VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

JNANA SANGAMA, BELAGAVI-590 018

Mini-Project First Review

On
“AUTOMATIC GAS LEAKAGE DETECTION USING
ARDUINO”
Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Award of Degree of
BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
in
ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

Submitted by

MARAM MOUNIKA 1BI22EC082

RAKSHITHA L 1BI22EC115
RAMYA R 1BI22EC117
RAMYA SHREE D 1BI22EC118

Under the guidance of

Dr. MANASA P
Assistant Professor

Department of ECE, BIT

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

BANGALORE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
K.R. Road, V.V. Puram, Bengaluru 560004

2024-25
Automatic Gas Leakage Detection Using Arduino 2024-2025

TABLE OF CONTENTS

SI.no Contents Page No.

1 Introduction 02

2 Literature Survey 03-04

3 Methodology 05

4 Results and Discussions on current progress 06-09

Signature of the guide

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, BIT Page 1

Automatic Gas Leakage Detection Using Arduino 2024-2025

CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

A gas leakage detector is a device that helps detect the presence of hazardous gas in the air. It’s an
important safety measure to prevent accidents. Gas leakage leads to various accidents resulting in
both material loss and human injuries. The risk of explosion, firing, suffocation are based on their
physical properties such as toxicity, flammability etc. The number of deaths due to explosion of gas
cylinders has been increasing in recent years.

Gas leakage poses significant safety and environmental risks in both residential and industrial
settings. Leaks of Liquified Petroleum Gas (LPG) can lead to disastrous accidents and damage to the
environment. To address these concerns, the development of efficient gas leakage detection systems
is important.

This document provides a comprehensive overview of automatic gas leakage detection using
Arduino, a widely accessible and versatile microcontroller platform. Arduino, an open-source
platform known for its simplicity and affordability, provides an opportunity to design an effective
gas leakage detector.

By using the analog and digital input/output capabilities of Arduino, we will design a system capable
of sensing gas levels and triggering alarms when concentrations exceed safe thresholds. The
implementation will involve integrating an LPG gas sensor, a buzzer, and an LED indicator, creating
a compact, user-friendly device.

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, BIT Page 2

Automatic Gas Leakage Detection Using Arduino 2024-2025

CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE SURVEY

1. GAS LEAKAGE DETECTION BASED ON IOT

Suma V, Ramya R Shekar, Akshay Kumar A. Proceedings of the Third International Conference on
Electronics Communication and Aerospace Technology [ICECA 2019] pp.no 1312 – 1315. In this
proposed system the detection and monitoring of the LPG gas is sensed using MQ – 5 sensors. In the
system, when the leakage of gas is detected, the buzzer will be on, along with that the alert message
will be displayed in the LCD. And while monitoring of gas based on the cylinder weight, which is
measured using the load sensor, it will send the message to the owner of the application or system.

2. GAS LEAKAGE DETECTION SYSTEM USING IOT WITH

INTEGRATED NOTIFICATIONS USING PUSHBULLET-A REVIEW
M Athish Subramanian, Naveen Selvam, Rajkumar S, R Mahalakshmi, J Ramprabhakar.
Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Inventive Systems and Control (ICISC 2020)
pp.no 359 – 363. In this proposed system, the authors used the push bullet for the rapid transfer of
the data of the message using the Wi-Fi module which functions when there is leakage of gas which
is connected to the Arduino UNO.

3. IOT BASED INDUSTRIAL PLANT SAFETY GAS LEAKAGE

DETECTION SYSTEM
Ravi Kishore Kodali, Greeshma, R.N.V, Kusuma Priya Nimmanapalli, Yatish Krishna Yogi Borra.
International Conference on Computing Communication and Automation (ICCCA 2018) p.no 1- 5.
In this proposed system, the sensor which is used to detect LPG gas is MQ – 6, for methane gas, the
sensor used is MQ – 4, and benzene is detected using the sensor using MQ – 135 respectively. The
output of the sensors will be given in form of PPM. Further, ESP32 is used for the sending and
receiving of messages.

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, BIT Page 3

Automatic Gas Leakage Detection Using Arduino 2024-2025

4. A SMART APPROACH OF LPG MONITORING AND DETECTION

SYSTEM USING IOT
Nagib Mahfuz, Shawan Karmokar, Md. Ismail Hossain Rana. 11th International Conference on
Computing Communication and Networking Technologies (ICCCNT 2020). In this proposed system,
the application is for the monitoring of the gas where it sends the message. NodeMCU’s are powered
as the sensors where the load sensors always monitor the cylinder. If the weight is less, then it will be
displayed using ubidots.

