Samar Colleges, Inc.
Catbalogan City
College of Criminal Justice Education
COMPILATION OF OUTPUT/
ACTIVITIES IN FORENSIC 1
(FORENSIC PHOTOGRAPHY)
Submitted By:
_____2310743_(Student ID #)
(SUBJECT CODE)
Submitted to:
RAMIL D. MORALES, RCRIM.
INSTRUCTOR II
FORENSIC 1 (subject code)
NAME: Aron Curl B. Capili STUDENT ID #: 2310743
ACTIVITY 1:
“HISTORICAL EVENTS IN PHOTOGRAPHY”
OVERVIEW:
The history of photography has roots in remote antiquity and discovery
by many personalities or scientists with the principle of the Camera Obscura
and the observation that some substances are visibly altered by exposure to
light.
OBJECTIVES:
The students will be able to understand the birth photography.
PROCEDURE:
Insert the image of the personality and write their specific contributions
in the boxes provided below:
NAMES CONTRIBUTION
Mo-Tzu
Mozi (also known as
Mo-tzu or Master Mo) was a Chinese philosopher,
logician, and essayist who lived during the Hundred
Schools of Thought period (early Warring States
period, around 470–391 BCE). His specific
contributions include:
1. Universal Love (Jian'ai): Mozi advocated for
impartial concern for the welfare of all people,
regardless of distinctions between self and others.
This doctrine is often summarized as "universal
love." He believed in promoting the well-being of all
humanity.
2. Counter-Siege Technology: Apart from his
philosophical teachings, Mozi founded a
quasi-religious and paramilitary community. This
community lent aid to small states under threat
from military aggressors by providing expertise in
counter-siege technology.
3. Influence on Early Chinese Thought: Mohist ideas
survived well into the early imperial era, shaping the
political philosophies and policy decisions of both
the Qin and Han dynasties. Later Mohists also wrote
treatises on logic, geometry, optics, and mechanics,
influencing argumentative techniques and scientific
thought in ancient China.
Aristotle
Aristotle, born in 384 BC
in Stagira, Greece, made several significant
contributions that continue to influence various
fields. Here are some of his key contributions:
1. Logic and Syllogism: Aristotle invented the logic of
the categorical syllogism. Syllogism is a form of
reasoning where a conclusion is drawn from two
premises. His deductive approach laid the
groundwork for Western logic and reasoning. For
example: "Socrates is a man. All men are mortal."
From these premises, he concluded, "Socrates is
mortal."
2. Classification of Living Beings: In his work
"Historia Animalium," Aristotle classified animals
based on common traits. He grouped them by
characteristics like the presence of blood or their
habitat (water or land). His hierarchical view of life
influenced the field of zoology.
3. Wide-Ranging Works: Aristotle wrote extensively
on topics such as logic, ethics, metaphysics, and
biology. His views on logic serve as the foundation
for modern scientific thought.
Hassan Bin Al-Haitam
Abū ʿAlī al-Ḥasan ibn
al-Ḥasan ibn al-Haytham, also known as Ibn
al-Haytham, was a medieval mathematician,
astronomer, and physicist during the Islamic Golden
Age. His specific contributions include:
1. Optics: Ibn al-Haytham made significant
contributions to the principles of optics. His most
influential work is the "Kitāb al-Manāẓir" (Book of
Optics), written between 1011 and 1021. He studied
reflection, refraction, and the nature of images
formed by light rays.
2. Scientific Method: He advocated for the concept
that hypotheses must be supported by experiments
or mathematical reasoning, making him an early
pioneer in the scientific method, centuries before
Renaissance scientists.
3. Vision and Perception: Ibn al-Haytham correctly
explained the theory of vision, arguing that it occurs
in the brain and is subjective. He also introduced
the principle of least time for refraction, which later
became Fermat's principle.
4. Camera Obscura: He built the first camera
obscura, a precursor to modern cameras, and
described the pinhole camera.
5. Other Fields: Beyond optics, he contributed to
astronomy, mathematics, medicine, and philosophy.
Leonardo da Vinci
Leonardo da Vinci, the
Italian Renaissance polymath, made significant
contributions across various fields. Here are some of
his key achievements:
1. Artistic Masterpieces:
- Painting: Leonardo created masterpieces like
"The Last Supper" and the iconic "Mona Lisa." His
innovative use of light, perspective, and emotional
depth set new standards in art.
- Sfumato Technique: He introduced the sfumato
technique, which blended colors subtly to achieve
realistic transitions in paintings.
2. Scientific and Engineering Insights:
- Observation and Documentation: Leonardo
meticulously observed nature, human emotions, and
scientific phenomena. His detailed studies provided
invaluable knowledge.
- Inventions: As an engineer, he conceptualized
ideas far ahead of his time, including the parachute,
helicopter, armored fighting vehicle, concentrated
solar power, and even a rudimentary theory of plate
tectonics.
