ER.

EZAZUL HAQUE
Fire Fighng
Water system discussion Prepared by
Eng. / Ezazul Haque.

#mep_engineer
 Content

Water system discussion 1- type

of sprinkler water system 2-
sprinkler selection 3- sprinkler
distribution and piping 4- sprinkler
hydraulic calculation 5- standpipe
systems 6- stationary fire pump

ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

 Introduction
NFPA : National fire protection association
We use expression protection because NFPA related
with 1- fire alarm
2- fire fighting
3- smoke management
Fire Definition
Fire, known as combustion, is the process of rapid oxidation at
high Tempreature. This releases hot gases, light, and invisible
forms of radiation energy.

ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

 Introduction
Fire triangle :
1- heat
2- fuel
3-suffiecent percentage of O2
Oxygen must be below 16 % to prevent fire

ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

 Common code:
NFPA
Nfpa 1 Uniform Fire Code
Nfpa 10 Portable Fire Extinguishers
Nfpa 11 Low-, Medium-, and High-Expansion Foam
Nfpa 12 Carbon Dioxide Extinguishing Systems Nfpa
13 Installation of Sprinkler Systems
Nfpa 14 Installation of Standpipe and Hose Systems
Nfpa 20 Installation of Stationary Pumps for Fire Protection
Nfpa 22 Water Tanks for Private Fire Protection
Nfpa 25 Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance of Water-Based Fire
Protection Systems
Nfpa 92A Smoke-Control Systems Utilizing Barriers and
Pressure Differences
Nfpa 99 Health Care Facilities
Nfpa 101 Life Safety Code
Nfpa 750 Water Mist Fire Protection Systems
Nfpa 2001 Clean Agent Fire Extinguishing Systems
Nfpa 5000 Building Construction and Safety Code

ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

 Approved organization
1- UL Underwriters Laboratories
2- C-UL ( CSA ) Underwriters’ Laboratories of Canada
3-FM Factory Mutual Research Corporation
4-LPS Loss Prevention Standards
5- VDS Verband der Schadenversicherer

ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

 Fire fighting systems
1- water systems
2- gas systems ( Co2 , FM200 , aresol , novac, …
3- foAm system

ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

 Water systems
Sprinkler system
1- wet system
2- dry system
3- pre action system
4- deluge system
5- anti freeze system
Standpipe system

ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

 System component
1- water tank
2- pump
3- control valve
4- water discharge element ( sprinkler , hose )

ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

 Wet system
Is the most common system

ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

 Wet system
General information
Gauges on both sides of the main valve, register
pressure on the supply and system sides,

A retard chamber prevents sudden pressure surges

which could cause a false alarm,

An alarm check valve detects water flow and activates

the alarm system,

ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

Wet system
Control valve

ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

 Wet system
Control valve
• Wet system is common System in sprinkler systems.
• Water fill all pipe from pump to sprinkler.
• When fire happen sprinkler bulb broken water begin in
dropped the pressure in the system side reduce and the gate
(clapper ) open to supply the system with pressurized water.
• After clapper open water through alarm outlet forward
to fill retard chamber then run the conge

ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

 Wet system
Control valve retard chamber
• Alarm check valve
have retard chamber
to accumulate leakage
water before the gong
• Retard chamber have
automatic drain to drain little leakage

ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

ER. EZAZUL HAQUE
Dry system

ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

 General information

• Pipes are not filled with water (but with pressurized gas or
• air), Heat from a fire opens a sprinkler head,
• Air pressure drops in the piping and opens a water valve
(the dry-pipe valve)
• Gas, air shall have compressor to keep the pressure and
Air maintenance devices
• System shall have two pressure gauge one in the side of
gas and other in the side of water
• Pressure of gas shall be accordance of dry pipe valve datasheet

ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

 Air supply

• You can use air or other approved gas ( nitrogen,….)

• The compressed air supply shall be from a source
available at all times
• Pressure of air shall be 20 psi (1.4 bar )
• Check valve shall be installed in air supply line to prevent
water , air flow from one system to other.
• Quick-Opening Devices shall be
• installed Air Maintenance devise

ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

 Air supply
• Quick-Opening Devices shall be installed
7.2.3.3 A system size of not more than 500 gal (1893 L)
shall be permitted without a quick-opening device and shall
not be required to meet any specific water delivery
requirement to the inspection test connection.
7.2.3.4 A system size of not more than 750 gal (2839 L) shall
be permitted with a quick-opening device and shall not be
required to meet any specific water delivery requirement to
the inspection test connection.( quotation from NFPA 13 , 2013 )

ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

 Air supply

• Quick-Opening Devices shall be installed

ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

 Air supply

• Quick-Opening Devices important

• Its
reduce the time delay between the

operation of the first sprinkler and the entrance of water into the
sprinkler piping of a dry pipe system to obtain the delivery water time

ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

 deliver y time

Delivery time : The total time between the opening of the inspector’s test
valve and the water delivery to the test valve

ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

 Air supply
• Quick-Opening Devices operation
st
when 1 sprinkler run the
pressure from piping system
Pressure in chamber #3 reduce
Than chamber #1. then Pressure
variation in the diaphragm
Downward the arm to open
Exhaust valve ,air from exhaust
Valve go down the clapper of
Dry pipe valve to increase
time Of delivery.

ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

 Air supply
• Air Maintenance device
7.2.6.6.2 Where the air compressor supplying the
dry pipe system has a capacity less than 5.5
ft3/min (156 L/min) at 10 psi (0.7 bar), an air
receiver or air maintenance device shall not be
required.(nfpa 13, 2013)
7.2.6.6.4 A check valve or other positive backflow
prevention device shall be installed in the air
supply to each system to prevent airflow or water
flow from one system to another. .(nfpa 13,2013)

ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

 Air supply

• Air Maintenance devise

• The By-Pass Valve is opened to fast fill the system during the
initial pressurization
• The Restrictor Check Valve prevents the unloader valve
from bleeding down the system.
• The Pressure Switch will automatically transfer its contacts at the
cut-in pressure to start the air compressor and then shut off the air
compressor once the cut-out pressure is reached.

ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

 Air supply

• Air Maintenance device

• .

ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

 Dry pipe valve

• .

ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

 Dry pipe valve

Air side
• From the geometry of
Dry pipe valve the air side
Area larger than water
Area To magnitude
the same force In little pressure
Air side ( P * A ) =
water side ( p * A)
• Valve consist of hole to
attached with main drain
valve which use in reset
system after control the fire
• The both side ( air , water ) have Water side
pressure gauge .
• Valve must be have connection to quick open device.

ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

ER. EZAZUL HAQUE
Deluge System

ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

• Pipes are not filled with water (or gas),
• All sprinkler heads are pre-opened,
• A signal from a detection device mechanically
opens a water valve,
  water fills the pipes and flows from all heads,
  water flows until shut off,
 system is reset

ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

ER. EZAZUL HAQUE
• Deluge valve work by electrical signal
from detector
• At ideal case ( no fire ) the push rod press
lever to close clapper.
• Pressurized water enter from push rode chamber
inlet to press the push rode and the pipe
connected with chamber outlet have normally
closed solenoid to keep the pressure in the
chamber
• At fire case detector send electrical signal to
solenoid to open and reduce press in the
push rod ,return spring pull rode from lever to
let clapper open
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE
 pre-action system
• Pipes are not filled with water,
• All sprinkler heads are of the standard type (they
are closed),
• A detection device opens a water valve,
Water fills the pipes,
• Water only flows from a sprinkler head if it is
opened by heat from a fire,
• Water flows until shut off and system is reset

ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

• Type of pre action system
1- A single interlock system, which admits water to sprinkler
piping upon operation of detection devices
2- A non-interlock system, which admits water to sprinkler
piping upon operation of detection devices or automatic
Sprinklers
3- A double interlock system, which admits water to sprinkler
piping upon operation of both detection devices and
automatic sprinklers

ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

• The same deluge valve

ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

1- Single and Non-Interlock Pre action Systems.
Not more than 1000 automatic sprinklers shall be
controlled by any one pre action valve
2-A system size for double interlock pre action
systems of not more than 500 gal (1893 L) shall
be permitted and shall not be required to meet any
specific water delivery requirement to the trip test
connection.
3-A listed quick-opening device shall be permitted to
be used.

ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

 Sprinkler system

component of sprinkler system:

1-tank
2-pump staon
3-control valve
4-zone control valve and network
5-sprinkler

ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

 Sprinkler

Reference NFPA 13 , 2013

ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

Definitions ; Sprinkler
Sprinkler :A Fire sprinkler is the part of a fire sprinkler
system that discharges water when the effects of a fire
have been detected, such as when a predetermined
temperature has been reached
System Riser: The aboveground horizontal or vertical
pipe between the water supply and the mains (cross or
feed) that contains a control valve (either directly or
within its supply pipe), pressure gauge, drain, and a
water flow alarm device.
Cross Mains. The pipes supplying the branch
lines, either directly or through riser nipples.
Branch Lines. The pipes supplying sprinklers, either
directly or through sprigs, drops, return bends, or
arm-overs
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE
Definitions ; Sprinkler
Riser Nipple. Vertical piece of pipe between the
main and branch line
Risers. The vertical supply pipes in a sprinkler system
Response Time Index – RTI: measures the speed
of response of the heat sensitive element
• Traditionally Fast Response Sprinklers have a
thermal element with an RTI of 50 (meters-seconds)1/2
or less. ESFR’s must have a thermal element with an
RTI of 36 (meters seconds) 1/2 or less
• Standard Response Sprinklers have a thermal
element with an RTI of 80 (meters-seconds)1/2
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE
 Sprinkler

General Sprinkler Characteristics ( 3.6.1 )

1- Thermal sensitivity
2- Temperature rating
3- K-factor (orifice size )
4-Installation orientation
5-Special service conditions

ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

 Sprinkler

1- Thermal sensitivity
• STANDARD RESPONSE
– 3 Min. 51 Sec. Room Fire Test
– 100 Sec. Plunge Test
• QUICK RESPONSE
– 75 Sec. Room Fire Test
– 14 Sec. Plunge Test
• RESIDENTIAL
– 14 Sec. Plunge

ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

 Sprinkler
Sprinkler type : (3.6.4) as thermal sensivity We
can divided sprinkler by me of response
3.6.4.1 Control Mode Specific Applica on (CMSA) Sprinkler. A type of spray
sprinkler that is capable of producing characteris c large water droplets and
that is listed for its capability to provide fire control of specific high-challenge
fire hazards.
3.6.4.2 Early Suppression Fast-Response (ESFR) Sprinkler. A type of fast-
response sprinkler that has a thermal element with an RTI of 50 (meters-
seconds)1/2 or less and is listed for its capability to provide fire suppression
of specific high-challenge fire hazards.

