocol, iii) stakeholders in local communities and
management personnel in Customs Administration and Ministry of Water and Forests trained on
ABS procedures.

Global: Global Support for the Entry into Force of the Nagoya Protocol on Access and
Benefit Sharing (UNDP; GEF NPIF: $1 million; Co-finance: $627 thousand; Total cost:
$1.6 million)
This project aims to provide support for the legislative agenda of the participating countries, key
pieces of information to take informed decisions on the implications of ratification and
implementation of the Protocol. Participating countries would need to certify that they can
potentially ratify the Nagoya Protocol by carrying out the activities included in this project and
that a complete legal and regulatory framework are not needed for the legislature to consider
ratification. The project will result in institutional, policy, legal and regulatory frameworks
evaluated for consideration by the legislature and key stakeholder groups (particularly policy
makers) taking informed decisions on the implications of ratification and implementation of the
Nagoya Protocol.

Kenya: Developing the Microbial Biotechnology Industry from Kenya's Soda Lakes in line
with the Nagoya Protocol (UNEP; GEF NPIF: $913 thousand; Co-finance: $1.8 million;
Total cost: $2.7 million)
This project will focus on research and development with special emphasis on enzymes of
interest to the biofuels, textile, food and beverage, protein hydrolysis, and bio-pesticides
industries. This project will result in: 1) systematic discovery of natural products for industrial
enzymes and bio-pesticides with at least 1 enzyme product developed for the biofuel, textile,
food and beverage industries and at least 1 bio-pesticide for enhanced seed and seedling
treatment; 2) technology transfer - technology transferred (including equipment, know-how and
training) from users to provider organizations and an effective bioinformatics system established
at the Kenya Wildlife Service (KWS) for monitoring and evaluation; 3) ABS agreements
developed -at least 1 ABS agreement between providers (KWS and Soda Lakes communities-
county government), local Kenyan institutions, and industrial partners; and 4) the policy, legal
and regulatory frameworks on ABS upgraded in compliance with the provisions of the Nagoya
Protocol.

Regional: Ratification and Implementation of the Nagoya Protocol for the Member
countries of the Central African Forests Commission COMIFAC (UNEP; GEF NPIF: $1.8
million; Co-finance: $8.3 million; Total cost: $10.1 million)
This project will contribute with the ratification and implementation of the Nagoya Protocol of
the 10 member countries of the Central African Forests Commission (COMIFAC). By the end of
the project, the 10 countries of COMIFAC (Burundi, Cameroon, Chad, Central African

120
Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Republic of Congo,
Rwanda and San Tome & Principe) will have ratified and started implementing basic provisions
of the Nagoya Protocol. Gabon and Rwanda, who ratified the Nagoya Protocol already, will be
using this project for implementation of basic measures and to participate on regional activities.

Regional: Ratification and Implementation of the Nagoya Protocol in the Countries of the
Pacific Region (UNEP; GEF NPIF: $1.8 million; Co-finance: $950 thousand; Total cost:
$2.7 million)
The project will result in the ratification and implementation of basic measures of the Nagoya
Protocol by the 14 participating countries. Ratification of the NP will be achieved by developing
the following activities: i) scoping study of the existing laws and regulations related to ABS at
the national and regional level; ii) analysis of the implications of ratification of the protocol; iii)
draft document for ratification by the relevant authority; iv) public awareness among
parliamentarians and other decisions makers. Implementation of basic provisions of the Nagoya
Protocol will be carried out by stocktaking and assessment of capacities and systems to
implement basic provisions of the NP, strategy and action plan for the implementation of ABS
measures, and building capacity among stakeholders with particular emphasis in the Government
agencies in charge of making the protocol operational.

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 ANNEX 15. SAVE OUR SPECIES PROGRAM GRANTS APPROVED DURING THE REPORTING
PERIOD

Project Title SOS grant Co- Organization Target Species Country(ies)

funding ($) finacing ($)
Ensuring a future for the Critically 49,962 11,416 Fauna & Flora Siamese crocodile Cambodia
Endangered Siamese crocodile International (Crocodylus
(FFI) siamensis) (CR)
Conserving the Critically 66,209 33,302 Ashoka Trust White-bellied India
Endangered White-bellied Heron, for Research Heron (Ardea
Ardea insignis in key sites of the in Ecology insignis) (CR)
Manas Tiger Reserve in Assam, and the
India Environment
(ATREE)
South African Cycad Species 63,791 31,911 Endangered 33 Encephalartos South Africa
Protection Project Wildlife Trust Cycad species
(EWT)
Creating Connections: Working 49,940 23,442 Whitley Sulawesi crested Indonesia
Together to Protect the Last Wildlife black macaque
Stronghold of the Endemic Conservation (Macaca nigra)
Sulawesi Crested Black Macaque Trust (CR)
(Macaca nigra) (WWCT)
Conservation of Atlantic 82,303 42,240 Wildlife Atlantic humpback Gabon,
Humpback Dolphins in Gabon and Conservation dolphin (Sousa Congo
Congo - a refuge for an embattled Society teuszii) (VU)
and forgotten species (WCS)
Preventing Bycatch of Irrawaddy 99,370 65,938 World Wide Irrawaddy dolphin Cambodia
Dolphins in the Mekong River Fund for (Orcaella
Nature brevirostris) (CR)
(WWF)
Conservation of Endangered and 140,416 141,285 Wildlife Siamang Indonesia,
Critically Endangered Gibbons of Conservation (Symphalangus Lao PDR,
Southeast Asia Society syndactylus) (EN) Malaysia
(WCS) Agile gibbon
(Hylobates agilis)
(EN)
Lar gibbon
(Hylobates lar)
(EN)
Northern white-
cheeked gibbon
(Nomascus
leucogenys) (CR)
Implementing a regional model to 151,866 269,099 Turtle Northern River Bangladesh,
conserve large River Terrapins of Survival Terrapin (Batagur Cambodia,
the genus Batagur in South and Alliance baska) (CR) India
Southeast Asia (TSA) Southern River
Terrapin (Batagur
affinis) (Not
assessed)
Red-crowned
Roofed Turtle