3. Urban Planning Vision:
- Leonardo envisioned an "ideal city," showcasing
his visionary approach to urban planning.
Girolamo Cardano
Girolamo Cardano, also
known as Gerolamo Cardano, made several
significant contributions:
1. Clinical Description of Typhus Fever: Cardano
provided the first clinical description of typhus fever.
2. Ars Magna (The Great Art; or, The Rules of
Algebra): His book "Ars magna" is a cornerstone in
the history of algebra. In it, he solved the cubic
equation (for which he was indebted to the Venetian
mathematician Niccolò Tartaglia) and also presented
the solution to the quartic equation discovered by
his former servant, Lodovico Ferrari.
3. Probabilities and Games of Chance: Cardano's
work included the first systematic computations of
probabilities, a century before Blaise Pascal and
Pierre de Fermat. His book "Liber de ludo aleae"
dealt with games of chance.
4. Mechanical Inventions: Cardano partially
invented and described several mechanical devices,
including the combination lock, the gimbal
(consisting of three concentric rings allowing a
supported compass or gyroscope to rotate freely),
and the Cardan shaft with universal joints (used in
vehicles to this day) .
Giovanni Battista
Della Porta
Giovanni Battista Della
Porta, also known as Giambattista della Porta, made
several notable contributions:
1. Optics: He deduced that a lens was better than a
pinhole in a camera, and he worked on ways to
improve vision using lenses. His interest in optics
led him to explore the camera obscura, which laid
the groundwork for later developments in
photography .
2. Steam Engine: Della Porta anticipated the concept
of a steam engine. He realized that when steam
condensed into water, a vacuum would remain,
which is a fundamental principle in steam power .
3. Other Disciplines: His wide-ranging interests
extended to agriculture, hydraulics, military
engineering, instruments, and pharmacology. He
authored books on raising water by the force of air,
military engineering, and distillation .
Daniele Barbaro
Daniele Barbaro
(1514–1570) was an Italian cleric, diplomat, and
architect. His notable contributions include:
1. Translation and Commentary on Vitruvius:
Barbaro translated and provided commentary on
Vitruvius' work, "De Architectura," which
significantly influenced architectural thought and
practice.
2. Science of Painting: He authored "La pratica della
perspettiva," an important treatise on the science of
painting.
3. Mathematical Wave Theory of Light: Barbaro
worked on a mathematical wave theory of light,
proposing that light was emitted as a series of waves
in the medium called the Luminiferous ether.
Roger Bacon
Roger Bacon, an English
Franciscan philosopher and educational reformer,
made significant contributions to the field of
experimental science. Here are some of his specific
achievements:
1. Gunpowder: Bacon was the first European to
describe in detail the process of making gunpowder.
His work in this area had a profound impact on
warfare and technology.
2. Proposed Inventions:
- Flying Machines: Bacon proposed the idea of
flying machines, which demonstrates his visionary
thinking about human flight.
- Motorized Ships and Carriages: He also
suggested the concept of motorized ships and
carriages, showing his interest in mechanical
innovations.
- Eyeglasses: Bacon is credited with proposing the
use of eyeglasses, which later became essential for
improving vision.
- Telescope: Although not widely recognized
during his lifetime, Bacon's writings hint at the
possibility of telescopic devices.
3. Educational Reforms: Beyond his scientific
pursuits, Bacon worked as a philosopher who
reformed educational practices of his time. His
influence extended beyond the scientific realm,
making him a multifaceted figure in medieval
history.
Isaac Newton
Sir Isaac Newton, born
in 1642 in Woolsthorpe, England, made significant
contributions in several fields:
1. Calculus: Newton invented calculus, a branch of
mathematics that deals with rates of change and
integrals. His work laid the foundation for modern
mathematics and physics.
2. Gravity: He formulated the law of universal
gravitation, which explains how objects attract each
other based on their masses. This law revolutionized
our understanding of planetary motion.
3. Optics: Newton discovered that white light is
composed of different colors and integrated color
phenomena into the science of light. His work in
optics was groundbreaking.
4. Telescope: He built the first working reflecting
telescope, improving astronomical observations.
5. Kepler's Laws: Newton showed that Kepler's laws
of planetary motion are exceptional cases of his
universal gravitation.
Johann Heinrich
Schulze
Johann Heinrich
Schulze (1687–1744), a German professor and
polymath, made three significant contributions:
1. Light-Sensitive Silver Nitrate: Schulze discovered
that silver nitrate was sensitive to light. In 1719, he
observed that silver salts changed color when
exposed to sunlight, a crucial principle for saving
images on negative film.
