Augmented
Reality
and
Virtual Reality
Class 4
By
Dr. M. Kranthi Kiran
Agenda
• Intro to VR
• Definitions
• Types of VR
• Current VR Technologies and Tools
• Advantages and Disadvantages
Definitions of VR
VR is something imaginative, graphical, auditory, and interactive
‘Virtual Realism’ means an art form, a sensibility, and a way of living with new technology
VR is a technology that immerses a user into a computer- generated VW by replacing the real world
around the user with a virtual one
VR completely consists of computer-generated factors, which makes a user totally immersed in it. In
other words, a simulated, artificial environment replaces the real one in a VR system
Using visual, aural, and haptic devices, the user can experience the environment as if he/she was part
of the world
5 Essential Qualities of VR
Intensive Interactive Immersive
Illustrative Intuitive
Some Important Terms
VIRTUALITY VIRTUAL VIRTUAL PRESENCE TELEPRESENCE
OBJECT ENVIRONMENT
Types of VR
Non-
Immersive
immersive
Understanding Fidelity in Virtual Reality (VR)
Definition: Fidelity in VR refers to the degree to which a virtual
environment replicates real-world experiences or achieves intended
realism and functionality. It aligns the VR system with both the physical
and psychological aspects of the real world.
Types of Fidelity in VR
• Realistic representation of environments and objects.
Physical Fidelity: • Factors: Visual quality, accurate physics, sounds, haptics.
• Alignment with mental models and cognitive tasks.
Cognitive Fidelity: • Factors: Logical interactions, accurate scenarios.
Functional Fidelity: • Mimics real-world system functionality (e.g., flight simulators).
Emotional/Psychological • Evokes appropriate emotional responses (e.g., urgency in
disaster training).
Fidelity:
High Fidelity
scenario interaction
fidelity. fidelity,
display
fidelity,
Importance of Fidelity
Immersive and realistic.
High-Fidelity VR Systems: Suitable for complex training (e.g.,
medical or pilot training).
Resource-efficient.
Low-Fidelity VR Systems: Effective for simpler learning
objectives.
Types of VR
Semi-Immersive
Current VR
Technologies
Input and Output
Understanding HMDs
Types of Head
Mounted
Displays
Google Cardboard
Mobile Phone Integrated
3 Degrees of Freedom (DoF)
Samsung Gear VR – Mobile Phone Integrated
3 Degrees of Freedom (DoF)
Oculus go - Stand alone HMDs
3 Degrees of Freedom (DoF)
HTC Focus – Stand alone HMDs
6 Degrees of Freedom (DoF)
Razer with Leapmotion sensor
6 Degrees of Freedom (DoF)
Advanced HMDs
6 Degrees of Freedom (DoF)
Teardown HMD
Teardown Oculus Quest 2
The quality of sight perception in the VR
environment is related to the specifications of
the field of view
display systems optics (lenses)
(FoV)
tracking systems
Motion Latency
(head and eye)
other sensors
frame rate present in the case of
the tethered HMD.
Display types
LCD
Single Column LED
Projected
Small CRT
OLED
Optics
Optics
Optics
Latency in VR
Latency in virtual reality (VR) refers to the delay between a user's action
and the corresponding response in the VR environment. This could include
movements such as head tracking, hand gestures, or any interaction with
the virtual world. High latency can lead to a laggy experience, disrupting
immersion and even causing motion sickness.
Types of Latency in VR
1. Motion-to-Photon Latency: The time it takes from the moment a user
moves their head (or performs an action) to the moment the change is
displayed on the VR headset's screen.
2. Input Latency: The delay between a user's input (e.g., pressing a
button) and the corresponding action in the VR environment.
3. Network Latency: For multiplayer or cloud-based VR experiences, this is
the delay caused by data transmission over the network.
30 Average
60 Good
Frames Per
Second 90 Excellent
120 super speed
Field of View
Field of View
Tracking
HEAD TRACKING EYE TRACKING MOTION TRACKING
Input devices
for VR
Engines for Developing Virtual World
Unity Vs. Unreal
Vs.
