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CSI293 Information Technology Fundamentals
Lecturer: Tebogo Seipone
Office: 247/284
Email: seiponet@ub.ac.bw
Lectures: MWF 0800
Labs: Tuesday 1300 – 1500 hours (Block 247 Lab 294)
Office Hour: Thursday 1500 – 1600 hours
What is Information Technology?
▪ Any technology that manipulates, stores, communicates and
disseminates information
▪ Two main parts of IT are
o Computers
o Communications
▪ IT basically merges computing and high
speed Communication links carrying
data, sound and/or video
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Why Information Technology?
▪ Ever increasing need to improve operations of any organization
➢ By utilizing technology as a tool to improve the processing and
information dissemination
▪ Optimization of processes within the industry it is used
➢ The results is increased profits
▪ Can you think of any other ???
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Benefits
➢ Processing is done at very high speed, allowing for complex tasks to
be performed in milliseconds or even micro
➢ Once programmed a computer carries tasks consistently and reliably
without any variations
➢ Provides large storage of data for later use
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Basic IT Concepts
❖ Basic Functions of a Computer:
▪ Input
▪ Processing
▪ Storage
▪ Output
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Brief History of IT
❖ In 1946 The world saw First Programmable electronic computer
called ENIAC
❖ 1967 –Graphical User Interface for a handheld Calculator by Jeff
Raskin
❖ In 1970 Microprocessor chips first came to use, we saw floppy disk
introduced for storage of data
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❖ 1969-1971 Unix developed and released by Bell Laboratories
❖ 1973 Experimental PC was developed by Xerox PARC, it used a mouse and
had GUI
❖ 1975 Microsoft was started by Bill Gates and Paul Allen;
o First Microcomputer
❖ 1976 Apple 1 Computer –first computer to be sold in assembled form
❖1977 Apple 2 floppy disk introduced which led to development of many
software programs
❖1978 First Commercial spread sheet and Word processor for consumer
❖1980 DOS version obtained by Microsoft, became PC-DOS for IBM
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❖ 1981 Star Computer introduced by Xerox, with mouse operated icons,
buttons, and menus
❖IBM introduced Personal Computer in 1981 as well
❖1982 Portable Computers
❖1983 First version of Windows announced –released two years later
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❖ 1992 Linux Torvalds introduces Linux; Mac System 7.0
❖1993 Multimedia desktop computers PDF software
❖1995 Windows 95 released
❖1998 Windows 98
❖2000 Windows 2000
❖2001 Windows XP
❖2006/2007 Windows Vista OS
❖ 2008 Cloud Computing starts – server virtualisation
❖ 2009 Windows 7
❖ 2012 Windows 8
❖2015 Windows 10
❖2021 Windows 11
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❖2024 Windows 12?? - AI integration throughout the OS
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IT and Other Fields
➢ Explain the difference between IT and other related
disciplines
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Information Systems
❖ Capture and manage data to produce useful information that
supports an organisation, its employees, customers, suppliers, partners
Data
People Information
Technology
Processes
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❖ Can be classified in terms of the functions they serve in the
organisation:
❑ Transaction Processing Systems (TPS)
- Captures and processes daily business transactions such as
orders, payments, reservations
❑ Management Information Systems (MIS)
- Use transaction data to produce information needed by
managers to run the business
- Provides for management oriented reporting based on
transaction processing and operations of the organization
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❑ Decision Support Systems (DSS)
- Help various decision makers identify and choose between
options or decisions
❑ Executive Information Systems (EIS)
- Tailored to the unique information needs of executives who plan
for the business and assess performance against those plans
❑ Expert Systems (ES)
- Capture and reproduce the knowledge of an expert and then
simulate the “thinking” of the expert
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❑ Communication and Collaboration Systems
- Enhance communication and collaboration between people, both
internally and externally
-e.g. video conferencing, cloud storage
❑ Office Automation Systems
- Help employees create and share documents that support day to
day office activities
- Includes electronic publishing, communication, image processing, as
well as office management systems
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Computer Science
▪ Theoretical field
o Primarily software-oriented
o Developing new algorithmic ways to solve a problem
o Emphasis on the mathematical basis which underlies
modern programming
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▪ Computer Science cont..
o Fundamentals of programming languages
o Information theory and algorithm theory (plus, linear and discrete
mathematics)
o How to design a software program, and how to run a successful
software development team
o Compiler and Operating system design and implementation
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Computer Engineering
▪ Brings together electronic engineering and computer science
▪ Design and assembly of hardware components e.g. processors,
integrated chips
▪ Low-level programming (usually the type of programming use to
create firmware)
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▪ Computer Engineering Cont..
o Digital hardware modeling e.g,VHDL,Verilog, System Verilog, System C
o Programmable Logic devices e.g. FPGA
o Microprocessors for embedded software design
o + Those in computer science e.g software development
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Information Technology
▪ Combination of computer technology (hw +sw) with
telecommunication technology (data, voice, networks)
▪ Building blocks of information systems
o Servers
o Operating systems
o Networking devices
o Software applications
▪ Existing hardware and software components to build a larger system
to solve a particular business function
▪ Maintenance of these components and the systems
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▪ IT tasks in CS:
o Maintenance of the CS labs
o Creating and managing users
o Maintenance of the CS network
o Installation and configuration of the printer network
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▪ When a new system is to be designed, IT technicians will determine:
o Different technologies to be used
o Proper hardware to be used
o Configuring the different components to work together
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Topics to be covered:
o The IT Professional
o Safe work procedures
o PC H/W
o Operating systems (Windows 10)
o Printers
o Computer networks
o Security
o Preventative maintenance and troubleshooting
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