1.

Define MIS
 A simple definition of the management information system would be a computer
based system that provides flexible and speedy access to accurate data such
definition won’t suit for personal, professional, organizational, national or global
information system.

2. Write down the sub components of MIS

 Management
 Information
 Systems

3. Expand DSS and ESS

 DSS-Decision Support System
 ESS-Executive Support System

4. Write the Environment of organization

o Economic Environment
o Technological Environment
o Social Environment
o Political Environment
o Ethical Environment

5. Write down the elements of Economic Environment

o Capital
o Labour
o Price changes
o Fiseal and movetory policy
o Productivity
o Customers

6. Write short note on price changes

 Price changes occur in the economy for various reasons.
 The changes occur because decrease in the demand and supply, the changes in
theconsumer behavior in the conception pattern and money supply and so on.
7. Write short note on capital
 It is required to the run the organization
 The enterprise need a long term and short term capital.
 The capital required can be ether from the initial sources or borrowed from the
financial instructions
8. Write short note on labour
 The important cost of a business is the cost of labour.
 The cost of labour is determined every two or thee months by a union agreement.
 The settlement of an agreement is based on the cost of living index.
9. Write short note on technological environment
 The technology has a major impact on the business.
 It requires changes in the product design and promoters new concepts. It generate
new business opportunities.
 Any change in technology changes the work, where the methods and the systems.
10. Write short note on social environment
 The social environment is build around the attitudes, the desires, the expectations
the degree of intelligence and education the belief and customers and the cost of
the people
11. Define Political Environment
 The political environment factor is the most important factor which affects the
business in Indian environment.
 The unstable political environment in the business development.
 The changes in ruling party bring economy policy changes affecting the business.

12. Define Ethical Environment

Some business problems are due to failing on eltical grounds. The business ethics emerge
from the professional conduct, the business norms and codes on confidentiality the
payment and documentation.

13. Write down the levels of information

o Top management
o Middle management
o Lower management
o Operational management

14. Write down the levels of Organization

o Strategic
o Tactical
o Supervisory
o Functional
15. Need of management information system
MIS helps the management at various levels and it is a means of communication where
data are:
o Collected
o Processed
 o Stored
o Retrieved
16. Write about vertical integration
i. Marketing system
ii. Product development system
iii. Financial information system
iv. Administrative support system

17. Write down the levels horizontal integration

i. Machine assignment
ii. Machine scheduling
iii. Decision middle management
iv. New product design
v. Management level

18. Write short note on importance of MIS

This information portrays this “what is wrong” condition, where “what is wrong” is
measured as the disparity between “what is” and “what ought to be.” This assessment of
how things are versus how they should be (a fact-value conflict) is probably our most
common management problem. Diagnostic information has two major uses. It can first be
used to define problems that develop in the business.

19. Define prediction

As description is concerned with “what is” and diagnostics with ”what is wrong,”
prediction is concerned with “what if...?” Predictive information is generated from an
analysis of possible future events and is exceedingly valuable with “desirable” outcomes.
With predictive information, one either defines problems or avoids problems in advance.

20. Write down the characteristics of MIS

 Management oriented
 User machine system
 Integrated system
 Sub system
 Use of module
 Database
 Flexibility in use

21. Define Computer.

 Computer is a programmable machine. It consists of the following two principal
characteristics.
 It consists to a specific set of instructions.
  It can execute a prerecorded list of instructions (program)
Computers are actually machines. If has wires, transistors and circuits are called
hardware. The data instructions are called software.

22. What are the different types of computer?

 Micro Computer
 Mini computer
 Main Frame computer
 Work Stations
 Super Computer
 Network Computer
23. List out the characteristics of computer.
 Word length
 Speed
 Storage capacity
 Accuracy
 Versatility
 Automation
 Diligence
24. Define Word length.
 A digital computer operates on binary digits 0 and 1.A binary digit is called a bit
 The number of bits that a computer can process at a time in parallel is called its
‘word Length’
 In other words the group of bits,the computer recognizes and processed at a time
 Word length measures computing power of a computer.
 Example:
8,16,32 and 64 bits.
25. Define versatility
 Computers are very versatile machines.
 They can perform activities ranging from simple calculations to complex CAD
modeling.
 They are capable of performing almost any task.
 It is possible for transferring data from one computer to another computer in terms of
text, sound, video etc. This is achieved through the use of network and WWW.

