VOLLEYBALL - is a team sport in which two teams of six -Attack line – whose rear edge is drawn, 3ms back

back from
players are separated by a net. Each team tries to score the axis of the center line, marks the front zone
points by grounding a ball on the other team's court
under organized rules. -Boundary lines – two sidelines and two end lines mark
the playing court
1964 TOKYO OLYMPICS - part of the official program of
the summer Olympic
UNITED STATES – the sport originated
WILLIAM G. MORGAN (1895) - instructor at the Young
Men’s Christian Association (YMCA) in Holyoke,
Massachusetts, decided to blend elements of
basketball, baseball, tennis, and handball to create a
game for his classes of businessmen which would
demand less physical contact than basketball. BALL
- He created the game of volleyball (at that time called, -Spherical, made of a flexible leather or synthetic
Mintonette). Morgan borrowed the net from tennis, leather case with a bladder inside, made of rubber or a
and raised it 6 feet 6 inches above the floor, just above similar material
the average man’s head.
-Synthetic leather material and color combinations of
ALFRED T. HALSTEAD - remarked to Morgan that the balls used in international official competitions should
players seemed to be volleying the ball back and forth comply with FIVB standards.
over the net, and perhaps "volleyball" would be a more
descriptive name for the sport. - Its circumference is 65-67 cm and its weight is 260-280
g.
JULY 7, 1896 AT SPRINGFIELD COLLEGE - the first game
of "volleyball" was played. NET AND POST

1900 – Special ball was designed for the sport - The posts supporting the net are placed at a distance
of 0.50-1.00 m outside the side lines. They are 2.55 m
-The YMCA spread volleyball to Canada, the Orient, and high and preferably adjustable.
the Southern Hemisphere
-The net is 1 m wide and 9.50 m long on each side of
1910 (ELWOOD BROWN) – introduce volleyball in the the side bands, made of 10 cm square black mesh.
Philippines
-Placed vertically over the centre line there is a net
1913 – International volleyball completion begins with whose top is set at the height of 2.43 m for men and
the first Far East Game, in Manila 2.24 m for women
1916 - Set and spike was first executed in the -Two white bands are fastened vertically to the net and
Philippines. This offensive system altered how the game placed directly above each side line.
was played.
-They are 5 cm wide and 1 m long and are considered
KILL (FILIPINOS)/ BOMBA (US) - ball was set in a high as part of the net.
trajectory and then spiked by a teammate.
(BOMBERINO – attacker) -An antenna is a flexible rod, 1.80 m long and 10 mm in
diameter, made of fiberglass or similar material.
FÉDÉRATION INTERNATIONALE DE VOLLEY BALL (FIVB) OTHER EQUIPMENT
- organized in Paris, France in 1947 and moved to
Lausanne, Switzerland, in 1984. -scoresheet, scoreboard, knee pads, whistle, ankle
braces, proper footwear (shoes), outfit use in playing
VOLLEYBALL volleyball (shirt & short)
COURT
-60 X 30 FT
OR 18M X BASIC VOLLEYBALL TERMINOLOGIES
9M
ACE: A serve that results directly in a point without
>LINES – further action by players on the serving team.
PAINTED IN ASSIST: Passing or setting the ball to a teammate who
ALL WHITE attacks the ball for a kill.
ATTACK: this term refers to the attempt by a player to
-Service zone is 9cm wide, laterally limited by two short score a point by hitting the ball in some manner.
lines, each 15 cm long, drawn 20 cm behind the end line ATTACKER: also “Hitter” and “Spiker” a player who
as an extension of the side lines. Both short lines are attempt to hit a ball offensively with the purpose of
included in the width of the service zone. terminating play.
-Center line – is marked at the center of the court ATTACK BLOCK: the defensive team’s attempt to block
dividing it equally into 30 feet squares (9m), above a spiked ball.
which the net is placed.