122
 Project Title SOS grant Co- Organization Target Species Country(ies)
funding ($) finacing ($)
(Batagur kachuga)
(CR)
Securing the future of Gangetic 90,000 180,549 Aaranyak Ganges River India
dolphin in Brahmaputra river Dolphin
system (India) through local (Platanista
community engagement and gangetica
empowerment gangetica) (EN)
Saving the Saola - Intensifying 120,000 268,774 World Wide Saola (Pseudoryx Lao PDR,
protection across a trans-boundary Fund for nghetinhensis) Vietnam
landscape Nature (CR)
(WWF) Large-antlered
muntjac
(Muntiacus
vuquangensis)
(EN)
People and Nature: Sustainable 99,976 189,151 Woodland Matschie’s Tree Papua New
solutions to conserve endemic and Park Zoo Kangaroo Guinea
globally threatened species on (WPZ) (Dendrolagus
Papua New Guinea’s Huon matschiei) (EN)
Peninsula Western Long-
Beaked Echidna
(Zaglossus bruijni)
(CR)
New Guinea
Pademelon
(Thylogale browni)
(VU)
Saving a Threatened Cycad 27,871 6,444 Montgomery Zamia prasina Belize
Species: Zamia prasina in Belize. Botanical (CR)
Center, Inc. Zamia decumbens
(MBC)
West African Manatee 102,400 91,800 Sea 2 Shore West African Mali,
Conservation. manatee Senegal,
(Trichechus Nigeria
senegalensis) (VU)
Conserving A Suite of Northern 167,032 167,409 Wildlife Giant Ibis Cambodia
Cambodia’s Threatened Bird Conservation (Thaumatibis
Species. Society gigantea) (CR)
(WCS) White-shouldered
Ibis (Pseudibis
davisoni) (CR)
Bengal Florican
(Houbaropsis
bengalensis) (CR)
White-rumped
Vulture (Gyps
bengalensis) (CR)
Slender-billed
Vulture (Gyps
tenuirostris) (CR)
Red-headed

123
 Project Title SOS grant Co- Organization Target Species Country(ies)
funding ($) finacing ($)
Vulture (Sarcogyps
calvus) (CR)
Greater Adjutant
(Leptoptilos
dubius) (EN)
Green Peafowl
(Pavo muticus)
(EN)
Masked Finfoot
(Heliopais
personatus) (EN)
Conservation of the saola and other 127,611 127,644 Wildlife Saola (Pseudoryx Lao PDR
endangered mammals of the Phou Conservation nghetinhensis)
Sithone Endangered Species Society (CR)
Conservation Area in Laos (WCS)
Management strategy to establish 49,000 10,000 Universidad Zamia disodon Colombia
new populations and guarantee the de Antioquia (CR)
persistence of critically endangered Zamia restrepoi
species of Cycads in Colombia (CR)
Zamia wallissi
(CR)
Filipinos for Flying Foxes: 98,490 50,280 Bat Golden-capped Philippines
Community-based roost Conservation fruit bat (Acerodon
sanctuaries for the world’s largest International jubatus) (EN)
bat (Acerodon jubatus) (BCI)
Safeguarding endangered Douc 40,300 8,100 Douc Langur Red shanked Douc Vietnam
Langurs and critically endangered Foundation langur (Pygathrix
Gibbons at Son Tra Nature Reserve (DLF) nemaeus) (EN)
and Chu Mom Ray National Park, Grey shanked Douc
Vietnam Langur (Pygathrix
cinerea) (EN)
Gibbon (Nomascus
annamensis) (CR)
Saving vaquita from extinction 195,000 203,528 World Vaquita (Phocoena Mexico
through effective and permanent Wildlife Fund, sinus) (CR)
gear swaps Inc.(WWF)
Conservation of Priority 134,996 142,330 Endangered The Clanwilliam South Africa
Freshwater Ecosystems and Wildlife Trust sandfish (Labeo
Threatened Species in the Cape (EWT) seeberi) (EN)
Floristic Region Barrydale redfin
(Pseudobarbus
burchelli) (CR)
Clanwilliam sawfin
(Barbus serra)
(EN)
Comprehensive community-based 80,000 80,000 Alliance for Maleo Indonesia
conservation of the endangered Tompotika (Macrocephalon
maleo bird (Macrocephalon maleo) Conservation maleo) (EN)
in Tompotika, Sulawesi (AlTo)
Strengthening Protection and 99,976 231,186 International Javan rhino Indonesia
Habitat Management for the Rhino (Rhinoceros
124
 Project Title SOS grant Co- Organization Target Species Country(ies)
funding ($) finacing ($)
Critically Endangered Javan Rhino Foundation sondaicus) (CR)
(IRF) Javan banteng (Bos
javanicus) (EN)