3.6.4.10.1 Standard Spray Sprinkler

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 Sprinkler

2- Temperature rating.

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 Sprinkler

2- Temperature rating.
8.3.2.2 Where maximum ceiling temperatures exceed 100°F (38°C),
sprinklers with temperature ratings in accordance with the maximum
ceiling temperatures of Table 6.2.5.1 shall be used.

8.3.2.3 High-temperature sprinklers shall be permitted to be used

throughout ordinary and extra hazard occupancies, storage occupancies,
and as allowed in this standard and other NFPA codes and standards.

ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

 Sprinkler
2- Temperature rating.
8.3.2.5* The following practices shall be observed to provide
sprinklers of other than ordinary-temperature classification
unless other temperatures are determined or unless high
temperature sprinklers are used throughout, and temperature
selection shall be in accordance with Table 8.3.2.5(a), Table
8.3.2.5(b), and Figure 8.3.2.5:

ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

 Sprinkler
2- Temperature rating (color code ) .

ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

 Sprinkler
2- Temperature rating (color code ) fast response .

ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

 Sprinkler
1/2
3- k – factor (orifice size ) Q=k (p)

ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

 Sprinkler
1/2
3- k – factor (orifice size ) Q=k (p)
8.3.4.1 Sprinklers shall have a minimum nominal K-factor of
5.6 (80)
8.3.4.2 For light hazard occupancies not requiring as much
water as is discharged by a sprinkler with a nominal K-factor of
K-5.6(80) operating at 7 psi (0.5 bar), sprinklers having a
smaller orifice shall be permitted, subject to the following
restrictions:
(1) The system shall be hydraulically calculated.
(2)A listed strainer shall be provided on the supply side of
sprinklers with nominal K-factors of less than K-2.8 (40).
6.2.3.5 CMSA and ESFR K-Factors. Control mode specific
application (CMSA) and early suppression fast-response (ESFR)
sprinklers shall have a minimum nominal K-factor of K-11.2
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE
 Sprinkler
4-Installation orientation (3.6.2)
3.6.2.1Concealed Sprinkler. A recessed sprinkler with cover plate.
3.6.2.2Flush Sprinkler. A sprinkler in which all or part of the body,
including the shank thread, is mounted above the lower plane of
the ceiling.
3.6.2.3 Pendent Sprinkler. A sprinkler designed to be installed in such
a way that the water stream is directed downward against the deflector.
3.6.2.4Recessed Sprinkler. A sprinkler in which all or part of the body,
other than the shank thread, is mounted within a recessed housing.
3.6.2.5Sidewall Sprinkler. A sprinkler having special deflectors that
are designed to discharge most of the water
away from the nearby wall in a pattern resembling one quarter of a
sphere, with a small portion of the discharge directed at the wall
behind the sprinkler.
3.6.2.6Upright Sprinkler. A sprinkler designed to be installed in such
a way that the water spray is directed upwards against the deflector.

ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

 Sprinkler
4-Installation orientation (3.6.2)

ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

 Sprinkler
We can divided sprinkler by many way
sensitive element
1- glass bulb
2- fusible link

ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

 Sprinkler
Selection of sprinkler:
For previous slide we can select write sprinkler that
compliable with nature of building.

Ex :
Standard sprinkler ,1/2 “ , k- 5.6 , pendant , glass bulb

ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

 Sprinkler system
classification of system based on occupancy :
1- light hazard
2- ordinary hazard
3- extra hazard

ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

 Sprinkler system
classification of system based on occupancy :
1- light hazard ‫ﺿﻌﻴﻔﻪ قرحلا ةوقو قﻠﻴﻠﻪ داوملا ﻛﻴمﺔ‬
Light hazard occupancies shall be defined as occupancies or portions of other occupancies
where the quantity and/or combustibility of contents is low and fires with relatively low rates of
heat release are expected
Ex : A.5.2 Light hazard occupancies include occupancies having uses and conditions similar to the
following:
(1) Animal shelters (2) Churches
(3) Clubs
(4) Educational (5) Hospitals, including animal hospitals and veterinary facilities
(6) Institutional (7) Kennels
(8) Libraries, except large stack rooms (9) Museums
(10) Nursing or convalescent homes
(11) Offices, including data processing
(12) Residential
(13) Restaurant seating areas
(14) Theaters and auditoriums, excluding stages and prosceniums

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 Sprinkler system
classification of system based on occupancy :
2- ordinary hazard
Ordinary hazard contained two group ( ordinary 1 , ordinary 2 )
Ordinary 1 : ‫ﻣﺘوﺳﻄﻪ قيرحلا هوقو قﻠﻴﻠﻪ داوملا ﻛمﻴﺔ‬
5.3.1.1 Ordinary hazard (Group 1) occupancies shall be defined as
occupancies or portions of other occupancies where combustibility is
low, quantity of combustibles is moderate, stockpiles of combustibles do
not exceed 8 ft (2.4 m), and fires with moderate rates of heat release are
expected
Ordinary 2: ‫ﻋﺎلﻴﻪ وا ﻣﺘوﺳﻄﻪ قيرحلا هوقو ﻣﺘوﺳﻄﻪ داوملا ﻛمﻴﺔ‬
5.3.2.1 Ordinary hazard (Group 2) occupancies shall be defined as
occupancies or portions of other occupancies where the quantity and
combustibility of contents are moderate to high, stockpiles of contents
with moderate rates of heat release do not exceed 12 ft (3.66 m), and
stockpiles of contents with high rates of heat release do not exceed 8 ft
(2.4 m)

ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

 Sprinkler system
classification of system based on occupancy :
Ordinary 1 :
A.5.3.1 Ordinary hazard (Group 1) occupancies
include occupancies
having uses and conditions similar to the following:
(1) Automobile parking and showrooms
(2) Bakeries ‫زباخملا‬
(3) Beverage manufacturing ‫تابورشملا ﻣﺼاﻧﻊ‬
(4) Canneries‫بيلعتلا ﻣﺼاﻧﻊ‬
(5) Dairy products manufacturing and processing‫نابلﻻا تاجتنﻣ‬
(6) Electronic plants
(7) Glass and glass products manufacturing
(8) Laundries ‫لساغملا‬
(9) Restaurant service areas
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE
 Sprinkler system
classification of system based on occupancy :
Ordinary 2 :
A.5.3.2 Ordinary hazard (Group 2) occupancies include
occupancies having uses and conditions similar to the following:
(1)Agricultural facilities
(2) Cereal mills (3) Confectionery products (4) Distilleries
(5) Dry cleaners (6) Feed mills (7) Horse stables (8) Leather goods
manufacturing
(9) Libraries — large stack room areas (10) Machine shops
(11) Metal working (12) Mercantile (13) Paper and pulp mills
(14) Paper process plants (15) Piers and wharves
(16) Plastics fabrication (17) Post offices (18) Printing and publishing (19)
Repair garages (20) Stages (21) Textile manufacturing
(22) Tire manufacturing (23) Tobacco products manufacturing
(24) Wood machining (25) Wood product assembly

ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

 Sprinkler system
classification of system based on occupancy :
Extra Hazard Occupancies
Extra hazard contained two group:
5.4.1 Extra Hazard (Group 1). Extra hazard (Group 1)
occupancies shall be defined as occupancies or portions of other
occupancies where the quantity and combustibility of contents are
very high and dust, lint, or other materials are present, introducing
the probability of rapidly developing fires with high rates of heat
release but with little or no combustible or flammable liquids.
5.4.2 Extra Hazard (Group 2). Extra hazard (Group 2) occupancies
shall be defined as occupancies or portions of other occupancies
with moderate to substantial amounts of flammable or
combustible liquids or occupancies where shielding of
combustibles is extensive.

ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

 Sprinkler system
classification of system based on occupancy :
Extra Hazard (Group 1).
A.5.4.1 Extra hazard (Group 1) occupancies include
occupancies having uses and conditions similar to the following
(1) Aircraft hangars (except as governed by NFPA 409)
(2) Combustible hydraulic fluid use areas
(3) Die casting
(4) Metal extruding
(5) Plywood and particleboard manufacturing
(6) Printing [using inks having flash points below 100°F (38°C)]
(7) Rubber reclaiming, compounding, drying, milling, vulcanizing
(8) Textile picking, opening, blending, garneting, or carding, combining
of cotton, synthetics, wool shoddy.
(10) Upholstering with plastic foams.

ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

 Sprinkler system
classification of system based on occupancy :
Extra Hazard (Group 2).
A.5.4.2 Extra hazard (Group 2) occupancies include
occupancies having uses and conditions similar to the following:
(1) Asphalt saturating
(2) Flammable liquids spraying
(3) Flow coating
(5) Open oil quenching
(6) Plastics manufacturing
(7) Solvent cleaning
(8) Varnish and paint dipping

ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

 Sprinkler system

component of sprinkler system:

1-tank
2-pump station
3-control valve
4-zone control valve and network
5-sprinkler

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 Net work
1- tree network
2- looped network
3.4.7 Looped Sprinkler System. A sprinkler system in
which multiple cross mains are tied together so as to provide
more than one path for water to flow to an operating
sprinkler and branch lines are not tied together
3- gridded net work
3.4.6 Gridded Sprinkler System. A sprinkler system in
which parallel cross mains are connected by multiple
branch lines, causing an operating sprinkler to receive
water from both ends of its branch line while other branch
lines help transfer water between cross mains

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Net work

ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

Pipe and fitting : ( 6.3 )Net work
1- 6.3.1.2 Steel pipe
2-6.3.1.3Copper tube
6.3.5 Copper Tube. Copper tube as specified in the standards
listed in Table 6.3.1.1 shall have a wall thickness of Type K, Type L,
or Type M where used in sprinkler systems table A6.3.5 ( page 282

3-6.3.1.4 Nonmetallic
4-6.3.1.5 Brass pipe
6.3.6 Brass Pipe. Brass pipe specified in Table 6.3.1.1 shall be
permitted in the standard weight in sizes up to 6 in. (150mm)for
pressures up to 175 psig (12 bar) and in the extra strong weight in
sizes up to 8 in. (200mm)for pressures up to 300 psig (20 bar).

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 Net work
Pipe and fitting : ( 6.3 )

ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

Pipe and fitting : ( 6.3 )Net work
Limitation for using nonmetallic pipes.
6.3.7.2* When nonmetallic pipe is used in combination systems
utilizing steel piping internally coated with corrosion inhibitors
and nonmetallic piping, the steel pipe coating shall be
investigated for compatibility with the nonmetallic piping by a
testing laboratory.
6.3.7.4 When nonmetallic pipe is used in combination systems
utilizing steel pipe, cutting oils and lubricants used for fabrication
of the steel piping shall be compatible with the nonmetallic pipe
materials.

See nfpa 13 from 6.3.7.1 to 6.3.7.7

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 Net work
Pipe and fitting : ( 6.3 )
Steel pipe ( welded or rolled grooved ) minimum thickness.
the minimum nominal wall thickness for pressures up to 300 psi
(20.7 bar) shall be in accordance with Schedule 10 for pipe sizes
up to 5 in. (125 mm), 0.134 in. (3.40 mm) for 6 in. (150 mm) pipe,
0.188 in. (4.78 mm) for 8 in. and 10 in. (200mmand 250 mm)
pipe, and 0.330 in. (8.38 mm) for 12 in. (300 mm) pipe. Table
A.6.3.2 ( page 282 )
Steel Pipe — Threaded. Minimum thickness
When steel pipe referenced in Table 6.3.1.1 is joined by
threaded fittings referenced in 6.5.1 or by fittings used with pipe
having cut grooves, the minimum wall thickness shall be in
accordance with Schedule 30 pipe [in sizes 8 in. (200mm)and
larger] or Schedule 40 pipe [in sizes less than 8 in. (200 mm)] for
pressures up to 300 psi (20.7 bar).

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 Net work
Pipe and fitting :
6.4.6* Couplings and Unions.
6.4.6.1 Screwed unions shall not be used on pipe larger than 2 in.
(50 mm).
6.4.6.2 Couplings and unions of other than screwed-type shall be of
types listed specifically for use in sprinkler systems. ( welded or
grooved ).
6.5.1 Threaded Pipe and Fittings
6.5.1.2* Steel pipe with wall thicknesses less than Schedule 30 [in
sizes 8 in. (200 mm) and larger] or Schedule 40 [in sizes less than
8 in. (200 mm)] shall only be permitted to be joined by threaded
fittings where the threaded assembly is investigated for suitability
in automatic sprinkler installations and listed for this service.
.... ‫ ﻣﻦ ربكا ريساﻮملا‬2 ‫وا ماحللا مدختسي بﻮﺻﻪ‬
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE
 Net work
Pipe and fitting :
6.5 Joining of Pipe and Fittings
6.5.1.2* Steel pipe with wall thicknesses less than Schedule 30 [in
sizes 8 in. (200 mm) and larger] or Schedule 40 [in sizes less than
8 in. (200 mm)] shall only be permitted to be joined by threaded
fittings where the threaded assembly is investigated for suitability
in automatic sprinkler installations and listed for this service.
6.5.3 Groove Joining Methods.
6.5.3.1* Pipe, fittings, valves, and devices to be joined with
grooved couplings shall contain cut, rolled, or cast grooves that
are dimensionally compatible with the couplings.

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 Net work
Pipe and fitting :
6.3.7.9 Pipe and Tube Bending.
6.3.7.9.1 Bending of Schedule 10 steel pipe, or any steel pipe of
wall thickness equal to or greater than Schedule 10 and Types
K and L copper tube, shall be permitted when bends are made
with no kinks, ripples, distortions, or reductions in diameter or
any noticeable deviations from round.
6.3.7.9.2 For Schedule 40 and copper tubing, the minimum radius
of a bend shall be six pipe diameters for pipe sizes 2 in. (50 mm)
and smaller and five pipe diameters for pipe sizes 21Ú2 in. (65 mm)
and larger.
6.3.7.9.3 For all other steel pipe, the minimum radius of
a bend shall be 12 pipe diameters for all sizes..

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 Net work
Pipe and fitting :
Underground pipe.
6.3.1.1.1* Underground pipe shall be permitted to extend into the building
through the slab or wall not more than 24 in. (0.6 m).
24.1.6.2* Connection Passing Through or Under Foundation Walls. When
system piping pierces a foundation wall below grade or is located under the
foundation wall, clearance shall be provided to prevent breakage of the piping
due to building settlement.
A.24.1.6.2 Where the system riser is close to an outside wall, underground
fittings of proper length should be used in order to avoid pipe joints located in
or under the wall. Where the connection passes through the foundation wall
below grade, a 1 in. to 3 in. (25 mm to 76 mm) clearance should be provided
around the pipe and the clear space filled with asphalt mastic or similar
flexible water proofing material.

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 Net work
Pipe and fitting :
Underground pipe.
10.4.1* The depth of cover over water pipes shall be determined by the
maximum depth of frost penetration in the locality where the pipe is laid
10.4.2 The top of the pipe shall be buried not less than 1 ft (0.3 m) below the
frost line for the locality
10.4.3 In those locations where frost is not a factor, the depth of cover shall be
not less than 21Ú2 ft (0.8 m) to prevent mechanical damage.
10.4.4 Pipe under driveways shall be buried a minimum of 3 ft (0.9 m).]
10.4.5 Pipe under railroad tracks shall be buried at a minimum of 4 ft (1.2 m).
10.4.6 The depth of cover shall be measured from the top of the pipe to
finished grade, and due consideration shall always be given to future or final
grade and nature of soil.
10.1.5* Working Pressure. Piping, fittings, and other system components shall
be rated for the maximum system working pressure to which they are exposed
but shall not be rated at less than 150 psi (10 bar).

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 Sprinkler system

component of sprinkler system:

1-tank
2-pump station
3-control valve
4-zone control valve and network
5-sprinkler

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 Net work
Zone control valve .

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 Net work
8.16.1.5 Floor Control Valve Assemblies
8.16.1.5.1* Multistory buildings exceeding two stories in height
shall be provided with a floor control valve, check valve, main
drain valve, and flow switch for isolation, control, and
annunciation of water flow on each floor level.
8.16.1.5.3 The floor control valve, check valve, main drain valve,
and flow switch required by 8.16.1.6.3 shall not be required
where the total area of all floors combined does not exceed the
system protection area limitations of 8.2.1.

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 Net work
8.16.1.5 Floor Control Valve Assemblies
1-control valve must be os&y ( out side screw and yoke )
2-tamper switch
3- check valve
4- pressure gauge
5- prv ( optional )
8.16.1.2.1 In portions of systems where all components are not
listed for pressure greater than 175 psi (12.1 bar) and the
potential exists for normal (non fire condition) water pressure in
excess of 175 psi (12.1 bar), a listed pressure-reducing valve
shall be installed and set for an outlet pressure not exceeding 165
psi (11.37 bar) at the maximum inlet pressure
6- drain line
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 Net work
8.16.1.5 Floor Control Valve Assemblies
6- drain line

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 Net work
Sprinkler distribution.
Shall know some information before beginning in
sprinkler distribution.

1- building plane area

2-bulding hazard as slide ( 56 – 62 )
3-area per sprinkler area for its hazard

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Net work

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Sprinkler distribution. Net work
1- area of building plane
1-1 know if the building ( area ) need sprinkler protection or not
Area limitation as nfpa 101 all next case shall not need sprinkler
1- Assembly occupancies consisting of a single multipurpose room of less than
12,000 ft2 (1115 m2) that are not used for exhibition or display and are not part
of a mixed occupancy
2- Locations in unenclosed stadia and arenas as follows:
(a) Press boxes of less than 1000 ft2 (93 m2)
(b) Storage facilities of less than 1000 ft2 (93 m2) if enclosed with not less
than 1-hour fire resistance–rated construction
3-Sprinklers shall not be required for stages 1000 ft2 (93 m2) or less in area
and 50 ft (15 m) or less in height.
4-Automatic sprinklers shall not be required in closets not exceeding 24 ft2
(2.2 m2) and in bathrooms not exceeding 55 ft2 (5.1 m2), provided that such
spaces are finished with lath and plaster or materials providing a 15-minute
thermal barrier

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 Net work
Sprinkler distribution.
1- building plane area
Number of riser per area
8.2.1 The maximum floor area on any one floor to be protected
by sprinklers supplied by any one sprinkler system riser or
combined system riser shall be as follows:
(1) Light hazard — 52,000 ft2 (4831 m2)
(2) Ordinary hazard — 52,000 ft2 (4831 m2)
(3)*Extra hazard — Hydraulically calculated — 40,000 ft2 (3716
m2) A.8.2.1(3) Pipe schedule — 25,000 ft2 (2323 m2).

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 Net work
Sprinkler distribution.
3- ( protection area for sprinkler (As ))
As = S x L
S = distance between sprinkler in the
branch L = distance between branches

8.5.2.2.2 The maximum area of coverage of any

sprinkler shall not exceed 400 ft2 (36 m2).