26. What are the major functions of a computer?

 To function properly, the computer needs both hardware and software.
 Hardware consists of the mechanical and electronic devices we can see and touch.
 The software consists of program, operating system and the data that reside in the
memory and storage devices.
The main functions of software
 Receive input
 Accepts the information from outside through various input devices. Like keyboard,
mouse, etc
 Process information
 Perform arithmetic or logical operations on the information.
  Produced output
 Communicate information to the outside world through output device like monitor,
printer, etc
 Store information
 Store information in storage devices like hard disk, floppy disk , compact disk, digital
versalitile disk etc...
27. Define Control Unit.
 The control unit control the computer how to carryout a program instructions .
 It direct the moment of electronic signals between memory-which temtorarily holds
 The data , instructions and processed information and the ALU
 It also direct their control signal between the cpu and input output devices

28. List out Types of Memory

There are several different types of memory.
a) Random Access Memory(RAM)
b) Read Only Memory(ROM)
c) Programmable Read Only Memory(PROM)
d) Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory(EPROM)
e) Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory(EEPROM)
f) Flash Memory.
.
29. Define Flash memory
 Flash memory is a special type of EEPROM .
 It can be erased and reprogram in blocks. Instead one byte at time.
 Any modern pc have there BIOS(Basic Input Output Systems)stored on a flash
memory chips so that it can easy be updated if necessary.
 EX:
DVD, Pen driver

30. What are the different types of input devices?

 Keyboard
 Mouse
 Scanner
 Joy Strick
31. What is an output device?
The different types of output devices are:
 Monitor
 Printer
 Plotter
 Sound cards
 3D-audio
32. What is a monitor?
 Monitor is another term for display screen.
 The term monitor, however, usually refers to the entire box, where as display screen
can means just the screen.

33. What are the different types of monitors?
Classification of monitor based on color:
 Monochrome
 Gray Scale
 Color
.Classification of monitor based on signals:
 Digital Monitor
 Analog Monitor

34. List out the characteristics of a monitor.

Monitor:
Monitor is another term for display screen. The term monitor, however, usually refers to
the entire box, where as display screen can means just the screen.
Characteristics of a Monitor:
Size
Resolution
Bandwidth
Refresh rate
Dot pitch
Convergence
35. Write short note on Video standards.
There are variety of video standards that define resolution and colors for displays.
The monitor must be able to show the resolution and colors defined by the standard and
the video adapter must be capable of transmitting the appropriate signals to the monitor.

Standard Resolution Simultaneous colors

VGA 320X200 256
640X480 16
SVGA 800X600 16
1024X768 256
1280X1024 256
1600X1200 256
8514/A 1024X768 256
XGA 640X480 65536
1024X768 256
T134010 1024X768 256

VGA-> video graphics array, a graphics display system for PCs developed by IBM. VGA
system provides a resolution of 720 by 400 pixels. VGA uses analog signals rather than
digital signals.
SVGA->Short for super VGA, a set of graphics standards designed to offer greater
resolution than VGA.
There are several varieties of SVGA, each providing a different resolutions:
1. 800 by 600 pixels
2. 1024 by 768 pixels
3. 1280 by 1024 pixels
4. 1600 by 1200 pixels
All SVGA standards support a palette of 16 million colors that can be displayed
simultaneously is limited by the amount of video memory installed in a system.
8514/A-> the 8514/A standard provides a resolution of 1024 by 768 pixels which gives
about 2.5 times the pixel of VGA.
XGA-> short for extended graphics array , a high resolution graphics standard introduced
by IBM in 1990. XGA was designed to replace the older 8514/A video standard. XGA
allows monitors to be non-interlaced.
T134010->T134010 is a video standard from texas instruments that supports a resolution
of 1024 by 768.