Enhancing Protection of the 199,888 221,600 International Sumatran Indonesia

Critically Endangered Sumatran Rhino rhinoceros
Rhino Foundation (Dicerorhinus
(IRF) sumatrensis) (CR)
Sumatran elephant
(Elephas maximus
sumatranus) (EN)
Sumatran tiger
(Panthera tigris
sumatrae) (EN)
Dugong Emergency Protection 61,747 13,293 Endangered Dugong (Dugong Mozambique
Project Wildlife Trust dugon) (VU)
(EWT)
Saving Threatened Coastal 59,988 34,608 Wildlife Irrawaddy dolphin Bangladesh
Cetaceans in Collaboration with Conservation (Orcaella
Gillnet Fishermen in Coastal Society brevirostris) (VU),
Waters of Bangladesh (WCS) Indo-Pacific finless
porpoise
(Neophocaena
phocaenoides)
(VU)
Participatory Conservation of West 99,000 59,000 Stichting West African Guinea-
African chimpanzees and their Chimbo Chimpanzee (Pan Bissau
habitat in and around the future troglodytes ssp.
Boé National Park verus) (EN)
Combating the most urgent threats 154,182 206,272 Wildlife African forest Democratic
to endangered African forest Conservation elephant Republic of
elephants and okapi in the Ituri Society (Loxodonta Congo (DRC)
forest of DRC. (WCS) africana) (VU)
Okapi (Okapia
johnstoni) (EN)
Immediate bycatch protection for 35,702 46,536 OCEANA Shortfin mako Chile
the vulnerable shortfin mako shark shark (Isurus
in Chile oxyrinchus) (VU)
Conservation of two highly 87,400 44,375 Fauna & Flora Yuanbaoshan Fir China
threatened Abies species in International (Abies
southern China (FFI) yuanbaoshanensis)
(CR)
Ziyuan Fir (Abies
ziyuanensis) (EN)
Conservation of endemic and 49,999 20,676 PRONATUR 3 Cycad species : Mexico
threatened cycads of Chiapas, A SUR Ceratozamia
Mexico through community matudae (EN)
participation Zamia
soconuscensis
(VU)
Ceratozamia
125
 Project Title SOS grant Co- Organization Target Species Country(ies)
funding ($) finacing ($)
mirandae (EN)
The Mulanje Cedar Ecological 175,000 223,200 Mulanje Mulanje Cedar Malawi
Restoration Project Mountain (Widdringtonia
Conservation whyteii) (CR)
Trust
Protection of the Mediterranean 99,560 49,966 Fundación Mediterranean Mauritania
monk seal (Monachus monachus) CBD-Habitat monk seal
colony of the Cap Blanc peninsula, (Monachus
Mauritania monachus) (CR)
Conservation of the Fiji Acmopyle 49,670 11,105 Fiji Nature Fiji Acmopyle Fiji
- a forgotten icon Conservation (Acmopyle
Trust - sahniana) (CR)
NatureFiji-
MareqetiViti
(NFMV)
Sharks and rays: from the end of 49,750 10,950 Fauna & Flora Common Cape Verde
the line to the front of the eyes International smoothhound
(FFI) (Mustelus
mustelus) (VU)
Reef manta ray
(Manta alfredi)
(VU)
Scalloped
Hammerhead shark
(EN)
Squat-headed
hammerhead shark
(Sphyrna
mokarran) (EN)
Smooth
hammerhead
(Sphyrna zygaena)
(VU)
Piked dogfish
(Squalus
acanthias) (VU)
Improving the conservation status 99,000 50,000 WildAid Giant Manta Ray China
of Manta rays through demand (Manta birostris)
reduction and CITES (VU)
implementation assistance in China Reef Manta Ray
(Manta alfredi)
(VU)
AALF Project in Gabon : wildlife 69,875 148,000 Conservation African elephant Gabon
law enforcement (Appui à Justice (CJ) (Loxodonta
l’Application de la Loi sur la africanus) (VU)
Faune) Western gorilla
(Gorilla gorilla)
(CR)
Chimpanzee (Pan
troglodytes) (EN)
African manatee