5. GAS LEAKAGE DETECTION AND SMART ALERTING AND

PREDICTION USING IOT
Asmita Varma, Prabhakar S, Kayalvizhi Jayavel. International Conference on Computing and
Communications Technologies (ICCCT 2017) 2017 IEEE pp.no 327-333. In this proposed system,
the LPG gas management is proposed for the cost which is low. Along with detection and
monitoring, the system also calculates the temperature and humidity concentration.

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, BIT Page 4

Automatic Gas Leakage Detection Using Arduino 2024-2025

CHAPTER 3
METHODOLOGY
The idea behind of this project is to detect the Gas Leakage that can be detected by using Sensor.
The presence of hazardous gas leakage (like LPG leak, Butane leak, Methane leak) or any such
gaseous substance in a domestic workplace and stored gases container gas which exhibits ideal
characteristic can be detected. It Produces a sound alarm upon gas leak.
The sensors are powered by microcontrollers, LCD displays and a buzzer. The sensors can detect the
gas leak. The sensor MQ-2 is employed here to detect LPG levels in the air. The gasses in the range
between 200 and 10000 ppm may be detected as well as the reaction time is quite rapid.
The outcome of the sensors would be an analog strength. A serial communication circuit converts the
change from analog resistor to voltage. The microcontroller reads that voltage. In the proposed
system of gas detection system, the application contains both the monitoring and detection of the
gases which are very harmful for the surrounding.
In the detection of the gas, the sensor which is used to sense many gases is MQ-2 sensor. After the
detection of leakage in the gas, the sensor sends the signal to the Arduino UNO for the further
process where other hardware components are connected to each other.
Through Arduino UNO, it sends the signal to the LCD display for displaying the alert message as
“Gas Detected”, accordingly, the buzzer be on so that the surrounding people will the alerted. This
system provides information such as when a gas leakage is noticed, sensors in the project are used to
notice the gas leakage and immediately turns ON the buzzer for the danger indication. Buzzer is a
clear indication of gas leakage. Detection of the gas leakage is important, and halting leakage is
important equally.
The main objective of this project is that it is extremely accurate with the least cost, this system is
best to detect gas leakage and warn people around by buzzer beep sound. More than the lifetime
Arduino has been a reason that thousands of projects from everyday bodies to complicated scientific
mechanism. Their knowledge about the said matter contributes a lot to help the society in this subject
area.

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, BIT Page 5

Automatic Gas Leakage Detection Using Arduino 2024-2025

CHAPTER 4

RESULTS & DISCUSSIONS ON CURRENT PROGRESS

RESULTS:

COMPONENT SELECTION:
1. Arduino UNO: Acts as the central microcontroller for processing sensor data and controlling
outputs. It is having 6 analog input pins (for MQ2 sensor) and 14 digital I/O pins (for buzzer, LCD).
2. MQ2 Gas Sensor: Detects the presence of flammable gases like LPG, methane, and smoke. It is
having high sensitivity and fast response. Adjustable threshold via a built-in potentiometer.
3. Buzzer: Provides an audible alarm when gas levels exceed the safe threshold. Operates at low
voltage (3.3V-5V). Compact and easy to interface with Arduino.
4. LCD Display (16x2): Displays real-time gas concentration and system status for user awareness. It
is having 16 columns and 2 rows for clear data display. Operates at 5V. Compatible with Arduino using
the Liquid Crystal library.
5. Resistors: Limit current to protect components like the buzzer, LEDs, or sensors.
6. Jumper Wires: Provide easy and flexible connections between components on a breadboard or
directly to Arduino. Types of wires are Male-to-male, male-to-female, and female-to-female.
7. Breadboard: It is a platform to connect components without soldering.
8. LED: Visual indicators for system status (e.g., normal or alert mode).

CIRCUIT DESIGN:
1.MQ-2 Gas Sensor1
 VCC → Arduino 5V
 GND → Arduino GND
 AO (Analog Output) → A0 (Arduino Analog Pin) 2.MQ-2 Gas Sensor2
 VCC → Arduino 5V
 GND → Arduino GND
 AO (Analog Output) → A1(Arduino Analog Pin)
3.LED
 Positive leg → Resistor (180Ω) → Pin 2 (Arduino)

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, BIT Page 6

Automatic Gas Leakage Detection Using Arduino 2024-2025

 Negative leg → GND

4.Buzzer
 Positive leg → Pin 3 (Arduino)
 Negative leg → GND

 VCC → Arduino 5V
 GND → Arduino GND
 SDA → A4
 SCL → A54

COMPONENT SELECTION JUSTIFICATION:

1. Arduino UNO: Versatile and easy-to-use microcontroller suitable for beginners and
professionals. Supports analog and digital input/output required for interfacing with sensors, buzzers,
and LCDs. Extensive library support simplifies coding and development.
2. MQ2 Gas Sensor: Specifically designed to detect flammable gases such as LPG, methane, and
smoke. Provides both analog (gas concentration) and digital (threshold-based) outputs. Economical and
widely available.
3. Buzzer: Simple and effective for audible alarms to warn users of gas leaks. Operates efficiently at
5V, compatible with Arduino. Reliable for immediate alerts without requiring complex circuitry.
4. 16x2 LCD Display: Provides a user-friendly way to display real-time gas levels and system status.
Compatible with Arduino via the Liquid Crystal library. Low-cost and widely available.
5. Resistor: Essential for current limiting to protect sensitive components like LEDs or adjust
contrast for LCD displays. Used to stabilize the circuit and ensure reliable operation.
6. Breadboard: Enables easy prototyping and experimentation without soldering. Ideal for testing
and modifying connections during development.
7. Jumper Wires: Provide flexible connections between components and the Arduino. Reusable and
easy to work with for prototyping.
8. LED: Provide visual indicators for system status (e.g., normal or alert). Enhances user interaction
with simple, low-power components.

CHALLENGES IDENTIFIED

1. Sensor Accuracy and Calibration: The MQ2 sensor requires proper calibration to provide accurate
gas concentration readings. Incorrect calibration may lead to false alarms or missed detections.

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, BIT Page 7

Automatic Gas Leakage Detection Using Arduino 2024-2025

2. Environmental Interference: Factors like temperature, humidity, and ventilation can affect the
sensor's performance and accuracy.
3. Power Supply Stability: Unstable power supply can lead to inconsistent readings and unreliable
operation.
4. False Alarms: The sensor may trigger alarms due to non-hazardous substances like smoke or
alcohol vapors.
5. System Integration: Integrating multiple components (MQ2, LCD, buzzer) can result in wiring
complexity and potential errors.
6. Response Time: The system may have a delay in detecting gas and triggering the alarm due to the
sensor's warm-up time or slow response.
7. Limited Detection Range: The MQ2 sensor has a limited detection range and may not cover large
areas effectively.
8. User Interface Limitations: A simple LCD display may not provide sufficient information or
remote monitoring capabilities.
9. Component Durability: Prolonged exposure to high gas concentrations may degrade the sensor's
lifespan.
10. Cost Constraints: Adding advanced features like IoT connectivity or multiple sensors increases
the project cost.
11. Code and Logic Errors: Bugs in the Arduino code may cause the system to malfunction or fail to
respond appropriately.
12. Limited Portability: A system powered by an external adapter may not be portable.

PROJECT FEASIBILITY:
Technical Feasibility
Hardware Compatibility:
• The Arduino UNO supports the integration of the MQ2 sensor, buzzer, and LCD display.
• Components like resistors, potentiometers, and breadboards ensure a simple and functional
circuit design.
Software Support:
• The Arduino IDE offers robust libraries.
• Easily modifiable code allows flexibility in functionality. Scalability:
• The system can be upgraded with IoT modules (e.g., ESP8266) for remote monitoring.

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, BIT Page 8

Automatic Gas Leakage Detection Using Arduino 2024-2025

Reliability:
• Proven reliability of the MQ2 sensor for detecting LPG, methane, and smoke enhances the
system’s dependability.
Economic Feasibility
Low Cost:
• The components (Arduino, MQ2 sensor, buzzer, etc.) are affordable and widely available.
• The overall cost is minimal compared to commercial gas detection systems.
DIY Approach:
• Building the system in-house reduces manufacturing and development costs. Return on
Investment:
• Enhances safety at a low cost, potentially preventing expensive accidents or property damage.
Operational Feasibility
Ease of Use:
• User-friendly interface with an LCD display and buzzer for alerts.
• Simple setup and maintenance make it suitable for non-technical users. Wide Applicability:
• Applicable for homes, industries, and vehicles to prevent gas-related hazards.
• Can function independently or as part of a larger safety system.
Minimal Maintenance:
• Periodic calibration and sensor replacement are the only major requirements.
Environmental Feasibility
Energy Efficiency:
• Low-power components ensure minimal energy consumption.
• Can be powered by renewable energy sources (e.g., solar panels) for eco-friendliness. Safety
Contribution:
• Helps prevent environmental contamination caused by gas leaks.
Time Feasibility
Development Time:
• Prototyping and testing can be completed within a few days to weeks.
• Pre-assembled components reduce the time required for setup. Deployment:
• Easily deployable in residential or industrial settings without significant infrastructure changes.

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, BIT Page 9