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ILMIY-METODIK JURNALI WWW.PHOENIXPUBLICTAION.NET
MODERNIZATION OF THE RICE GRAIN CLEANING PROCESS AND
IMPROVEMENT OF EQUIPMENT
Kh.F. Djurayev
doctor of science, prof., Bukhara Institute of Engineering and Technology
K.Kh. Gafurov
docent, prof., Bukhara Institute of Engineering and Technology
Kh.N. Sayilkhonov
Bukhara Institute of Engineering and Technology, basic doctoral student
Abstract. Rice is one of the most crucial staple foods in the world, providing
sustenance for more than half of the global population. With increasing demands for
higher production volumes and improved quality, modernization of rice processing
techniques has become essential. Among these techniques, the cleaning of rice grains
is a pivotal operation that directly influences the quality, yield, and profitability of
rice processing. This article explores the recent advancements in the rice grain
cleaning process and the improvements in equipment aimed at optimizing this critical
phase of rice production.
Key words: cleaning, effectiveness, mechanical cleaners, rice grains, cleaning
equipment, vibrating screens, rice mill, modernization, cleaning data.
Introduction. Historically, the cleaning of rice grains was conducted manually,
involving simple methods such as winnowing and sieving. Farmers often relied on
natural elements like wind to separate chaff from grains. This labor-intensive process
was time-consuming and variable in effectiveness, leading to inconsistent grain
quality.
The industrial revolution ushered in an era of mechanization that transformed
agricultural practices, including rice cleaning. The advent of mechanical cleaners
aimed to remove impurities such as stones, dust, and broken grains more effectively.
Technologies such as vibrating sieves and aspirators became commonplace, providing
more efficient and consistent cleaning processes.
Cleaning rice grains is essential for ensuring high quality. Impurities can lead to
poor cooking quality, reduced nutritional value, and undesirable flavors. Furthermore,
the presence of stones or debris can damage milling equipment, reducing operational
efficiency. As consumer preferences evolve towards higher-quality products, the need
for effective cleaning processes becomes increasingly important.
The economic implications of effective rice grain cleaning are profound. Proper
cleaning can enhance the marketability of rice products, thus securing better prices for
producers. Additionally, modern cleaning equipment can minimize waste and increase
overall yield, directly impacting profitability.
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The modernization of rice grain cleaning has been significantly influenced by
automated technology. Advanced automation facilitates precise control over the
cleaning process, resulting in enhanced efficiency and reduced labor costs.
Incorporating data analytics is a growing trend in rice processing. Sensors and
monitoring systems collect data on various parameters during the cleaning process,
such as moisture content and impurity levels. This data enables real-time adjustments
to cleaning operations, optimizing the process further.
Sustainability is a pivotal concern in modern agriculture. Rice cleaning
technologies are being adapted to utilize less water and energy, minimizing the
environmental footprint. For instance, some modern cleaners incorporate water
recycling systems, reducing overall consumption.
Vibrating screens are a cornerstone of modern rice cleaning processes. They
operate on the principle of movement to separate impurities based on size and weight.
Advances in screen design and vibration technology have led to more efficient grain
separation, reduced wear and maintenance, and improved overall cleaning
performance.
Fig.1 Rice mill vibrаting scrеens
A noteworthy example is the TNA Alime vibrating screen cleaner, which
integrates multiple mesh sizes and adjustable vibration settings. This adaptability
allows for comprehensive cleaning of various rice types and maximizes yield by
minimizing breakage.
Aspirators use air flow to remove lighter impurities from rice grains, such as
husks and dust. Newer models are equipped with adjustabl e air flow settings and
advanced filtration technology that improve the efficiency of impurity removal.
The Satake BSR aspirator is designed for high efficiency and minimal energy
consumption. Its innovative design enables precise airflow adjustments, allowing for
optimal separation of impurities without damaging the grains.
Color sorting technology has revolutionized rice processing by utilizing optical
sensors to detect and remove discolored or damaged grains. This technology not only
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enhances rice quality but also reduces the risk of allergenic reactions among
consumers.
Buhler's Sortex optical sorter employs advanced imaging technology and
software algorithms to achieve high precision in color sorting. By automatically
identifying and removing non-conforming grains, this equipment significantly
improves the overall quality of the final product.
The shift towards continuous processing systems represents another
modernization trend. These systems integrate multiple cleaning operations into a
single streamlined process, reducing downtime and improving overall efficiency.
The MLG rice cleaner exemplifies this trend by combining several cleaning
technologies, including aspiration, sieving, and color sorting, in a single unit. This
continuous system enhances throughput while maintaining high-quality standards.
Despite the advancements, several challenges remain in the modernization of
rice grain cleaning:
Financial Barriers. Investing in modern cleaning equipment can be costly,
particularly for small-scale farmers who may lack the necessary capital. Financial
assistance and government subsidies can play a critical role in overcoming these
barriers.
Knowledge and Training. The effective use of modern cleaning equipment requires
a certain skill level. Many farmers and workers may require training to operate
advanced machinery and interpret data analytics effectively.
Integration into Existing Systems. Integrating modern equipment into existing
rice processing facilities can pose logistical challenges. Facilities may require
extensive retrofitting to accommodate new technologies, which can be time-
consuming and expensive.
The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning into rice
grain cleaning holds considerable promise. These technologies can analyze cleaning
data and optimize the process based on historical performance metrics, leading to
continuous improvements over time. The use of robotics in agriculture is on the rise,
and the rice cleaning process will likely undergo a similar transformation. Robotic
systems can automate repetitive tasks, reduce labor costs, and enhance precision in
sorting and cleaning processes. Investment in R&D is essential for driving innovation
in rice grain cleaning. Collaboration between research institutions, governments, and
industry stakeholders can foster the development of new technologies and cleaner
production methods.
Conclusion. The modernization of the rice grain cleaning process is essential
for improving quality, increasing efficiency, and enhancing profitability in rice
production. Through the integration of advanced technologies, farmers can achieve
cleaner grains with less environmental impact. However, addressing the challenges of
financial barriers, knowledge gaps, and system integration is critical for ensuring
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widespread adoption of modern cleaning methods. As the industry continues to evolve,
investments in innovation and training will be paramount, paving the way for a
sustainable and efficient future in rice processing.
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