126
 Project Title SOS grant Co- Organization Target Species Country(ies)
funding ($) finacing ($)
(Trichechus
senegalensis) - VU
Protecting the Dja biosphere 135,157 128,420 Zoological African elephant Cameroon
reserve and surrounding area, a Society of (Loxodonta NO
world heritage site in danger and London (ZSL) africana cyclotis)
conservation priority for elephants (VU)
and great apes Western gorilla
(Gorilla gorilla)
(CR)
Common
chimpanzee (Pan
troglydytes
troglydytes) (EN)
Development and implementation 145,000 148,000 PRETOMA Scalloped Colombia,
of an integrated management Hammerhead Costa Rica,
strategy for Sphyrna lewini in the (Sphyrna lewini) Ecuador,
Eastern Tropical Pacific (EN) El Salvador
Conserving Timneh parrots 47,710 12,900 World Parrot Timneh parrot Guinea-
through protection of key breeding Trust (WPT) (Psittacus timneh) Bissau NO
areas and the enforcement of (VU)
wildlife trade legislation in West
Africa
Community-based Marine Turtle 79,153 43,202 Sea Turtle Leatherback Liberia NO
Conservation Project in Watch (STW) (Dermochelys
Southeastern Liberia coriacea) (CR)
Hawksbill
(Eretmochlys
imbricata) (CR)
Olive ridley
(Lepidochelys
olivacea) (VU)
Green Turtle
(Chelonia mydas)
(EN)
AFRICASAW 82,000 41,000 Des Requins Smalltooth Sawfish The Gambia,
et Des (Pristis pectinata) Guinea-
Hommes (CR) Bissau, NO
(DRDH) Largetooth Sawfish Senegal,
(Pristis pristis) Sierra Leone,
(CR) NO
Guinea
Conservation of the Bonobo (Pan 94,399 152,394 Mbou-Mon- Bonobo (Pan Democratic
paniscus) in the Bolobo Territory Tour (MMT) paniscus) (EN) Republic of
(Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC)
Congo), by area protection, raising
awareness and the development of
livelihood alternatives
Renatura program to reduce impact 88,578 63,645 RENATURA 5 species of marine Republic of
of fisheries’ by catch on threatened Congo turtle (CR / EN / Congo
species in Congo-Brazzaville VU)
5 species of shark

127
 Project Title SOS grant Co- Organization Target Species Country(ies)
funding ($) finacing ($)
(EN / VU)
Creation of a Community- 30,000 35,616 West African Miss Waldron’s red Ghana
Managed Forest in Western Ghana Primate colobus
and Potential Trans-Border Conservation (Procolobus badius
Reserve between Ghana and Côte Action-Ghana waldroni) (CR)
d’Ivoire (WAPCA) Roloway monkey
(Cercopithecus
diana roloway)
(EN)
White-naped
mangabey
(Cercocebus atys
lunulatus) (EN)
Continued Development of a 50,000 67,960 Reptile and Leatherback Sierra Leone
Community-Based Marine Turtle Amphibian (Dermochelys
Conservation Program for Sierra Program - coriacea) (CR)
Leone Sierra Leone Hawksbill
(RAP-SL) (Eretmochlys
imbricata) (CR)
Loggerhead
(Caretta caretta)
(EN)
Olive ridley
(Lepidochelys
olivacea) (VU)
Green Turtle
(Chelonia mydas)
(EN)
Global Mobulid Conservation, 100,000 210,000 The Manta Giant Manta Ray India,
Education and Awareness Trust (Manta birostris) Indonesia,
Programme (VU) Peru,
Reef Manta Ray Philippiens,
(Manta alfredi) Sri Lanka
(VU)
Implementing the First Liberian 45,000 22,500 Fauna & Flora Pygmy Liberia
National Action Plan for the International Hippopotamus
Endangered Pygmy Hippopotamus (FFI) (Choeropsis
liberiensis) (EN)
Conservation of the Critically 50,000 40,000 Herp- Togo slippery frog Ghana
Endangered Togo Slippery Frog Conservation (Conraua derooi)
(Conraua derooi) Ghana (CR)
Conservation of endangered 189,054 189,054 Wildlife Great hammerhead Belize,
hammerheads through Conservation (Sphyrna Mexico,
collaborative efforts to reduce the Society mokarran) (EN) Honduras
use of destructive fishing gear in (WCS) Scalloped
the Mesoamerican Barrier Reef hammerhead
System (Sphyrna lewini)
(EN)
Conservation of the western 50,000 25,000 Fundación Western Guinea-
chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes CBD-Habitat chimpanzee (Pan Bissau
verus) at the National Park of troglodytes
128
 Project Title SOS grant Co- Organization Target Species Country(ies)
funding ($) finacing ($)
Cantanhez (Guinea-Bissau) verus)(EN)
Conservation of three endangered 49,972 11,242 Wildlife Preuss’s red Nigeria
primates in the Oban Division of Conservation colobus
Cross River National Park, Nigeria Society (Procolobus
(WCS) preussi) (CR)
Drill (Mandrillus
leucophaeus) (EN)
Nigeria-Cameroon
chimpanzee (Pan
troglodytes elllioti)
(EN)
Community based water resource 100,000 400,000 PROTOS Encephalartos Uganda
management program for the whitelockii (CR)
conservation of Encephalartos
whitelockii cycads in the
downstream part of Mpanga
catchment in western Uganda.
In- and Ex-Situ Conservation of 90,000 80,500 Rare Species West African Ivory Coast
Mecistops in the Upper Guinea Conservatory slender-snouted
Forest Region Foundation crocodile
(RSCF) (Mecistops
cataphractus)
(CR)
Emergency Protection for the 20,000 17,000 American Bird White-bellied Peru
Critically Endangered White- Conservancy cinclodes
bellied Cinclodes (Peru) (Cinclodes
palliates) (CR)
Combating a new elephant 18,000 52,000 The WILD African elephant Mali
poaching threat in the Gourma Foundation (Loxodonta
region of Mali africana) (VU)
SELI 1 Oil Spill Response - saving 22,000 18,500 SANCCOB - African penguin South Africa
endangered African penguins Southern (Spheniscus
African demersus) (EN)
Foundation for
the
Conservation
of Coastal
Birds
Emergency rescue of >5% of the 21,960 12,110 Fauna & Flora Siamese crocodile Cambodia
wild breeding population of International (Crocodylus
Critically Endangered Siamese siamensis) (CR)
crocodiles
Urgent conservation action to 25,000 3,000 Leo African elephant Cameroon
safeguard elephants and lions from Foundation (Loxodonta
poachers in Cameroon's Bouba- africana) (VU)
Ndjidda N.P. Lion (Panthera
leo) (VU)

