《Development and Forecast of Computer
Science and Technology 》 课 程 论 文
(2024-2025 学年第 1 学期)
Study and Investigation on 5G Technology: A
Systematic Review
学生姓名： Joshua Wirya Wijaya
提交日期： 年 月 日 学生签名：
学 号 202469990452 座位编号
School of Computer
学 院 Science and 专业班级 CST
Engineering
Development and Forecast
课程名称 of Computer Science and 任课教师 Wu Si
Technology
教师评语：
本论文成绩评定： 分
Background
In wireless communication, 5G is the newest mobile network technology. This paper
discusses about the improvement of mobile network over the years and the challenges it faced
with every generation. Among all the previous generations, 5G offers faster internet, that
works anywhere, anytime, and for anyone. The difference that 5G brought is its ability to
connect not only people, but also devices, objects, and machines. It provides better
performances, experiences, which benefits both users and businesses. This research paper
focuses on the key features of 5G such as millimeter waves, massive MIMO, small cells,
mobile edge computing beamforming, different antenna technology, etc. The main objective
of this paper is to discuss about the latest 5G advancements and its future.
1. Introduction
In the last 30 years, wireless communication has advanced to a whole new level, going
from 1G to 4G and now 5G. The main goal was to increase data speed and reduce delays. 5G
offers faster data speed, better service quality, lower delays, high-coverage, higher reliability,
and economically affordable.
5G are categorized into three 5G types services:
1. Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB): provides high speed internet with
more data and moderate delays, allowing things like high-quality video
streaming and VR or AR media.
2. Massive Machine Type Communication (eMTC): made for devices that need
long range communication at a low cost and low power, perfect for IoT
(Internet of Things) devices.
3. Ultra-Reliable Low Latency Communication (URLLC): offers low delays
and high reliability, great for things like remote surgery, vehicle to vehicle
communications, and advance transport system.
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1.1Evolution form 1G to 5G
First generation - 1G
Launched in 1970s and 80s, 1G was based on analog technology. It had problems like poor
battery life, voice quality, and frequent dropped calls. It has maximum speed of only 2.4
Kbps.
Second generation - 2G
Introduced in the early 1990s, 2G was the first digital cell phone system, improving voice
quality and the ability to allow text messages. It introduced technologies like CDMA and
GSM, and the maximum speed for 2G has also significantly improved to 1 Mbps.
Third generation - 3G
3G made mobile internet faster allowing video calls and faster downloads. It was the first to
handle both voice calls and data, like downloading videos. 3G used special technology
(HSPA) and multiple antennas (MIMO) to improve data speed
Fourth generation - 4G
Launched in 2010, 4G is all about mobile broadband. It increased data speeds from 20 to 60
Mbps, using technologies like LTE and WiMAX. It could handle much more data and
allowed smoother video streaming and downloads.
4.5G (LTE-A): improved version of 4G LTE, LTE-A uses MIMO technology to increase
speeds between 42 and 90 Mbps. It allows you to use data, make voice calls, and stream video
all at once, with better performance.
Fifth Generation (5G):
5G is a major upgrade from its previous generations, offering much faster speed, lower
delays, and higher reliability. It supports three main services:
1. Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB): provides high speed internet with
more data and moderate delays, allowing things like high-quality video
streaming and VR or AR media.
2. Massive Machine Type Communication (eMTC): made for devices that need
long range communication at a low cost and low power, perfect for IoT
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(Internet of Things) devices.
3. Ultra-Reliable Low Latency Communication (URLLC): offers low delays and high
reliability, great for things like remote surgery, vehicle to vehicle communications,
and advance transport system.
2. Method
2.1 Surveys
This paper gives a complete review of 5G network technologies by looking at pas
research. Here is how the paper did its research on 5G technologies:
1. Looking at previous research
- The authors looked at many research paper and surveys
about 5G technologies to gather relevant information.
- They focused on six main parts of 5G, which are, Massive
MIMO, NOMA. Small cells. mmWave, beamforming, and
MEC.
2. Comparing old surveys
- They made a table to compare what other surveys have
already talked about and to see the difference.
3. Results
3.1 Survey Results
This paper provides a detailed survey on various technologies of 5G networks. This gives
an overview of different 5G technologies. Many researchers have focused on different aspects
of 5G networks. The table below shows a brief summary of studies on 5G. There are six main
technologies that helped to implement 5G networks in real life, they are, Massive MIMO,
NOMA, small cell, mmWave, beamforming, and MEC.
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1. Massive MIMO
A type of wireless communication technology that uses base stations with many antennas to
make communication much more efficient, using less energy and making better use of
available signals.
2. NOMA (Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access)
A method of multiple access in wireless communication that allows multiple devices to
connect without using different times or channels. It might help to increase capacity but it was
not prioritized when 5G was first developed.
3. Small Cell
A small cell connects to the main mobile network using the internet, either inside using fast
internet or outside using wireless. This helps keep a good coverage and speed for 4G and 5G
networks.
4. mmWave
A type of signal that sits between microwave and infrared lights. It is used for fast wireless
communication. It is also called the extremely high frequency band.
5. Beamforming
A way to make signals stronger by reducing noise and blocking unwanted signals. It also
helps to aim signals at certain direction. Beamforming is very crucial in systems involving
many antennas, such as 5G, LTE, and WLAN.
6. MEC (Multi-Access Edge Computing)
MEC brings technology closer to the user. It handles and store data nearby instead of in a far
place, which will help to make things faster as it reduces delays.
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Authors & MIM NOM mmWa 5G 5G Sma Beamformi ME 5G
references O A ve Io M ll ng C Optimizati
T L Cell on
Chataut yes yes yes
and Akl
Prasad et al yes yes
Kiani and yes yes
Nsari
Timotheou yes yes
and
Krikidis
Yong Niu yes yes
et al
Qiao et al yes yes
Ramesh et yes yes
al
Khurpade yes yes ye
et al s
Bega et al ye yes
s
Abrol and yes yes
Jha
Wei et al yes
Jakob yes
Hoydis et
5
al
Papadopoul yes
os et al
Shweta yes yes yes yes
Rajoria et
al
Demosthen yes yes
es
Vouyiouka
s
Al-Imari et yes yes
al
Michael yes
Till Beck et
al
Shuo Wang yes
et al
Gupta and yes yes
Jha
Our Survey yes yes yes ye ye yes yes yes yes
s s
3.2 Features of 5G
Connect many devices (IoT): 5G allows a lot of machine and gadgets communicate with
each other. This helps in farming and factories.
Ultra-fast, reliable communication: 5G allows real-time actions, like autonomous vehicle
and remote surgery.
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Super-fast internet: 5G provides very fast internet over big areas.
3.3 Applications of 5G
Healthcare: Doctor can now perform remote surgery
Autonomous vehicles: 5G allows vehicles to make real-time decisions to avoid accidents.
Entertainment: 5G allows faster video streaming by reducing delays.
3.5 Top 5G Providers
Ericsson, Verizon, Nokia, AT&T, T Mobile, Samsung, Qualcomm, ZTE, NEC,
Cisco, These companies are the leading companies in the development of 5G, providing high-
speed connections and new technologies.
4. Conclusion
This paper discusses about the advancement of 5G and how it has developed from its
previous generations to where it is now. It focuses on the key features of 5G and its uses.
What sets 5G apart form earlier mobile network is that 5G not only provide fast internet, but
also supports services like Internet of Things (IoT), vehicle to vehicle communication, etc.
This paper looks at different technologies in 5G, such as massive MIMO, NOMA, mmWaves,
small cells, MEC, beamforming, optimization, and machine learning.
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