ATTACK ERROR: An unsuccessful attack which does one FREE BALL - A ball that is delivered over the net to the
of the following: 1) the ball lands out of bounds, 2) the opposing team in a non-threatening manner because
ball goes into the net and terminates play or goes into the ball was hit more like a pass rather than a spike.
the net on the third hit, 3) the ball is blocked by the HELD BALL (carry) - A ball that comes to rest for more
opposition for a point or sideout, 4) the attacker is than the maximum allowable time period during
called for a center line violation, or 5) the attacker is contact resulting in a foul.
called for illegal contact (lift, double hit…) on the attack. FRONT-ROW - Three players whose court position is in
ATTACK LINE: a line 3 meters/ 10 feet away from, and front of the attack line (3M/10 Foot), near the net.
parallel to, the net. Separates the front-row player from These players are in positions 2, 3 & 4 on the court.
the back row players. A back row player cannot legally HELD BALL - A ball that comes to rest during contact
attack the ball above the net unless he takes off from resulting in a violation.
behind this line. HIT - One of the 6 basic skills. To jump and strike the
BACK ROW/COURT: Space from baseline/endline to ball with an overhand, forceful shot.
attack line. There are 3 players whose court positions HITTER - Also “spiker” or “attacker.” The player who is
are Position 1, 6, and 5 on the court. responsible for hitting the ball. ALL.
BACK ROW ATTACK: Typically, a player who has JUMP SERVE - The server uses an approach, toss,
rotated to the back row jumps behind the 3-meter line takeoff, and serves the ball with a spiking motion while
to hit the ball. in the air. There are two main types: jump float, jump
BACK SET: A set made when the player who is setting spin.
the ball has his/her back toward the hitter. KILL - An attack that results directly in a point or side-
BASELINE: The back boundary of the court. Also called out.
the end line. LIBERO - A player specialized in defensive skills. This
BLOCK: one of the 6 basic skills. A defensive play by one player must wear a contrasting jersey color from his or
or more front row player meant to intercept a spiked her teammates and cannot block or attack the ball
ball. The combination of one, 2 or 3 players jumping in when it is entirely above net height. When the ball is
front of the opposing spiker and contacting the spiked not in play, the libero can replace any back-row player
ball with the hand. without prior notice to the officials.
BLOCKING ERROR - A violation that consists of touching LINES - The marks that serve as boundaries of a court. 2
the net, crossing the center line, blocking a set or any inches (5cm) wide.
other violation which occurs while making a block LINESMAN - Officials located at the corners of the court;
attempt. each linesman is responsible for ruling if the ball is
BUMP - The use of the forearm to pass or set the ball in legally in play along the lines for which he or she is
an underhand manner. responsible. For indicating touches and play outside of
CARRY - An illegal maneuver in which a player makes an the antennae on their side of the net.
underhand contact with the ball where the duration of LINEUP - Players starting rotation and, therefore,
the contact last for more than the maximum amount of serving order. Numbered 1,2,3,4,5,6.
time. LINE SERVE - A straight-ahead serve landing near the
CENTER LINE -The axis of the centre line divides the opponent’s left sideline
playing court into two equal courts measuring 9 x 9 m
each. BASIC SKILLS IN VOLLEYBALL
CLOSING THE BLOCK - The responsibility of the assisting SERVING-The first contact that starts every rally is called
blocker(s) to angle their body relative to the first a “serve”. The player who serves is called the “server”.
blocker. Usually a server uses one, open hand to swing overhead
CROSS-COURT ATTACK – an attack directed diagonally and send the ball over the net from behind the end line.
from the point of attack. Also called an angle hit. Less experienced players may serve underhand.
DEEP - Refers to sending the ball away from the net,
towards the baseline of the opponent’s court.  UNDERHAND SERVE - This serve is used
DIG - The act of successfully receiving a ball. Almost mainly in recreational volleyball. It does not
always, the dig refers to the act of recovering an require the level of skill or coordination that
attacked ball close to the court floor. the other types of serves do. With one foot
DINK or DUMP - A pinpoint and aggressive push of the stepped back, you hold the ball in your
ball over the net. opposite hand. Then with your other hand
DOUBLE BLOCK - Two players working in unison to fisted, shift your weight forward and hit the
intercept a ball at the net. ball just below the center (or equator) of
DOUBLE HIT/Contact - Successive hits by the same the ball.