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 Net work
Sprinkler distribution.
3-area / sprinkler area for its hazard ( protection area for
sprinkler A(s ))

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 Net work
Sprinkler distribution.
3-area / sprinkler area for its hazard ( protection area for
sprinkler A(s ))

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 Net work
Sprinkler distribution.
3-area / sprinkler area for its hazard ( protection area for
sprinkler A(s ))

2
light hazard = 225 ft
2
Ordinary hazard = 130 ft
2
Extra hazard = 100 ft

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 Net work
Sprinkler distribution.
Distance between sprinkler. ( cont ……. )
maximum
Light hazard = 15 ft 4.6 m
Ordinary hazard = 15 ft 4.6 m
Extra hazard = 12 ft 3.7 m
8.7.3.4 Minimum Distance Between Sprinklers. Sprinklers
shall be spaced not less than 6 ft (1.8 m) Distance between
wall and sprinkler
8.7.3.2 Maximum Distance from Walls. The distance from sprinklers to the
end walls shall not exceed one-half of the allowable distance permitted
between sprinklers
8.6.4.1.1.1 Under unobstructed construction, the distance
between the sprinkler deflector and the ceiling shall be a minimum of 1 in.
(25.4 mm) and a maximum of 12 in. (305 mm) throughout the area of
coverage of the sprinkler.
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 Net work
Sprinkler distribution.
Distance between sprinkler.
8.7.3.3.1 Sprinklers shall be located a minimum of 4 in. (102
mm) from an end wall.
8.7.3.3.2 The distance from the wall to the sprinkler shall
be measured perpendicular to the wall.
8.6.3.2.3* The requirements of 8.6.3.2.1 shall not apply where
walls are angled or irregular, and the maximum horizontal
distance between a sprinkler and any point of floor area protected
by that sprinkler shall not exceed 0.75 times the allowable
distance permitted between sprinklers, provided the maximum
perpendicular distance is not exceeded

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 Net work
Sprinkler distribution.
Distance between sprinkler.
Vertical change in ceiling
If X < 36 “ consider ceiling flat
If X > 36 “ two ceiling

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 Net work
Sprinkler distribution.
8.15.1 Concealed Spaces
8.15.1.2.2.1 The space shall be considered a concealed space
even with small openings such as those used as return air for
a plenum
8.15.1.1 Concealed Spaces Requiring Sprinkler Protection.
Concealed spaces of exposed combustible construction shall be
protected by sprinklers except in concealed spaces where
sprinklers are not required to be installed by 8.15.1.2.1 through
8.15.1.2.18 and 8.15.6

Minimum height of concealed that permitted to be protect is 36”

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 Net work
Sprinkler distribution.
Side wall sprinkler.

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 Net work
Sprinkler distribution.
Side wall sprinkler.
8.7.3.1.5 Where sidewall spray sprinklers are installed on two opposite
walls or sides of bays, the maximum width of the room or bay shall be
permitted to be up to 24 ft (7.32 m) for light hazard occupancy or 20 ft
(6.1 m) for ordinary hazard occupancy, with spacing as required by
Table 8.7.2.2.1.
Distance from wall and ceiling.
8.7.4.1.2.2 Horizontal sidewall sprinkler deflectors shall be located no more than 6 in.
(152 mm), and shall be permitted to be located with their deflectors less than 4 in.
(102 mm), from the wall on which they are mounted.
8.7.4.1.1.1 Unless the requirements of 8.7.4.1.1.2 are met, sidewall sprinkler deflectors
shall be located not more than6 in. (152 mm) or less than 4 in. (102 mm) from ceilings.

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 Net work
Sprinkler distribution.
Max number of sprinkler in the same branch.
st
1 what is the branch?
Pipe that deliver water from riser nipple to sprinkler.
3.5.8 Riser Nipple. Vertical piece of pipe between the main
and branch line
8.15.20.4.1 When pipe schedule
systems are revamped, a nipple
not exceeding 4 in. (100 mm) in
length shall be permitted to be
installed in the branch line fitting.

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 Net work
Sprinkler distribution.
Max number of sprinkler in the same branch.
23.5.2.1 Branch Lines.
23.5.2.1.1 Unless permitted by 23.5.2.1.2 or 23.5.2.1.3, branch lines
shall not exceed eight sprinklers on either side of a cross main.
23.5.2.1.2 Where more than eight sprinklers on a branch line are
necessary, lines shall be permitted to be increased to nine sprinklers
by making the two end lengths 1 in. (25.4 mm) and
11Ú4 in. (33 mm), respectively, and the sizes thereafter standard.
23.5.2.1.3 Ten sprinklers shall be permitted to be placed on a
branch line, making the two end lengths 1 in. (25.4 mm) and 11Ú4 in.
(33 mm), respectively, and feeding the tenth sprinkler by a 21Ú2 in.
(64 mm) pipe

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 Net work
Pipe sizing

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 Net work
Fire department connection.

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 Sprinkler system Net work
Fire department connection.
6.8.1* Unless the requirements of 6.8.1.1, 6.8.1.2, or 6.8.1.3 are met, the
fire department connection(s) shall consist of two 21Ú2 in. (65 mm)
connections using NH internal threaded swivel fitting(s) with “2.5–7.5 NH
standard thread,” as specified in NFPA 1963.
6.8.1.3 A single-outlet fire department connection shall be acceptable where
piped to a 3 in. (80 mm) or smaller riser.
A.8.17.2.3 The purpose of a fire department connection is to supplement the
pressure to an automatic fire sprinkler system. It is not the intent to size the
fire department connection piping based on system demand. For multiple
system risers supplied
by a manifold, the fire department connection need not be larger than that for
an individual system
8.17.2.2 The following systems shall not require a fire department
connection:
(1) Large-capacity deluge systems exceeding the pumping capacity of
the fire department
(2) Single-story buildings not exceeding 2000 ft2 (186 m2) in area.
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 Net work
Fire department connection.
Arrangement of valve with department connection.
8.17.2.4.1* The fire department
connection shall be on the system side
of the water supply check valve.
8.17.2.4.1.1 The fire department connection
shall not be attached to branch line piping.
8.17.2.4.8 Fire department connections
shall not be connected on the suction side
of fire pumps.

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 Net work
Hydraulic calculation
11.2.3 Water Demand Requirements—Hydraulic
Calculation Methods.
11.2.3.1 General.
11.2.3.1.1 The water demand for sprinklers shall be determined
only from one of the following, at the discretion of the designer:
(1) Density/area curves in accordance with the density/area method.
(2) The room that creates the greatest demand in accordance with the room
design method.
23.4.4.10.1 Minimum operating pressure of any sprinkler shall be 7 psi (0.5 bar).
23.4.4.11 Maximum Operating Pressure. the maximum operating pressure
of any sprinkler shall be 175 psi (12.1 bar).
23.4.2.4.1 Pressures at hydraulic junction points shall balance within 0.5 psi
(0.03 bar).

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 Net work
Hydraulic calculation
procedure 1- classify hazard
2- draw network
3- pipe sizing
4- select area of operation
5- calculate the number of sprinkler that run in the same time
6-select density from area / density curve .
7-culculate flow rate for the first sprinkler from
density = density x area per sprinkler
8- calculate the pressure of first sprinkler from
1/2
equation Q= k (P)
9-culculte pressure drop In the pipe from Hazen–Williams equation

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 Net work
Hydraulic calculation procedure
Area / density curve

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 Net work
Hydraulic calculation procedure
Area / density curve
11.2.3.1.4 Restrictions. When either the density/area method or room
design method is used, the following shall apply:
(1)*For areas of sprinkler operation less than 1500 ft2 (139 m2) used for light
and ordinary hazard occupancies, the density for 1500 ft2 (139 m2) shall be
used.
(2) For areas of sprinkler operation less than 2500 ft2 (232 m2) for extra
hazard occupancies, the density for 2500 ft2 (232 m2) shall be used.
(3)*Unless the requirements of 11.2.3.1.4(4) are met for buildings having un
sprinklered combustible concealed spaces, as described in 8.15.1.2 and 8.15.6,
the minimum area of sprinkler operation for that portion of the building shall
be 3000 ft2 (279 m2). The design area of 3000 ft2 (279 m2) shall be applied
only to the sprinkler system or portions of the sprinkler system that are
adjacent to the qualifying combustible concealed space. The termadjacent
shall apply to any sprinkler system protecting a space above, below, or next to
the qualifying concealed space except where a barrier with a fire resistance
rating at least equivalent to the water supply duration completely separates
the concealed space from the sprinklered area

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 Net work
friction loss coefficient

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 Net work
Equivalent length

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Hose flow rate
11.1.6.3 Where inside hose connections are planned or are required, the
following shall apply:
(1) A total water allowance of 50 gpm (189 L/min) for a single hose connection
installation shall be added to the sprinkler requirements.
(2) A total water allowance of 100 gpm (379 L/min) for a multiple hose connection
installation shall be added to the sprinkler requirements.
8.17.5.2 Hose Connections for Fire Department Use.
8.17.5.2.2* The following restrictions shall apply:
(1) Each connection from a standpipe that is part of a combined system to a
sprinkler system shall have an individual control valve and check valve of the same
size as the connection.
(2) The minimum size of the riser shall be 4 in. (102 mm) unless hydraulic
calculations indicate that a smaller size riser will satisfy sprinkler and hose stream
allowances.
(3) Each combined sprinkler and standpipe riser shall be equipped with a riser
control valve to permit isolating a riser without interrupting the supply to other risers
from the same source of supply.