36. What are the different types of Printers?

Printer:
Printer is a device that prints text or illustrations on paper. Based on the technology:
1. Daisy wheel printer:
2. Dot matrix Printer:
3. Ink Jet Printer:
4. Laser Printer:
5. LCD & LED Printers:
6. Line Printer:
7. Thermal Printer

37. Define plotter?

 Plotter is a device that draws pictures on paper based on commands from a computer.
 Plotters differ from printers in that they draw lines using pens, whereas printers can
only simulate lines by printing a closely spaced series of dots.

38. What is a sound card and speaker?

o Sound cards enables the computer to output sounds through speakers connected to the
board, to record sound input from a microphone connected to a computer and
manipulate sound stored on a disk.

39. Define 3D audio?

 3D audio is a technique for giving more depth to traditional stereo sound.
 Typically, 3D sound, or 3D audio, is produced by placing a device in a room with
stereo speakers.

40. Write short note on auxiliary storage devices

Auxiliary Storage Device:
This is a long term, non-volatile memory.
It stores and retains the program and data even after the computer is switched off.
Auxiliary Storage devices are based on the type of data access.
Sequential(ex: magnetic tapes)
Random(ex: Disks)
41. What is CPU?
The part of computer that execute program instructions is known as the processor or cpu
In a microprocessor , the cpu is on a single electronic component, microprocessor chip
With in the system unit include circuit board , memory chips , ports and other components.
The cpu have two parts
 Control unit
 Arithmetic logic unit
 Define Memory.
42. Define Memory.
Memory is also the known as the primary storage or main memory.
It is part of the microprocessor that hold processing, instructions for processing data.the
program and informations(processed data).
Part of content of the memory is held only temporarily.

43. Define Registers.

The computer also have several addition storage location called register.
These appear in the control unit and alu makes processing more efficient.
It holds data and instructions temporarily during processing.
Their contents can be handle much faster than the contents of the memory.

44. Define Scanners and its types.

Scanner is an input device that read text printed on paper and translate the information
into the form that the computers can used.
A Scanner scans by digitizing an image divided it into a grid of boxes.
The resulting matrixes of bits is called bitmap.
Types:
a. Flat bed Scanners
b. Hand Held Scanners
c. Optical Scanners

45. Write short note on OMR.

 OMR stands for Optical Mark Reader.
 OMR also called as mark sensing technology OMR devices senses the absence or
presence of a mark such as pencil mark.
 OMR is used as a input device for aptitude exams.

46. Define System Software and Application software.

 System software includes the operating system and all the utilities that enable the
computer to function.
 Application software includes programs that do real work for users.eg wordprocessor
,spreadsheets.
47. What is an operating system?
 Operating systems are the most important programs that run on a computer .Every
computer must have an operating system to run other programs.
  Operating systems performs basic tasks like receiving input from the
keyboard ,sending output to the display screen ,keeping track of files and
directories and controlling disk drives and printers.
48. Difference between compilers and interpreters.

Compiler is a program that translates source code into object code .The compiler
executes the entire program at once. The programs produced by compliers run much
faster than the programs executed by the interpreters.

The interpreter analyzes and executes each line of source code but not the entire
program .The advantage of the interpreters is that they can execute a program
immediately.

49. Write short note on Word processors?

A word processor is a program that enables you to perform word processing

functions .Word processor use a computer to create, edit and print documents. Of all
computer applications, word processor is most common.

To perform word processing, you need a computer, the word processing software and a
printer .The great advantage of word processing over using typewriter is that you make
changes without retyping the entire document.

50. What is the term DBMS?(Data Base Management System)

A DBMS is a collection of programs that enable you to store ,modify ,and extract from a
database .There are many different types of DBMS ,from small systems like PCs to
huge systems like mainframes.