player. (Illegal)  OVERHAND SERVE - For all overhand
FIVB/IVBF - Federation Internationale de Volleybal serves, you start with your dominant-side
FLOATER - A serve with no spin that follows an foot back and the ball held extended in your
unpredictable path. non-dominant hand. Then you toss the ball
FOOT FAULT - The illegal act of placing a foot on or up in front of you hitting hand. How you hit
inside the end line prior to the serve. it depends on the type of overhand serve
FOREARM PASS - Contacting the ball with the forearms you want to create. The biggest difference
in order to deliver the ball to the setter in an between the types of overhand serves is the
underhanded manner.
 server's body position, where contact is block technique is used to deflect the ball coming from
made on the ball, and the follow-through. an attacker.
 TOPSPIN SERVE - A topspin serve is the - A block is a defensive playing action at the net. A block
most common competitive serve as it is may be performed by one front row player or a
delivered with a good pace and spin. Like in combination of front row players jumping near the net
the name, the topspin of the ball will cause in front of an opposing attacker. The goal is to block the
it to dive down towards the ground quickly spiked ball with the hands or arms preventing the spiker
once it clears the net. from a successful attack.
 JUMP SERVE - The jump serve is more
advanced and utilizes an even higher toss DIGGING - The job of a volleyball digger is to prevent
that should be several feet in front of the the ball from hitting the floor after being spiked by the
server. You uses more of an attack opposing team.to dig, the volleyball players must
approach, jumping and striking the ball with anticipate the spike and be prepared to quickly dive in
the heel of your hand while you're in the any direction.
air. With this serve, your wrist remains stiff, RULES AND REGULATION
then you hold (stop) your palm in position
facing the target. -Player may not hit the ball twice in succession. (A block
 FLOATER - A float serve or a floater is a is not considered a hit.)
serve that does not spin. It is called a -Ball may be played off the net during a volley and on a
floater because it moves in unpredictable serve.
ways, making it difficult to pass. A float -A ball hitting a boundary line is in.
serve catches the air and can move -A ball is out if it hits an antennae, the floor completely
unexpectedly to the right or the left or it outside the court, any of the net or cables outside the
can drop suddenly. To hit a floater, you antennae, the referee stand or pole, the ceiling above a
make contact in front of your body with non-playable area.
your hand hitting behind the middle of the -It is legal to contact the ball with any part of a player’s
ball. The arm follows through but only body.
partway. By hitting directly behind the ball, It is illegal to catch, hold or throw the ball.
you ensure there's no spin. -A player cannot block or attack a serve from on or
inside the 10-foot line.
-After the serve, front-line players may switch positions
RECEIVING - Also called as passing the ball, passing is at the net.
often thought of as the most important skill in -Matches are made up of sets; the number depends on
volleyball, if you can't pass the serve, then you won't level of play. 3-set matches are 2 sets to 25 points and a
ever put your team in a position to score a point. third set to 15. Each set must be won by two points. The
SETTING - Setting is the second step of passing, and it winner is the first team to win 2 sets. 5-set matches are
can be done to either dump the ball over into an 4 sets to 25 points and fifth set to 15. The team must
undefended spot or to “set” the ball into a position that win by 2 unless tournament rules dictate otherwise. The
allows the hitter to spike it over, the perfect set is a high winner is the first team to win three sets.
ball, just inches from the net.
Rule violations that result in a point for the opponent
 TOSSING OR OVERHEAD SET - An overhead -When serving, the player steps on or across the service
pass is a ball handling skill used to direct the ball line as while making contact with the ball.
to the target by contacting the ball with both -Failure to serve the ball over the net successfully.
hands. The ball is played up overhead using a -Ball-handling errors. Contacting the ball illegally
setting type motion. Using the hands to play the (double touching, lifting, carrying, throwing, etc.)
ball is often preferred over passing with the -Touching the net with any part of the body while the
forearms because the hands have greater ball ball is in play.
control. -When blocking a ball coming from the opponent’s
court, it’s illegal to contact the ball when reaching over
 BUMP OR UNDERHAND SET - Bumping the ball the net if both your opponent has not used 3 contacts
means a player uses their forearms to pass the AND they have a player there to make a play on the ball.
ball to a teammate or to hit the ball back over -When attacking a ball coming from the opponent’s
the net to the other team. court, contacting the ball when reaching over the net is
a violation if the ball has not yet broken the vertical
plane of the net.
