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ME184413 (3 SKS)
MODULE SEM 4
REGULAR CLASS 9
MARINE AUX. MACHINERY
(PERMESINAN BANTU)
Prof. Dr. Ir. H. Agoes Santoso MSc., MPhil. CEng. FIMarEST., MRINA
COURSES
1. INTRODUCTION TO MARINE AUXILIARY MACHINERY
2. DESIGN CONCEPT OF MARINE AUXILIARY MACHINERY
3. STEERING SYSTEM
4. ANCHOR AND MOORING SYSTEM
5. CARGO HANDLING SYSTEM
6. STABILIZERS
7. BOW THRUSTER
8. Ujian Tengah Semester
9. WATER & WASTE WATER TREATMENT
10. PERALATAN NAVIGASI DAN KOMUNIKASI
11. PERALATAN TREATMENT MINYAK
12. PERALATAN ANTI KEBAKARAN & PENANGGULANGANNYA
13. PERALATAN KESELAMATAN PELAYARAN
14. PERMESINAN BANTU PADA KAPAL NON-CONVENTIONAL
15. PERMESINAN BANTU PADA OFFSHORE RIGS
16. Ujian Akhir Semester
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WATER TREATMENT
DESALINATION
merupakan proses penurunan kadar garam dari air laut
sehingga diharapkan bisa dihasilkan air berkadar garam
rendah untuk mensuplay kebutuhan air pada
permesinan (misal; feed-water pada steam-turbine
plants) ataupun untuk kebutuhan akomodasi manusia (
misal; untuk air minum dan mandi )
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Secara umum ada dua metode dari proses desalination,
yaitu :
Distillation Plant
Reverse-osmosis plant
DISTILLATION PLANT
23,000 ton/day x 6 units = total 138,000 ton/day MSF Desalination plant(1983
Saline Water Conversion Corp. Al Jubail, Saudi Arabia)
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MULTI-STAGE FLASH (MSF)
With the MSF (Multi-Stage Flash) method, sea water flows through a multi-level heat
exchange system, is heated with steam from the power generating plant until
evaporation, and is then condensed on the outside of pipes through which cold
seawater flows.
Multi Stage Flashing (MSF) process generates fresh water from seawater using flashing
which is a phenomenon of instantaneously discharging water vapor. MSF is a facility
designed to use energy more effectively by continuously generating flashing of
seawater at low steam pressure from each stage without the addition of heat source.
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MULTI-EFFECT DISTILLATION (MED)
MED (Multi-Effect Distillation) is similar to MSF, but only makes use of devices called Effect
instead of “Stage” from MSF. The MED method has the advantage of reducing energy
consumption if applied with dump heat, and is mostly used for medium-capacity
desalination plants.
Its principle is to spray seawater on the outside of metal tubes to condense the vapor
flowing inside. The seawater outside the tube boils to generate steam which flows into the
tubes to condense in the next cycle. The process is then repeated. Since the outside of the
tubes is maintained in a vacuum, the seawater boils even when it is sprayed at a low
temperature. The big difference from MSF is that it is relatively smaller in size as it is
operated at low temperatures (60 ~ 70 ℃) but is more efficient and consumes less
electricity per unit production.
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The ship required a large amount of fresh water for boiler feed, cooking, drinking, bathing and washing.
Storage tanks could hold only a few days' supply, so a distilling plant operated almost continuously to
provide pure water. The ship had two 20,000 gallon per day primary distillation units in the evaporator room
above the forward engine room between the uptakes. A 12,000 gallon per day auxiliary distillation unit was
located in the after engine room. Up to 52,000 gallons of fresh water could be produced each day.
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The distillation plant boiled sea water and condensed the vapor to produce fresh water (distillate). Sea water contains
dissolved minerals, salts and microorganisms that must be removed, and they are left behind in the brine after water vapor
has boiled off. This brine is discharged overboard back into the sea. The distillate is used for boiler feed water, and it is
essential that the concentration of salts and minerals be very low or they will form deposits in the boiler tubes. Such
deposits absorb heat and cause hot spots that eventually melt the tubes and cause tube failure. Fresh water from the
distilling plant contains only traces of the chemicals and biological contaminates in sea water, but it is not totally pure.
Special procedures were necessary when the ship was operating in heavily contaminated waters and in harbors.