Requests for information from database are made in the form of a queries .DBMS
supports several Query language.

Eg: Computerized Library ,ATM and Flight and railway reservations.

51. Write down the system Classification

i. Sub system
ii. Block Box system
iii. Deterministic system
iv. Closed system
v. Open system

52. Define model base

The modelbase component of the system has decision models that relate to operational,
tactical and strategic decisions. In addition, the modelbase is able to link models together
 in order to solve larger and more complex problems, particularly semi-structured
problems.

53. Define user interface

The user interface, one of the more critical features of the system, is used to assist the
decision maker in making more efficient and effective use of the system. Lastly, for these
systems to be effective in supporting management decision, the decision maker must
have the skills and knowledge on how to correctly use these systems to address the
unique problem situation at hand.

54. Explain about Decision support system

The decision support system literature stressed that the database and modelbase remain
separate entities. They should be bridged by the database/modelbase management system.
In examining much of the software developed for on-farm usage, it appears that most of it
does not currently employ this design concept. Indeed most of the software is a stand-
alone product with the database an integral part of the modelbase.

55. Define The Decision Maker

An often overlooked component of a decision support system is the decision maker. Prior
surveys suggest that the primary user of the on-farm computer system is the farm
operator. Operators that are younger and college educated were much more likely to
routinely use the computer. Also large farms were more likely to utilize a computer in
their farming operation.

56. Define diagnostic information

This information portrays this “what is wrong” condition, where “what is wrong” is
measured as the disparity between “what is” and “what ought to be.” This assessment of
how things are versus how they should be (a fact-value conflict) is probably our most
common management problem. Diagnostic information has two major uses. It can first be
used to define problems that develop in the business.

57. Write about system concept characteristics

o Data available is incomplete
o Only relevant data must be used
o The system does not exits in vacuum
o Coordination and cooperation

58. Write the elements of coordination and cooperation

i. Good human relations
ii. Understanding
 iii. Communication
iv. Productivity

59. What it means Davis

Davis defines data as raw facts, figures, objects, etc. Information is used to make
decisions. To transform data into information, processing is needed and it must be done
while considering the context of a decision. We are often awash in data but lacking good
information. However, the success achieved in supplying information to decision makers
is highly variable. Barabba, expands this concept by also adding inference, knowledge
and wisdom in his modification of Haechel's hierarchy which places wisdom at the
highest level and data at the lowest.

60. basic interacting components or functions in MIS

o raw material
o energy
o data
o human efforts
61. write short on processing in MIS
Processing: involves transformation process that converts input into output. Examples are
a manufacturing process, or mathematical calculations.

62. write short on output in MIs

Output: involves transferring elements that have been produced by a transformation
process to their ultimate destination. For example, finished products, human services, and
management information must be transmitted to their human users.

63. Define Feedback and Control

A system with feedback and control components is sometimes called a cybernetic system,
that is, a self-monitoring, self-regulating system.

64. Define control in MIS

Control involves monitoring and evaluating feedback to determine whether a system is
moving toward the achievement of its goal. The control function then makes necessary
adjustments to a system’s input and processing components to ensure that it produces
proper output. For example, a sales manager exercises control when he or she reassigns
salespersons to new sales territories after evaluating feedback about their sales
performance.

65. Define DIKW Hierarchy

DIKW refers to data, information, knowledge and wisdom; it is an information hierarchy
where each layer adds certain attributes over and above the previous one. Data is the most
basic level; Information adds context; Knowledge adds how to use it; and wisdom adds
when to use it. This is the class of models for representing structural and functional
 relationships between data, information, knowledge, and wisdom, where the later is
understood as ability to increase effectiveness and add value.
66. Define the Data item in MIS
Data item refer to an elementary description of things, events, activities, and transactions
that are recorded, classified, and stored, but not organized to convey any specific
meeting. Data items can be numeric, alphanumeric, figures, sounds, or images. A student
grade in a class is a data item, and so is the number of hours an employee worked in a
certain week.

