Hkdse Economics Past Paper

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 The Negative Impacts Of Firefighting
Alarifi, A. A., Dave, J., Phylaktou, H. N., Aljumaiah, O. A., Andrews, G. E. (2014). Effects of fire
fighting on a fully developed compartment fire: Temperatures and emissions. Fire Safety Journal,
68, 71 80. doi:10.1016/j.firesaf.2014.05.014 This article contains information on the effects, and
evaluation, of three different water pulse durations from a fire nozzles. It also shows scientific
data related to compartment temperatures, HRR, 02 levels, and toxic gases before and after nozzle
usage. This article will help to explain how fire behavior is effected by fire nozzle use, and provide
evidence for my thesis. Connors, T. (2006). Building a case for implementing smooth bore nozzles.
Fire Engineering, 159(2). In terms of importance,... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
D., Bertrand, J. E. (2003). The safe and effective use of fog nozzles: Research and practice. Tulsa,
OK: PennWell Corp. Although this source is a little older, it provides a vast amount of
information on fog nozzles. The author s reference, extensive research and practice associated
this type of nozzle. I will use this book as my primary source, for fulfilling the argumentative
requirement of my final paper. Yoon, S. S., Figueroa, V., Brown, A. L., Blanchat, T. K. (2010).
Experiments and modeling of large scale benchmark enclosure fire suppression. Journal of Fire
Sciences, 28(2), 109 139. doi:10.1177/0734904109104503 This article will help support my thesis.
It contains scientific data on fire suppression using firefighting nozzles. The data distinguished,
based on evidence, the difference between suppression and no suppression was related to flow rate
and operating pressure. It also contains good information on, beneficial nozzle diameters and water
droplet size need to suppress fires in a controlled
 The Negative Impacts Of Financialization
History shows that financialization has not only touched the United States, but has been a part of the
cycle of economies throughout time. It affected Spain in the 1300s as well as England in the 1800s
and 1900s. The definitions of financialization are many. One definition says that with regard to the
operation of the economy, it has to do with the increasing importance of financial markets, motives,
institutions, and elites (Assa 2012). Adam Smith defined it as the growing scale and profitability of
the financesector at the expense of the rest of the economy and the shrinking regulation of its rules
and returns (Collins 2015). It has also been said that in addition to its influence over the economy, its
reach extends to other societal institutions such as government (Gautam 2014). The literature on
financialization written in the last few decades highlights negative impacts on both the real and
financial sides of the economy (Assa 2012).
According to Palley (2007), financialization causes economies to slow their growth and become
fragile with a very real potential outcome being recession. When the financial sector has more
power, it takes precedence over the real sector. It takes money from the real sector and gives it to
the financial sector resulting in huge wage disparities and stagnation in the real sector. The effects
on those outside of the financial sector have been great. Household debt to income ratios have
increased, as have corporate debt to equity ratios
 Islam Is A Religion Based On The Interpretation And...
Islam is a religion based on the interpretation and application of fundamental scriptures geared
towards the need of a growing, modernizing religious community. The Qur an and the Prophet
Mohammed s Sunnah and hadith serve as the main sources for attaining religious knowledge.
Scholars of Islam, Ulema, delegated a mechanism in which they can gain knowledge after they have
consulted the Quran and Sunnah through ijtihad and qiyas. The flexibility with which they can use
reason, ijtihad, and analogies, qiyas, to answer questions of the time created doctrines that shed light
onto the growing concerns within the Muslim community. This methodology has served to provide a
path in which religious scholars can apply Islamto the changing dynamics of gender roles. The
modernizing world provided the framework for female scholars to enter the field of religious study
and interpret Islam on their own. Drawing on their reasoning and their ability to make analogies to
stories within Islam helped women develop sound arguments within Islam that codified women s
rights. Muslim feminist used the religion of Islam as the backbone of their movement by
highlighting their rights and freedoms within Islamic scripture. They opened the gates of ijtihad to
reevaluate scripture pertaining to their rights in a marriage free from the nuisances of male
scholars. Religious tools in extracting knowledge within the folds of Islam allowed women to
challenge existing marriage norms and gender roles based in
 Interest Group Formation
Deborah Herb
Dr. Harmon
Lit Review Draft
08 November 2015
The Formation of Interest Groups
The pluralist theory of democracy contends that people with common interests, organize in groups to
solicit support and solutions to problems in relation to government. Research indicates a key element
of interest group formation is the entrepreneur. The research suggests, however, the incentive for
entrepreneurs to organize varies. Some say the motivation to organize is economically based, others
say the motivation to organize is tied to a specific disturbance or event. Some contend patrons
motivate leaders to organize interest groups, others suggest a more altruistic motive for group
formation. My aim is to determine the driving force behind the entrepreneur ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
The article, If You Don t Do It, Nobody Else Will (Oliver, 1984) describes group leaders as highly
educated, but more pessimistic about the willingness of others to make active contributions.