SPIKING/ATTACKING - In volleyball, spiking is the act of -Crossing the court centerline with any part of your
scoring a point by slamming the ball over the net into body is a violation. Exception: if it is the hand or foot. -
the opposing court effectively and aggressively. In many In this case, the entire hand or entire foot must cross for
ways, the mechanism of volleyball spiking is not it to be a violation.
altogether different from the act of slam dunking in the -Serving out of rotation/order.
sport of basketball or smashing in the sport of tennis. -Back-row player blocking (deflecting a ball coming from
BLOCKING - Blocking is a skill in volleyball used to the opponent) when, at the moment of contact, the
prevent the opponent from a successful attack hit. A back-row player is near the net and has part of his/her
body above the top of the net. This is an illegal block. in the libero rotation, notifying referees when problems
-Back-row player attacking a ball inside the front zone occur in the rotation.
(the area inside the 3M/10- foot line) when, at the
moment of contact, the ball is completely above the
net. This is an illegal attack.
OFFICIATING AND HAND SIGNALS IN VOLLEYBALL LINE JUDGES - At least two, and as many as four, line
As in most sporting competitions, volleyball employs judges monitor each game. The line judges stand at the
referees in order to control the flow of the game and corners of the court watching the lines to indicate
enforce the rules. Without them, the fast-paced game whether a ball in play falls in or out of the court. If a
could easily get out of hand if disputes regarding rules server steps on the line during a serve, the line judge
were to arise. watching the given line notifies the referees using a flag.
THE VOLLEYBALL REFEREE TEAM INCLUDES: When a player touches an out-of-play ball or if the ball
The first referee, the second referee, the scorekeeper, hits an antenna, the designated line judge also indicates
assistant scorekeeper or libero tracker, and two line the interference. Line judges work with the referees,
judges signaling to assist in making judgment calls. These
officials often use flags to signal when a ball is in or out,
REFEREES - The referee is the individual at the center of hits the antennae of the net, or when the server
the court, dressed in black and white stripes. A referee’s commits a foot fault, or steps outside the line as they
duties include signaling when a rally begins and ends. serve.
The referee is responsible for officially recognizing team
requests, substitutions, time-outs and communicating
with the coaches at the appropriate times.
FIRST REFEREE - The first referee stands on the referee
stand and controls the play of the entire game.
Whatever issues arise during the game, the first referee
determines the call and has the final say. After making a
call, no player or other referee can argue the call,
although a formal protest can be placed with the scorer.
Before the match begins, the first referee inspects the
equipment and the players’ uniforms. The warm-ups
and the coin toss also fall under the jurisdiction of the
first referee. Throughout the match, the first referee
make calls regarding faults and scoring issues. Following
the match, the first referee notes the score and signs
the official paperwork.
SECOND REFEREE - The second referee works to assist
the first referee throughout the game. If for some
reason the first referee can’t finish his duties, the
second referee may take the place of the first referee.
The second referee stands next to the post opposite the
first referee. In addition to assisting the first referee
with determining faults throughout the game, the
second referee is in charge of all substitutions, timeouts
and the actions of the scorer’s table.
SCOREKEEPER - The official scorer keeps track of the
score throughout the volleyball game. Before the game
begins the scorer notes the starting lineup of each
team. If a dispute or irregularity arises regarding the
score, the scorer uses a buzzer to notify the first and
second referees. Additionally, when a substitution
request arises, the scorer notifies the referees. Once the
game begins, scorekeepers not only track points, but
also player substitutions, sanctions and time-outs. The
scorekeeper keeps an eye on the individual serving the
ball to track the rotation and notify referees of potential
lapses. At the close of the game, the scorekeeper
records the final score of the game.
ASSISTANT SCOREKEEPER - he assistant scorekeeper or
libero tracker is responsible for updating the scoreboard
and keeping an eye on the libero. The libero tracking
duty was added in 1999. This individual records changes