CH3347 Reaction Engineering OVERVIEW OF THE COURSE

❑ The Chemical Reaction Engineering provides the

knowledge and calculation skills of the homogenous
reactors (based on two models: mixing and plug flow)
and heterogeneous reactor.

❑ The subject Chemical Reaction Engineering presents

the fundamental of Chemical reaction and reactors.

❑ It is followed by basic methods to interpretation of

chemical kinetics data, design equation and
application, the effects of temperature on design and
real flow modelling and application. Analyze and
design the reactor of solid catalyzed reaction and
biochemical reactor. 3
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Contact REFERENCES
1. Octave Levenpiels; “Chemical
Dr. CHÂU NGỌC ĐỖ QUYÊN Reaction Engineering”, John
Wiley&sons, 1999.
Email: cndquyen@hcmut.edu.vn
2. H. Scot Foggler, “Elements of
Chemical Reaction Engineering”,
International students edition, 1989.

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 REFERENCES CONTENTS
Chapter 1: Introduction to Chem. Reaction Eng
1. E.B.Nauman, “Chemical Reactor Design”, John
Chapter 2: Determination of homogenous reaction kinetics
Wiley & sons, 1987.
2. R. Ravi, "Coulson & Richardson’s Chemical Chapter 3: Design equations for homogenous reactions
Engineering , Volume 3A, Fourth edition,
Chemical & Biochemical Reactors", Elsevier, Chapter 4: Application of reactor design
2017
http://www.umich.edu/~elements/5e/index.html Chapter 5: Temperature effects in reactors

Chapter 6: Basics of non – ideal flow

Chapter 7: Introduction to the designation of heterogeneous

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chemical reactors 7

Learning outcomes Rules for studying the course:

▪ Attendance is critical. Also, lecture is very similar to the
At the end of the course, students should be able to: book material, reinforcing material in course.
✓ Interpret the chemical kinetics data. Develop kinetic ▪ Students must complete all exercises and tests taken in
class as required.
equations.
▪ Students must complete all assignments, project assigned
✓ Develop design equation from conservation equations. by the lecturer.
✓ Calculate and optimal design chemical reactors apply ▪ Students should note the deadline for submitting
for every reaction. assignments.
▪ Students should spend on average 6 to 8 hours per week
for self-studying (reviewing lectures, doing the tutorial
sheets & additional problems, and studying for the exam).

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 Preparation for Class:

❖ Be an active learner - ask yourself questions Chapter 1:

during lectures, as you read, and as you attempt
Introduction to
problems
Chemical Reaction
❖ Keep up with reading! Lectures make more sense
Engineering
when you have read beforehand. Classwork, and
test material comes from the book.
❖ Try to work together as a group, help one
another out for class preparation.
❖ Repetition is the key. Do as many problems as
you can to become familiar with the problem
types.

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EVALUATION Let’s Begin CRE

➢ FINAL: 50% Aims of Chapter 1:
➢ MID-TERM: 20% ✓ Students can describe, define the concepts in
➢ Assignments and projects (groups, Chemical Reaction Engineering
individuals): 30% ✓ Students can distinguish, evaluate various
types of reactors

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 Chapter 1 Let’s Begin CRE
CONTENTS: ❖Chemical Reaction Engineering (CRE) is the
❑General introduction field that studies the rates and mechanisms of
chemical reactions and the design of the
reactors in which they take place.
❑Concepts in CRE

❑Classification of reactors

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Let’s Begin CRE What is Chemical Reaction Engineering?

Chemical reaction engineering is at the heart of virtually every chemical ➢ Understanding how chemical reactors work lies at the heart
process. It separates the chemical engineer from other engineers.
of almost every chemical processing operation.
CRE can be applied in many areas, such as waste treatment, Physical Chemical Physical Products
Raw
microelectronics, nanoparticles, and living systems, in addition to the material
treatment treatment treatment By-
more traditional areas of the manufacture of chemicals and steps steps steps products
pharmaceuticals.
Recycle
Industries that Draw Heavily on Chemical Reaction Engineering ➢ Design of the reactor:
(CRE) are: ▪ No routine matter
CPI (Chemical Process Industries) ▪ Many alternatives can be proposed for a process.
Dow, DuPont, Amoco, Chevron ▪ Reactor design uses information, knowledge and experience
Pharmaceutical – Antivenom, Drug Delivery from a variety of areas - thermodynamics, chemical kinetics,
Medicine – Tissue Engineering, Drinking and Driving fluid mechanics, heat and mass transfer, and economics.