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Hydraulic calculation
11.1.6.4* When hose valves for fire department use are attached
to wet pipe sprinkler system risers in accordance with 8.17.5.2, the
following shall apply:
1- The sprinkler system demand shall not be required to be added
to standpipe demand as determined from NFPA 14.
A.11.1.6.4 For fully sprinklered buildings, if hose valves or stations
are provided on a combination sprinkler riser and standpipe for fire
department use in accordance with NFPA 14, the hydraulic
calculation for the sprinkler system is not required to include the
standpipe allowance.
(2) Where the combined sprinkler system demand and hose stream
allowance of Table 11.2.3.1.2 exceeds the requirements of NFPA
14, this higher demand shall be used.
(3) For partially sprinklered buildings, the sprinkler demand, not
including hose stream allowance, as indicated in Figure 11.2.3.1.1
shall be added to the requirements given in NFPA 14.
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Hydraulic calculation hose flow rate

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Example

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Example

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Example :

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Example :

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Example :

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Example :

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Example :

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Example :

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Example :

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Standpipe system NFPA 14

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Definitions :
3.3.6 High-Rise BuildingStandp.Abuildingpewheresystemthefloorofan occupiable story
is greater than 75 ft (23 m) above the lowest level of fire department vehicle
access.
3.3.14 Standpipe. The system piping that delivers the water supply for
hose connections, and for sprinklers on combined systems, vertically from
floor to floor.
3.3.14.1 Horizontal Standpipe. The horizontal portion of the system
piping that delivers the water supply for two or more hose connections, and for
sprinklers on combined systems, on a single level.
3.3.15.1 Automatic Dry Standpipe System. A standpipe system
permanently attached to a water supply capable of supplying the system
demand at all times, containing air or nitrogen under pressure, the release of
which (as from opening a hose valve) opens a dry pipe valve to allow water to
flow into the piping system and out of the opened hose valve.
3.3.15.2 Automatic Wet Standpipe System. A standpipe system
containing water at all times that is attached to a water supply capable of
supplying the system demand at all times and that requires no action other
than opening a hose valve to provide water at hose connections.

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 Standpipe system
Definitions :
3.3.15.3 Combined System. A standpipe system that supplies both
hose connections and automatic sprinklers.
3.3.17* System Classes.
3.3.17.1 Class I System. A system that provides 21Ú2 in. (65 mm)
hose connections to supply water for use by fire departments.
3.3.17.2 Class II System. A system that provides 11Ú2 in. (40 mm)
hose stations to supply water for use primarily by trained personnel or by
the fire department during initial response.
3.3.17.3 Class III System. A system that provides 11Ú2 in. (40 mm)
hose stations to supply water for use by trained personnel and 21Ú2 in. (65
mm) hose connections to supply a larger volume of water for use by fire
departments.
3.3.19 Travel Distance. The length measured on the floor or other
walking surface along the centerline of the natural path of travel, starting from
the hose outlet, curving around any corners or obstructions with a 12 in. (300
mm) clearance.
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 Standpipe system
4.2 Pipe and Tube.

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 Standpipe system
4.2 Pipe and Tube.
4.2.3 Where steel pipe specified in Table 4.2.1 is used and joined by welding
as specified in Section 4.4 or by roll-grooved pipe and fittings as specified in
Section 4.4, the minimum nominal wall thickness for pressures up to 300 psi
(20.7 bar) shall be in accordance with Schedule 10 for pipe sizes up to 5 in.
(127 mm), 0.134 in. (3.40 mm) for 6 in. (150 mm) pipe, and 0.188 in. (4.78 mm)
for 8 in. and 10 in. (203 mm and 254 mm) pipe.
4.2.4 Where steel pipe specified in Table 4.2.1 is joined by threaded fittings as
specified in Section 4.4 or by fittings used with pipe having cut grooves, the
minimum wall thickness shall be in accordance with Schedule 30 [sizes 8 in.
(203 mm) and larger] or Schedule 40 [sizes less than 8 in. (203 mm)] pipe for
pressures up to 300 psi (20.7 bar).
4.2.5 Copper tube as specified in the standards referenced in Table 4.2.1 shall
have a wall thickness of Type K, L, or M where used in standpipe systems

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 Standpipe system
4.2 Pipe and Tube.
4.2.7 Bending of Pipe and Tube.
4.2.7.1 Bending of Schedule 40 steel pipe and Types K and L copper tube
shall be permitted where bends are made with no kinks, ripples, distortions,
reductions in diameter, or any noticeable deviations from a round shape.
4.2.7.2 The minimum radius of a bend shall be six pipe diameters for pipe sizes
2 in. (50 mm) and smaller, and five pipe diameters for pipe sizes 21Ú2 in. (65
mm) and larger.
4.3.4 Screwed unions shall not be used on pipe larger than 2 in. (50 mm).
4.4.1.2* Steel pipe with wall thicknesses less than Schedule 30 [in sizes 8 in.
(200 mm) and larger] or Schedule 40 [in sizes less than 8 in. (200 mm)] shall
only be permitted to be joined by threaded fittings where the threaded
assembly is investigated for suitability in automatic sprinkler installations and
listed for this service.

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 Standpipe system
Standpipe system :
Five types:
1- automatic wet.
2- automatic dry.
3- semiautomatic.
4- manual wet .
5- manual dry.

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1-Automatic-Wet standpipe, filled with water at all times, is connected to a
permanent water supply that is capable of meeting flow and pressure
requirements.
2-Automatic-Dry standpipe, filled with pressurized air, is connected to a
permanent water supply that is capable of meeting flow and pressure
requirements. It uses a device, such as a dry pipe valve, to admit water into the
system piping automatically upon the opening of a hose valve. 5.2.1 page 16
3-Semi-automatic-Dry standpipe, with empty pipe, is connected to a permanent
water supply that is capable of meeting flow and pressure requirements. It uses a
device, such as a deluge valve, to admit water into the system piping upon
activation of a remote control device located at a hose connection. A remote
control activation device shall be provided at each hose connection.
4- Manual-Wet standpipe, filled with water at all times, is connected to a
water supply that is not capable of meeting flow and pressure requirements.
The purpose of the water supply is to maintain water within the system, thus
reducing the time it takes to get water to the hose station outlets. Manual-wet
standpipe systems need water from a fire department pumper (or the like) to
be pumped into the system in order to meet flow and pressure requirements.

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 Standpipe system
4.6.2 Hose.
4.6.2.1* Each hose connection provided for use by trained personnel (Class II
and Class III systems) shall be equipped with not more than 100 ft (30.5 m) of
listed, 11Ú2 in. (40 mm), lined, collapsible or non collapsible fire hose attached
and ready for use.

4.7.5* Hose connections shall be located so that there is at least 3 in. (76.2 mm)
clearance between any adjacent object and the handle of the valve when the
valve is in any position ranging from fully open to fully closed.

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 Standpipe system
4.8 Fire Department Connections.
4.8.1 Fire department connections shall be listed for a working pressure equal
to or greater than the pressure requirement of the system demand.

4.8.2 Each fire department connection shall have at least two 21Ú2 in. (65 mm)
internal threaded swivel fittings having NHS
threads

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 Standpipe system
4.8 Fire Department Connections.
6.4.1 shutoff valves shall not be installed between the fire department
connection and the system.
6.4.2 A listed check valve shall be installed in each fire department connection,
including the connection in manual-dry systems, and located as near as
practicable to the point where it joins the system.
6.4.3 The fire department connection shall be installed as follows:
(1) Automatic Wet and Manual Wet Standpipe Systems. On the system side of
the system control valve, check valve, or any pump, but on the supply side
of any isolating valves
(2) Automatic Dry Standpipe Systems. On the system side of the control valve
and check valve and the supply side of the dry pipe valve
(3) Semiautomatic Dry Standpipe Systems. On the system side of the deluge
valve
(4) Manual Dry Standpipe Systems. Directly connected to system piping with a
check valve in the piping.

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 Standpipe system
4.8 Fire Department Connections.
7.12.1 One or more fire department connections shall be provided for each
zone of each Class I or Class III standpipe system.
7.12.1.1 The high zone fire department connection(s) shall not be required to
be provided where 7.9.3 applies.
7.12.2 High-rise buildings shall have at least two remotely located fire
department connections for each zone.
7.12.2.1 A single connection for each zone shall be permitted where
acceptable to the fire department.
7.12.3 Fire department connection sizes shall be based on the standpipe
system demand and shall include one 21Ú2 in. (65 mm) inlet per every 250 gpm
(946 L/min)

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 Standpipe system
Design.
7.1* General. The design of the standpipe system is governed by
1- building height.
2- area per floor occupancy classification,
3- egress system design,
4- required flow rate and residual pressure, and
5- the distance of the hose connection from the source(s) of the water supply

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 Standpipe system
Design.
7.2* Pressure Limitation.
7.2.1 The maximum pressure at any point in the system at any time shall not
exceed 350 psi (24 bar).
7.2.3* Maximum Pressure at Hose Connections.
7.2.3.1 Where the residual pressure at a 11Ú2 in. (40 mm) outlet on a hose
connection available for trained personnel use exceeds 100 psi (6.9 bar), an
approved pressure-regulating device shall be provided to limit the residual
pressure at the flow required by Section 7.10 to 100 psi (6.9 bar).
7.2.3.1.1 Paragraph 7.2.3.1 shall not apply to the 11Ú2 in. (40 mm) outlet on a
21Ú2 in. × 11Ú2 in. (65mm× 40 mm) reducer as allowed by 5.3.3.2 and 7.3.4.1.
7.2.3.2* Where the static pressure at a 21Ú2 in. (65 mm) hose connection
exceeds 175 psi (12.1 bar), an approved pressure regulating device shall
be provided to limit static and residual pressures at the outlet of the hose
connection to 175 psi (12.1 bar).
7.2.3.3 The pressure on the inlet side of the pressure regulating device shall
not exceed the rated working pressure of the device.
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 Standpipe system
Design.
Residual pressure:
7.8.1a minimum residual pressure of 100 psi (6.9 bar) at the outlet of the
hydraulically most remote 21Ú2 in. (65 mm) hose connection and 65 psi (4.5
bar) at the outlet of the hydraulically most remote 11Ú2 in. (40 mm) hose
station..