129
 Project Title SOS grant Co- Organization Target Species Country(ies)
funding ($) finacing ($)
Stopping the Bleeding: Increased 24,828 82,418 FREEDOM Siamese rosewood Thailand
Enforcement Capacity for Foundation (Dalbergia
Thailand’s Thap Lan National Park cochinchinensis)
to Address Rampant Rosewood (VU)
Poaching
Totals $4,985,081 $5,371,870 42 CSOs 129 Species 42 Countries

130
Annex 16. SCCF and LDCF Projects Approved During the Reporting Period that
Contribute to the Objectives of the CBD

APPROVED SCCF PROJECTS THAT CONTRIBUTE TO THE OBJECTIVES OF THE CBD

Total
SCCF
amount Co-
GEF (grant + financing
Country Title Agency fees) ($) ($)
Sustainable Agricultural Livelihoods in World
Lebanon Marginal Areas (SALMA) Bank 7,862,398 26,100,000
Building climate resilience through
Antigua and innovative financing mechanisms for
Barbuda climate change adaptation UNEP 5,584,500 6,290,000
Climate Change Adaptation in the
Regional Eastern Caribbean Fisheries Sector FAO 6,142,950 34,850,000
Building Climate Resilience of Urban
Systems through Ecosystem-based
Adaptation (EbA) in Latin America and
Regional the Caribbean UNEP 6,734,250 21,910,000
Increasing Productivity and Adaptive
Capacities in Mountain Areas of
Morocco Morocco (IPAC-MAM) IFAD 7,198,450 24,000,000
West Balkans Drina River Basin World
Regional Management Project Bank 5,000,000 99,700,000
Technology Transfer for Climate
Bosnia- Resilient Flood Management in Vrbas
Herzegovina River Basin UNDP 5,639,250 12,540,000

Totals 44,161,798 225,390,000

131
APPROVED LDCF PROJECTS THAT CONTRIBUTE TO THE OBJECTIVES OF THE CBD

Total
LDCF
amount Co-
GEF (grant + financing
Country Title Agency fees) ($) ($)
Reducing vulnerability of natural resource
dependent livelihoods in two landscapes at
risk of the effects of climate change in
Burkina Burkina Faso: Boucles du Mouhoun Forest
Faso Corridor and Mare d’Oursi Wetlands Basin UNDP 7,831,400 30,822,541
Implementing adaptation technologies in
fragile ecosystems of Djibouti's Central
Djibouti Plains UNEP 8,182,350 14,170,000
Regional Climate Proofing Development in the Pacific ADB 15,012,000 51,220,000
Reducing Vulnerability from Climate Change
in the Foothills, Lowlands and the Lower
Lesotho Senqu River Basin UNDP 9,195,998 26,000,000
Strengthening Capacity for Climate Change
Adaptation through Support to Integrated
Watershed Management Programme in
Lesotho Lesotho FAO 3,999,700 7,763,000
Building resilience of communities living in
degraded forests, savannahs and wetlands of
Rwanda through an ecosystem management
Rwanda approach. UNEP 6,132,000 10,844,000
Catalyzing ecosystem restoration for resilient
natural capital and rural livelihoods in
Nepal degraded forests and rangelands of Nepal UNEP 5,854,390 11,573,000
Addressing Urgent Coastal Adaptation Needs UNDP,
Angola and Capacity Gaps in Angola UNEP 6,931,350 11,520,000
Integrating Climate Change into
Environment and Sustainable Land
Angola Management Practices AfDB 5,000,000 19,995,000
Increasing resilience of ecosystems and
vulnerable communities to CC and anthropic
threats through a ridge to reef approach to
Haiti BD conservation and watershed management UNDP 6,000,000 25,300,000
Ecosystem-Based Adaptation targeting
vulnerable communities of the Upper Guinea
Guinea Region UNDP 8,979,000 27,600,000
Strengthening the resilience of the energy
sector in Benin to the impacts of climate
Benin change UNDP 8,979,000 30,000,000

