🩺 STUDY GUIDE – Explanations

SECTION 1: Medical Vocabulary & Phrasal Verbs

 Q: What does “anaphylaxis” refer to?
Answer: B. Severe allergic reaction
Explanation: Anaphylaxis is a life-threatening allergic reaction that occurs rapidly and can
cause shock, airway swelling, and low blood pressure.
 Q: “Palpitation” refers to:
Answer: B. Rapid or irregular heartbeat
Explanation: Palpitations are sensations of a racing, fluttering, or pounding heart, often
caused by stress, exercise, or medical conditions.
 Q: The abbreviation “CPR” stands for:
Answer: C. Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
Explanation: CPR is an emergency procedure that combines chest compressions with
artificial ventilation to preserve brain function.
 Q: “To check in” at a hospital means:
Answer: B. Register upon arrival
Explanation: To check in means to officially register or report your arrival at a hospital or
clinic.
 Q: A “benign” tumor is:
Answer: C. Not harmful
Explanation: Benign tumors are non-cancerous and usually do not spread to other parts of the
body.
 Q: “To bring up” symptoms during a check-up means:
Answer: B. Mention or discuss them
Explanation: To 'bring up' something means to start talking about it, especially during a
consultation.
 Q: “Lesion” refers to:
Answer: B. An area of abnormal tissue
Explanation: A lesion is any damage or abnormal change in the tissue of an organism, often
visible on the skin.
 Q: “Vital signs” include all except:
Answer: C. Diagnosis
Explanation: Vital signs refer to essential measurements like heart rate, temperature, and
blood pressure; 'diagnosis' is not one of them.
 Q: “To flare up” in chronic illness means:
Answer: B. Suddenly get worse
Explanation: A flare-up is when symptoms of a chronic disease suddenly intensify or
worsen.
 Q: “Fatigue” refers to:
Answer: B. Extreme tiredness
 Explanation: Fatigue is a state of extreme tiredness resulting from mental or physical
exertion or illness.
 Q: What does “rule out” mean in diagnosis?
Answer: B. Eliminate a possible condition
Explanation: To rule out means to exclude something as a possibility based on test results or
examination.
 Q: What is a “relapse”?
Answer: C. Return of a disease after improvement
Explanation: A relapse occurs when symptoms of a disease return after a period of
improvement.
 Q: “Triage” is the process of:
Answer: C. Prioritizing patient care by severity
Explanation: Triage helps allocate resources efficiently by treating the most severe cases
first.
 Q: The term “non-invasive” procedure means:
Answer: C. Does not enter the body
Explanation: Non-invasive procedures don’t involve instruments entering the body and are
usually safer with quicker recovery.
 Q: What is meant by “follow up”?
Answer: B. Schedule another visit to monitor progress
Explanation: A follow-up is a subsequent consultation to monitor a patient's condition after
treatment or diagnosis.
 Q: “To swell up” refers to:
Answer: B. Increase in size due to fluid
Explanation: Swelling often results from fluid accumulation in tissues, caused by
inflammation or injury.
 Q: What is a “prescription”?
Answer: B. Written instruction for medication
Explanation: A prescription is an official note by a doctor for medication or treatment.
 Q: “To break out in a rash” means:
Answer: B. Suddenly develop a rash
Explanation: To break out means a sudden appearance, especially of skin conditions like
rashes.
 Q: “Under the weather” implies:
Answer: A. Feeling unwell
Explanation: This idiom means feeling sick or not in good health.
 Q: “Sutures” are used to:
Answer: B. Close a wound
Explanation: Sutures (stitches) are used by medical professionals to hold body tissues
together after injury or surgery.

SECTION 2: Grammar – Dependent Clauses & Passive Voice
 1. was being monitored
Explanation: Past continuous passive to show ongoing action in the past.
 2. was spread
Explanation: Simple past passive to indicate completed action in the past.
 3. was administered
Explanation: Simple past passive used for specific time (8:00 am).
 4. were analyzed
Explanation: Past passive form to show that results had been examined.
 5. was not calibrated
Explanation: Negative passive to indicate improper calibration.
 6. was performed
Explanation: Passive form used to report a completed action (test performed).
 7. will be approved
Explanation: Future passive to express expected future approval.
 8. will be observed
Explanation: Future passive to describe ongoing observation.
 9. were recorded
Explanation: Past passive to report no symptoms noted.
 10. was manipulated
Explanation: Past passive indicating unethical data handling.

SECTION 3: Phrasal Verbs in Medicine

 Q: The doctor told him to cut back on salty foods.
Answer: B. Reduce consumption
Explanation: To 'cut back on' means to reduce the amount of something.
 Q: The patient passed out during the exam.
Answer: B. Lost consciousness
Explanation: 'Pass out' means to faint or become unconscious.
 Q: If symptoms set in, contact the hospital immediately.
Answer: A. Begin to appear
Explanation: 'Set in' means the start of symptoms.
 Q: She came down with the flu last night.
Answer: A. Got infected
Explanation: 'Come down with' means to catch an illness.
 Q: The doctor will follow up after the lab results.
Answer: A. Call to discuss next steps
Explanation: 'Follow up' refers to a subsequent contact or visit to check progress.

SECTION 4: Reading Comprehension – Obesity

1. A. TRUE / FALSE / NOT GIVEN
 Obesity is defined as a BMI of 25 or above.
FALSE – The text states 30 or above.
 Socio-economic status may influence obesity.
TRUE – The text mentions socio-economic factors.
 Every obese person should undergo surgery.
FALSE – Surgery is for severe cases only.
 Governments take part in promoting healthy living.
TRUE – The text mentions government campaigns.
 Obesity has no connection to mental health.
FALSE – The text lists mental health factors like depression.

2. B. SHORT ANSWER

 Name two health risks linked to obesity.

Answer: Cardiovascular disease, diabetes
 List two causes of obesity.
Answer: Poor diet, physical inactivity
 What are two types of treatment mentioned?
Answer: Behavior modification, bariatric surgery
 What is one psychological factor linked to obesity?
Answer: Depression
 What does long-term success depend on?
Answer: Patient motivation and access to healthcare

SECTION 5: Matching – Vocabulary

 1. Genetic engineering C. The process of changing genes to achieve specific outcomes
 2. Stem cells A. Cells that can develop into many different types of body cells
 3. Designer babies D. Babies created with chosen genetic traits
 4. Cloning B. Making an exact copy of a living organism
 5. Ethical E. Related to moral values and right or wrong behavior

SECTION 6: Prepositions in Context

 Correct prepositions:

in, to, from, of, about, with, in, about, from, on

SECTION 7: Writing – Ethics in Medicine

 Sample Answer:

In my opinion, patients should have the right to refuse treatment, even if doctors recommend it.
While medical advice is essential, personal beliefs and autonomy matter. For example, some
individuals may refuse surgery due to religious reasons. It should be respected as long as the
patient is informed. It is believed that patient autonomy plays a major role in ethical medical
practice.

SECTION 8: Matching – Medical Terms

 Hypertension I. High blood pressure
 Antibiotic A. A medicine used to treat bacterial infections
 Diagnosis D. The identification of a disease
 Inflammation G. The body's response to injury, causing redness and swelling
 Vaccine F. A substance that helps the body build immunity
 Pathogen H. An organism that causes disease
 Chronic B. Persistent or long-lasting condition
 Fracture E. A break in a bone
 Dose J. The specific amount of medicine to be taken
 Prognosis C. The predicted outcome of a disease