67. Define the Information in MIS

Information is data that have been organized so that they have meaning and value to the
recipient. For example, a student’s grade point average is information. The recipient
interprets the meaning and draws conclusions and implications from the data. Data items
typically are processed into information by means of an application. Such processing
represents a more specific use and a higher value-added than simple retrieval and
summarization from a database.

68. Define Creating Information

Processing data is necessary to place them into a meaningful context so that they can be
easily understood by the recipient. Figure 1 illustrates the conversion of data into
information.

69. What are the data process in MIS

Classification: This involves placing data into categories, for example categorizing an
expense as either a fixed or a variable cost.
Rearranging/sorting: This involves organizing data so that items are grouped together or
placed into a particular order. Employee data, for example, might be sorted according to
surname or payroll number.
Aggregating: This involves summarizing data, for example by calculating averages, totals
or subtotals.
Performing calculations: An example might be calculating an employee’s gross pay by
multiplying the number of hours worked by the hourly rate of pay.

70. Write down different types of system design

 User interface design
 Data design
 Process design
 Physical design
 Logical design

71. Responsibilities of system analyst

 The analysis of business need
 The programming of business applications
 Designing new information systems
 Analyzing system requirements provided by user input
  Documenting development

72. What are the skills need by system analyst

o Analytical skill
o Interpersonal skill
o Technical skill
o Management skill

73. Write the skill for analyting

i. Systems thinking
ii. Organizational knowledge
iii. Problem identification
iv. Problem analyzing and solving

74. What are the interpersonal skill

i. Establishing trust
ii. Resolving
iii. Communication information

75. What are the technical skill in MIS

i. Creativity
ii. Problem solving
iii. Project management
iv. Interface
v. Knowledge of the basis of the computer and business fuction

76. What are the management skills

 Resource management
 Risk management
 Project management
 Change management

77. What are the basic methods of implementing MIS

 Install a system in a new operation
 Cutoff the old system and install the new
 Cut over the segments
 Operate in parallel and cut over

78. Structure for evaluations of MIS

 System integrity
 Operating integrity
 Internal integrity
 Procedural integrity

79. What are the common activities of TPS

 Calculations
  Classifications
 Sorting
 Storage
 Summarization

80. Define decision support system

DSS is the interactive computer based information system which helps decision makers
providing data models and model base to solve unstructured problems

81. What is Object Orientation?

Object Orientation is a technique for system modeling.We models the enterprise

system using objects that interact. These objects are related to each other in one way or
the other. Since business enterprise has number, its selection would depend upon the
model. The enterprise model uses objects to represent itself; it is easy to understand being
close to reality.

82. What are the objects included as inputs in the Customer Order example?
o Customer Address
o Product Name and Quantity Ordered
o Delivery Schedule
o Customer Sales Tax Number
o Terms of Payment
o Mode of Transport
o Price and Discount, Additional Charges
83. What is the purpose of OOA?

The purpose of OOA is to understand the application in terms of its functional

requirement. The OOA contains the following steps:

1. Finding the objects- Object view of the application.

2. Organizing the objects-View of objects in terms of a relation representing an application.

3. Specifying object interaction-Identifies the objects association and relation to each other.

4. Defining the operations of the object-Mechanism to change the status.

5. Constructing the objects in terms of behavior, attributes and parts-Model of object in

microscopic detail.

84. What are the types of objects?

o Active/Passive
o Physical/Conceptual
 o Temporary/Permanent
o Private/Public
o Shared/Non-shared
o Generic/Specific

85. How do you define operations in object?

The operation’s definition is automatic when it is interfaced with other object. These
operations are basic like create add, delete, move, compute, etc.. and they change object’s current
status to a new one when operated upon. If operation is complex, the objects should be split by
more instances to have basic operations working on them in a simplified manner.