132
 Total
LDCF
amount Co-
GEF (grant + financing
Country Title Agency fees) ($) ($)
Promoting Climate Resilient Community-
based Regeneration of Indigenous Forests in
Zambia Zambia's Central Province UNDP 4,363,575 23,698,776
Disaster Risk Management and Urban World
Niger Development Project Bank 7,281,000 100,000,000
Ecosystem-based Approaches to Adaptation
(EbA) in the Drought-prone Barind Tract and
Bangladesh Haor wetland Area UNEP 5,803,500 17,000,000
Strengthening Agro-climatic Monitoring and
Information Systems to Improve Adaptation
to Climate Change and Food Security in Lao
Lao PDR PDR FAO 6,164,250 16,755,500
Climate Adaptation in Wetlands Areas
Lao PDR (CAWA) FAO 5,330,000 16,905,000
Mainstreaming Ecosystem-based Approaches
to Climate-resilient Rural Livelihoods in
Vulnerable Rural Areas through the Farmer
Senegal Field School Methodology FAO 6,999,250 29,895,000
Haiti Ecosystem Approach to Haiti’s Cote Sud UNEP 3,524,628 10,915,000
Strengthening land & ecosystem management
under conditions of climate change in the
Niayes and Casamance regions - Republic of
Senegal Senegal UNDP 4,653,750 43,700,000
Adapting Community Forestry landscapes
and associated community livelihoods to a
changing climate, in particular an increase in
the frequency and intensity of extreme
Myanmar weather events UNEP 5,570,812 19,211,000
Development of an improved and innovative
delivery system for climate resilient
Mauritania livelihoods in Mauritania UNEP 5,584,500 11,900,000
Enhancing Climate Resilience of the
Vulnerable Communities and Ecosystems in
Somalia Somalia UNDP 8,979,000 37,121,000
Sudan Livestock and Rangeland Resilience Program IFAD 9,415,970 25,000,000
Building Resilience of Communities Living
Around the Northern Pistachio Belt (NPB)
and Eastern Forest Complex (EFC) of
Afghanistan Afghanistan through an EbA approach UNEP 7,665,000 7,000,000

Totals 173,432,423 625,908,817

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Annex 17. International Waters Projects Funded During the Reporting Period that
Contribute to the Objectives of the CBD

Countries Agency Title GEF Co-finance

China UNDP Implementation of the 8,243,049 225,881,766
Yellow Sea LME Strategic
Action Programme for
Adaptive Ecosystem-Based
Management
Central African Republic, UNDP Improving Lake Chad 6,712,350 33,484,250
Cameroon, Niger, Nigeria, Management through
Chad Building Climate Change
Resilience and Reducing
Ecosystem Stress through
Implementation of the SAP
Kenya, Comoros, UNEP Implementation of the 12,046,680 66,710,000
Madagascar, Mauritius, Strategic Action
Mozambique, Seychelles, Programme for the
Tanzania, South Africa Protection of the Western
Indian Ocean from Land-
based Sources and
Activities
Bosnia-Herzegovina, Croatia World Bank Adriatic Sea Environmental 7,413,150 23,198,000
Pollution Control Project (I)
Costa Rica, Ecuador, UNDP Global Sustainable Supply 6,186,750 34,590,000
Indonesia, Philippines Chains for Marine
Commodities
Ecuador, Peru UNDP Integrated Water Resources 4,500,450 20,375,773
Management in the
Puyango-Tumbes,
Catamayo-Chira and
Zarumilla Transboundary
Aquifers and River Basins
Brazil, Colombia, Costa FAO Sustainable Management of 6,570,000 17,062,500
Rica, Mexico, Suriname, Bycatch in Latin America
Trinidad and Tobago and Caribbean Trawl
Fisheries (REBYC-II LAC)
Indonesia, Philippines, UNDP Sustainable Management of 2,500,000 19,859,525
Vietnam Highly Migratory Fish
Stocks in the West Pacific
and East Asian Seas
Global UNEP Targeted Research for 6,734,250 47,622,900
Improving Understanding
of the Global Nitrogen
Cycle towards the
Establishment of an
International Nutrient
Management System INMS

