Mushroom
Cultivation
Manoj Dhakal
Course
Introduction
Introduction
• Mushroom; a fleshy, spore bearing fruiting body of
macrofungus.
• It has two parts; Cap like structure called Pielus attached with
thread like structure called Mycelia, umbrella like structure.
• Mycelia absorb nutrient from substrate (straw, wood, soil,
compost etc.)
• Mushroom lacks Chlorophyll, they do not need sunlight for
growth.
Structure:
Importance:
• Edible mushrooms are great source of nutrient, energy
and abundant numbers with medicinal value
• Also known as the ‘Food of the God’, this healthy food is
widely used in various forms to garnish the regular diet of
the human and animals since long. Mushrooms are
considered as ‘vegetarian's meat’.
• The extractable products from medicinal mushrooms are
widely used in cosmetics, to cure the diseases and also for
the dietary supplement.
• Mushroom cultivation have direct impact on livelihoods
through its economic, nutritional and medicinal contributions
(small investment, year round production, use of agricultural
waste).
• Mushroom cultivation also provides opportunities for
improving the sustainability of small farming system through
the recycling of organic matter; use of left over organic wastes
as a substrate to grow, and then fertilizer as a byproduct.
• Mushrooms are great scavengers; plants, animals, including
dead trees, branches, leaves, fruits, seeds, and animal
droppings on the ground.
Edible mushrooms
• Mushroom which are non-poisonous and are fit to eat with desirable
taste and aroma are considered as edible mushrooms.
• Edible mushrooms includes many fungal species which are either
harvested wild or cultivated.
• List of some edible mushroom;
- Oyster mushroom (Pleurotus spp.)
- Button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus)
- Straw mushroom (Volvariella volvaceae)
- Shitake mushroom (Lentinula edodes)
King oyster/Trumpet mushroom
(Pleurotus eryngii)
Some Edible mushrooms:
Oyster mushroom( Pleurotus sp.) Straw mushroom
Oyster mushroom (blue) (Volvariealla volvaceae)
Milky mushroom( Calocybe indica) Button mushroom( Agaricus spp.) Shitake mushroom (Lentinula edodes)
Ear mushroom (Auricularia auricula) Yarsa (Cordyceps militaris) Ganoderma (‘Ganoderma lucidum)
Morel mushroom (Morchella sp.) Lion’s mane (Hericium erinaceus) Enoki(Flammulina filiformis)
Poisonous mushroom:
Poisonous mushrooms are somehow similar to edible mushrooms
based on the morphology and life-cycle. However, the toxins present
in the mushrooms can have many harmful effects including spot
death in some cases. Generally, poisonous mushrooms can be
distinguished by following features;
• Brilliantly colored fruiting bodies. Colored spores.
• Greenish tinge on gills. Unpleasant odor.
• Presence of volva and annulus on the stalk.
• Oozing of milky or colored latex upon splitting.
Poisonous mushrooms
• Blackening of silver and onion
by the mushroom extract
indicates the poisonous one.
• Eg; Amanita spp. (Fly agaric,
death cap, Destroying angel),
Tricholoma spp., Clitocybe
spp.(Ivory funnel), Entoloma
spp. ( Livid entoloma)
Cortinarius spp.(Cortinar)
Hypholoma spp. (Sulfur tuft)
Inocybe spp.(Deadly fibrecap)
We will deal in detail on Oyster mushroom and Button
mushroom cultivation.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9JwkHjCTKtQ (liquid
sterilization)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8GsoxrIR1pc (Steam
sterilization)
http://agridaksh.iasri.res.in/html_file/mushroom/05Mush_s
pawn_Prod.html
