CURRENT AFFAIRS-VALUE ADDITION (CA-VA)

PRELIMS MICRO TEST (PMT) - 12

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1. Consider the following steps in the 3. With reference to the India Meteorological
recombinant DNA process: Department (IMD), consider the following
1. Ligation of the gene into a vector statements:
2. Insertion of recombinant DNA into host 1. IMD was established in 1875 and is
cells the oldest meteorological agency in the
3. Screening and selection of successfully world.
2. It is responsible for naming tropical
modified cells
cyclones in the Northern Indian Ocean
4. Isolation of the desired gene sequence region.
5. Amplification of the recombinant DNA 3. IIMD is the only Regional Specialized
inside the host Meteorological Centre (RSMC) in Asia
Which of the following is the correct sequence designated by the World Meteorological
of events in recombinant DNA technology? Organization (WMO).
4. It has implemented the System of Aerosol
(a) 4 → 2 → 1 → 5 → 3 Monitoring and Research (SAMAR) to
(b) 1 → 4 → 2 → 5 → 3 study atmospheric aerosols and their
(c) 4 → 1 → 2 → 3 → 5 impact on weather and climate.
(d) 2 → 1 → 4 → 5 → 3
Which of the statements given above is/are
2. Which of the following factors influence the incorrect?
efficiency of wireless charging systems? (a) 1 and 2 only
1. Frequency of the alternating current (b) 2 and 3 only
used for induction (c) 1 and 3 only
2. Distance between transmitter and (d) 3 and 4 only
receiver coils 4. Consider the following statements:
3. Material composition of the surrounding Statement-I: A photon, despite having zero
medium rest mass, possesses momentum and can exert
4. Electromagnetic interference from pressure.
nearby electronic devices
Statement-II: According to quantum
5. Atmospheric pressure and temperature
electrodynamics (QED), photons acquire
variations
effective mass due to interactions with charged
Select the correct answer using the codes particles in a medium.
given below:
In the context of the above statements, which
(a) 1, 2, 3, and 4 only of the following is correct?
(b) 1, 3, and 5 only (a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are
(c) 2, 3, 4, and 5 only correct, and Statement-II is the correct
(d) 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 explanation for Statement-I.

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 (b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are 3. ICF does not require external magnetic
correct, and Statement-II is not the fields for plasma confinement.
correct explanation for Statement-I. 4. Helium-3 is considered the ideal fuel for
(c) Statement-I is correct, but Statement-II ICF due to its ability to produce fusion
is incorrect. with minimal neutron emission.
(d) Statement-I is incorrect, but Statement-
Which of the statements given above is/are
II is correct.
correct?
5. Which of the following is an example of (a) 3 only
artificially acquired passive immunity? (b) 1 and 4 only
(a) Newborns receiving IgG antibodies (c) 2 and 3 only
through the placenta from the mother (d) 1, 2, and 4 only
(b) A person receiving antibodies via an
8. Which of the statements about Nuclear Waste
injection of anti-venom after a snake
Management in India is/are correct?
bite
(c) Immunization with an mRNA (a) The Nuclear Power Corporation of
COVID-19 vaccine India Limited (NPCIL) has the sole
(d) A person developing immunity after responsibility for nuclear waste disposal
recovering from a viral infection in India.
(b) Deep geological repositories are
6. With reference to the Open Radio Access considered the most suitable option
Network (O-RAN), consider the following for permanent disposal of high-level
statements: nuclear waste.
1. It allows interoperability between (c) India’s Nuclear Waste Management
multiple vendors’ equipment by using Policy mandates an open fuel cycle
open-source software exclusively. approach.
2. It requires operators to use only cloud- (d) India’s Nuclear Liability Act of 2010
based virtualized networks. includes specific provisions for nuclear
3. It eliminates the need for traditional waste disposal responsibilities.
spectrum allocation by using AI-driven
9. Consider the following statements regarding
dynamic spectrum sharing.
the differential rotation of the Sun’s
4. India and the United States have
Chromosphere:
collaborated to develop an O-RAN
ecosystem under the US-India O-RAN 1. It creates powerful magnetic field lines
Acceleration Roadmap. that get twisted and contribute to the
formation of sunspots.
Which of the statements given above is/are 2. Its rate of rotation varies not only with
incorrect? latitude but also with depth.
(a) 1 and 4 only 3. The Sun’s equatorial regions rotate
(b) 1, 2 and 3 only faster than the polar regions.
(c) 3 and 4 only
(d) 1, 2, and 4 only How many of the above statements is/ are
correct?
7. With reference to the Inertial Confinement (a) Only one
Fusion (ICF), consider the following
(b) Only two
statements:
(c) All three
1. ICF is based on the principle of sustaining (d) None
long-duration plasma confinement using
strong magnetic fields. 10. With reference to Raman Spectroscopy,
2. ICF uses high-energy lasers or ion consider the following statements:
beams to compress a fuel pellet to 1. Rayleigh scattering is much stronger
achieve nuclear fusion. than Raman scattering.