2. Temporary Shadow Capture: He used this light
sensitivity to temporarily capture shadows. By
applying stencils of words to a bottle filled with a
mixture of chalk, nitric acid, and dissolved silver, he
produced dark characters on the surface when
exposed to sunlight. These ephemeral "sun
printings" laid the groundwork for photography.
3. Pioneering Photography: Although Schulze's work
didn't provide a means of permanently preserving
images, it influenced later efforts. His discoveries
contributed to the development of photography,
leading to more substantial but still impermanent
shadow images by later inventors like Thomas
Wedgwood and Humphry Davy.
John Dolland
John Dollond
(1706–1761) was an English optician and maker of
optical instruments. His three significant
contributions are:
1. Achromatic Doublet: Dollond patented the
achromatic doublet, which combined crown glass
and flint glass to reduce chromatic aberration in
telescopes. This innovation significantly improved
image quality by minimizing color fringes.
2. Refracting Telescopes: He developed an
achromatic refracting telescope, eliminating color
distortion. This advancement allowed astronomers
to observe celestial objects more accurately.
3. Heliometer: Dollond also created a practical
heliometer, a divided-lens telescope used to measure
the Sun's diameter and angles between celestial
bodies.
Thomas Wedgwood
Thomas Wedgwood, an
English photographer and inventor, made three
significant contributions:
1. Early Photography Experiments: Wedgwood is the
first documented person to have used light-sensitive
chemicals to capture silhouette images on durable
media, such as paper. His initial attempts resulted
in shadow images (photograms) that weren't
light-fast, but his ideas and experiments formed the
conceptual breakthrough that heralded the advent
of photography.
2. Camera Obscura Images: He was the first known
individual to attempt to photograph the image
formed in a camera obscura, an early optical device
used for projecting images. Although the exact date
of his first experiments is unknown, he likely
advised James Watt on practical details related to
photography before 1800.
3. Legacy and Influence: Despite his short life,
Wedgwood's pioneering work laid the groundwork for
future developments in photography. His conceptual
breakthroughs paved the way for subsequent
advancements in capturing and preserving visual
images.
Joseph Nicephore
Niepce
Joseph Nicéphore
Niépce, born in 1765 in Chalon-sur-Saône, France,
made three significant contributions:
1. Heliography: Niépce developed heliography, a
technique he used to create the world's oldest
surviving products of a photographic process. In
1826/27, using a camera, he made a view from his
workroom on a pewter plate, which became the first
permanently fixed image from nature.
2. Internal Combustion Engine: In 1807, Niépce and
his brother Claude invented an internal-combustion
engine called the Pyréolophore. It used lycopodium
powder for fuel and was a precursor to modern
gasoline-powered engines.
3. Photographic Innovation: Niépce experimented
with various light-sensitive materials, including
bitumen of Judea, to create photographic images.
His work laid the foundation for future
developments in photography and printing
processes.
Louise Jacques Mande
Daguerre
Louis-Jacques-Mandé
Daguerre, better known as Louis Daguerre, made
three significant contributions:
1. Daguerreotype Process: He invented the
daguerreotype process of photography, which was
announced in 1839. The daguerreotype was an early
photographic technique that produced detailed and
permanent images on a silver-coated copper plate.
2. Improved Optics: Daguerre also worked on
improving optical instruments, including the
Diorama, a popular form of entertainment in the
19th century. The Diorama used large-scale
paintings and lighting effects to create immersive
visual experiences.
3. Legacy in Photography: His invention of the
daguerreotype had a profound impact on the
development of photography. It paved the way for
future innovations and established photography as
an art form and a means of documentation.
William Henry Fox
Talbot
William Henry Fox
Talbot made several significant contributions to the
field of photography:
1. Calotype Process: Talbot invented the calotype, an
early photographic process that improved upon the
daguerreotype. Unlike the daguerreotype, which
produced a single image, the calotype used a
photographic negative, allowing multiple prints to be
made from it.
2. Salted Paper Process: Talbot also developed the
salted paper process, another photographic
technique. It involved coating paper with a solution
of silver nitrate and salt, which would darken upon
exposure to light. This process was a precursor to
later photographic methods.
3. Photogenic Drawing: Talbot's photogenic drawing
process allowed him to create images without a
camera. By placing objects directly onto
light-sensitive paper and exposing them to sunlight,
he produced unique images.
John Frederick
William Herschel
Abel Niepce De
Saint-Victor
George Stokes
Gaspar Felix
Tournachon
Dr, Hermann Wilhelm
Vogel
Louise Dodero
Alphonse Bertillon
Auguste- Marie and
Louise Lumiere
George Eastman
Edwin Herbert Land
Frederick Scott Archer
Richard Leach
Maddox
Oskar Barnack
Jean Hellot
Dr. Rodolphe
Archibald Reiss
Victor Baltazard
Eduardo Masferre
REFLECTION:
Among the personalities mentioned, whom do you think really gave a big
contribution in police photography? Why?
