Listen carefully Analyse: Break down in order to bring out the
essential elements or structure.
Restate own/ someone else’s claim Annotate: Add brief notes to a diagram or graph.
Apply: Use an idea, equation, principle, theory or
Reconstruct an argument law in relation to a given problem or issue.
Offer a new reason to accept Calculate: Obtain a numerical answer showing the
relevant stages in the working.
somone’s claim Classify: Arrange or order by class or category.
Offer an objection Comment: Give a judgment based on a given
statement or result of a calculation.
Offer a response to objection Compare: Give an account of the similarities
Recapture the dialectic(what are between two (or more) items or situations,
referring to both (all) of them throughout.
we discussing) Construct: Display information in a diagrammatic
Invite contributions from others or logical form.
Consider: Think critically about, give critical
Direct attention to relevant textual thought to.
resources Demonstrate: Make clear by reasoning or
evidence, illustrating with examples or practical
Ask a clarificatory question, I’m not application.
sure which Derive: Manipulate a mathematical relationship to
give a new equation or relationship.
Ask for a definition Differentiate: Obtain the derivative of a function.
Identify further implication(solves Discuss: Look at a range of arguments and come
up with your own answer.
additional) Evaluate: Weigh up and form a judgement.
Offer a case(test adequacy of a Examine: Look at and consider critically.
Explain: Give a detailed account including reasons
claim) or causes.
Make a distinction(two concepts Explore:
discovery.
Undertake a systematic process of
held apart) How important: Form a judgement about relative
importance (very important? not that
Identify spurious distinction important?).
Identify an assumption(things takenIdentify: Provide an answer from a number of
possibilities.
granted) Interpret: Use knowledge and understanding to
Ask about the big Picture(Why doesrecognize trends and draw conclusions from given
information.
it matter) Justify: Give valid reasons or evidence to support
Relate the details to the big Picture an answer or conclusion.
On what grounds: Consider what the criteria
Put one text or claim into would be or reasons.
conversation w another Show: Give the steps in a calculation or derivation.
State: Give a specific name, value or other brief
(Link the claims to other claims thatanswer without explanation or calculation.
encountered) To what extent: Consider the merits or otherwise
of an argument or concept.
Verify: Provide evidence that validates the result.