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 2. Raman Thermometry is used to measure 4. Sapphire crystals are self-emissive and
temperature variations in materials. can generate light without an external
3. Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy energy source.
(SERS) relies on the quantum Which of the statements given above are
mechanical tunneling of photons. correct?
4. Resonance Raman Spectroscopy (RRS)
(a) 1, 3, and 4 only
is useful for selectively enhancing
(b) 1 and 3 only
vibrational modes of chromophores and
(c) 2 and 3 only
semiconductor materials.
(d) 1, 2, and 3 only
Which of the statement(s) given above is/are
13. Consider the following pairs:
correct?
(a) 1, 2, and 3 only Approach to
(b) 3 and 4 only control the
Description
(c) 1, 2, and 4 only spread of
(d) 4 only gene drives
11. Consider the following statements regarding 1. Daisy Chain A. Introduces
the Air Independent Propulsion (AIP) System Gene Drives engineered
in the context of a submarine: mechanisms that
halt the function of
1. AIP allows submarines to operate
gene drives.
underwater for extended durations,
without the need for conventional diesel 2. Gene B. Uses synthetic
engines. Containment barriers to prevent
2. AIP-equipped submarines have greater Strategies gene drive
organisms from
submerged endurance than nuclear-
interbreeding with
powered submarines due to lower
wild populations.
energy consumption.
3. AIP-powered submarines require 3. Dominant C. Blocks unintended
frequent refuelling, affecting their Suppression transmission of gene
operational range compared to diesel- Drives drive elements to
electric submarines. non-target species
4. Horizontal D. Multiple gene drive
Which of the statement(s) given above is/ are
Transfer components are
correct? Inhibition distributed across
(a) 1 and 2 only separate genetic
(b) 3 only elements.
(c) 2 and 3 only
(d) 2 only Which of the pairs given above are correctly
matched?
12. Consider the following statements regarding
(a) 1-D, 2-C, 3-A, 4-B
MicroLED technology:
(b) 1-C, 2-A, 3-B, 4-D
1. MicroLED displays use microscopic (c) 1-D, 2-B, 3-C, 4-A
light-emitting diodes (LEDs) as (d) 1-B, 2-D, 3-C, 4-A
individual pixels, eliminating the need
for a backlight. 14. With reference to the Battery Waste
2. Compared to MicroLED displays, Management Rules, 2022, which of the
OLEDs offer higher brightness, energy following materials are covered under the
efficiency and longevity. minimum recovery targets for recycling?
3. Some MicroLED displays are built 1. Lithium
on sapphire substrates, enhancing 2. Iron
durability and performance. 3. Nickel

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 4. Graphite 3. External Beam Radiation Therapy
5. Magnesium (EBRT) uses high-energy X-rays,
Which of the statements given above are whereas Brachytherapy and Proton
correct? Therapy use completely different energy
sources.
(a) 1, 2, and 3 only
(b) 1, 2, 3, and 4 only Which of the statements given above are
(c) 1, 3 and 4 only correct?
(d) All of the above (a) 1 and 2 only
15. How does soil acidification impact agriculture (b) 2 and 3 only
in India? (c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2, and 3
1. Decreases the availability of essential
nutrients like phosphorus and 18. With reference to Human Metapneumovirus
molybdenum. (hMPV), consider the following statements:
2. Increases solubility of toxic metals like 1. hMPV infections can lead to severe
aluminum (Al³⁺) and manganese (Mn²⁺). respiratory illnesses such as bronchiolitis
3. Enhances microbial activity, increasing and pneumonia, particularly in
nitrogen fixation in acid soils. individuals with pre-existing respiratory
4. Reduces soil microbial diversity. diseases.
5. Improves water retention in lateritic 2. Unlike Influenza and RSV, hMPV
soils. exhibits high genetic variability and
Select the correct answer using the codes frequent antigenic shifts, leading to
given below: recurrent outbreaks.
3. hMPV is not yet included in the WHO’s
(a) 1, 2, and 4 only
Global Influenza Surveillance and
(b) 2, 3, and 5 only
Response System (GISRS) despite its
(c) 1, 2, 4, and 5 only
significant disease burden.
(d) 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5
4. Some studies suggest that individuals
16. In certain cold regions, salt is spread on roads infected with hMPV may remain
during winter to prevent ice formation. What asymptomatic but still transmit the
is the underlying chemical principle behind virus, making its epidemiological
this practice? tracking difficult.
(a) Salt absorbs heat from the surroundings Which of the statements given above are
and melts the ice. correct?
(b) Salt increases the boiling point of water,
(a) 1 and 3 only
preventing freezing.
(b) 1, 3, and 4 only
(c) Salt lowers the freezing point of water,
(c) 2, 3, and 4 only
preventing ice formation.
(d) 1, 2, 3, and 4
(d) Salt reacts exothermically with water,
melting the ice. 19. Consider the following statements: ( PYQ)
17. Consider the following statements regarding Statement-I Giant stars live much longer than
different radiotherapy techniques: dwarf stars.
1. Proton Therapy is preferred over
Statement-II Compared to dwarf stars, giant
Traditional Radiotherapy due to its
stars have a greater rate of nuclear reactions.
ability to precisely target tumors while
sparing healthy tissues. Which one of the following is correct in
2. Brachytherapy involves implanting respect of the above statements?
radioactive sources inside the body, (a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are
making it useful for treating both correct and Statement-I Statement-II
localized and metastatic cancers. explains

