Urban
Planning and Design
Lecture-1
Introduction:
- What is planning - physical planning
- The purpose of planning
- Definition of planning
- Planning requirements
- planning purposes
- Planner role
- Planning process
- Principles of Planning
Introduction
• It is the study carried out by a group of specialists and experienced people to
survey a specific area with a problem to be solved, in order to obtain the best
possible extent for the comfort of its residents, while benefiting as much as
possible from its natural, social and economic resources.
• The goal of planning is to create a balanced residential environment based on
theoretical and applied studies, with the selection of the most appropriate
methods for its implementation and management.
What is planning
• It is make a plan to achieve the goals of the society in a specific functional field for a
geographical area within a specific time period.
• Conditions: - To be based on scientific foundations in all its stages.
- To be realistic and achieve the goal in the time specified for it.
- It should be flexible enough for the changes that may occur during its
implementation period or in the future.
• Therefore, planning is an approach and method in politics, management and every human
activity. It is a work that has social, economic and natural aspects, in which matters are
looked at in their three dimensions: the past, the present and the future, and in general, the
philosophy of planning combines idealism and realism in a specific time range.
• Purpose: Many, the most important of which is linking the state's plan to production (increasing
income) until it reaches the individual's service in society.
Physical planning 1963
TOWN PLANNING- URBAN PLANNING- CITY PLANNING- CITY AND REGIONAL PLANNING- PHYSICAL PLANNING
Physical planning is a design exercise that uses the land use plan as a framework to
propose the optimal physical infrastructure for a settlement or area, including infrastructure
for public services, transport, economic activities, recreation, and environmental protection.
• Urban planning is concerned with planning cities that do not depend on agriculture.
As for rural planning, it is concerned with planning cities and villages that depend on agriculture.
• Structure of the city or village: Land is generally divided into two main types:
a. Land allocated for residential buildings and public utilities.
b. Land outside scope (A) and allocated to forest land, tourist areas and
agricultural land.
Urban planning
it aims to assess and improve life and plays the most prominent role in solving the most pressing issues
such as population inflation and traffic crises and achieving a balance between population and services.
Planner role
Planners direct the development of cities and towns and planners must think of their plans
from the perspective of everyone who will be affected by their efforts (communicating with all
stakeholders).
Planners develop land use plans and programs that help create communities, accommodate
population growth, and revitalize public facilities and services.
The planner is the thinker who collects sufficient data
about the study area. And study the problem and its
relationship to other problems encountered and then isolate
it from the rest of the problems (identify the main problem).
And then analyze the data and establish the most
appropriate solution to the problem with the development
of a timetable to be implemented in stages to reach the
desired goal.
Planning process Concerned with Identifying objectives and determining
the resources needed to achieve those objectives.
• Identifying problems and opportunities.
• Formulating goals and objectives .
• Data collection and analysis.
• Formulating alternative plans.
• Evaluating alternative plans .
• Selecting a plan and formally adopting it .
• Selecting policies and tools.
Changes to the planning process
Strategic Urban Planning over past decades have witnessed the metamorphosis of the role
of the urban planner in the planning process. More citizens calling for democratic planning &
development processes have played a huge role in allowing the public to make important
decisions as part of the planning process. Community organizers and social workers are now
very involved in planning from the grassroots level.
The term advocacy planning was coined by Paul Davidoff in his influential 1965 paper,
"Advocacy and Pluralism in Planning" which acknowledged the political nature of planning
and urged planners to acknowledge that their actions are not value-neutral and encouraged
minority and underrepresented voices to be part of planning decisions.
Developers have also played huge roles in development, particularly by planning projects.
Many recent developments were results of large and small-scale developers who purchased
land, designed the district and constructed the development from scratch.
Principles of Planning
The Principles define what constitutes quality community planning.
The intention of the town planning is to satisfy the needs of our future generations
and prevent the haphazard growth of the town. Some of the guiding principles of town
planning are as follows:
Principles of Planning
1. Zoning:
The town should be divided into suitable zones such as commercial zone, industrial zone,
residential zone, etc. and suitable rules and regulations should be formed for the development of
each zone.
2. Green belt:
Green belt is non-development zone on the periphery of the town. It prevents the haphazard
sprawl of the town restricting its size. In essence, a green belt is an invisible line designating a
border around a certain area. Greenways and green wedges have a linear character and may run
across the town and not around the town.
3. Housing:
Housing has to be carefully studied and designed to suit the local population. There are
various types of housing styles. When a land-use plan is made, zones for independent housing,
midrise buildings, high rise buildings are allocated.
Principles of Planning
4. Public buildings:
Public buildings should be well grouped and distributed throughout the town. Unnecessary
concentration of public buildings should be avoided. Factors such as parking facilities, road widths
have to be taken into consideration while allocating the space for public buildings.
5. Recreation centres:
Recreation centres have to be given importance while designing a town. They are necessary for
the recreational activities of the general public. They include parks for walking and cycling,
amusement parks etc.
6. Road systems:
Road network hierarchy is very important. The efficiency of any town is measured by the
layout of its roads. A nicely designed road system puts a great impression in the minds of people,
especially the visitors to the town. The provision of a faulty road system in the initial stages of
town formation proves to be too difficult and costly to repair or to re-arrange in future.
Principles of Planning
7. Transport facilities:
The town should be provided with suitable transport facilities so that there is minimum loss of
time from place of work to the place of residence. Efficiency in transport facilities includes both
public and private networks. Public transportation network includes access to buses, trains, trams
and trolleybuses. Efficiency in using the public transport will determine the success of that town in
terms of design.
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