134
Countries Agency Title GEF Co-finance
Indonesia, Cambodia, UNEP Establishment and 3,394,500 12,000,000
Malaysia, Philippines, Operation of a Regional
Thailand, Vietnam System of Fisheries Refugia
in the South China Sea and
Gulf of Thailand
China, Indonesia, Cambodia, UNDP Scaling up the 11,056,951 157,265,467
Lao PDR, Philippines, Implementation of the
Thailand, Timor Leste, Sustainable Development
Vietnam Strategy for the Seas of East
Asia
Kenya, Comoros, UNDP Western Indian Ocean 12,291,811 68,802,000
Madagascar, Mauritius, LMEs Strategic Action
Mozambique, Seychelles, Programme Policy
Somalia, Tanzania, South Harmonization and
Africa Institutional Reforms
SAPPHIRE Project
Angola, Botswana, Namibia UNDP Support to the Cubango- 6,898,500 60,700,000
Okavango River Basin
Strategic Action
Programme Implementation
Burkina Faso, Benin, Cote UNDP/UNEP Improving IWRM, 14,960,250 77,956,945
d'Ivoire, Cameroon, Guinea, Knowledge based
Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Management and
Nigeria, Chad Governance of the Niger
Basin and the Iullemeden
Taoudeni Tanezrouft
Aquifer System (ITTAS)
China, Indonesia, Cambodia, UNEP Implementing the Strategic 16,350,000 56,060,000
Philippines, Vietnam Action Programme for the
South China Sea
Antigua And Barbuda, UNDP Catalysing Implementation 13,952,000 110,854,059
Barbados, Brazil, Belize, of the Strategic Action
Colombia, Costa Rica, Programme for the
Dominica, Dominican Sustainable Management of
Republic, Grenada, Shared Living Marine
Guatemala, Guyana, Resources in the Caribbean
Honduras, Haiti, Jamaica, and North Brazil Shelf
St. Kitts And Nevis, St. Large Marine Ecosystems
Lucia, Mexico, Panama, (CMLE+)
Suriname, Trinidad and
Tobago, St. Vincent and
Grenadines
Bosnia-Herzegovina, World Bank West Balkans Drina River 11,037,500 93,459,721
Montenegro, Serbia Basin Management

135
Countries Agency Title GEF Co-finance
Uganda, Congo DR AfDB Lakes Edward and Albert 5,000,000 99,700,000.00
Integrated Fisheries and
Water Resources
Management Project
Bolivia, Peru UNDP Integrated Water Resources 9,088,500 26,885,000
Management in the
Titicaca-Desaguadero-
Poopo-Salar de Coipasa
(TDPS) System
Angola, Namibia, South UNDP Realizing the Inclusive and 7,187,306 33,460,000
Africa Sustainable Development in
the BCLME Region
through the Improved
Ocean Governance and the
Integrated Management of
Ocean Use and Marine
Resources
Cook Islands, Fiji, UNDP Testing the Integration of 11,881,000 174,387,580
Micronesia, Kiribati, Water, Land, Forest &
Marshall Islands, Nauru, Coastal Management to
Niue, Papua New Guinea, Preserve Ecosystem
Palau, Solomon Islands, Services, Store Carbon,
Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu, Improve Climate Resilience
Samoa and Sustain Livelihoods in
Pacific Island Countries
Belize, Guatemala, WWF Integrated Transboundary 9,830,000 69,457,826
Honduras, Mexico Ridges-to-Reef
Management of the
Mesoamerican Reef
Indonesia, Timor Leste FAO Enabling Transboundary 4,380,000 15,500,000
Cooperation for Sustainable
Management of the
Indonesian Seas
Total 195,714,997 1,545,273,312

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Annex 18. Land Degradation Projects Funded During the Reporting Period that
Contribute to the Objectives of the CBD

Agency Country Title GEF Grant ($) Cofinance ($)

UNDP Argentina Sustainable Land Use Management in the 3,515,091 19,730,000
Drylands of North-west Argentina
World Armenia Community Agricultural Resource 900,000 18,300,000
Bank Management and Competitiveness
(CARMAC)
UNEP Bangladesh Establishing National Land Use and Land 730,594 3,280,000
Degradation Profile toward Mainstreaming
SLM Practices in Sector Policies
UNDP Brazil Sustainable Land Use Management in the 3,815,192 16,955,200
Semi-arid Region of North-east Brazil
(Sergipe)
ADB China Sustainable and Climate Resilient Land 3,652,603 12,400,000
Management in Western PRC
FAO Global Participatory Assessment of Land 2,639,726 6,000,000
Degradation and Sustainable Land
Management in Grassland and Pastoral
Systems
UNEP Global Building the Foundation for Forest 1,900,000 9,300,000
Landscape Restoration at Scale
FAO Global Securing Tenure Rights for Forest 2,000,000 4,545,852
Landscape Dependent Communities:
Linking Science with Policy to Advance
Tenure Security, Sustainable Forest
Management and People's Livelihoods
UNDP Kazakhstan Supporting Sustainable Land Management 1,900,000 8,050,000
in Steppe and Semi-arid Zones through
Integrated Territorial Planning and Agro-
environmental Incentives
FAO Libya Sustainable Land Management and 3,972,603 13,850,000
Conservation of Oases Ecosystems in
Libya
UNEP Madagascar Participatory Sustainable Land 1,584,931 5,345,500
Management in the Grassland Plateaus of
Western Madagascar
UNDP Mongolia SLM Offset in Western Mongolia 1,289,863 5,200,000
WWF- Nepal Sustainable Land Management in the 917,431 4,398,864
US Churia Range
UNDP Philippines Implementation of SLM Practices to 870,900 4,159,240
Address Land Degradation and Mitigate
Effects of Drought