Further, people are not motivated to lead in order to gain access to power, but to provide the
collective good because no one else will. Oliver (1984), contends that it is extremely unlikely in
voluntary community action for incentives to be enough to make a person want to absorb the cost
of involvement as a leader. In this theory, leaders will make the sacrifices, absorb the high costs of
leadership, accept low compensating rewards, when they believe no one else
 Air France Internet Marketing
Air France s Case You have just been hired by Rob Griffin to help him better understand the
effectiveness of Air France s online sponsored search efforts. He has requested answers to the
following questions: 1. Please calculate the effectiveness of each of Air France s marketing
campaigns across the 7 different publishers categories (3 points). Publishers| Avg. Cost per clicks|
Tot. Clicks| Media Costs| Tot. Bookings| Tot. Revenue| Net Revenue| Net Rev per Cost | Avg. of
Sales per Click %| Avg. of Trans. Conv. %| Yahoo US| 2| 45,598 | $46,198| 662 | $882,289| $836,091|
18| 1.45%| 183%| MSN Global| 2.15| 11,217 | $12,160| 129 | $145,524| $133,364| 11| 1.15%| 113%|
MSN US| 2.87| 10,808 |... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The use of phrase keywords also contributes to number of bookings like the phrase DC to France
Sale which have the highest conversion rate compare to others. Different with Google, Yahoo has
moderately earned more income from the words of city such as Florence, Paris and Rome. This
may be resulted from the difference search methods that Yahoo mainly focuses on web contents
keywords. Overture more likely to gain revenue in words that relate with cities in eastern part of
Europe like Athens, Tunis, Amman. Overture loses money on broad unspecific words. Thus,
Overture should focus on the exact keywords which have connection with flight and travel to
eastern part of Europe. MSN US and MSN Global costs mainly derived from phrase keywords
except Air France Brand keywords. For example, phrase keyword of travel to France generates
moderate number of 346 clicks, but none of the clicks succeed in sales conversion. Another
example is flights to Paris , other publishers succeed in booking of positive net revenue with the
keywords, while MSN US and MSN Global lose money. * Broad and focus keyword Broad
keyword usually gains many clicks from the campaigns. By analyzing publishers performance data,
we concluded that Yahoo US, Overture Global, MSN US and MSN Global are publishers that have
strength in broad campaign keywords. Number of clicks for broad keywords represents minimum
90% of total clicks
 Economic Significance Of The Hundred Years War
The Hundred Years War, a 116 year war struggle from 1337 to 1453 was a war that raged between
the most powerful European empires of their time, France and England. The rulers of the
Kingdom of England and Kingdom of France got in a war over the secession to the French throne.
The French king did not leave a son to rule, so the English king declared he should be king of both
lands because women were not fit to rule. The war was fought mostly in French land and played an
immense role on shaping both kingdoms and the world in multiple ways. The Hundred Year s Was
significant because it developed national pride, revolutionized warfare, and destroyed the French and
British economy.
Both France and Britain s economy was drastically affected by the ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
In Britain, when the cost of War increased, many parts of the empire suffered with the effects of
the war. The Investigation of complaints from multiple rural communities in Britain protested the
king because of the cost of war damage. They argued their quality of life is severely declined.
Many peasant communities suffered because the damage of their limited goods was irreplaceable
when enemies stormed their lands. French peasants quality of life declined. The fallen economy
impacted peasants, and war was responsible for the devastation of crops, buildings, and other
valuables. Looting from the troops worsened the living conditions as well. Many villages were
deserted when there was too much damage, or when sustaining a community was near impossible.
The taxation amount and methods worsened with the hundred years war. Moreover, the value of
money significantly decreased going from 4 million pounds to 11 million pounds by the late 5th
century creating inflation worldwide. The exported goods and debt were taxed higher accounting for
4/5th of the war finances. This impacted other empires around the globe as their economy fluctuated
with the power struggle of the
 The Theory Of The Soul s Nonexistence And Its...
What does it mean to have no self? If having a self is defined as identifying with all of human
qualities, then does one feel pain by death? Joy by birth? These questions seem to strike at the core
of Buddhist teachings. Personal continuity, moral responsibility, karma, and rebirth are all affirmed
by Buddhist teachings, yet they also seem to be saying that no permanent, enduring self moves from
one life to the next or even from moment to moment. If the soul does not exist, then the concept of
what is there starts to break down into simpler terms emptiness, as explained by Thich Nhat Hanh.