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 (b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II How many of the pairs given above are
are correct, but Statement-II does not correctly matched?
explain Statement-I (a) Only one
(c) Statement-I is correct, but Statement-II (b) Only two
is incorrect (c) Only three
(d) Statement-I is incorrect, but Statement- (d) All four
II is correct 22. With reference to Cloud Computing and Data
20. Which of the following is the correct Security, which of the following statements
description of the term “Three-Body are correct?
Problem”? 1. Platform as a Service (PaaS) provides
(a) The study of the interactions between developers with tools to build, deploy,
three particles in quantum mechanics, and manage applications, but it does not
include infrastructure management.
focusing on their wave functions and
2. Serverless computing eliminates the
entanglement.
need for backend infrastructure, making
(b) The analysis of three-dimensional
all cloud resources available on a pay-
gravitational systems, specifically how per-use basis without provisioning any
three stars orbit around a common hardware.
centre of mass. 3. Man-in-the-Cloud attacks exploit cloud
(c) The challenge of predicting the motion authentication mechanisms, allowing
of three celestial bodies under mutual attackers to hijack user sessions without
gravitational attraction, which often stealing credentials.
leads to chaotic behaviour. 4. Edge Computing enhances cloud
(d) The simplification of the two-body computing by processing data closer to
problem into a three-body scenario to end-users, reducing latency.
understand the dynamics of planetary 5. The General Data Protection Regulation
(GDPR) enforces data sovereignty
systems.
laws that prevent any cross-border
21. Consider the following pairs and their data transfer of personally identifiable
descriptions: information (PII).
Technique Description Select the correct answer using the codes
1. Metabolic Modifying cegenllular given below:
Engineering pathways using CRISPR (a) 1, 3, and 4 only
to improve biomolecule (b) 2, 3, and 5 only
production (c) 1, 2, and 5 only
2. Xenobiology Designing organisms (d) 1, 3, 4, and 5 only
with DNA containing 23. Consider the following factors influencing the
only natural base pairs rising prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes globally:
3. Synthetic Synthesizing and 1. Prolonged exposure to environmental
Genomics assembling complete pollutants like Persistent Organic
functional genomes Pollutants (POPs).
artificially
2. Consumption of Ultra-Processed Foods
4. Directed Creating genetic (UPFs)
Evolution modifications by 3. Gut Microbiota Composition
selectively evolving 4. Increased screen time and sedentary
proteins and nucleic
lifestyles among adolescents.
acids over generations
5. Genetic Predisposition to the disease

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 Which of the statements given above are Select the correct answer using the code
correct? below:
(a) 1, 2 and 5 only (a) 1 and 3 only
(b) 2, 3 and 4 only (b) 1 and 4 only
(c) 1, 2, and 4 only (c) 2, 3, and 4 only
(d) 3, 4 and 5 only (d) 1, 2, 3, and 4
24. If a dark comet is approaching Earth but 25. In which of the following are hydrogels used?
remains undetected until it is very close, which 1. Controlled drug delivery in patients
of the following factors could be responsible? 2. Mobile air-conditioning systems
1. It does not reflect much visible light. 3. Preparation of industrial lubricants
2. It does not emit infrared radiation. Select the correct answer using the code given
3. Its trajectory does not follow predictable below:
gravitational models.
(a) 1 only
4. It is hidden by other celestial objects.
(b) 1 and 2 only
(c) 2 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3

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