137
Agency Country Title GEF Grant ($) Cofinance ($)
World Regional MENA: Desert Ecosystems and 1,000,000 487,500
Bank Livelihoods Knowledge Sharing and
Coordination Project
UNDP South Africa Securing Multiple Ecosystems Benefit 4,237,900 20,500,000
Through SLM in the Productive But
Degraded Landscapes of South Africa
UNDP Tanzania Securing Watershed Services Through 3,648,858 15,000,000
SLM in the Ruvu and Zigi Catchments
Eastern Arc Region
UNEP Tanzania Sustainable Land Management of Lake 1,298,980 5,250,000
Nyasa Catchment in Tanzania
Totals 39,874,672 172,752,156

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Annex. 19 Descriptions of Small Grants Programme Approved

Global: GEF SGP Fifth Operational Phase - Implementing the Program Using STAR
Resources II (UNDP; GEF-BD Total: $17.4 million; GEF Total: $71.2 million; Co-finance:
$74.1 million; Total project cost: $145.3 million)
This project supports implementation of the 5th operational phase of the GEF SGP using 67
countries’ STAR allocations. The overall goal of the project is to secure global environmental
benefits through community based initiatives and actions. Under biodiversity focal area, the
project will generate global benefits by leveraging community-based efforts to conserve
biodiversity through improving the effectiveness and sustainability of community conservation
areas and indigenous PAs, which make up a critical component of the global PA system, even if
they are not always recognized as such. To support sustainable use of biodiversity, the GEF SGP
will promote the mainstreaming of biodiversity friendly practices in production landscapes and
seascapes, through measures such as organic certification for community level and small-scale
producers of biodiversity-based products; improved community-based resource use of non-
timber forest products; and community level enforcement measures in near shore fisheries. With
GEF SGP’s support, civil society and community-based organizations will develop the capacity
to improve conservation and sustainable use efforts and ensure benefits for community
livelihoods, contributing to long-term sustainability.

Global: GEF SGP Fifth Operational Phase - Implementing the Program Using STAR
Resources III (UNDP; GEF-BD Total: $549 thousand; GEF Total: $7.0 million; Co-
finance: $7.3 million; Total project cost: $14.2 million)
This project covers STAR funding contributions committed by eleven countries to the GEF
Small Grants Programme (GEF SGP) in addition to the core grant allocations and/or STAR
allocations they have received. The additional STAR funding will be critical for these GEF SGP
country programmes both programmatically and strategically. The additional STAR funding
endorsed will support the implementation of national priority programmes at the community
level and significantly enhance the scope and potential impact of SGP in these countries.
Following the principle of “local action, global impact”, GEF SGP starts with community level
innovations. Communities have been the most instrumental in developing innovations that
customize local solutions to global environmental challenges. Facing environmental degradation
and depletion of natural resources, communities are finding ways to do things differently to
achieve both environmental protection and sustainable livelihoods.

139
 ANNEX 20: LIST OF GEF DOCUMENTS AVAILABLE AT THE TWELFTH MEETING OF THE
CONFERENCE OF PARTIES

Documents for general information:

• GEF 2020 Strategy

• The Global Environment Facility in a New Era - New Strategies for new Challenges
• GEF Behind the Numbers 2014
• Defying Extinction
• Partnership in Practice: Engagement with Indigenous Peoples
• GEF-6 Biodiversity Strategy
• Access and Benefit Sharing
• Sustainable Financing of Protected Area Systems
• Payment for Environmental Services
• Roadmap for Gender Equality
• Partnership in Practice: Engagement with Indigenous Peoples
• Principles and Guidelines for Engagement with Indigenous Peoples

Reports of the GEF Independent Evaluation Office:

• Country Portfolio Evaluation: India
• Country Portfolio Evaluation: Sri Lanka
• Country Portfolio Evaluation: Vanuatu & SPREP
• Country Portfolio Evaluation: Tanzania
• Country Portfolio Evaluation: Eritrea
• Country Portfolio Study: Sierra Leone
• Annual Country Portfolio Evaluation Report, 2014
• Annual Country Portfolio Evaluation Report, 2013
• Annual Performance Report, 2013
• Annual Impact Report, 2013
• OPS 5 Technical Paper #2: Impact of the GEF
• OPS 5 Technical Document #3: Implementation of GEF Focal Area Strategies and
Trends in Focal Area Achievements
• OPS 5 Technical Document #4: Relevance of the GEF to the Conventions
• OPS 5 Technical Paper #12: Progress Towards Impact

140