7.8.1.2* Manual standpipe systems shall be designed to provide 100 psi (6.9
bar) at the topmost outlet with the calculations terminating at the fire
department connection

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7.3 Locations of Hose Connections
7.3.2* Class I Systems. Class I systems shall be provided with 21Ú2 in. (65 mm)
hose connections in the following locations:
(1) At the main floor landing in exit stairways
(2) On each side of the wall adjacent to the exit openings of horizontal exits(3)
In other than covered mall buildings, in each exit passageway at the entrance
from the building areas into the passageway
(4) In covered mall buildings, at the entrance to each exit passageway or exit
corridor, and at the interior side of public entrances from the exterior to the
mall
(5)*At the highest landing of stairways with stairway access to a roof, or on
roofs with a slope of less than 4 in 12 where stairways do not access the
roof.7.3.2.3* Hose connections on one side of a horizontal exit shall not be
required where another outlet on that side of the horizontal exit can reach the
portions of the building on the other side of the horizontal exit within the
distances required by 7.3.2.3.1 that would have been protected by the outlet
that was omitted.
7.3.1.1 Hose connections and hose stations shall be unobstructed and shall
be located not less than 3 ft (0.9 m) or more than 5 ft (1.5 m) above the floor
 Standpipe system
Design.
Travel distance
7.3.2.2* Where the most remote portion of a non sprinklered floor or story is
located in excess of 150 ft (45.7 m) of travel distance from a hose connection
in or adjacent to a required exit or the most remote portion of a sprinklered
floor or story is located in excess of 200 ft (61 m) of travel distance from a
hose connection in or adjacent to a required exit, additional hose connections
shall be provided.
7.3.2.3.1 This travel distance shall be 200 ft (61 m) for sprinklered buildings
and 130 ft (39.7 m) for non sprinklered buildings.
7.3.3* Class II Systems.
7.3.3.1 Class II systems shall be provided with 11Ú2 in. (40 mm) hose stations
so that all portions of each floor level of the building are within 130 ft (39.7 m)
of a hose connection provided with 11Ú2 in. (40 mm) hose or within 120 ft (36.6
m) of a
hose connection provided with less than 11Ú2 in. (40 mm) hose.

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 Standpipe system
Design.
7.4 Number of Standpipes. Separate standpipes shall be provided in
each required exit stairway.

7.6 Minimum Sizes for Standpipes and Branch Lines.

7.6.1 Class I and Class III standpipes shall be at least 4 in. (100 mm) in size.
7.6.2 Standpipes that are part of a combined system shall be at least 6 in. (150
mm) in size.

7.6.3 Where the building is protected throughout by an approved automatic

sprinkler system the minimum standpipe size shall be 4 in. (100 mm) for
systems hydraulically designed
7.6.4 Branch lines shall be sized based on the hydraulic criteria but not less
than 21Ú2 in. (65 mm).

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 Standpipe system
Design.
Standpipe zone: ex page 39 nfpa 14 , 2013
A.7.9 Standpipe system zones are intended to limit system design pressures to
not more than 350 psi (24 bar) .
7.9.1.2 Pumps that are arranged in series shall be permitted to be, but are not
required to be, located on the same level. FM doesn't permit series
arrangement as FMDS404N

7.9.3* For systems with two or more zones in which any portion of the higher
zones cannot be supplied by means of fire department pumpers through a fire
department connection, an auxiliary means of supply in the form of high-level
water storage with additional pumping equipment
A.7.9.3 An auxiliary means can also be in the form of pumping through the fire
department connection in series with the low- or mid-zone fire pump

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 Standpipe system
Design.
7.10 Flow Rates.
7.10.1 Class I and Class III Systems.
A.7.10.1.1 If a water supply system supplies more than one building or more
than one fire area, the total supply can be calculated based on the single
building or fire area requiring the greatest number of standpipes.
7.10.1.1.1 For Class I and Class III systems, the minimum flow rate for the
hydraulically most remote standpipe shall be 500 gpm (1893 L/min), through
the two most remote 21Ú2 in. (65 mm) outlets.
7.10.1.1.2* Where a horizontal standpipe on a Class I or Class III system
supplies three or more hose connections on any floor, the minimum flow rate
for the hydraulically
most demanding horizontal standpipe shall be 750 gpm (2840 L/min)

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 Standpipe system
Design.
7.10 Flow Rates.
7.10.1 Class I and Class III Systems.
7.10.1.1.3 The minimum flow rate for additional standpipes shall be 250 gpm
(946 L/min) per standpipe for buildings with floor areas that do not exceed 80,
000 ft2 (7432 m2) per floor. For buildings that exceed 80,000 ft2 (7432m2) per
floor, the minimum flow rate for the additional standpipes shall be 500 gpm
(1893 L/min) for the second standpipe and 250 gpm (946 L/min) for the third
standpipe if the additional flow is
required for an un sprinklered building.
7.10.1.1.5 The maximum flow rate shall be 1000 gpm (3785 L/min) for
buildings that are sprinklered throughout, in accordance with NFPA 13,
tandard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems , and 1250 gpm (4731 L/min)
for buildings that are not sprinklered throughout, in accordance with NFPA 13.

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 Standpipe system
Design.
7.10 Flow Rates.
7.10.2 Class II Systems.
7.10.2.1 Minimum Flow Rate.
7.10.2.1.1 For Class II systems, the minimum flow rate for the hydraulically
most remote hose connection shall be 100 gpm (379 L/min).
7.10.2.1.2 Additional flow shall not be required where more than one hose
connection is provided.

ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

Design.
Hydraulic calculation:
7.10.1.2.1 Hydraulic calculations and pipe sizes for each standpipe shall be based
on providing 250 gpm (946 L/min) at the two hydraulically most remote hose
connections on the standpipe and at the topmost outlet of each of the other
standpipes at the minimum residual pressure required by Section 7.8.
7.10.1.2.1.1* Where a standpipe system has risers that terminate at different floor
levels, separate hydraulic calculations shall be performed for the standpipes that
exist on each level. In each case, flow shall be added only for standpipes that exist
on the floor level of the calculations.
7.10.1.2.2 Where a horizontal standpipe on a Class I and Class III system supplies
three or more hose connections on any floor, hydraulic calculations and pipe sizes
for each standpipe shall be based on providing 250 gpm (946 L/min) at the three
hydraulically most remote hose connections on the standpipe and at the topmost
outlet of each of the other standpipes at the minimum residual pressure required by
Section 7.8.
7.10.1.2.3* Common supply piping shall be calculated and sized to provide the
required flow rate for all standpipes connected to such supply piping, with the total
not to exceed the maximum flow demand in 7.10.1.1.5.
7.10.1.2.4 Flows from additional standpipes as required by 7.10.1.1 shall not be
required to be balanced to the higher pressure at the point of connection
Design. Standpipe system
Hydraulic calculation: class II
7.10.2.2.1 Hydraulic calculations and pipe sizes for each standpipe shall be
based on providing 100 gpm (379 L/min) at the hydraulically most remote hose
connection on the standpipe at the minimum residual pressure 4.5 bar

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Design. Standpipe system
Hydraulic calculation:
7.10.1.3 Combined Systems
7.10.1.3.1.1 In a building protected in accordance with NFPA 13, Standard for
he Installation of Sprinkler Systems , or NFPA13R,Standard for the Installation
f Sprinkler Systems in Low- Rise Residential Occupancies , the water supply for
the combined sprinkler and automatic standpipe system shall be based on the
sprinkler system demand (including any hose stream demand) or the
standpipe demand, whichever is greater.
7.10.1.3.1.2 A separate sprinkler demand shall not be required.
7.10.1.3.2 For a combined system in a building equipped with partial automatic
sprinkler protection, the flow rate required by 7.10.1 shall be increased by an
amount equal to the hydraulically calculated sprinkler demand or 150 gpm (568
L/min) for light
hazard occupancies, or by 500 gpm (1893 L/min) for ordinary hazard
occupancies, whichever is less.

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Design. Standpipe system
9.2 Minimum Supply for Class I and Class III Systems. The water supply
shall be capable of providing the system demand established by Sections
7.8 and 7.10 for at least 30 minutes.
9.3 Minimum Supply for Class II Systems. The minimum supply for
Class II systems shall be capable of providing the system demand
established by Sections 7.8 and 7.10 for at least 30 minutes

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 Standpipe system
Drain and the test
7.11.2 Drains. All standpipe systems shall be equipped with drain connections.
7.11.2.1 A main drain shall be provided on the standpipe system side of the
system control valve
7.11.2.4 The main drain connection shall be provided at a location that permits
the valve to be opened wide without causing water damage.

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Design.
Standpipe system
Example :

ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

Design. Standpipe system
Example :
A.7.10.1.2.1.1 For example, consider the standpipe system shown in Figure
A.7.10.1.2.1.1 with two risers that terminate at the 15th floor and two risers that
terminate at the 10th floor of this fully sprinklered high-rise building. In this
case, two separate hydraulic calculations need to be performed. The first
would verify that the system can deliver 100 psi (6.9 bar) to the top of the
risers on the 15th floor with a total of 750 gpm (2840 L/min) flowing [250 gpm
(946 L/min) each at points A, B, and C]. The second would need to prove that
the system can deliver 100 psi (6.9 bar) to the 10th floor with a total of 1000
gpm (3785 L/min) flowing [250 gpm (946 L/min) each
at points D, E, F, and G]. Note that since the building is sprinklered, there is
no flow required from the fourth riser in this second calculation.

ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

. Fire pump

ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

 Fire pump
Type of fire pump.
1-Horizontal Split-Case Pump
2-Vertical Line shaft Turbine Pump.
3- In-Line Pump.
4-End Suction Pump

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 Fire pump
Source of water.
4.6.2.1 Any source of water that is adequate in quality, quantity,
and pressure shall be permitted to provide the supply for a fire pump.
4.6.2.2 Where the water supply from a public service main is
not adequate in quality, quantity, or pressure, an alternative
water source shall be provided.
4.6.4.1 A stored supply plus reliable automatic refill shall be
sufficient to meet the demand placed upon it for the design
duration.

ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

 Fire pump
Centrifugal Pumps.
6.1.1.1 Centrifugal pumps shall be of the overhung impeller
design and the impeller between bearings design.
6.1.1.3 The impeller between bearings design shall be
separately coupled single-stage or multistage axial (horizontal)
split-case-type
6.1.2* Application. Centrifugal pumps shall not be used where a
static suction lift is required.
A.6.1.2 The centrifugal pump is particularly suited to boost the
pressure from a public or private supply or to pump from a storage
tank where there is a positive static head.

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 Fire pump
Types of Centrifugal Pumps.

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 Fire pump
Types of Centrifugal Pumps. Page 74 NFPA 20
edition 2013
1-end suction
2- inline
3- horizontal spilt case.
4- vertical spilt case.

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 Fire pump
Characteristic of Centrifugal Pumps.
6.2.1 Pumps shall furnish not less than 150 percent of rated capacity
at not less than 65 percent of total rated head
6.2.2 The shutoff head shall not exceed 140 percent of rated head for
any type pump.

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 Fire pump
Centrifugal Pumps.
6.3 Fittings.
6.3.1* Where necessary, the following fittings for the pump shall be
provided by the pump manufacturer or an authorized representative:
(1) Automatic air release valve
(2) Circulation relief valve
(3) Pressure gauges
6.3.2 Where necessary, the following fittings shall be provided:
(1) Eccentric tapered reducer at suction inlet
(2) Hose valve manifold with hose valves
(3) Flow measuring device
(4) Relief valve and discharge cone
(5) Pipeline strainer

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 Fire pump
Centrifugal Pumps.
6.3 Fittings. Hose valve manifold with hose valves & flow meter

ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

 Fire pump
Centrifugal Pumps.
6.3 Fittings. Air release valve 6.3.3

ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

 Fire pump
Centrifugal Pumps.
6.3 Fittings. Relief valve with cone.

ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

 Fire pump
Centrifugal Pumps.
Connection between drive and pump by coupling.
6.5.1.1 Separately coupled–type pumps with electric motor
drivers shall be connected by a flexible coupling or flexible
connecting shaft.
2.4.5 Mechanical Seals FM FMDS0307
2.4.5.1 Only use pumps that have been specifically FM Approved for use
with mechanical shaft seals.
2.4.5.2 Only use pumps equipped with mechanical seals in systems that meet
the following criteria:
1) The suction source water is clean. Do not use pumps with mechanical seals
in systems where any water source is an open body of water (e.g., retention
pond, lake, or river).
2) The suction pressure is positive under all conditions of pump flow.
3) A spare split mechanical seal set is maintained on site.
4) Weekly testing of the pump is conducted.
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE
 Fire pump
Centrifugal Pumps. Performance curve.

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 Fire pump
Centrifugal Pumps. Performance curve.

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 Fire pump
Centrifugal Pumps. Suction line.
1- vortex plate.
4.14.10* Anti-Vortex Plate. Where a tank
is used as the suction source for a fire
pump, the discharge outlet of the tank
Shall be equipped with an assembly
that controls vortex flow in accordance
with NFPA 22.

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 Fire pump
Centrifugal Pumps. Suction line.
4.14.8* Suction Screening.
4.14.8.1 Where the water supply is obtained from an open source such as a
pond or wet pit, the passage of materials that might clog the pump shall be
obstructed.
4.14.8.4 Below minimum water level, these screens shall have an effective net
area of opening of 1 in.2 for each 1 gpm (170 mm2 for each 1 L/min) at 150
percent of rated
pump capacity.
4.14.8.6 Mesh screens shall be brass, copper, Monel, stainless steel, or
other equivalent corrosion-resistant metallic material wire screen of 0.50 in.
(12.7 mm) maximum mesh and No. 10 B&S gauge.
4.14.8.11 Screens shall have at least 62.5 percent open area

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 Fire pump
Centrifugal Pumps. Suction line.
2- OS&Y Gate Valve – 4.14.5.1
The OS&Y gate valve in the suction piping of a fire pump serves two
purposes. As liquid flows into a fire pump, it needs to be as free of turbulence
as possible, to avoid introducing air pockets into the impeller and to avoid
imbalanced loads on the impeller. When a gate valve is in the fully open
position, the clapper is retracted into the body of the valve, leaving the liquid
passageway clear of any obstruction and effectively enabling laminar flow.
The OS&Y Valve also provides a way to isolate the fire pump from the liquid
supply so a repair(s) can be made to the fire pump.

ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

2. Eccentric Reducer (Pump Suction) – 4.14.6.4
An eccentric reducer is used on the suction side of a fire pump assembly to
reduce the
likelihood of air pockets entering the pump impeller. In most pump
installations, the suction pipe is larger than the pump suction opening; an
eccentric reducer installed with the flat side on the top is used to reduce the
suction size pipe to match the pump suction opening. If the suction pipe is the
same as the pump suction opening, a reducer is not required.
3. Pressure Gauge – 4.10.1
When there is a possibility of a suction pressure below 20 psi, the suction
pressure gauge is required to be a compound gauge capable of registering
negative pressures.
This gauge provides the pump operator the ability to monitor the suction
pressure to assure that operating pressures comply with Section 4.14.3.1,
which — except when taking suction from a tank — does not permit the suction
pressure to drop below 0 psi while the pump is operating at 150 percent of its
rated capacity. If a fire pump starts to draw a negative suction pressure, there
is a possibility that both the fire pump and the suction piping could cavitate.

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Centrifugal Pumps. Discharge line.
1- check valve
2- os & y gate valve.
3-relief valve in diesel pump

4.15.6* A listed check valve or backflow preventer shall be installed in

the pump discharge assembly.
4.15.7* A listed indicating gate or butterfly valve shall be installed on
the fire protection system side of the pump discharge check valve.

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Centrifugal Pumps. Discharge line.
Diesel discharge relief valve
4.18.1.2 Where a diesel engine fire pump is installed and where a total of 121
percent of the net rated shutoff (churn) pressure plus the maximum static suction
pressure, adjusted for elevation, exceeds the pressure for which the system
components are rated, a pressure relief valve shall be installed. Ex stationary fire
pump , 2013 page 116
4.18.3 Location. The relief valve shall be located between the pump and the
pump discharge check valve and shall be so attached that it can be readily
removed for repairs without disturbing the piping.
A.4.18.1.1 In situations where the required system pressure is close to the
pressure rating of the system components and the water supply pressure varies
significantly over time, to eliminate system over pressurization, it might be
necessary to use one of the following:
(1) A tank between the water supply and the pump suction, in
lieu of directly connecting to the water supply piping
(2) A variable speed pressure limiting control device

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Centrifugal Pumps. Discharge line.
4.11 Circulation Relief Valve.
4.18.5.1 The relief valve shall discharge into an open pipe or into a cone
or funnel secured to the outlet of the valve.
4.18.5.2 Water discharge from the relief valve shall be readily visible or easily
detectable by the pump operator.
4.18.5.4 If a closed-type cone is used,
it shall be provided with means for
detecting motion of water through
the cone.

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4.11 Circulation Relief Valve.
Stationary fire pump ,2013 page 90
When a centrifugal fire pump is operating at churn, energy is continuously
imparted to the water in the impeller, causing the water to heat. For electrical
drive fire pumps and radiator cooled engine–driven fire pumps, a listed
circulation relief valve is needed to provide cooling water when the pump is
operating at churn. The pipe connection for this valve must be located on the
discharge side of the pump to cause flow through the pump casing and should
discharge outdoors or to a floor drain where discharge can be observed by the
pump operator.
This valve should be installed in the vertical position, because installation in the
horizontal position may cause the valve to fail at an accelerated rate due to
obstructing material collecting in the valve seat.
Failure or the omission of this valve can result in overheating and subsequent
damage to the fire pump.
Exhibit II.4.7 illustrates a ¾ in. (19 mm) circulation (casing) relief valve. Exhibit
II.4.8 illustrates a cooling line to a diesel engine installed downstream of the
pump, which eliminates the need for a circulation relief valve.

ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

Centrifugal Pumps. Discharge line.
4.11 Circulation Relief Valve.
4.11.1.6 The automatic relief valve shall have a nominal size of 0.75 in. (19 mm)
for pumps with a rated capacity not exceeding 2500 gpm (9462 L/min) and have
a nominal size of 1 in. (25 mm) for pumps with a rated capacity of 3000 gpm to
5000 gpm (11,355 L/min to 18,925 L/min.
4.11.1.2 The valve shall be installed on the discharge side of the pump before
the discharge check valve.
4.11.1.3 The valve shall provide flow of sufficient water to prevent the pump
from overheating when operating with no discharge.

ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

Centrifugal Pumps. Sizing of suction and discharge line.
4.14.3.1 Unless the requirements of 4.14.3.2 are met, the size of the suction
pipe for a single pump or of the suction header pipe for multiple pumps
(designed to operate together) shall be such that, with all pumps operating at
maximum flow (150 percent of rated capacity or the maximum flow available
from the water supply.
4.14.3.3 The size of that portion of the suction pipe located within 10 pipe
diameters upstream of the pump suction flange.
4.10.2.1.1 Where the minimum pump suction pressure is below 20 psi (1.3 bar)
under any flow condition. ***The size of the
suction pipe is based on limiting water velocity to
not more than 15 ft/sec (4.57 m/sec) to limit turbulent flow in the pipe. Turbulent
flow generates air bubbles in the water, which adversely affect pump efficiency.

Fire stationary pump 2013 page 98

ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

Centrifugal Pumps. Sizing of suction and discharge line.
A.4.15.5 The discharge pipe size should be such that, with the
pump(s) operating at 150 percent of rated capacity, the velocity in the
discharge pipe does not exceed 20 ft/sec (6.1 m/sec).
4.15.5* The size of pump discharge pipe and fittings shall not be
less than that given in Section 4.26.

ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

Centrifugal Pumps. Sizing of suction and discharge line.

ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

Centrifugal Pumps.
4.20 Water Flow Test Devices.
A.4.20.1.1 The two objectives of running a pump test are to make
sure that the pump itself is still functioning properly and to make
sure that the water supply can still deliver the correct amount of
water to the pump at the correct pressure. Some arrangements of
test equipment do not permit the water supply to be tested.

ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

Centrifugal Pumps.
4.20 Water Flow Test Devices.
4.20.1.4* Where a test header is installed, it shall be installed on an
exterior wall or in another location outside the pump room that allows for
water discharge during testing.
A.4.20.1.4 The hose valves of the fire pump test header should
be located on the building exterior. This is because the test
discharge needs to be directed to a safe outdoor location, and to
protect the fire pumps, controllers, and so forth, from accidental
water spray.
In instances where damage from theft or vandalism is a concern,
the test header hose valves can be located within the building but
outside of the fire pump room.

ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

Centrifugal Pumps.
4.20 Water Flow Test Devices.
A.4.20.1.2 Outlets can be provided through the use of standard test headers,
yard hydrants, wall hydrants, or standpipe hose valves.
The following notes apply to Figure A.4.20.1.2(a) and Figure A.4.20.1.2(b):
(4) The fire protection system should have outlets available to test the fire pump
and suction supply piping(See. A.4.20.3.1.)
(5) The closed loop meter arrangement will test only net pump performance. It does
not test the condition of the suction supply, valves, piping.
(6) Return piping should be arranged so that no air can be trapped that would
eventually end up in the eye of the pump impeller.
(7) Turbulence in the water entering the pump should be avoided to eliminate
cavitation, which would reduce pump discharge and damage the pump impeller. For
this reason, side connection is not recommended.
(10) Pressure sensing lines also need to be installed in accordance with 10.5.2.1

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Centrifugal Pumps.
4.20.2 Meters and Testing Devices.
4.20.2.2 Metering devices or fixed nozzles shall be capable of water flow
of not less than 175 percent of rated pump capacity -- table 26.a

4.20.2.5 For non hydraulically sized piping, the minimum size meter for
a given pump capacity shall be permitted to be used where the meter
system piping does not exceed 100 ft (30.5 m) equivalent length.
4.20.2.6 For non hydraulically sized piping, where meter system piping
exceeds 100 ft (30.5 m), including length of straight pipe plus equivalent
length in fittings, elevation, and loss through meter, the next larger size
of piping shall be used to minimize friction loss.

ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

Centrifugal Pumps.
4.20.3 Hose Valves.
A.4.20.3.1 The hose valves should be attached to a header or manifold and
connected by suitable piping to the pump discharge piping. The connection
point should be between the discharge check valve and the discharge gate
valve. Hose valves should be located to avoid any possible water damage
to the pump driver or controller
4.20.3.1.2 The number and size of hose valves used for pump
testing shall be as specified in Section 4.26.
4.20.3.3.1 A listed indicating butterfly or gate valve shall be located in the
pipeline to the hose valve header
(1) Where the pipe between the hose valve header and the connection to
the pump discharge pipe is over 15 ft (4.5 m) in length, the next larger pipe
size than that requir ed by 4.20.3.1.3 shall be used.

ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

Centrifugal Pumps.
4.25* Pressure Maintenance (Jockey or Make-Up) Pumps.
4.25.1.1* The pressure maintenance pump shall be sized to replenish the fire
protection system pressure due to allowable leakage and normal drops in
pressure.
***For situations where the pressure maintenance pump serves only
aboveground piping for fire sprinkler and standpipe systems, the pressure
maintenance pump should be sized to provide a flow less than a single fire
sprinkler.
The main fire pump should start and run (providing a pump running signal) for
any water flow situation where a sprinkler has opened, which will not happen if
the pressure maintenance pump is too large. One guideline that has been
successfully used to size pressure maintenance pumps is to select a pump that
will make up the allowable leakage rate in 10 minutes or 1 gpm (3.8 L/min)
, whichever is larger
4.25.2 Pressure maintenance pumps shall have rated capacities not less than
any normal leakage rate.
4.25.3 Pressure maintenance pumps shall have discharge pressure sufficient
to maintain the desired fire protection system pressure.
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE
Centrifugal Pumps.
4.25* Pressure Maintenance (Jockey or Make-Up) Pumps.
RULE OF thumb : stationary fire pump , 2013 page 134
A general rule of thumb for sizing jockey pumps supplying underground piping
has been to use 1 percent of the fire pump rated capacity and add 10 psi (0.7
bar) to the pressure rating of the fire pump.
For example, a fire pump with a rated capacity of 1000 gpm at 100 psi (3785
L/min at 6.9 bar) should be provided with a jockey pump of 10 gpm at 110 psi
(37.8 L/min at 7.6 bar) rated capacity.
An exception to this general rule is when older underground systems leak
excessively. In such a case, the jockey pump capacity should be
increased further, based on the leakage rate of the underground system

ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

Centrifugal Pumps.
4.25* Pressure Maintenance (Jockey or Make-Up) Pumps.
4.25.5 Piping and Components for Pressure Maintenance Pumps.
4.25.5.3 An isolation valve shall be installed on the suction side of the
pressure maintenance pump to isolate the pump for repair.
4.25.5.4 A check valve and isolation valve shall be installed in the
discharge pipe.

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Centrifugal Pumps.
Sensing line . Page 73
4.30* Pressure Actuated Controller Pressure Sensing Lines
4.30.1 For all pump installations, including jockey pumps, each
controller shall have its own individual pressure sensing line.
4.30.2 The pressure sensing line connection for each pump,
including jockey pumps, shall be made between that pump’s
discharge check valve and discharge isolation valve.
4.30.3* The pressure sensing line shall be brass, rigid copper
pipe Types K, L, or M, or Series 300 stainless steel pipe or tube,
and the fittings shall be of 1Ú2 in. (15 mm) nominal size.

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Centrifugal Pumps.
Control.
10.5.2.5.3 If water requirements call for more than one pumping unit to operate, the
units shall start at intervals of 5 to 10 seconds.
Pump starting.
NFPA 14 , 2013 page 98 A.14.2.6 (4)
Jockey stop = churn + static
Jockey start less jockey stop by 10 psi
Fire pump start less jockey start 5 psi
Use 10 psi increment for any additional pump
FM FMDS0307 page 14 2.6.4.5
1. The jockey pump start point equals the pump pressure at churn (zero flow) plus the
maximum static pump suction pressure plus 5 psi. Jockey start = churn + sattic + 5
2. The jockey pump stop point is 10 psi (70 kPa) more than the jockey pump start point.
Jockey stop mor jockey start by 10 psi
3. The fire pump start point is 5-10 psi (35-70 kPa) less than the jockey pump start
point. Use 10 psi (70 kPa) decrements for each additional pump start.
Fire pump start 5- 10 psi less than jockey start

ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

Centrifugal Pumps.
Control.
Example pump have 1000 gpm 80 psi churn pressure 95 psi , suction static
pressure 60 psi

Churn + static = 155

NFPA FM
Jockey start 145 160
Jockey stop 155 170
st
1 fir pump start 135 155
nd
2 fire pump start 125 145

ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

Vent pipe

4.15.2 A vent pipe shall have a cross-sectional area equal to a

minimum of one -half the area of the discharge pipe(s) or fill
pipe, whichever is the larger
4.15.3 A corrosion-resistant screen or perforated plate with 9.5-
mm ( -in.) holes, to exclude birds or other animals, shall be
provided and have a net area at least equal to the vent line.
4.15.4 In the case of a screen, this requires a gross area at least
one and one- half times the cross-sectional area of the
discharge pipe(s) or fill pipe, whichever is larger.
4.15.7 The overflow pipe shall not be included as vent area.

ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

Filling
13.1.10.1 The tank shall be kept filled, and the water level shall never be more than
76 mm or 102 mm (3 in. or 4 in.) below the designated fire service level
13.1.11.3 A listed, closed-circuit, high-water and low-water level electric alarm shall be
permitted to be used in place of the gauge where acceptable to the authority
having jurisdiction.
13.4.6.1 Pipes for the automatic filling of suction tanks shall discharge into the
opposite half of the tanks from the pump suction pipe
Filling Pumps.
14.4.2 The means to fill the tank shall be sized to fill the tank in a maximum time of
8 hours
13.4.2.2 The filling pipe shall be of at least 50 mm (2 in.) and, except as noted in 13.4.3,
shall be connected directly into the tank discharge pipe, in which case a listed indicating
control valve and a check valve shall be placed in the filling pipe near the tank discharge
pipe, with the check valve located on the pump side of the listed indicating valve.

ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

Over flow
13.5.1 Size. The overflow pipe shall be of adequate capacity for the operating
conditions and shall be of not less than 75 mm (3 in.) throughout
13.5.2.1 The inlet of the overflow pipe shall be located at the top capacity line or
high waterline.
13.5.2.2 The inlet also shall be located at least 25 mm (1 in.) below the bottom of the
flat cover joints in a wood tank, but shall never be closer than 50 mm (2 in.) to the top
of the tank.
13.5.2.3 Unless the maximum fill capacity is known and the overflow capacity
is calculated
to be at least equal to the fill capacity, the overflow pipe shall be at least one pipe size
larger than the fill line and shall be equipped with an inlet such as a concentric reducer,
or equivalent, that is at least 50 mm (2 in.) larger in diameter.
13.5.2.4 The inlet shall be arranged so that the flow of water is not retarded by
any obstruction.

ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

Riser Drain.

13.6.4.1 A drain pipe of at least 50 mm (2 in.) that is fitted with a controlling valve and a
12-mm (½-in.) drip valve shall be connected into the tank discharge pipe near its
base and,
where possible, on the tank side of all valves.

EMAIL ID- ezazsidd1993@rediffmail.com

Linkedin – www.linkedin.com/in/ezazsiddique1993

ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

Thanks For Reading.
I hope It will be Very
Helpfull For you.

Er. Ezazul Haque Siddique

MEP Engineer

ER. EZAZUL HAQUE