➔CRE is the synthesis of all these factors with the aim of

14 properly designing and understanding the chemical reactor. 16
 Nitric acid production

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Chemical Plant for Ethylene Glycol Nitrobenzene production

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 ❖Human body as a system of reactors

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Information needed to predict what a

reactor can do.
To find what a reactor is able to do we need to know the
kinetics, the contacting pattern and the performance equation.

Performance equation
relates input to output

=f [input, kinetics, contacting]

Contacting pattern or how materials Kinetics or how fast things

flow through and contact each other happen If very fast, then
in the reactor, how early or late they equilibrium tells what will leave
mix, their clumpiness or state of the reactor. If not so fast, then
aggregation. By their very nature the rate of chemical reaction,
some materials are very clumpy-for and maybe heat and mass
instance, solids and noncoalescing transfer too, will determine what
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liquid droplets. will happen. 24
 Classification of Reactions Variables Affecting the Rate of
Reaction
Homogeneous: takes place in one phase In homogeneous systems:
➢Temperature
Heterogeneous: it requires the presence ➢Pressure
of at least two phases to proceed at the rate ➢Composition
➢....
that it does.
In heterogeneous systems
More complicated: ➢…..
➢Mass transfer
+ enzyme-substrate reactions
➢Heat transfer
+ very rapid chemical reactions

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Classification of Reactions Definition of Reaction Rate

Noncatalytic Catalytic The rate of change in number of moles of this component due to
reaction is dNi /dt
Most gas-phase Most liquid-phase Based on unit volume of reacting fluid:
Homogeneous

reactions reactions Based on unit mass of solid in

Fast reactions such as Reactions in colloidal fluid-solid systems
burning of a flame systems
Enzyme and microbial Based on unit interfacial surface in
reactions two-fluid systems or based on unit
surface of solid in gas-solid systems
Burning of coal Ammonia synthesis
Roasting of ores Oxidation of Based on unit volume of solid in
Heterogeneous

Attack of solids by acids ammonia to produce gas-solid systems

Gas-liquid absorption nitric acid
Based on unit volume of reactor,
with reaction Cracking of crude oil if different from the rate based on unit
Reduction of iron ore to Oxidation of SO2 to volume of fluid
iron and steel SO3 26
Vri=Wri’=Sri’’=VSri”’=Vrri”’’ 28
 1.1. Chemical Kinetics Example 1.1
A rocket engine, burns a stoichiometric mixture of fuel
➢ Single & multiple reaction (liquid hydrogen) in oxidant (liquid oxygen). The
combustion chamber is cylindrical, 75 cm long and
➢ Elementary & non elementary reaction
60 cm in diameter, and the combustion process
➢ Chemical Equilibrium produces 108 kg/s of exhaust gases. If combustion
➢ Reaction order is complete, find the rate of reaction of hydrogen
and of oxygen.
➢ Temperature dependency from Arrhénius’ Law
1
H2 + O2 → H 2O
2

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1.2. Chemical thermodynamics Example 1.2

Chemical thermodynamics deal with equilibrium states
of reaction system. A human being (75 kg) consumes about 6000 kJ of
➢ The calculation of enthalpy changes connected with food per day. Assume that the food is all glucose and
chemical reactions, and that the overall reaction is
➢ The calculation of equilibrium compositions of
reacting systems.
Find man's metabolic rate (the rate of living, loving,
and laughing) in terms of moles of oxygen used per
m3 of person per second.

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 Classification of Reactors Mixed reactors
To carry out chemical reactions, discontinuously operated
reactors or continuously operated reactors can be used.
• Discontinuously: more frequently applied to produce fine
chemicals
• Continuously: more advantageous for the production of larger
amounts of bulk chemicals.
To study the different behavior of these types of reactors,
another important criterion serves to distinguish two limiting
cases: mixed flow and plug flow behavior

For theoretical studies and to compare the different reactors,

four different ideal reactors can be defined using the above
classification: batch reactor, semi-batch reactor, continuously http://encyclopedia.che.engin.umich.edu/Pages/Reactors/CSTR/CSTR.html
stirred tank reactor, plug flow tubular reactor. 33 35

Reactor Design Mixed reactors

Reaction
Stoichiometry
Kinetics: elementary vs non-elementary
Single vs multiple reactions

Reactor
Isothermal vs non-isothermal
Ideal vs nonideal
Steady-state vs nonsteady-state

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Copyright Chemical Engineering, Access Intelligence, LLC
 Mixed reactors Plug flow Tubular reactor

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=76wXA73h-jU&t=8s
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Mixed reactors Plug flow Tubular reactor

Copyright DCI, Inc., St. Cloud, MN

Copyright Pfaudler Inc., Rochester, NY

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Copyright New Brunswick Scientific, Edison, NJ
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Ideal reactor types.

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