86. Define Object Oriented languages.

The use of object oriented technology (OOT) requires programming languages for
implementation. The object oriented languages are higher order languages and they are different
from second and third generation languages.

There are two types of languages in object oriented technology implementation. The
language is object based if it directly supports data abstraction and classes. The language is
object oriented when it is object based and supports inheritance and polymorphism.

87. What are the seven factors that support object oriented language?

o Abstraction
o Encapsulation
o Modularity
o Hierarchy
o Typing
o Concurrency
o Persistence

88. What are the three layered approach in the software Development?

o Business layer
o View or user Interface Layer
o An access layer

89. What are the different models in the application of UML?

UML is used for modeling the project scenario in different models.

Use case model-Defines outside and inside of the system behavior.

Domain object model-Objects of the project are mapped into the domain object model.

Analysis objects model-Presents how the source code should be written.

Implementation model-Represents the implementation process of the system

Test model- Specifies test plans, specification and test reports.

90. What are the four graphical diagrams proposed in software development model?

1. Static Class Diagram.

2. Use case Diagram

3. Dynamic behavior diagram (Interaction Diagram)

o Sequence Diagram
o Collaboration Diagram
o State chart Diagram
o Activity Diagram

4. Implementation Diagram.

o Component Diagram
o Deployment Diagram

91. Define Client/Server Architecture.

Client-Server Architecture (CSA) is a distributed, cooperative, processing environment

whereby the entire task of processing is divided in such a manner that there is a demand on the
system through a client and there is a server in the system to serve the demand.

The architecture has two components, client and server, where client makes a request and
the server than processes the request and serves the client by offering the result. These are
connected through a network component which handles communication between the two.

92. What are the characteristics of second generation client/server?

o Application logic placement in servers

o Application partitioning
o Transaction intensive
o Scalable form simple to complex environment
 o Supports multiple platforms
o High order security, testing and maintenance

93. Define Business process.

The business process is defined as a set of activities performed across the organization
creating an output of value to the customer. Every process has a customer who may be internal or
external to the organisation. The scope of the process runs across the departments and functions
and ends up in substantial value addition which can be measured against the value expectation of
a customer.

94. What are the basic elements of Business process?

The basic elements of business process are

o Motivation to perform

o Data gathering, processing and storing

o Information processing

o Checking, validating and control

o Decision making

o Communication

95. What delays the business process?

A business process is a complex and lengthy, and if conventionally designed and

implementation on functional lines, a number of processing steps is repeated across the process.
The process operators repeatedly search, access , refer, compute and analyze the same data or a
set of the data in different contexts across the process for achieving the local objectives of the
department or function. This increases the process cycle time.

96. What is the role of information technology in re-engineering?

The role of information technology is a very important and significant in re-engineering.

Its contribution, compared to other technologies to the radical redesigning of the process is
maximum.

The business process requires the formation and it analyze for decision-making. The search
capabilities of the IT are so versatile that an unknown entity can be searched with a limited.
Similarly IT provides storage capabilities in a number of ways. There are different media to store
the data and information.

98. What are roles of MIS?

The role of MIS will be raised to a level where the following activities would be viewed
for the management action.

o Control of process cycle time

o Work group efficiency

o Customer satisfaction index

o Process efficiency and effectiveness

o Effectiveness of the management in enterprise management and not in enterprise

resource.

99. What are the advantages of OOT?

The distinct advantage of OOT over conventional systems is

1. Once requirement model is clearly configured any change in information needs and
new functionalities can easily be carried out with no loss of time.

2. The changes in business model can be easily handled.

3. Object model is more and close to reality of the business world.

4. With OOT it is possible to universalize the objects disregarding organisation, industry

business and country.

5. It will address information needs of changing the key result areas of business.

100. Define Modularity.

Modularity is a characteristic which helps to partition the program into individual

components. Modularity then reduces the complexity of handling a large program. Modularity
helps to partition the system into smaller modules which can be handled separately and together
through loosely coupled mechanism.