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These units took in cool sea water and transferred heat from the auxiliary steam supply
to the water to boil it. Auxiliary steam was heated to 490°F, quite a bit above the 212°F
boiling temperature of water at atmospheric pressure. The distillation units were
operated at near vacuum, and the lower pressure meant that the water boiled at a lower
temperature, making the condensers operate more efficiently than they would at higher
temperatures and pressures. Lower temperature operation also meant less heat was
discharged overboard with the cooling water for the condensers.
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REVERSE-OSMOSIS PLANT
Prinsip :
menurunkan atau menghilangkan kandungan
garam dari air melalui membran semipermiable
sintetis
• Untuk bisa bekerja secara efisien diperlukan
tekanan ke air.
• Dibawah pengaruh tekanan, hanya H2O murni
dan garam (dalam prosentasi yang rendah)
yang bisa lolos melewati membran sehingga
dihasilkan air tawar
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Proses :
• Air laut diisap oleh self-priming booster pump
• Inlet water diukur oleh flow meter ( liter/hour )
• Disaring oleh cartridge filter berukuran 5
• Dimasukkan ( masih low pressure ) ke dalam piston pump
• Keluar dari piston pump pada tekanan tinggi ( 70 bar )
• Nasuk ke dalam vessel dengan melalui membran
• Air laut yang tidak bisa menembus membran ( 80% dari inlet
water ) di-drain
• Air laut yang menembus membran ( 20% dari inlet water )
disalurkan melalui flow meter
• Air olahan dites kadar garamnya dengan salinity meter probe.
Probe ini memiliki solenoid 3-ways diverter valve.
• Kadar garam > 500 ppm : air akan di-drain untuk diproses ulang
• Kadar garam < 500 ppm : air tawar ( air minum )
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Membran :
• Jumlahnya satu atau lebih
• Bahan : Amidic Copolimer
• Permeabilitas air sangat tinggi
• Tahan suhu > 500C
• Menolak garam > 99%
• Air tawar yang dihasilkan dengan salinity 300
sampai 400 ppm
• Porositas membran : 0.0004
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FRESHWATER HYDROPHORE
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ADVANTAGES RO
The processing system is simple; the only complicating factor is finding or producing a clean
supply of feed-water to minimize the need for frequent cleaning of the membrane.
Systems may be assembled from prepackaged modules to produce a supply of product water
ranging from a few liters per day to 750 000 l/day for brackish water, and to 400 000 l/day for
seawater; the modular system allows for high mobility, making RO plants ideal for emergency
water supply use.·
Installation costs are low.·
RO plants have a very high space/production capacity ratio, ranging from 25 000 to 60 000
l/day/m2.
Low maintenance, nonmetallic materials are used in construction.·
Energy use to process brackish water ranges from 1 to 3 kWh per 1 000 l of product water.·
RO technologies can make use of use an almost unlimited and reliable water source, the sea.
RO technologies can be used to remove organic and inorganic contaminants.
Aside from the need to dispose of the brine, RO has a negligible environmental impact.·
The technology makes minimal use of chemicals.
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DISADVANTAGES
The membranes are sensitive to abuse.·
The feedwater usually needs to be pretreated to remove particulates (in order to prolong
membrane life).
There may be interruptions of service during stormy weather (which may increase particulate
resuspension and the amount of suspended solids in the feedwater) for plants that use seawater.
Operation of a RO plant requires a high quality standard for materials and equipment.
There is often a need for foreign assistance to design, construct, and operate plants.
An extensive spare parts inventory must be maintained, especially if the plants are of foreign
manufacture.· Brine must be carefully disposed of to avoid deleterious environmental impacts.
There is a risk of bacterial contamination of the membranes; while bacteria are retained in the
brine stream, bacterial growth on the membrane itself can introduce tastes and odors into the
product water.
RO technologies require a reliable energy source.
Desalination technologies have a high cost when compared to other methods, such as
groundwater extraction or rainwater harvesting.
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WASTE WATER
TREATMENT
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1. INCINERATOR
2. SEWAGE TREATMENT
3. FOOD MACERATOR
4. INTEGRATED WASTE
MANAGEMENT
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Installed waste
water treatment
plants, whether
standard
systems or
advanced
wastewater
treatment
plants (AWT),
are producing
bio-sludge.
Deerberg offers
an interface
which is
connecting
waste water
treatment
plants with the
onboard
incineration
systems in order
to dewater and
incinerate the
biosludge
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TERIMA KASIH
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