Buddhist teachings introduce the concept of emptiness in the context of the soul s nonexistence and
its implications on moral responsibility,... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Buddha chose to avoid the question, because he knew that answering this question in the affirmative
would be conforming with those brahmans contemplatives who are exponents of eternalism [the
view that there is an eternal soul] (Ananda Sutta)... and answering in the negative would be
conforming with those brahmans contemplatives who are exponents of annihilationism [death is the
annihilation of consciousness] (Ananda Sutta). Thanissaro s view relates to the concept of emptiness
and the implications on moral responsibility, personal continuity, rebirth, and karma through the
Four Noble Truths. The Four Noble Truths lead to the end of suffering and attachment. The first
truth is that there is suffering, second is suffering is created by the thirst for pleasures, third is
suffering can end, and fourth is the path to end suffering (Keown 50). Thanissaro states that these
truths should be recognized as they are and nothing else and should be performed appropriately. If
one completes this task and develop(s) the path of virtue, concentration, and discernment to a state
of calm well being. (Thanissaro), one will cease asking questions about the self and will instead ask
questions about how stress and suffering plays a role in a specific experience. These questions lead
to direct answers that
 Examples Of Income Statement
The Income Statement According to R.N Carter: A profit and loss account is an account into
which all gains and losses are collected in order to ascertain the excess of gains over the losses or
vice versa. Put alternatively, an Income Statement can be referred to as a financial statement which
shows the financial position of an organization which are mainly used by stakeholders. It is usually
prepared and published at the end of an accounting period so as to take into account all the
transaction occurred from the start of the year. Thus, it helps to keep shareholders and managers
updated about the costs, revenues and expenses incurred by the business within its financial year.
Figures like turnover, cost of sales, gross profit and net profit can be calculated through the Income
Statement. Turnover, also known as net sales, is the amount that a business earns directly... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is obtained by adding the opening inventory to the cost of purchasing goods and deducting the
cost of goods in closing inventory. Figures such as the cost of transportation of goods and return
outwards of goods should also be considered by subtracting it from purchases. The cost of sales is
a key part of the performance metrics of a company, since it measures the ability of an entity to
design, source, and manufacture goods at a reasonable cost. Gross Profit is the profit that a
business makes directly from its sales before deducting non operating expenses. It is obtained by
deducting the Cost of Sales from the Turnover. It indicates the efficiency of the management in
using labor and supplies in the production process. Net Profit is the last section of the income
statement. It shows the true profit of a business and it is obtained by subtracting all non operating
Expenses of the business from the Gross Profit, where non operating expenses are costs that are not
directly related to its main
 Domestic Violence As A Victim Of Domestic Abuse
Introduction Although we lost Ellen Pence, a woman who changed how domestic violence is
addressed, in 2012, there are many lives that are being saved to this day because of her work. Ellen
Pence found her calling in 1977 when she began working for the Minneapolis Housing Authority that
helped individuals relocate with housing complications (StarTribune, 2010). It was then that she
immersed herself through domestic violencecases and set the standard for addressing these cases.
Ellen Pence is especially known for establishing the Duluth Program, a program that address batterers
in the court systems, and Praxis Training, which are training on addressing domestic violencefor law
enforcement, advocates, community agencies, and institutions. Pence s 35 years of service
change the way domestic violence cases were handled, educated key players in domestic violence
cases, and showed the world what it was like to be a victim of domestic abuse. Without her efforts,
many individuals in power addressing these cases would be lost and those to who are victims would
not be understood as they are today.
Duluth Program
Pence established the Duluth program at the Domestic Abuse Intervention Project (DAIP) in Duluth,
Minnesota. The Duluth model can be described as a men s re education curriculum and an
intervention model that addresses women s safety by modifying and coordinating the procedures,
practices, and discernments of the involved parties of domestic violence cases, such
 Max In Max s Poem
In the exposition of the novel, Max has Low self esteem. For instance, in the first sentence of the
book On page 1, our protagonist, Max says I never really had a brain until Freak came along and let
me borrow his for a while. . This excerpt shows that Max has low self esteem because he says that he
never had a brain until Freak came along, later in the story. Another example is on page 2 Max
says I invented games like kick boxing and kick knees. . Clearly, this excerpt shows that Max has
low self esteembecause being short tempered, as Max is, is proven a sign of low self esteem.
