Class 10 Science Project Report
Title Page
Title: AI in War and Defence: Object Detection Using Arduino\ Name: [Your Name]\ Class: 10\ Roll No.:
[Your Roll No.]\ School: [Your School Name]\ Subject: Science\ Submitted to: [Teacher's Name]
Page 1: Introduction
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is transforming warfare and security systems. One of the simplest examples of AI-
based systems is object detection using ultrasonic sensors and microcontrollers like Arduino. In this project,
we have created a basic AI-inspired object detection model that alerts users through LEDs, buzzer sounds,
and LED matrix symbols. It shows how machines can make simple decisions using sensor data.
Page 2: Objective
The main aim of this project is to simulate an object detection system that:
• Uses an ultrasonic sensor to detect nearby obstacles.
• Alerts with buzzer and colored LEDs.
• Displays ❌ for object detected and ✅ when area is clear using an 8x8 LED matrix.
• Helps understand the application of AI and automation in defence fields.
Page 3: Materials Used
• Arduino UNO or Nano board
• HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor
• Buzzer
• Red LED & Blue LED
• 8x8 LED Matrix Display (MAX7219)
• Breadboard & Jumper Wires
• USB Cable or 9V Battery for power
Page 4: Circuit Diagram & Working
Circuit Diagram:\ (Draw the diagram showing connections: TRIG to D9, ECHO to D8, Buzzer to D3, Red LED
to D4, Blue LED to D5, DIN to D11, CLK to D13, CS to D10.)
1
Working:
• The ultrasonic sensor emits sound waves and receives reflections.
• Arduino calculates the distance using time difference.
• If distance < 20 cm: ❌ shows, buzzer beeps, red LED blinks.
• If distance ≥ 20 cm: ✅ shows, blue LED glows.
Page 5: Arduino Code (Part 1)
#include <LedControl.h>
LedControl lc = LedControl(11, 13, 10, 1);
const int trigPin = 9;
const int echoPin = 8;
const int buzzer = 3;
const int redLED = 4;
const int blueLED = 5;
void setup() {
Serial.begin(9600);
pinMode(trigPin, OUTPUT);
pinMode(echoPin, INPUT);
pinMode(buzzer, OUTPUT);
pinMode(redLED, OUTPUT);
pinMode(blueLED, OUTPUT);
lc.shutdown(0, false);
lc.setIntensity(0, 8);
lc.clearDisplay(0);
}
Page 6: Arduino Code (Part 2)
void loop() {
long duration, distance;
digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);
delayMicroseconds(2);
digitalWrite(trigPin, HIGH);
delayMicroseconds(10);
digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);
duration = pulseIn(echoPin, HIGH);
distance = duration * 0.034 / 2;
Serial.print("Distance: ");
2
Serial.print(distance);
Serial.println(" cm");
if (distance < 20) {
digitalWrite(buzzer, HIGH);
digitalWrite(blueLED, LOW);
digitalWrite(redLED, HIGH);
delay(100);
digitalWrite(redLED, LOW);
delay(100);
digitalWrite(buzzer, LOW);
showX();
} else {
digitalWrite(redLED, LOW);
digitalWrite(blueLED, HIGH);
showTick();
}
delay(100);
}
Page 7: Arduino Code (Part 3)
void showX() {
byte xPattern[8] = {
B10000001,
B01000010,
B00100100,
B00011000,
B00011000,
B00100100,
B01000010,
B10000001
};
for (int row = 0; row < 8; row++) {
lc.setRow(0, row, xPattern[row]);
}
}
void showTick() {
byte tickPattern[8] = {
B00000001,
B00000010,
B00000100,
B10001000,
B01010000,
3
B00100000,
B00000000,
B00000000
};
for (int row = 0; row < 8; row++) {
lc.setRow(0, row, tickPattern[row]);
}
}
Page 8: Applications & Benefits
Applications:
• Defence surveillance
• Intruder detection system
• Obstacle detection in smart robots
• Smart parking systems
Benefits:
• Low cost
• Real-time alerting
• Beginner-friendly
• Demonstrates AI principle
Page 9: Learning Outcomes & Conclusion
Learning Outcomes:
• Understood ultrasonic working principle
• Learned Arduino coding and circuit building
• Learned use of LEDs, buzzers, sensors
Conclusion:\ This project helped us understand basic AI applications using Arduino. It simulates how
defence systems detect threats and respond using technology.
[End of Report]
