1.
Inter-Sentential Code-Switching
Definition: Switching languages at the sentence or clause level.
Examples:
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+ACI-Guftagu +AJY- ijlaas mein sharik na hone ka koi issue nahi.+ACI-
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+ACI-Guftagu +AJY- ijlaas mein sharik na hone ka koi+ACI- (Urdu)
o
o
+ACI-issue nahi+ACI- (English)
o
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+ACI-Darmiyan-e-asna, PTI Khyber Pakhtunkhwa ke sadar Junaid Akbar ne media se
guftagu karte hue kaha hai ke hukoomati parliamentary committee mein shirkat na
karne ka koi issue nahi.+ACI-
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+ACI-parliamentary committee+ACI- and +ACI-issue+ACI- are English within an
otherwise Urdu sentence.
o
2. Intra-Sentential Code-Switching
Definition: Mixing English and Urdu within the same sentence.
Examples:
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+ACI-Dahshatgardi ke khilaf mushtarka bayaniya apnane ki zaroorat, Gohar +AJY- sab
ko ek page par hona hoga.+ACI-
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+ACI-Page+ACI- is an English word in an Urdu structure.
o
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+ACI-Media se guftagu karte hue unhon ne kaha ke parliamentary security ijlaas mein
shirkat na karne ka faisla jamaat ka muttafiq tha.+ACI-
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o
+ACI-Media,+ACI- +ACI-parliamentary security+ACI- are English insertions in an Urdu
sentence.
o
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+ACI-Ali Amin Gandapur ne ba-tor Wazir-e-Aala KP ke security ijlaas mein shirkat
ki.+ACI-
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+ACI-Security+ACI- is English in an Urdu grammatical structure.
o
3. Tag Switching (Emblematic Code-Switching)
Definition: A single word or short phrase from another language is inserted into
speech.
Examples:
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+ACI-PTI ke chairman Barrister Gohar ne kaha...+ACI-
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+ACI-Chairman+ACI- and +ACI-Barrister+ACI- are short English terms used in Urdu
speech.
o
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+ACI-Unhon ne kaha ke jab unka apna maslah ho to subah 7 baje bhi jail ke darwaze
khol diye jate hain. 17 seats wali hukoomat ki koi ahmiyat nahi hai.+ACI-
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o
+ACI-Seats+ACI- is an English word used in a mostly Urdu sentence.
o
4. Borrowing (Loanwords from English)
Definition: Words borrowed from English that are commonly used in Urdu.
Examples:
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+ACI-Committee+ACI-
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+ACI-Security+ACI-
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+ACI-Media+ACI-
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+ACI-Issue+ACI-
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+ACI-Page+ACI-
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+ACI-Chairman+ACI-
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These words have become a standard
1. Inter-Sentential Code-Switching
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Nouns: switching, languages, sentence, clause, level, issue, committee, media
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Pronouns: none
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Verbs: switching, hone (Urdu verb), karne (Urdu verb), nahi (Urdu verb form)
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Adjectives: parliamentary
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2. Intra-Sentential Code-Switching
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Nouns: dahshatgardi, bayaniya, zaroorat, media, security, ijlaas, faisla, jamaat,
muttafiq, wazir-e-aala
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Pronouns: unhon (Urdu pronoun)
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Verbs: apnane, hona, karte, kaha, thi, ki (Urdu verbs)
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Adjectives: parliamentary, mushtarka
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3. Tag Switching (Emblematic Code-Switching)
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Nouns: chairman, barrister, seats, hukoomat, maslah, jail, darwaze
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Pronouns: unhon (Urdu pronoun)
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Verbs: kaha, ho, jate, khol diye jate hain (Urdu verbs)
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Adjectives: none
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