Another example of max having low self esteem is on page 3 when Max says It s more of the
way Maxwell resembles him . This excerpt shows that Max has low self esteem because he
makes himself think that his grandparents are afraid of him. My last excerpt about max having
low self esteem at the beginning of the story is on page 5 when Max says That summer, let s see,
I m still living in the basement, my own private down under, in the little room Grim Built for me
there. Glued up this cheap paneling, right? It sort of buckles away from the concrete cellar walls,
a regular ripple effect, but do I complain about the crummy paneling or the rug that smells like low
tide? I do not. Because I like it in the down under, got the place all to myself and no fear of Gram
sticking her head in the door and saying Maxwell dear, what are you doing? Not that I ever do much
of anything. . This excerpt shows
 Essay on I Stand Here Ironing by Tillie Olsen
I Stand Here Ironing by Tillie Olsen is a depiction of a mother daughter relationship that lacks
involvement and warmth. The whole story composed of the mother s memory of her relationship
with her daughter, Emily. The memory was a painful one comprised mostly of the way the mother
was much less able to care for Emily. The forsaken of Emily demonstrates the importance of physical
and emotional support.
The mother was an invisible parent for Emily. Her reason for not being there for Emily was because
she was a young and distracted mother (Olsen 262). The real reason she was inattentive was because
she was inexperienced. She lacks the understanding of how essential it is to be there physically for
Emily. Emily needed her mother for ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Emotional support also plays an important role of Emily s well being. The idea mother suppose to
care, support, and value their children needs. Emily needed this nourishment. She needed her mother
to smile at her in order for her to feel a connection with the person that she supposed to be able to
depend on. Emily s mother did not know how to communicate with Emily. The mother daughter
relationship has an element of coldness, it lacks warmth. There were years she did not want me to
touch her (Olsen 262). Emily s mother inability to interact with her, leaves Emily unloved and in
return, she shall not express any love toward her mother. Emily s mother feels her wisdom came too
late (Olsen 262). With this thought in mind, Emily s mother shall never show communication or
love to Emily, therefore the relationship shall continue to be doomed.
Emily s mother felt like she was forced to neglect Emily. Her excuse was that the time was hard, it
was the age of depression, of war, of fear (Olsen 262). Although things were not under Emily s
mother s control, she takes responsibility anyway. In society, parents are thought to provide physical
and emotional support so that their children can advance through life with prosperity. This paper is
the property of Virtual Essays .com Copyright
 The Impact Of Technology And Modern Architecture
Technology and Modern Architecture How has it changed the Architects way of thinking? Ali
Alzahrani Arizona State University Imagine that everything in the life is operated by computers
including people basics duties such as cooking, washing, working, or even thinking instead of the
person. It could be something magnificent for some people, but others would think that technology
would worsen people s lives. Lawler (2005) writes Technology is a problem because we cannot do
without it and our use of it clearly makes us both better and worse (p.194). In other words, the
problem of technology is that it is essential in our lives, but it has negative and positive effects on us.
A look around our everyday surroundings tells us that technology is ubiquitous, and it almost exists
in every aspect of people s lives and architecture is not an exemption from this. Architects cannot
move forward in their designs if they neglect the crucial need of technology nowadays. At the same
time, this technology has affected architects work in general. While some people allege that
technology has not affected the architects manner of thinking, others agree that it has negatively
affected the way that architects think. Also, it has changed the manner in which architects present
and deal with their designs. Decreasing the creativity on starting concepts and impacting the
designers imaginations are two ways in which designers
 Topography Paper
Topography Case # 19 I chose to discuss, Topography, because I really enjoyed reading about Ms.
Steinbach and the way in which she chose to run her social studies class. I felt as though Ms.
Steinbach had great ideas to keep her students engaged. She is the type of teacher that I am striving
to be. Since I am currently student teaching, I am always searching, reading, and asking other
teacher s about their lesson planning ideas and ways in which they have successfully engaged their
students. It was clear that Ms. Steinbach wanted to make sure that her students got the most of out
her class as possible. Very quickly, Ms. Steinbach was eager to connect in several different ways
with her students. She was not the type of teacher that... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Steinbach chose to have the students participate in to determine why the western side of a
mountain typically gets more rainfall than the eastern side, was an authentic activity. Ormrod
(2016), states that authentic activities are tasks that children are most likely to encounter is real
life (p. 325). Now, I understand that to figure out why rainfall is more prevalent in one side versus
the other, one wouldn t lie on the ground with a bowl of water and a sponge, however, the real life
portion of this activity is that seeing this laid out in a real life example provided the students the
knowledge to grasp and understand why one side of the mountain typically receives more rainfall
than the other. Weather and geography are two real life situations that they will continue to encounter
in their life, especially as they enter into adulthood. Ormrod (2016) adds that authentic activities tend
to help students make strong mental connections between things that are learned within the
classroom and out of the classroom tasks (p. 325). Children are also more apt to learn and remember
things when they talk about their experiences (Ormrod, 2016 p. 325) and I am fairly certain than
several, if not most of the students went home that night and discussed the San Gabriel mountains,
Los Angeles, and Barstow with their