UNIT 10: SPACE TRAVEL

I. GRAMMAR: RELATIVE CLAUSE:

1. Defining relative clause (Mệnh đề quan hệ xác định)
- Đây là mệnh đề được sử dụng để xác định, nhận dạng hoặc bổ nghĩa cho một danh
từ hoặc cụm danh từ trong câu. Nó cung cấp thông tin quan trọng và cần thiết để
hiểu rõ hơn về danh từ đứng trước. Không thể bỏ mệnh đề này đi vì câu sẽ trở nên
tối nghĩa nếu thiếu nó.
- Mệnh đề này được sử dụng khi danh từ là danh từ không xác định và không có dấu
phẩy ngăn cách nó với mệnh đề chính.
- Ex: The dress that she wore to the wedding was stunning.
2. Non-defining relative clause (Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định)
- Đây là mệnh đề được sử dụng để cung cấp thông tin bổ sung về một danh từ trong
câu. Nó không làm thay đổi ý nghĩa cơ bản của câu, nhưng cung cấp thêm thông
tin mở rộng về danh từ đứng trước đó. Vì vậy, nếu bỏ mệnh đề này thì câu vẫn có
nghĩa.
- Mệnh đề này thường được phân biệt bằng dấu phẩy ngăn cách giữa nó và mệnh đề
chính.
- Ex: My grandpa, who lives in New York, have a big apartment in the center.
3. Cách rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ trong câu
a. Cách rút gọn khi đại từ quan hệ là tân ngữ
- Khi các mệnh đề quan hệ nằm ở vị trí tân ngữ trong câu thì có thể được lược bỏ.
Nếu giới từ đứng trước đại từ quan hệ thì đảo giới từ ra vị trí cuối mệnh đề.
- Example: It is the best music video that I have ever seen. => It is the best music
video I have ever seen
b. Cách rút gọn khi đại từ quan hệ là chủ ngữ:
- Rút gọn thành V-ing”
+ Nếu MĐQH có động từ ở dạng chủ động thì có thể rút gọn bằng cách bỏ đại từ
quan hệ, đồng thời chia động từ ở dạng V-ing
+ Example: The girl who sits over there is my soulmate. => The girl sitting over there
is my soulmate.
- Rút gọn thành V3/ed
+ Nếu MĐQH có chủ ngữ ở dạng bị động thì có thẻ rút gọn bằng cách lược bỏ đại từ
quan hệ và “be”, đồng thời giữ nguyên động từ ở dạng V3/V-ed (quá khứ phân từ).
+ For example: The resort which was recommended by my friend has perfect service.
 The restaurant recommended by my friend serves delicious food.
- Rút gọn thành to V:
+ Dùng khi danh từ đứng trước có các từ như: the only, the first, the second, the last, so
sánh hơn nhất
II. EXERCISE
1. Choose the best answer:
Câu 1: This reading passage is about an astronaut ___ traveled into space in 1961.
A.who B.whom C.that D.both A &C
Câu 2 : The young astronaut has just posted a photo _____ was taken from the ISS to
Twitter.
A.which B.that C.what D.both A&B
Câu 3:Today, the menu on the ISS includes more than 100 items _______astronauts can
choose their daily meals before they fly into space.
A.which B.from which C.in which D.where
Câu 4 : Do you know the reason _______humans are interested in Mars and other planets
in the solar system?
A. which B.that C.why D.whose
Câu 5: Yuri Gagarin made the first space flight _____successfully attracted worldwide
attention.
A. which B.when C.whose D.where
Câu 6 : To walk on the moon, the astronauts had to carry a suitcase ____contained
oxygen.
A. which B.it C.having D.where
Câu 7 : The Astronauts Memorial Foundation honours all American astronauts
__________have lost their lives on missions or in training.
A. whom B.X C.which D.who
Câu 8 : Do you want to meet my colleague ____son is training to be an astronaut?
A.that B.whom C.whose D.X
Câu 9 : Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it is as similar as
possible in meaning to the original sentences.
The class watched a film yesterday. The film was about the Apollo 13 space mission.
 The film
Câu 10 : We are meeting an astronomer tonight. This astronomer has discovered three
Earth-like planets.
=> The astronomer
Câu 11 : We read about an astronaut. The astronaut travelled into space in 1961.
=> We read about
Câu 12 : This is the man. He works for NASA.
=> This is the
Câu 13 : I’m reading an article. The article is about NASA's plans to return humans to the
moon.
=> I’m reading
Câu 14 : This is the village. Helen Sharman, the first British astronaut, was born there.
=> This is
Câu 15 : Can you talk more about the parabolic flights? You took them for your training.
=> Can you
Câu 16 : This is the year. The first human walked on the moon on that day.
=> This is
Exercise 2. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense.
1. Galileo (use) _____ the telescope to view the stars and planets before Isaac Newton
(invent) _____ the first reflecting telescope.
2. After Robert Goddard (work) _____ on rocket technology, he (invent) _____ and
(launch) _____the first liquid-fueled rocket in 1926.
3. In 1983, Sally Ride (become) _____ the first American woman in space after Russian
cosmonaut Valentina Tereshkova (send) _____ in space twenty years earlier.
4. France (launch) _____ its first satellite before Japan (put) _____its test satellite into
orbit.
5. Mukai Chiaki, the first female Japanese astronaut, ________15 days aboard the space
shuttle Columbia in space before it _______to the Earth on July 23, 1994.
A. spent - had returned B. had spent - returned
C. was spending - was returning D. spent - was returning
6. Pham Tuan said everything ___quite strange although he __________when he was on
the ground.
A. was – prepared B. was - has prepared
C.was - had prepared D.had been – prepared
7 : In 1998 at the age of 77, John Glenn _______with six other astronauts on the space
shuttle after he ___________three orbits around the Earth a long time earlier.
A.flew – made B.was flying - made
C. flew - had made D. had flown – made
8 : In 2010, Naoko Yamazaki, the second female Japanese astronaut, _______on
Discovery space shuttle to the ISS after she _______her training at the Johnson Space
Center.
A. flew - was completing B. was flying - was completing
C. had flown – completed D.flew - had completed
9 : The mission which was to land on comet ______ by them by the end of the 1950s.
A.had successfully been completed B.was successfully completed
C. had successfully completed D. successfully completed
10 : As soon as the spacecraft _____into space, the crew started to observe the sun.
A. has travelled B.had travelled C.travelled D.was travelling
11: The launch of the Space Shuttle Endeavour _______broadcast live yesterday.
A.has been B.was being C.was D.had been
Exercise 3:
Neil Armstrong was the first person (1) _________on the moon. He was born in Ohio on
August 5, 1930. While he was in college, he left to serve in the U.S. Navy. He flew
planes during the Korean War. Then he came back to college and finished the degree he
(2) ___. He later (3) _______a master’s degree too. Armstrong became an astronaut in
1962. He was the commander of Gemini 8 in 1966. Neil Armstrong (4) ______the first
successful connection of two vehicles in space. Armstrong’s second flight was Apollo 11
in 1969, and he was the mission commander. He flew with Buzz Aldrin and Michael
Collins. Armstrong and Aldrin landed on the moon in a lunar module named ‘’Eagle’’.
With more than half a billion people (5) _______on television, Armstrong (6) ______the
ladder and said, “That’s one small step for a man, one giant leap for mankind”, and
Aldrin (7)_________him shortly. They explored the surface for two and a half hours,
collecting samples and taking photographs. They left behind an American flag, and a
plaque reading, “Here men from the planet Earth first (8) _______upon the moon. July
1969 A.D. We came in (9)____ for all mankind” .After almost a day, they blasted off.
They docked with Collins in (10) _________around the moon. All three then flew back
to the Earth.
1. A. walk B. walking C. to walk D. walked
2. A. starts B. started C.would start D. had started
3. A. took B. made C. earned D. scored
4. A. performed B. operated C. functioned D. carried
5. A. in B. under C. on D. at
6. A. lowered B. climbed down C. descended D. stepped
7. A. joined B. connected C. joined in D. involved
8. A.went B.set a foot C.set food D.set feet
9. A. silence B. freedom C. communication D.peace
10. A. space B. orbit C.height D. distance
Exercise 4:
A Mission to Mars
Have you ever had a dream about traveling to another planet in our solar system? If you
have, there is an actual programme that is happening right now, and it hopes to send
people to Mars in 2023. Known as the Mars One Mission, it will send a crew of four
people on a one-way mission to colonize Mars. Those chosen people will have to be
ready to say good-bye to the earth forever, as there will not be a return trip.
For the people chosen, they will have to learn to do many different things. First of all,
they will be living the rest of their lives with just a handful of other people, so they all
must have personalities that allow them to get along. Second, the living quarters that they
will have won’t be very spacious, so they will have to deal with that condition as well. If
they feel homesick, they will only be able to communicate with people back on the earth
via e-mail and videos and audio sent back and forth. However, there won’t be any real-
time communication. Even at the speed of light, communication between the earth and
Mars takes about 20 minutes.
Whether the Mars One Mission will actually happen is the big question that a lot of
people are asking. There is an enormous skepticism in the science community, and Wired
magazine gave the mission a miserable score of two out of ten on its probability scale.
However, for those who dream to go to Mars, at least they can say there is a possibility
that it could happen.
1.What will NOT happen to the people who go on the Mars One Mission?
A. They will live in quarters that don’t have a lot of space inside.
B. They will return to the earth
C. They will communicate with people on the earth.
D. They will have to live with other people.
2. What will NOT be spacious?
A. The mission B. The living quarters
C. The spaceship D.The magazines
3. Who might like to go on this mission?
A. People with angry personalities
B. People who don’t like to communicate
C. People who get along with others
D. People who get homesick easily
4. How long will it take for a message to come back from Mars?
A. Almost immediately B. About an hour
C. Around 20 minutes D. Only a few seconds
5. Which of the following is considered miserable?
A. A personality of people taking part in the programme
B. A mission of astronauts to the ISS
C. A crew on board of the Mars One Mission
D. A score of the programme on the probability scale